RustPython · youknowone · Jan 13, 2026 · Jan 13, 2026
diff --git a/crates/vm/src/builtins/dict.rs b/crates/vm/src/builtins/dict.rs
@@ -62,6 +62,24 @@ impl PyDict {
         &self.entries
     }
 
+    /// Returns all keys as a Vec, atomically under a single read lock.
+    /// Thread-safe: prevents "dictionary changed size during iteration" errors.
+    pub fn keys_vec(&self) -> Vec<PyObjectRef> {
+        self.entries.keys()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns all values as a Vec, atomically under a single read lock.
+    /// Thread-safe: prevents "dictionary changed size during iteration" errors.
+    pub fn values_vec(&self) -> Vec<PyObjectRef> {
+        self.entries.values()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns all items as a Vec, atomically under a single read lock.
+    /// Thread-safe: prevents "dictionary changed size during iteration" errors.
+    pub fn items_vec(&self) -> Vec<(PyObjectRef, PyObjectRef)> {
+        self.entries.items()
+    }
+
     // Used in update and ior.
     pub(crate) fn merge_object(&self, other: PyObjectRef, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<()> {
         let casted: Result<PyRefExact<Self>, _> = other.downcast_exact(vm);

diff --git a/crates/vm/src/dict_inner.rs b/crates/vm/src/dict_inner.rs
@@ -553,6 +553,22 @@ impl<T: Clone> Dict<T> {
             .collect()
     }
 
+    pub fn values(&self) -> Vec<T> {
+        self.read()
+            .entries
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|v| v.as_ref().map(|v| v.value.clone()))
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    pub fn items(&self) -> Vec<(PyObjectRef, T)> {
+        self.read()
+            .entries
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|v| v.as_ref().map(|v| (v.key.clone(), v.value.clone())))
+            .collect()
+    }
+
     pub fn try_fold_keys<Acc, Fold>(&self, init: Acc, f: Fold) -> PyResult<Acc>
     where
         Fold: FnMut(Acc, &PyObject) -> PyResult<Acc>,

diff --git a/crates/vm/src/vm/mod.rs b/crates/vm/src/vm/mod.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,11 @@ use crate::{
     AsObject, Py, PyObject, PyObjectRef, PyPayload, PyRef, PyResult,
     builtins::{
         PyBaseExceptionRef, PyDict, PyDictRef, PyInt, PyList, PyModule, PyStr, PyStrInterned,
-        PyStrRef, PyTypeRef, code::PyCode, pystr::AsPyStr, tuple::PyTuple,
+        PyStrRef, PyTypeRef,
+        code::PyCode,
+        dict::{PyDictItems, PyDictKeys, PyDictValues},
+        pystr::AsPyStr,
+        tuple::PyTuple,
     },
     codecs::CodecsRegistry,
     common::{hash::HashSecret, lock::PyMutex, rc::PyRc},
@@ -808,6 +812,29 @@ impl VirtualMachine {
         } else if cls.is(self.ctx.types.list_type) {
             list_borrow = value.downcast_ref::<PyList>().unwrap().borrow_vec();
             &list_borrow
+        } else if cls.is(self.ctx.types.dict_keys_type) {
+            // Atomic snapshot of dict keys - prevents race condition during iteration
+            let keys = value.downcast_ref::<PyDictKeys>().unwrap().dict.keys_vec();
+            return keys.into_iter().map(func).collect();
+        } else if cls.is(self.ctx.types.dict_values_type) {
+            // Atomic snapshot of dict values - prevents race condition during iteration
+            let values = value
+                .downcast_ref::<PyDictValues>()
+                .unwrap()
+                .dict
+                .values_vec();
+            return values.into_iter().map(func).collect();
+        } else if cls.is(self.ctx.types.dict_items_type) {
+            // Atomic snapshot of dict items - prevents race condition during iteration
+            let items = value
+                .downcast_ref::<PyDictItems>()
+                .unwrap()
+                .dict
+                .items_vec();
+            return items
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(k, v)| func(self.ctx.new_tuple(vec![k, v]).into()))
+                .collect();
         } else {
             return self.map_py_iter(value, func);
         };