-
git init >> pycharm initialize VCS> Git
-
git add files that needed to have versioning
- harm select files
-
git commit "comments that summarizes the changes"
- pycharm enter comment and click Commit
git pull : get updates from the origin (github repo)
git push : share updates to the origin (to github repo)
- having the multiple copies of the same repository on the same server
- Pull request, Merging to master
- Create PR and get Approval > merg PR and close your Request
- download selenium go to the Terminal (pycharm)
pip install selenium # library, code written by developers, open source
pip freeze # to check the selenium is in the list-
download chromedriver
- check the version of your chrome browser (if you dont have chrome browser, donwload and install it)
- download the chromedriver from this location: driver website
- select chromedriver_win32.zip if you have windows
- Extract the downloaded folder and copy the chromedriver file
-
save in the Python main location
- Go to python main folder: "C:\Program Files\Python39"
- paste the copied chromedriver file here
-
import selenium, run sample code
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.thelevelupsolutions.com/")
driver.maximize_window()
driver.quit() # close all tabscreate and save file with .md extention
# - title1
## - title2
*italics text*
**bold text**
- item1
- item2
* item1
* item2
use 3 ` to display the code snippet
[text for the link](url here)
[](https://youtu.be/vt5fpE0bzSY)
Example:
ls -l DocumentsHTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages. Document Object Model - html document (DOM)
- HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
- HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
- HTML describes the structure of a Web page
- HTML consists of a series of elements
- HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
- HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph", "this is a link", etc.
HTML DOM - html document object model this is where you find the web page elements and their 'description'.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
NOTE: Find out more about http messages and popular status codes here
Read and try out
- https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp
- https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_elements.asp
- https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_attributes.asp
- https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_links.asp
- https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_forms.asp (all other pages for html forms)
Element types are defined by tags in the HTML document (DOM)
- images
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl in a jacket" width="500" height="600">- buttons
<button name="submit" id="login" type="button">Login</button>- links
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">Visit W3Schools.com!</a>- text box, checkbox, radio button, password etc.
The
<input>tag specifies an input field where the user can enter data.
The different input types are as follows:
<input type="button">
<input type="checkbox">
<input type="color">
<input type="date">
<input type="datetime-local">
<input type="email">
<input type="file">
<input type="hidden">
<input type="image">
<input type="month">
<input type="number">
<input type="password">
<input type="radio">
<input type="range">
<input type="reset">
<input type="search">
<input type="submit">Sample:
<form action="/action_page.php">
<label for="fname">First name:</label>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname"><br><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>- drop down
<select><option>NY</option>State</select>- checkbox
- radio buttons
- videos
Find out about different tags used in the html document here
Each element consist of attributes
<div class="myDiv" id="my-div">
<h2>This is a heading in a div element</h2>
<p>This is some text in a div element.</p>
</div>here 'div' is a tag and 'class' is an attribute. type
We need to tell Selenium how to find an element so that it can simulate a desired user action, or look at the attributes or state of an element so that we can perform a check. For example, if we want to search for a product, we need to find the search text field and search button visually. We enter the search term by pressing various keys on the keyboard and click on the search button to submit our search request.
We can automate the same actions using Selenium. However, Selenium does not understand these fields or buttons visually as we do. It needs to find the search textbox and search button to simulate keyboard entry and mouse click programmatically.
Selenium provides various find_element methods to find elements on a web page. These methods search for an element based on the criteria supplied to them. If a matching element is found, an instance of WebElement is returned or the NoSuchElementException exception is thrown if Selenium is not able to find any element matching the search criteria.
Available locators in selenium (find_element(By.locator, 'value')):
- ID
- NAME
- XPATH
- CLASS_NAME
- CSS_SELECTOR
- LINK_TEXT
- PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("myapp.com")
driver.find_element(By.ID, 'search')
driver.find_element(By.NAME, 'q')
driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, 'input-text')
driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, 'input')
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//form[0]/div[0]/input[0]')
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#search')
driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, 'Log In')
driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, 'Log')Selenium also provides various find_elements_by methods to locate multiple elements. These methods search and return a list of elements that match the supplied values.
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("myapp.com")
driver.find_elements(By.ID, 'products')
driver.find_elements(By.NAME, 'products')
driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, 'input-text')
driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, 'a')
driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, '//div[contains(@class, "lists")]')
driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.input-class')
driver.find_elements(By.LINK_TEXT, 'Log In')
driver.find_elements(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, 'Add to')Demo website: https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/basic-first-form-demo.html
Example of Locating the element uniquely
- xpath
msg_xpath = '//form/div/input[@id="user-message" and @class="form-control"]'This is the xpath for the below element.
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="input-message" placeholder="Please enter your Message" id="user-message">
Some text here
</input>Tags to know:
links, images, forms (textbox, radio, checkbox, submit, fileupload, <input>, <label>, <select>, <textarea>, <button>)
div - container to holds the styled elements
CSS - styling document, goes along with html document NOTE: read about html click here
simulates browser action
- properties: current_url, current_window_handle, window_handles, name, title,
- methods: find_element(), send_keys(), switch_to.window(), back(), refresh() ....
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.back()
driver.forward()
driver.find_element_by_xpath('somexpath')
driver.refresh()
driver.get()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.maximize_window()SOAP - xml, older api type REST API - json, xml (http messages and responses)
add.resources('/query') def query(function, symbol, apikey): # verify apikey # find global quote for symbol
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=GLOBAL_QUOTE&symbol=IBM&apikey=OZ8SJC8A5DGNC
https://dog.ceo/api/breed/hound/english/images/random
** Homework** Read about different message types, this will help you to understand the API and messages used in an API as a connection between server and webpage(local on the browser) Method: GET, POST, PUT, DELETE Note: remember status codes: 200, 401, 404, 500, 300, 201
simulates element actions Done topics:
- Working with find_elements() - returns list of elements
- Webelement properties (text, size, tag_name)
- Webelement methods: clear(), click(), send_keys(), is_displayed(), is_enabled(), get_attribute()
- Working with alerts and pop-up windows (from previous session, from webdriver class)
- Working with forms, textboxes, checkboxes, and radio buttons
- Working with dropdowns and lists
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
element = driver.find_element_by_xpath('somexpath')
element.is_displayed()
element.is_enabled()
element.is_checked()
element.click()
element.send_keys("your message here ")
element.send_keys(Keys.RETURN) # hitting the enter key
element.send_keys(Keys.ESCAPE)
element.send_keys(Keys.UP)
element.text # property - you must not use parenthesisAssertion: - from python to verify something - it generates pass/fail status in unittests
Xpath="//tagname[@attribute='value']"
msg_xpah = "//input[@name = 'input-message']"Difference between implicit and explicit waits What is explicit wait? How to build explicit wait with different conditions?
Synchronization methods: explicit wait : WebDriverWait class, expected_conditions class *practice here: https://chercher.tech/practice/explicit-wait-sample-selenium-webdriver *
WebDriver provides the WebDriverWait and expected_conditions classes to implement an explicit wait. practice website
practice here: https://jqueryui.com/droppable/
In this chapter, you will learn more about:
- Creating tests that simulate keyboard or mouse events using the Actions class
- Simulating mouse operations such as drag-and-drop and double-click
- Running JavaScript code: execute js >> alternative of button.click() (we have seen how to scroll down on the page)
- Capturing screenshots and movies of test runs
The way of engineering your project, put your code in structured way:
-
Pytest - unit testing framework
- to generate test reports with pass and fail status.
- hooks(fixtures) this will help you to better manager your execution
- how to run regression suites
-
Page Object Modeling (designing pattern)
- handle locators and page functions of each page
- this is good when you work with complex project.
- helps you to maintain changing web elements
- Classes, Inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism
running tests :
pytest -s -v test_scenarios.py
pytest -s -v test_scenarios.py::test_sample_pytst
# if you have marks for the functions
pytest -s -v -m sample1
$ pytest -s -v -m regression --disable-pytest-warnings >> reports/20211123_919_regressionPytest Fixtures
- SetUp : steps to execute before session/file/functions (scope)
- TearDown : steps to execute after session/file/functions (scope)
-
Web UI Functionality (python, selenium WebDriver, Yes)
-
API Automation
- manual (Yes) : Postman tool, study API testing and webservices (Akmal to send a video about this)
- Automation (maybe, REQUESTS library) (Akmal to send links for quick courses) NOTE: Find out more about http messages and popular status codes here
-
Backend Automation (NO, sql connection with python, server side automation with python)
-
Performance testing (NO - jmeter, LoadRunner etc.)
-
Security Testing (i.e.Penetration testing, NO)
Videos to watch:
- Bdd Framework Overview
- CI/CD pipelines and working with Jenkins and AWS
- All Mock interviews to watch
Automation practice websites: