From 4f19138147c284c3038982cdeaa7c4c913aa68da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 12:00:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 01/56] part config

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py | 288 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py       |  15 ++
 2 files changed, 303 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56f4b859
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+import spatialdata
+from uuid import uuid4, UUID
+from enum import Enum
+from matplotlib.figure import Figure
+import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
+from matplotlib.axes import Axes
+from spatialdata_plot.pl.render_params import (
+    ImageRenderParams,
+    LabelsRenderParams,
+    PointsRenderParams,
+    ShapesRenderParams,
+)
+from typing import OrderedDict
+
+Params = ImageRenderParams | LabelsRenderParams | PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams
+
+class VegaAlignment(Enum):
+    LEFT = "start"
+    CENTER = "middle"
+    RIGHT = "end"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_matplotlib(cls, alignment: str):
+        """Convert Matplotlib horizontal alignment to Vega alignment."""
+        mapping = {
+            "left": cls.LEFT,
+            "center": cls.CENTER,
+            "right": cls.RIGHT
+        }
+        return mapping.get(alignment, cls.CENTER).value
+
+def _create_axis_scale_block(ax: Axes):
+    """Create vega scales object pertaining to both the x and the y axis.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ax : Axes
+        A matplotlib Axes instance which represents one (sub)plot in a matplotlib figure.
+    """
+    scales = []
+    scales.append(_get_axis_scale_config(ax, "x"))
+    scales.append(_get_axis_scale_config(ax, "y"))
+    return scales
+
+
+def _get_axis_scale_config(ax: Axes, axis_name: str):
+    """Provide a vega like scales object particular for one of the plotting axes.
+
+    Note that in vega, this config also contains the fields reverse and zero.
+    However, given that we specify the domain explicitly, these are not required here.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ax : Axes
+        A matplotlib Axes instance which represents one (sub)plot in a matplotlib figure.
+    axis_name: str
+        Which axis the config should be made for, either "x" or "y".
+    """
+    scale = {}
+    scale["name"] = f"{axis_name.upper()}_scale"
+    if axis_name == "x":
+        scale["type"] = ax.get_xaxis().get_scale()
+        scale["domain"] = [ax.get_xlim()[0], ax.get_xlim()[1]]
+        scale["range"] = "width"
+    if axis_name == "y":
+        scale["type"] = ax.get_yaxis().get_scale()
+        scale["domain"] = [ax.get_ylim()[0], ax.get_ylim()[1]]
+        scale["range"] = "height"
+    return scale
+
+
+def _create_padding_object(fig: Figure):
+    """Get the padding parameters for a vega viewconfiguration.
+
+    Given that matplotlib gives the padding parameters as a fraction of the the figure width or height and
+    vega gives it as absolute number of pixels we need to convert from the fraction to the number of pixels.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fig : Figure
+        The matplotlib figure. The top level container for all the plot elements.
+    """
+    fig_width_pixels, fig_height_pixels = fig.get_size_inches() * fig.dpi
+    # contains also wspace and hspace but does not seem to be used by vega here.
+    padding_obj = fig.subplotpars
+    padding = {
+        "left": padding_obj.left * fig_width_pixels,
+        "top": (1 - padding_obj.top) * fig_height_pixels,
+        "right": (1 - padding_obj.right) * fig_width_pixels,
+        "bottom": padding_obj.bottom * fig_height_pixels,
+    }
+    return padding
+
+def _create_base_level_sdata_block(url: Path):
+    """Create the vega json object for the SpatialData zarr store.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    url : Path
+        The location of the SpatialData zarr store.
+
+    This config is to be added to the vega data field block.
+    """
+    base_block = {}
+    base_block["name"] = uuid4()
+    base_block["url"] = str(url)
+    base_block["format"] = {"type": "SpatialData",
+                            "version": spatialdata.__version__}
+    return base_block
+
+def _create_derived_data_block(call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: UUID, cs: str):
+    """Create vega like data object for SpatialData elements.
+
+    Each object for a SpatialData element contains an additional transform that
+    is not entirely corresponding to the vega spec but aims to allow for retrieving
+    the specific element and transforming it to a particular coordinate space.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    call: str
+        The render call from spatialdata plot, either render_images, render_labels, render_points
+        or render_shapes, prefixed by n_ where n is the index of the render call starting from 0.
+    params: Params
+        The render parameters used in spatialdata-plot for the particular type of SpatialData
+        element.
+    base_uuid: UUID
+        Unique identifier used to refer to the base level SpatialData zarr store in the vega
+        like view configuration.
+    cs: str
+        The name of the coordinate system in which the SpatialData element was plotted.
+    """
+    data_block = {}
+
+    data_block["name"] = uuid4()
+    # TODO: think about versioning of individual spatialdata elements
+    if "render_images" in call:
+        data_block["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_image", "version": 0.1}
+    elif "render_labels" in call:
+        data_block["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_label", "version": 0.1}
+    elif "render_points" in call:
+        data_block["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_point", "version": 0.1}
+    elif "render_shapes" in call:
+        data_block["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_shape", "version": 0.1}
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown call: {call}")
+
+    data_block["source"] = base_uuid
+    data_block["transform"] = [{"type": "filter_element", "expr": params.element},
+                               {"type": "filter_cs", "expr": cs}]
+    return data_block
+
+
+def _create_data_configs(plotting_tree: OrderedDict[str, Params], cs: str, sdata_path: str):
+    """Create the vega json array value to the data key.
+
+    The data array in the SpatialData vegalike viewconfig consists out of
+    an object for the base level of the SpatialData zarr store and subsequently
+    derived individual SpatialData elements.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    plotting_tree: OrderedDict[str, Params]
+        Dictionary with as keys the render calls prefixed with the index of the render call. Render calls are either
+        render_images, render_labels, render_points, or render_shapes. The values in the dict are the parameters
+        corresponding to the render call.
+    cs: str
+        The name of the coordinate system in which the SpatialData elements were plotted.
+    sdata_path: str
+        The location of the SpatialData zarr store.
+    """
+    data = []
+    url = Path("sdata.zarr")
+
+    if sdata_path:
+        url = sdata_path
+
+    base_block = _create_base_level_sdata_block(url)
+    data.append(base_block)
+    for call, params in plotting_tree.items():
+        data.append(_create_derived_data_block(call, params, base_block["name"], cs))
+
+    return data
+
+
+def _create_title_config(ax, fig):
+    """Create a vega title object for a spatialdata view configuration.
+
+    Note that not all field values as obtained from matplotlib are supported by the official
+    vega specification.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ax : Axes
+        A matplotlib Axes instance which represents one (sub)plot in a matplotlib figure.
+    fig : Figure
+        The matplotlib figure. The top level container for all the plot elements.
+    """
+    title_text = ax.get_title()
+    title_obj = ax.title
+    title_font = title_obj.get_fontproperties()
+
+    title_config = {"text": title_text,
+                    "orient": "top", # there is not really a nice conversion here of matplotlib to vega
+                    "anchor": VegaAlignment.from_matplotlib(title_obj.get_horizontalalignment()),
+                    "baseline": title_obj.get_va(),
+                    "color": title_obj.get_color(),
+                    "font": title_obj.get_fontname(),
+                    "fontSize": (title_font.get_size() * fig.dpi) / 72,
+                    "fontStyle": title_obj.get_fontstyle(),
+                    "fontWeight": title_font.get_weight(),
+                    }
+    return title_config
+
+def _create_axis_block(ax, axis_scales_block, dpi):
+    axis_array = []
+    for scale in axis_scales_block:
+        axis_config = {}
+        axis_config["scale"] = scale["name"]
+        if scale["name"] == "X_scale":
+            axis = ax.xaxis
+            label = ax.get_xlabel()
+        elif scale["name"] == "Y_scale":
+            axis = ax.yaxis
+            label = ax.get_ylabel()
+
+        axis_config["orient"] = axis.get_label_position()
+
+        axis_line_props = ax.spines[axis_config["orient"]].properties()
+        axis_props = axis.properties()
+        axis_config["title"] = label
+        axis_config["domain"] = axis_line_props['visible'] # domain is whether axis line should be visible.
+        axis_config["domainOpacity"] = axis_line_props["alpha"] if axis_line_props["alpha"] else 1
+        axis_config["domainColor"] = mcolors.to_hex(axis_line_props["edgecolor"])[:-2]
+        axis_config["domainWidth"] = (axis_line_props["linewidth"] * dpi) / 72
+        axis_config["grid"] = axis_props["tick_params"]["gridOn"]
+
+        # making the assumption here that all gridlines look the same
+        if axis_config["grid"]:
+            axis_config["gridOpacity"] = axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()['alpha']
+            axis_config["gridCap"] = axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()['dash_capstyle']
+            grid_color = float(axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()['markeredgecolor'])
+            axis_config["gridColor"] = mcolors.to_hex([grid_color]*3)
+            axis_config["gridWidth"] = (axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["markeredgewidth"] * dpi) / 72
+        axis_config["labelFont"] = axis_props['majorticklabels'][0].get_fontname()
+        axis_config["labelFontSize"] = (axis_props['majorticklabels'][0].get_size() * dpi) / 72
+        axis_config["labelFontStyle"] = axis_props['majorticklabels'][0].get_fontstyle()
+        axis_config["labelFontWeight"] = axis_props['majorticklabels'][0].get_fontweight()
+        axis_config["tickCount"] = len(axis_props["ticklocs"])
+        if axis_config["tickCount"] != 0:
+            tick_props = axis_props["ticklines"][0].properties()
+            axis_config["ticks"] = tick_props["visible"]
+            axis_config["tickOpacity"] = tick_props["alpha"] if tick_props["alpha"] else 1
+            if axis_config["ticks"] and axis_config["tickOpacity"] != 0:
+                axis_config["tickColor"] = mcolors.to_hex(tick_props["color"])
+                axis_config["tickCap"] = tick_props["dash_capstyle"]
+                axis_config["tickWidth"] = (tick_props['linewidth'] * dpi) / 72
+                axis_config["tickSize"] = (tick_props['markersize'] * dpi) / 72 #also marker edge width, but vega doesn't have an equivalent for that.
+
+
+
+        # view={"grid": true,
+        # "tickCount": 5,
+        # "labelFontSize": 12,
+        # "titleFontSize": 14
+        # }
+        axis_array.append(axis_config)
+    return axis_config
+
+def create_viewconfig(sdata, fig_params, legend_params, cs):
+    fig = fig_params.fig
+    ax = fig_params.ax
+    data_block = _create_data_configs(sdata.plotting_tree, cs, sdata._path)
+
+    axis_scales_block = _create_axis_scale_block(ax)
+    axis_block = _create_axis_block(ax, axis_scales_block, fig.dpi)
+
+    viewconfig = {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": fig.get_figheight() * fig.dpi, # matplotlib uses inches, but vega uses absolute pixels
+        "width": fig.get_figwidth() * fig.dpi,
+        "padding": _create_padding_object(fig),
+        "title": _create_title_config(ax, fig),
+        "data": data_block,
+        "scales": axis_scales_block,
+
+    }
+    print()
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
index e9dd630d..cbe564bc 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
     _render_points,
     _render_shapes,
 )
+from spatialdata_plot.pl._viewconfig import create_viewconfig
 from spatialdata_plot.pl.render_params import (
     CmapParams,
     ImageRenderParams,
@@ -723,6 +724,7 @@ def show(
         ax: list[Axes] | Axes | None = None,
         return_ax: bool = False,
         save: str | Path | None = None,
+        store_viewconfig: bool = True,
     ) -> sd.SpatialData:
         """
         Plot the images in the SpatialData object.
@@ -830,7 +832,17 @@ def show(
             ax_y_max, ax_y_min = ax.get_ylim()  # (0, 0) is top-left
 
         coordinate_systems = sdata.coordinate_systems if coordinate_systems is None else coordinate_systems
+
+        # Only reason for multiple coordinate systems is to show quick overview, but this would complicate the view config
+        # implementation. For testing now, global is used as default.
+        if not isinstance(coordinate_systems, str) and store_viewconfig:
+            # TODO: change this when having full implementation.
+            store_viewconfig_cs = "global"
+            #raise ValueError("If wanting to store the view configuration. A single coordinate system must be provided")
+
         if isinstance(coordinate_systems, str):
+            if store_viewconfig:
+                store_viewconfig_cs = coordinate_systems
             coordinate_systems = [coordinate_systems]
 
         for cs in coordinate_systems:
@@ -1029,6 +1041,9 @@ def show(
         if fig_params.fig is not None and save is not None:
             save_fig(fig_params.fig, path=save)
 
+        if store_viewconfig:
+            create_viewconfig(sdata, fig_params, legend_params, store_viewconfig_cs)
+
         # Manually show plot if we're not in interactive mode
         # https://stackoverflow.com/a/64523765
         if not hasattr(sys, "ps1"):

From 3d346ba6cf57b9f0f8bd7064af31c6f9073718ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 13:07:22 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 02/56] complete axis array

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py | 28 ++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index 56f4b859..b778412b 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -219,16 +219,14 @@ def _create_axis_block(ax, axis_scales_block, dpi):
         axis_config["scale"] = scale["name"]
         if scale["name"] == "X_scale":
             axis = ax.xaxis
-            label = ax.get_xlabel()
         elif scale["name"] == "Y_scale":
             axis = ax.yaxis
-            label = ax.get_ylabel()
+
+        axis_props = axis.properties()
 
         axis_config["orient"] = axis.get_label_position()
 
         axis_line_props = ax.spines[axis_config["orient"]].properties()
-        axis_props = axis.properties()
-        axis_config["title"] = label
         axis_config["domain"] = axis_line_props['visible'] # domain is whether axis line should be visible.
         axis_config["domainOpacity"] = axis_line_props["alpha"] if axis_line_props["alpha"] else 1
         axis_config["domainColor"] = mcolors.to_hex(axis_line_props["edgecolor"])[:-2]
@@ -257,15 +255,22 @@ def _create_axis_block(ax, axis_scales_block, dpi):
                 axis_config["tickWidth"] = (tick_props['linewidth'] * dpi) / 72
                 axis_config["tickSize"] = (tick_props['markersize'] * dpi) / 72 #also marker edge width, but vega doesn't have an equivalent for that.
 
+        label = axis_props["label_text"]
+        if label == "":
+            axis_config["title"] = label
+            label_props = axis_props["label"].properties()
 
+            axis_config["titleAlign"] = label_props["horizontalalignment"]
+            axis_config["titleBaseline"] = label_props["verticalalignment"]
+            axis_config["titleColor"] = mcolors.to_hex(label_props["color"])
+            axis_config["titleFont"] = label_props["fontname"]
+            axis_config["titleFontSize"] = (label_props["fontsize"] * dpi) / 72
+            axis_config["titleFontWeight"] = label_props["fontweight"]
+            axis_config["titleOpacity"] = label_props["alpha"] if label_props["alpha"] else 1
+            axis_config["zindex"] = axis_props["zorder"]
 
-        # view={"grid": true,
-        # "tickCount": 5,
-        # "labelFontSize": 12,
-        # "titleFontSize": 14
-        # }
         axis_array.append(axis_config)
-    return axis_config
+    return axis_array
 
 def create_viewconfig(sdata, fig_params, legend_params, cs):
     fig = fig_params.fig
@@ -273,7 +278,7 @@ def create_viewconfig(sdata, fig_params, legend_params, cs):
     data_block = _create_data_configs(sdata.plotting_tree, cs, sdata._path)
 
     axis_scales_block = _create_axis_scale_block(ax)
-    axis_block = _create_axis_block(ax, axis_scales_block, fig.dpi)
+    axis_array = _create_axis_block(ax, axis_scales_block, fig.dpi)
 
     viewconfig = {
         "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
@@ -283,6 +288,7 @@ def create_viewconfig(sdata, fig_params, legend_params, cs):
         "title": _create_title_config(ax, fig),
         "data": data_block,
         "scales": axis_scales_block,
+        "axes": axis_array
 
     }
     print()

From 4de2f7293ec2add40c943aef80ce18c75536d6dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 15:58:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 03/56] add axes array to config

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index b778412b..bf0e5013 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ def create_viewconfig(sdata, fig_params, legend_params, cs):
         "title": _create_title_config(ax, fig),
         "data": data_block,
         "scales": axis_scales_block,
-        "axes": axis_array
+        "axes": axis_array,
 
     }
     print()

From 1d5f162345e9bfd86cf55909d0663b7c6174842a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 16:32:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 04/56] convert uuid to string

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py | 63 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 60 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index bf0e5013..c7b7720c 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     PointsRenderParams,
     ShapesRenderParams,
 )
-from typing import OrderedDict
+from collections import OrderedDict
 
 Params = ImageRenderParams | LabelsRenderParams | PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def _create_base_level_sdata_block(url: Path):
     This config is to be added to the vega data field block.
     """
     base_block = {}
-    base_block["name"] = uuid4()
+    base_block["name"] = str(uuid4())
     base_block["url"] = str(url)
     base_block["format"] = {"type": "SpatialData",
                             "version": spatialdata.__version__}
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: UUID, cs: s
     """
     data_block = {}
 
-    data_block["name"] = uuid4()
+    data_block["name"] = str(uuid4())
     # TODO: think about versioning of individual spatialdata elements
     if "render_images" in call:
         data_block["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_image", "version": 0.1}
@@ -272,6 +272,63 @@ def _create_axis_block(ax, axis_scales_block, dpi):
         axis_array.append(axis_config)
     return axis_array
 
+# def plotting_tree_dict_to_marks(plotting_tree_dict):
+#     out = [] # caller will set { ..., "marks": out }
+#     for pl_call_id, pl_call_params in plotting_tree_dict.items():
+#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_images"):
+#             for channel_index in pl_call_params["channel"]:
+#                 out.append({
+#                   "type": "raster_image",
+#                   "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
+#                   "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
+#                   "encode": {
+#                       "opacity": { "value": pl_call_params.get("alpha") },
+#                       "color": {"scale": get_scale_name(pl_call_params), "field": channel_index }
+#                   }
+#                 })
+#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_shapes"):
+#             out.append({
+#                 "type": "shape",
+#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
+#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
+#                 "encode": {
+#                     "fillOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("fill_alpha")},
+#                     "fillColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
+#                     "strokeWidth": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_width")},
+#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree # TODO: what are the units?
+#                     "strokeColor": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_color")},
+#                     "strokeOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_alpha")},
+#                 }
+#             })
+#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_points"):
+#             out.append({
+#                 "type": "point",
+#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
+#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
+#                 "encode": {
+#                     "opacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("alpha")},
+#                     "color": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
+#                     "size": {"value": pl_call_params.get("size")},
+#                 }
+#             })
+#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_labels"):
+#             out.append({
+#                 "type": "raster_labels",
+#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
+#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
+#                 "encode": {
+#                     "opacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("alpha")},
+#                     "fillColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
+#                     "strokeColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
+#                     "strokeWidth": {"value": pl_call_params.get("contour_px")},
+#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
+#                     "strokeOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_alpha")},
+#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
+#                     "fillOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("fill_alpha")},
+#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
+#                 }
+#             })
+
 def create_viewconfig(sdata, fig_params, legend_params, cs):
     fig = fig_params.fig
     ax = fig_params.ax

From 6f324ba49c42d5ba68aa1850c37dba3607f9d499 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luca Marconato <m.lucalmer@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 14:47:35 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 05/56] saving viewconfig from tests; fix mypy

---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml                |   4 +-
 src/spatialdata_plot/config.py         |   2 +
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py | 146 +++++++++++++------------
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py       |  98 ++++++++++++++---
 tests/conftest.py                      |  36 ++++++
 tests/pl/test_get_extent.py            |   4 +-
 tests/pl/test_render_labels.py         |   5 +
 tests/pl/test_render_points.py         |   4 +-
 tests/pl/test_render_shapes.py         |   7 +-
 9 files changed, 214 insertions(+), 92 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/spatialdata_plot/config.py

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index b055853a..6b83653d 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ repos:
     rev: 24.10.0
     hooks:
       - id: black
-  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-prettier
-    rev: v4.0.0-alpha.8
+  - repo: https://github.com/rbubley/mirrors-prettier
+    rev: v3.5.1
     hooks:
       - id: prettier
   - repo: https://github.com/asottile/blacken-docs
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/config.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73ed3256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# default value for the parameter store_viewconfig_in_attrs for .pl.show()
+STORE_VIEWCONFIG_IN_ATTRS = False
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index bf0e5013..e01a1047 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -1,36 +1,43 @@
-from pathlib import Path
-import spatialdata
-from uuid import uuid4, UUID
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections import OrderedDict
 from enum import Enum
-from matplotlib.figure import Figure
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+from uuid import uuid4
+
 import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
+import spatialdata
 from matplotlib.axes import Axes
+from matplotlib.figure import Figure
+
 from spatialdata_plot.pl.render_params import (
+    FigParams,
     ImageRenderParams,
     LabelsRenderParams,
     PointsRenderParams,
     ShapesRenderParams,
 )
-from typing import OrderedDict
 
 Params = ImageRenderParams | LabelsRenderParams | PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from spatialdata import SpatialData
+
+
 class VegaAlignment(Enum):
     LEFT = "start"
     CENTER = "middle"
     RIGHT = "end"
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_matplotlib(cls, alignment: str):
+    def from_matplotlib(cls, alignment: str) -> str:
         """Convert Matplotlib horizontal alignment to Vega alignment."""
-        mapping = {
-            "left": cls.LEFT,
-            "center": cls.CENTER,
-            "right": cls.RIGHT
-        }
+        mapping = {"left": cls.LEFT, "center": cls.CENTER, "right": cls.RIGHT}
         return mapping.get(alignment, cls.CENTER).value
 
-def _create_axis_scale_block(ax: Axes):
+
+def _create_axis_scale_block(ax: Axes) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
     """Create vega scales object pertaining to both the x and the y axis.
 
     Parameters
@@ -44,7 +51,7 @@ def _create_axis_scale_block(ax: Axes):
     return scales
 
 
-def _get_axis_scale_config(ax: Axes, axis_name: str):
+def _get_axis_scale_config(ax: Axes, axis_name: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Provide a vega like scales object particular for one of the plotting axes.
 
     Note that in vega, this config also contains the fields reverse and zero.
@@ -57,20 +64,20 @@ def _get_axis_scale_config(ax: Axes, axis_name: str):
     axis_name: str
         Which axis the config should be made for, either "x" or "y".
     """
-    scale = {}
+    scale: dict[str, Any] = {}
     scale["name"] = f"{axis_name.upper()}_scale"
     if axis_name == "x":
         scale["type"] = ax.get_xaxis().get_scale()
-        scale["domain"] = [ax.get_xlim()[0], ax.get_xlim()[1]]
+        scale["domain"] = [ax.get_xlim()[0].item(), ax.get_xlim()[1].item()]
         scale["range"] = "width"
     if axis_name == "y":
         scale["type"] = ax.get_yaxis().get_scale()
-        scale["domain"] = [ax.get_ylim()[0], ax.get_ylim()[1]]
+        scale["domain"] = [ax.get_ylim()[0].item(), ax.get_ylim()[1].item()]
         scale["range"] = "height"
     return scale
 
 
-def _create_padding_object(fig: Figure):
+def _create_padding_object(fig: Figure) -> dict[str, float]:
     """Get the padding parameters for a vega viewconfiguration.
 
     Given that matplotlib gives the padding parameters as a fraction of the the figure width or height and
@@ -84,15 +91,15 @@ def _create_padding_object(fig: Figure):
     fig_width_pixels, fig_height_pixels = fig.get_size_inches() * fig.dpi
     # contains also wspace and hspace but does not seem to be used by vega here.
     padding_obj = fig.subplotpars
-    padding = {
-        "left": padding_obj.left * fig_width_pixels,
-        "top": (1 - padding_obj.top) * fig_height_pixels,
-        "right": (1 - padding_obj.right) * fig_width_pixels,
-        "bottom": padding_obj.bottom * fig_height_pixels,
+    return {
+        "left": (padding_obj.left * fig_width_pixels).item(),
+        "top": ((1 - padding_obj.top) * fig_height_pixels).item(),
+        "right": ((1 - padding_obj.right) * fig_width_pixels).item(),
+        "bottom": (padding_obj.bottom * fig_height_pixels).item(),
     }
-    return padding
 
-def _create_base_level_sdata_block(url: Path):
+
+def _create_base_level_sdata_block(url: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Create the vega json object for the SpatialData zarr store.
 
     Parameters
@@ -102,14 +109,14 @@ def _create_base_level_sdata_block(url: Path):
 
     This config is to be added to the vega data field block.
     """
-    base_block = {}
-    base_block["name"] = uuid4()
-    base_block["url"] = str(url)
-    base_block["format"] = {"type": "SpatialData",
-                            "version": spatialdata.__version__}
-    return base_block
-
-def _create_derived_data_block(call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: UUID, cs: str):
+    return {
+        "name": str(uuid4()),
+        "url": url,
+        "format": {"type": "SpatialData", "version": spatialdata.__version__},
+    }
+
+
+def _create_derived_data_block(call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: str, cs: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Create vega like data object for SpatialData elements.
 
     Each object for a SpatialData element contains an additional transform that
@@ -124,15 +131,15 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: UUID, cs: s
     params: Params
         The render parameters used in spatialdata-plot for the particular type of SpatialData
         element.
-    base_uuid: UUID
+    base_uuid: str
         Unique identifier used to refer to the base level SpatialData zarr store in the vega
         like view configuration.
     cs: str
         The name of the coordinate system in which the SpatialData element was plotted.
     """
-    data_block = {}
+    data_block: dict[str, Any] = {}
 
-    data_block["name"] = uuid4()
+    data_block["name"] = str(uuid4())
     # TODO: think about versioning of individual spatialdata elements
     if "render_images" in call:
         data_block["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_image", "version": 0.1}
@@ -146,12 +153,11 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: UUID, cs: s
         raise ValueError(f"Unknown call: {call}")
 
     data_block["source"] = base_uuid
-    data_block["transform"] = [{"type": "filter_element", "expr": params.element},
-                               {"type": "filter_cs", "expr": cs}]
+    data_block["transform"] = [{"type": "filter_element", "expr": params.element}, {"type": "filter_cs", "expr": cs}]
     return data_block
 
 
-def _create_data_configs(plotting_tree: OrderedDict[str, Params], cs: str, sdata_path: str):
+def _create_data_configs(plotting_tree: OrderedDict[str, Params], cs: str, sdata_path: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
     """Create the vega json array value to the data key.
 
     The data array in the SpatialData vegalike viewconfig consists out of
@@ -170,7 +176,7 @@ def _create_data_configs(plotting_tree: OrderedDict[str, Params], cs: str, sdata
         The location of the SpatialData zarr store.
     """
     data = []
-    url = Path("sdata.zarr")
+    url = str(Path("sdata.zarr"))
 
     if sdata_path:
         url = sdata_path
@@ -183,7 +189,7 @@ def _create_data_configs(plotting_tree: OrderedDict[str, Params], cs: str, sdata
     return data
 
 
-def _create_title_config(ax, fig):
+def _create_title_config(ax: Axes, fig: Figure) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Create a vega title object for a spatialdata view configuration.
 
     Note that not all field values as obtained from matplotlib are supported by the official
@@ -200,19 +206,20 @@ def _create_title_config(ax, fig):
     title_obj = ax.title
     title_font = title_obj.get_fontproperties()
 
-    title_config = {"text": title_text,
-                    "orient": "top", # there is not really a nice conversion here of matplotlib to vega
-                    "anchor": VegaAlignment.from_matplotlib(title_obj.get_horizontalalignment()),
-                    "baseline": title_obj.get_va(),
-                    "color": title_obj.get_color(),
-                    "font": title_obj.get_fontname(),
-                    "fontSize": (title_font.get_size() * fig.dpi) / 72,
-                    "fontStyle": title_obj.get_fontstyle(),
-                    "fontWeight": title_font.get_weight(),
-                    }
-    return title_config
-
-def _create_axis_block(ax, axis_scales_block, dpi):
+    return {
+        "text": title_text,
+        "orient": "top",  # there is not really a nice conversion here of matplotlib to vega
+        "anchor": VegaAlignment.from_matplotlib(title_obj.get_horizontalalignment()),
+        "baseline": title_obj.get_va(),
+        "color": title_obj.get_color(),
+        "font": title_obj.get_fontname(),
+        "fontSize": (title_font.get_size() * fig.dpi) / 72,
+        "fontStyle": title_obj.get_fontstyle(),
+        "fontWeight": title_font.get_weight(),
+    }
+
+
+def _create_axis_block(ax: Axes, axis_scales_block: list[dict[str, Any]], dpi: float) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
     axis_array = []
     for scale in axis_scales_block:
         axis_config = {}
@@ -227,7 +234,7 @@ def _create_axis_block(ax, axis_scales_block, dpi):
         axis_config["orient"] = axis.get_label_position()
 
         axis_line_props = ax.spines[axis_config["orient"]].properties()
-        axis_config["domain"] = axis_line_props['visible'] # domain is whether axis line should be visible.
+        axis_config["domain"] = axis_line_props["visible"]  # domain is whether axis line should be visible.
         axis_config["domainOpacity"] = axis_line_props["alpha"] if axis_line_props["alpha"] else 1
         axis_config["domainColor"] = mcolors.to_hex(axis_line_props["edgecolor"])[:-2]
         axis_config["domainWidth"] = (axis_line_props["linewidth"] * dpi) / 72
@@ -235,15 +242,15 @@ def _create_axis_block(ax, axis_scales_block, dpi):
 
         # making the assumption here that all gridlines look the same
         if axis_config["grid"]:
-            axis_config["gridOpacity"] = axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()['alpha']
-            axis_config["gridCap"] = axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()['dash_capstyle']
-            grid_color = float(axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()['markeredgecolor'])
-            axis_config["gridColor"] = mcolors.to_hex([grid_color]*3)
+            axis_config["gridOpacity"] = axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["alpha"]
+            axis_config["gridCap"] = axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["dash_capstyle"]
+            grid_color = float(axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["markeredgecolor"])
+            axis_config["gridColor"] = mcolors.to_hex([grid_color] * 3)
             axis_config["gridWidth"] = (axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["markeredgewidth"] * dpi) / 72
-        axis_config["labelFont"] = axis_props['majorticklabels'][0].get_fontname()
-        axis_config["labelFontSize"] = (axis_props['majorticklabels'][0].get_size() * dpi) / 72
-        axis_config["labelFontStyle"] = axis_props['majorticklabels'][0].get_fontstyle()
-        axis_config["labelFontWeight"] = axis_props['majorticklabels'][0].get_fontweight()
+        axis_config["labelFont"] = axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_fontname()
+        axis_config["labelFontSize"] = (axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_size() * dpi) / 72
+        axis_config["labelFontStyle"] = axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_fontstyle()
+        axis_config["labelFontWeight"] = axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_fontweight()
         axis_config["tickCount"] = len(axis_props["ticklocs"])
         if axis_config["tickCount"] != 0:
             tick_props = axis_props["ticklines"][0].properties()
@@ -252,8 +259,10 @@ def _create_axis_block(ax, axis_scales_block, dpi):
             if axis_config["ticks"] and axis_config["tickOpacity"] != 0:
                 axis_config["tickColor"] = mcolors.to_hex(tick_props["color"])
                 axis_config["tickCap"] = tick_props["dash_capstyle"]
-                axis_config["tickWidth"] = (tick_props['linewidth'] * dpi) / 72
-                axis_config["tickSize"] = (tick_props['markersize'] * dpi) / 72 #also marker edge width, but vega doesn't have an equivalent for that.
+                axis_config["tickWidth"] = (tick_props["linewidth"] * dpi) / 72
+                axis_config["tickSize"] = (
+                    tick_props["markersize"] * dpi
+                ) / 72  # also marker edge width, but vega doesn't have an equivalent for that.
 
         label = axis_props["label_text"]
         if label == "":
@@ -272,7 +281,8 @@ def _create_axis_block(ax, axis_scales_block, dpi):
         axis_array.append(axis_config)
     return axis_array
 
-def create_viewconfig(sdata, fig_params, legend_params, cs):
+
+def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, legend_params: Any, cs: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     fig = fig_params.fig
     ax = fig_params.ax
     data_block = _create_data_configs(sdata.plotting_tree, cs, sdata._path)
@@ -280,15 +290,13 @@ def create_viewconfig(sdata, fig_params, legend_params, cs):
     axis_scales_block = _create_axis_scale_block(ax)
     axis_array = _create_axis_block(ax, axis_scales_block, fig.dpi)
 
-    viewconfig = {
+    return {
         "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": fig.get_figheight() * fig.dpi, # matplotlib uses inches, but vega uses absolute pixels
+        "height": fig.get_figheight() * fig.dpi,  # matplotlib uses inches, but vega uses absolute pixels
         "width": fig.get_figwidth() * fig.dpi,
         "padding": _create_padding_object(fig),
         "title": _create_title_config(ax, fig),
         "data": data_block,
         "scales": axis_scales_block,
         "axes": axis_array,
-
     }
-    print()
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
index cbe564bc..704a270e 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import json
 import sys
+import uuid
 import warnings
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from copy import deepcopy
@@ -22,14 +24,15 @@
 from spatialdata._utils import _deprecation_alias
 from xarray import DataArray, DataTree
 
+import spatialdata_plot.config
 from spatialdata_plot._accessor import register_spatial_data_accessor
+from spatialdata_plot.pl._viewconfig import create_viewconfig
 from spatialdata_plot.pl.render import (
     _render_images,
     _render_labels,
     _render_points,
     _render_shapes,
 )
-from spatialdata_plot.pl._viewconfig import create_viewconfig
 from spatialdata_plot.pl.render_params import (
     CmapParams,
     ImageRenderParams,
@@ -150,6 +153,7 @@ def _copy(
             tables=self._sdata.tables if tables is None else tables,
         )
         sdata.plotting_tree = self._sdata.plotting_tree if hasattr(self._sdata, "plotting_tree") else OrderedDict()
+        sdata._sdata = self._sdata
 
         return sdata
 
@@ -724,7 +728,8 @@ def show(
         ax: list[Axes] | Axes | None = None,
         return_ax: bool = False,
         save: str | Path | None = None,
-        store_viewconfig: bool = True,
+        store_viewconfig_in_attrs: bool | None = None,
+        store_viewconfig_to_disk: Path | None = None,
     ) -> sd.SpatialData:
         """
         Plot the images in the SpatialData object.
@@ -735,6 +740,27 @@ def show(
             Name(s) of the coordinate system(s) to be plotted. If None, all coordinate systems are plotted.
             If a coordinate system doesn't contain any relevant elements (as specified in the render_* calls),
             it is automatically not plotted.
+        legend_fontsize :
+            Font size of the legend text.
+        legend_fontweight :
+            Font weight of the legend text.
+        legend_loc :
+            Location of the legend on the plot.
+        legend_fontoutline :
+            Width of the outline around the legend text.
+        na_in_legend :
+            Whether to include 'NA' values in the legend.
+        colorbar :
+            Whether to plot the colorbar.
+        wspace :
+            The amount of width reserved for space between subplots, expressed as a fraction of the average axis width.
+        hspace :
+            The amount of height reserved for space between subplots, expressed as a fraction of the average axis
+            height.
+        ncols :
+            Number of columns in the figure.
+        frameon :
+            Whether to draw the frame around the plot.
         figsize :
             Size of the figure (width, height) in inches. The size of the actual canvas may deviate from this,
             depending on the dpi! In matplotlib, the actual figure size (in pixels) is dpi * figsize.
@@ -742,17 +768,25 @@ def show(
         dpi :
             Resolution of the plot in dots per inch (as in matplotlib).
             If None, the default of matplotlib is used (100.0).
+        fig :
+            Matplotlib Figure object to use for plotting.
+        title :
+            The title of the plot. If not provided, the plot will have the name of the coordinate system as the title.
+        share_extent :
+            Whether to share the extent of the plots.
+        pad_extent :
+            Padding around the extent of the plots, expressed as an integer or float.
         ax :
-            Matplotlib axes object to plot on. If None, a new figure is created.
-            Works only if there is one image in the SpatialData object.
-        ncols :
-            Number of columns in the figure. Default is 4.
+            Matplotlib Axes object to plot on. Works only if there is one image in the SpatialData object.
         return_ax :
-            Whether to return the axes object created. False by default.
-        colorbar :
-            Whether to plot the colorbar. True by default.
-        title :
-            The title of the plot. If not provided the plot will have the name of the coordinate system as title.
+            Whether to return the axes object created.
+        save :
+            Path to save the plot to a file.
+        store_viewconfig_in_attrs :
+            Whether to store the view configuration in `.attrs` slot of the `SpatialData` object. It defaults to
+            `spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_IN_ATTRS`.
+        store_viewconfig_to_disk :
+            Path to store the view configuration on disk. By default, the view configuration is not stored on disk.
 
         Returns
         -------
@@ -790,6 +824,9 @@ def show(
             save,
         )
 
+        if store_viewconfig_in_attrs is None:
+            store_viewconfig_in_attrs = spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_IN_ATTRS
+
         sdata = self._copy()
 
         # Evaluate execution tree for plotting
@@ -833,15 +870,16 @@ def show(
 
         coordinate_systems = sdata.coordinate_systems if coordinate_systems is None else coordinate_systems
 
-        # Only reason for multiple coordinate systems is to show quick overview, but this would complicate the view config
-        # implementation. For testing now, global is used as default.
-        if not isinstance(coordinate_systems, str) and store_viewconfig:
+        # Only reason for multiple coordinate systems is to show quick overview, but this would complicate the
+        # view config implementation. For testing now, global is used as default.
+        if not isinstance(coordinate_systems, str) and store_viewconfig_in_attrs:
             # TODO: change this when having full implementation.
             store_viewconfig_cs = "global"
-            #raise ValueError("If wanting to store the view configuration. A single coordinate system must be provided")
+            # raise ValueError("If wanting to store the view configuration. A single coordinate system must be
+            # provided")
 
         if isinstance(coordinate_systems, str):
-            if store_viewconfig:
+            if store_viewconfig_in_attrs:
                 store_viewconfig_cs = coordinate_systems
             coordinate_systems = [coordinate_systems]
 
@@ -1041,8 +1079,32 @@ def show(
         if fig_params.fig is not None and save is not None:
             save_fig(fig_params.fig, path=save)
 
-        if store_viewconfig:
-            create_viewconfig(sdata, fig_params, legend_params, store_viewconfig_cs)
+        def get_current_ax_uuid(ax: Axes) -> str:
+            return str(uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, str(id(ax))))
+
+        def _concat_viewconfig(
+            old_viewconfig: list[dict[str, Any]], new_viewconfig: list[dict[str, Any]]
+        ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+            return old_viewconfig + new_viewconfig
+
+        viewconfig: list[dict[str, Any]] | None = None
+        if store_viewconfig_in_attrs or store_viewconfig_to_disk:
+            viewconfig = [create_viewconfig(sdata, fig_params, legend_params, store_viewconfig_cs)]
+        if store_viewconfig_in_attrs:
+            root = sdata
+            while hasattr(root, "_sdata"):
+                root = root._sdata
+
+            assert isinstance(viewconfig, list)
+            viewconfig[0]["usermeta"] = {"axis_uuid": get_current_ax_uuid(ax)}
+            if "viewconfig" not in root.attrs:
+                root.attrs["viewconfig"] = viewconfig
+            else:
+                merged_viewconfig = _concat_viewconfig(root.attrs["viewconfig"], viewconfig)
+                root.attrs["viewconfig"] = merged_viewconfig
+        if store_viewconfig_to_disk:
+            with open(store_viewconfig_to_disk, "w") as outfile:
+                json.dump(viewconfig, outfile)
 
         # Manually show plot if we're not in interactive mode
         # https://stackoverflow.com/a/64523765
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 27adff68..74c57fed 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import json
+import warnings
 from abc import ABC, ABCMeta
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from functools import wraps
@@ -27,11 +29,13 @@
 from xarray import DataArray, DataTree
 
 import spatialdata_plot  # noqa: F401
+import spatialdata_plot.config
 
 HERE: Path = Path(__file__).parent
 
 EXPECTED = HERE / "_images"
 ACTUAL = HERE / "figures"
+VIEWCONFIG_ACTUAL = HERE / "figures_viewconfig"
 TOL = 15
 DPI = 80
 
@@ -64,6 +68,11 @@ def sdata_raccoon() -> SpatialData:
     return raccoon()
 
 
+@pytest.fixture()
+def sdata_empty() -> SpatialData:
+    return SpatialData()
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def test_sdata_single_image():
     """Creates a simple sdata object."""
@@ -386,6 +395,7 @@ def compare(cls, basename: str, tolerance: float | None = None):
         # Apply constrained layout and save the plot
         fig.set_constrained_layout(True)
         plt.savefig(out_path, dpi=DPI)
+
         plt.close()
 
         if tolerance is None:
@@ -400,9 +410,35 @@ def compare(cls, basename: str, tolerance: float | None = None):
 def _decorate(fn: Callable, clsname: str, name: str | None = None) -> Callable:
     @wraps(fn)
     def save_and_compare(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        # we need the test to contain one of these parameters as argument; the view configuration will be saved there
+        keys_to_check = ["sdata_blobs", "sdata_blobs_str", "sdata_raccoon", "sdata_empty"]
+        sdata = None
+        for key in keys_to_check:
+            sdata = kwargs.get(key)
+            if sdata is not None:
+                break
+
+        if sdata is not None:
+            old_config = spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_IN_ATTRS
+            spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_IN_ATTRS = True
         fn(self, *args, **kwargs)
         self.compare(fig_name)
 
+        if sdata is not None:
+            spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_IN_ATTRS = old_config
+            if "viewconfig" in sdata.attrs:
+                viewconfig = sdata.attrs["viewconfig"]
+                VIEWCONFIG_ACTUAL.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+                with open(VIEWCONFIG_ACTUAL / f"{fig_name}.json", "w") as outfile:
+                    json.dump(viewconfig, outfile, indent=4)
+                return
+
+        # uncomment to catch tests that do not save the viewconfig
+        # raise ValueError("No viewconfig saved for the test")
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"No viewconfig found in {keys_to_check} object. Skipping viewconfig generation.", UserWarning, stacklevel=2
+        )
+
     if not callable(fn):
         raise TypeError(f"Expected a `callable` for class `{clsname}`, found `{type(fn).__name__}`.")
 
diff --git a/tests/pl/test_get_extent.py b/tests/pl/test_get_extent.py
index 338a17b7..2f4ed74c 100644
--- a/tests/pl/test_get_extent.py
+++ b/tests/pl/test_get_extent.py
@@ -51,9 +51,10 @@ def test_plot_extent_of_img_is_correct_after_spatial_query(self, sdata_blobs: Sp
         cropped_blobs = sdata_blobs.query.bounding_box(
             axes=["x", "y"], min_coordinate=[100, 100], max_coordinate=[400, 400], target_coordinate_system="global"
         )
+        cropped_blobs._sdata = sdata_blobs
         cropped_blobs.pl.render_images().pl.show()
 
-    def test_plot_correct_plot_after_transformations(self):
+    def test_plot_correct_plot_after_transformations(self, sdata_empty):
         # inspired by https://github.com/scverse/spatialdata/blob/ef0a2dc7f9af8d4c84f15eec503177f1d08c3d46/tests/core/test_data_extent.py#L125
 
         circles = [Point(p) for p in [[0.5, 0.1], [0.9, 0.5], [0.5, 0.9], [0.1, 0.5]]]
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@ def test_plot_correct_plot_after_transformations(self):
             },
             points={"points": points_df, "points_pi3": points_df, "points_pi4": points_df},
         )
+        sdata._sdata = sdata_empty
 
         for i in [3, 4]:
             theta = math.pi / i
diff --git a/tests/pl/test_render_labels.py b/tests/pl/test_render_labels.py
index d7697bd7..c1217841 100644
--- a/tests/pl/test_render_labels.py
+++ b/tests/pl/test_render_labels.py
@@ -117,6 +117,9 @@ def _make_tablemodel_with_categorical_labels(sdata_blobs, label):
 
             _, axs = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=3, layout="tight")
 
+            sdata_blobs.pl.render_labels(label, color="channel_1_sum", table="other_table", scale="scale0").pl.show(
+                ax=axs[0], title="ch_1_sum", colorbar=False
+            )
             sdata_blobs.pl.render_labels(label, color="channel_1_sum", table="other_table", scale="scale0").pl.show(
                 ax=axs[0], title="ch_1_sum", colorbar=False
             )
@@ -130,6 +133,7 @@ def _make_tablemodel_with_categorical_labels(sdata_blobs, label):
         # we're modifying the data here, so we need an independent copy
         sdata_blobs_local = deepcopy(sdata_blobs)
 
+        sdata_blobs_local._sdata = sdata_blobs
         _make_tablemodel_with_categorical_labels(sdata_blobs_local, label)
 
     def test_plot_two_calls_with_coloring_result_in_two_colorbars(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
@@ -141,6 +145,7 @@ def test_plot_two_calls_with_coloring_result_in_two_colorbars(self, sdata_blobs:
         table.uns["spatialdata_attrs"]["region"] = "blobs_multiscale_labels"
         table = table[:, ~table.var_names.isin(["channel_0_sum"])]
         sdata_blobs_local["multi_table"] = table
+        sdata_blobs_local._sdata = sdata_blobs
         sdata_blobs_local.pl.render_labels("blobs_labels", color="channel_0_sum", table_name="table").pl.render_labels(
             "blobs_multiscale_labels", color="channel_1_sum", table_name="multi_table"
         ).pl.show()
diff --git a/tests/pl/test_render_points.py b/tests/pl/test_render_points.py
index 3ddef2bb..cf0ecda9 100644
--- a/tests/pl/test_render_points.py
+++ b/tests/pl/test_render_points.py
@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ def test_plot_datashader_can_use_std_as_reduction_not_all_zero(self, sdata_blobs
         temp.loc[195, "y"] = 159
         temp.loc[195, "instance_id"] = 13
         blob["blobs_points"] = PointsModel.parse(dask.dataframe.from_pandas(temp, 1), coordinates={"x": "x", "y": "y"})
+        blob._sdata = sdata_blobs
         blob.pl.render_points(
             element="blobs_points", size=40, color="instance_id", method="datashader", datashader_reduction="std"
         ).pl.show()
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ def test_plot_mpl_and_datashader_point_sizes_agree_after_altered_dpi(self, sdata
             element="blobs_points", size=400, color="yellow", method="datashader", alpha=0.8
         ).pl.show(dpi=200)
 
-    def test_plot_points_transformed_ds_agrees_with_mpl(self):
+    def test_plot_points_transformed_ds_agrees_with_mpl(self, sdata_empty):
         sdata = SpatialData(
             points={
                 "points1": PointsModel.parse(
@@ -199,6 +200,7 @@ def test_plot_points_transformed_ds_agrees_with_mpl(self):
                 )
             },
         )
+        sdata._sdata = sdata_empty
         sdata.pl.render_points("points1", method="matplotlib", size=50, color="lightgrey").pl.render_points(
             "points1", method="datashader", size=10, color="red"
         ).pl.show()
diff --git a/tests/pl/test_render_shapes.py b/tests/pl/test_render_shapes.py
index 7abb0783..978d84f0 100644
--- a/tests/pl/test_render_shapes.py
+++ b/tests/pl/test_render_shapes.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def test_plot_can_render_circles_with_default_outline_width(self, sdata_blobs: S
     def test_plot_can_render_circles_with_specified_outline_width(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
         sdata_blobs.pl.render_shapes(element="blobs_circles", outline_alpha=1, outline_width=3.0).pl.show()
 
-    def test_plot_can_render_multipolygons(self):
+    def test_plot_can_render_multipolygons(self, sdata_empty):
         def _make_multi():
             hole = MultiPolygon(
                 [(((0.0, 0.0), (0.0, 1.0), (1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0)), [((0.2, 0.2), (0.2, 0.8), (0.8, 0.8), (0.8, 0.2))])]
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ def _make_multi():
             return sd_polygons
 
         sdata = SpatialData(shapes={"p": _make_multi()})
+        sdata._sdata = sdata_empty
         adata = anndata.AnnData(pd.DataFrame({"p": ["hole", "overlap", "square", "circle"]}))
         adata.obs.loc[:, "region"] = "p"
         adata.obs.loc[:, "val"] = [0, 1, 2, 3]
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ def test_plot_can_color_from_geodataframe(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
         blob["table"].obs["region"] = "blobs_polygons"
         blob["table"].uns["spatialdata_attrs"]["region"] = "blobs_polygons"
         blob.shapes["blobs_polygons"]["value"] = [1, 10, 1, 20, 1]
+        blob._sdata = sdata_blobs
         blob.pl.render_shapes(
             element="blobs_polygons",
             color="value",
@@ -166,6 +168,7 @@ def test_plot_can_plot_shapes_after_spatial_query(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData
         cropped_blob = blob.query.bounding_box(
             axes=["x", "y"], min_coordinate=[100, 100], max_coordinate=[300, 300], target_coordinate_system="global"
         )
+        cropped_blob._sdata = sdata_blobs
         cropped_blob.pl.render_shapes().pl.show()
 
     def test_plot_can_plot_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
@@ -213,6 +216,7 @@ def test_plot_can_plot_queried_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling(self, sd
             filter_table=True,
         )
 
+        sdata_cropped._sdata = sdata_blobs
         sdata_cropped.pl.render_shapes("blobs_circles", color="annotation").pl.show()
 
     def test_plot_can_color_two_shapes_elements_by_annotation(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
@@ -257,6 +261,7 @@ def test_plot_can_color_two_queried_shapes_elements_by_annotation(self, sdata_bl
             filter_table=True,
         )
 
+        sdata_cropped._sdata = sdata_blobs
         sdata_cropped.pl.render_shapes("blobs_circles", color="annotation").pl.render_shapes(
             "blobs_polygons", color="annotation"
         ).pl.show()

From bbdb02b64cc62ab8791f5c2627adb3c2c20b425c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 16:57:23 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 06/56] minor updates

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py | 180 ++++++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 101 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index c7b7720c..f35eb451 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def _create_base_level_sdata_block(url: Path):
                             "version": spatialdata.__version__}
     return base_block
 
-def _create_derived_data_block(call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: UUID, cs: str):
+def _create_derived_data_block(ax, call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: UUID, cs: str):
     """Create vega like data object for SpatialData elements.
 
     Each object for a SpatialData element contains an additional transform that
@@ -130,28 +130,105 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: UUID, cs: s
     cs: str
         The name of the coordinate system in which the SpatialData element was plotted.
     """
-    data_block = {}
+    data_object = {}
+    marks_array = {}
+    img_counter = 0
 
-    data_block["name"] = str(uuid4())
+    data_object["name"] = params.element + "_" + str(uuid4())
     # TODO: think about versioning of individual spatialdata elements
     if "render_images" in call:
-        data_block["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_image", "version": 0.1}
+        data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_image", "version": 0.1}
+        marks_object = _create_raster_image_marks_object(ax,call, params, data_object["name"], img_counter)
+        img_counter += 1
     elif "render_labels" in call:
-        data_block["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_label", "version": 0.1}
+        data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_label", "version": 0.1}
     elif "render_points" in call:
-        data_block["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_point", "version": 0.1}
+        data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_point", "version": 0.1}
     elif "render_shapes" in call:
-        data_block["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_shape", "version": 0.1}
+        data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_shape", "version": 0.1}
     else:
         raise ValueError(f"Unknown call: {call}")
 
-    data_block["source"] = base_uuid
-    data_block["transform"] = [{"type": "filter_element", "expr": params.element},
+    data_object["source"] = base_uuid
+    data_object["transform"] = [{"type": "filter_element", "expr": params.element},
                                {"type": "filter_cs", "expr": cs}]
-    return data_block
+
+    # TODO: complete this part
+    if "render_images" in call:
+        multiscale = "full" if not params.scale else params.scale
+        data_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_scale", "expr": multiscale})
+        data_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_channel", "expr": params.channel})
+    return data_object, marks_array
+
+def _create_raster_image_marks_object(ax, call: str, params: ImageRenderParams, element_uuid: str, counter):
+    image_object = OrderedDict()
+    image_object["type"] = "raster_image"
+    image_object["from"] = {"data": element_uuid}
+    image_object["zindex"] = ax.properties()['images'][counter].zorder
+    image_object["encode"] = {"enter": {
+
+        "opacity": {"value": ax.properties()['images'][counter].properties()['alpha']}
+    }}
+    return image_object
+# def plotting_tree_dict_to_marks(plotting_tree_dict):
+#     out = [] # caller will set { ..., "marks": out }
+#     for pl_call_id, pl_call_params in plotting_tree_dict.items():
+#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_images"):
+#             for channel_index in pl_call_params["channel"]:
+#                 out.append({
+#                   "type": "raster_image",
+#                   "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
+#                   "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
+#                   "encode": {
+#                       "opacity": { "value": pl_call_params.get("alpha") },
+#                       "color": {"scale": get_scale_name(pl_call_params), "field": channel_index }
+#                   }
+#                 })
+#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_shapes"):
+#             out.append({
+#                 "type": "shape",
+#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
+#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
+#                 "encode": {
+#                     "fillOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("fill_alpha")},
+#                     "fillColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
+#                     "strokeWidth": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_width")},
+#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree # TODO: what are the units?
+#                     "strokeColor": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_color")},
+#                     "strokeOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_alpha")},
+#                 }
+#             })
+#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_points"):
+#             out.append({
+#                 "type": "point",
+#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
+#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
+#                 "encode": {
+#                     "opacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("alpha")},
+#                     "color": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
+#                     "size": {"value": pl_call_params.get("size")},
+#                 }
+#             })
+#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_labels"):
+#             out.append({
+#                 "type": "raster_labels",
+#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
+#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
+#                 "encode": {
+#                     "opacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("alpha")},
+#                     "fillColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
+#                     "strokeColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
+#                     "strokeWidth": {"value": pl_call_params.get("contour_px")},
+#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
+#                     "strokeOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_alpha")},
+#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
+#                     "fillOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("fill_alpha")},
+#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
+#                 }
+#             })
 
 
-def _create_data_configs(plotting_tree: OrderedDict[str, Params], cs: str, sdata_path: str):
+def _create_data_configs(plotting_tree: OrderedDict[str, Params], ax, cs: str, sdata_path: str):
     """Create the vega json array value to the data key.
 
     The data array in the SpatialData vegalike viewconfig consists out of
@@ -178,7 +255,8 @@ def _create_data_configs(plotting_tree: OrderedDict[str, Params], cs: str, sdata
     base_block = _create_base_level_sdata_block(url)
     data.append(base_block)
     for call, params in plotting_tree.items():
-        data.append(_create_derived_data_block(call, params, base_block["name"], cs))
+        data_object, marks_object = _create_derived_data_block(ax, call, params, base_block["name"], cs)
+        data.append(data_object)
 
     return data
 
@@ -272,80 +350,24 @@ def _create_axis_block(ax, axis_scales_block, dpi):
         axis_array.append(axis_config)
     return axis_array
 
-# def plotting_tree_dict_to_marks(plotting_tree_dict):
-#     out = [] # caller will set { ..., "marks": out }
-#     for pl_call_id, pl_call_params in plotting_tree_dict.items():
-#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_images"):
-#             for channel_index in pl_call_params["channel"]:
-#                 out.append({
-#                   "type": "raster_image",
-#                   "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
-#                   "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
-#                   "encode": {
-#                       "opacity": { "value": pl_call_params.get("alpha") },
-#                       "color": {"scale": get_scale_name(pl_call_params), "field": channel_index }
-#                   }
-#                 })
-#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_shapes"):
-#             out.append({
-#                 "type": "shape",
-#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
-#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
-#                 "encode": {
-#                     "fillOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("fill_alpha")},
-#                     "fillColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
-#                     "strokeWidth": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_width")},
-#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree # TODO: what are the units?
-#                     "strokeColor": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_color")},
-#                     "strokeOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_alpha")},
-#                 }
-#             })
-#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_points"):
-#             out.append({
-#                 "type": "point",
-#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
-#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
-#                 "encode": {
-#                     "opacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("alpha")},
-#                     "color": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
-#                     "size": {"value": pl_call_params.get("size")},
-#                 }
-#             })
-#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_labels"):
-#             out.append({
-#                 "type": "raster_labels",
-#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
-#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
-#                 "encode": {
-#                     "opacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("alpha")},
-#                     "fillColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
-#                     "strokeColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
-#                     "strokeWidth": {"value": pl_call_params.get("contour_px")},
-#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
-#                     "strokeOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_alpha")},
-#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
-#                     "fillOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("fill_alpha")},
-#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
-#                 }
-#             })
 
 def create_viewconfig(sdata, fig_params, legend_params, cs):
     fig = fig_params.fig
     ax = fig_params.ax
-    data_block = _create_data_configs(sdata.plotting_tree, cs, sdata._path)
+    data_block = _create_data_configs(sdata.plotting_tree, ax, cs, sdata._path)
 
     axis_scales_block = _create_axis_scale_block(ax)
     axis_array = _create_axis_block(ax, axis_scales_block, fig.dpi)
 
-    viewconfig = {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": fig.get_figheight() * fig.dpi, # matplotlib uses inches, but vega uses absolute pixels
-        "width": fig.get_figwidth() * fig.dpi,
-        "padding": _create_padding_object(fig),
-        "title": _create_title_config(ax, fig),
-        "data": data_block,
-        "scales": axis_scales_block,
-        "axes": axis_array,
+    # TODO: check why attrs does not respect ordereddict when writing sdata
+    viewconfig = OrderedDict()
+    viewconfig["$schema"] = "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    viewconfig["height"] = fig.get_figheight() * fig.dpi # matplotlib uses inches, but vega uses absolute pixels
+    viewconfig["width"] = fig.get_figwidth() * fig.dpi
+    viewconfig["padding"] = _create_padding_object(fig)
+    viewconfig["title"] = _create_title_config(ax, fig)
+    viewconfig["data"] = data_block
+    viewconfig["scales"] = axis_scales_block
+    viewconfig["axes"] = axis_array
 
-    }
     print()

From 97af1250bf0ef3f2bacbba0bb601c6211f8c6372 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 23:21:39 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 07/56] remove percentiles_for_norm

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
index b44175c3..79858cd9 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
@@ -122,7 +122,6 @@ class ImageRenderParams:
     channel: list[str] | list[int] | int | str | None = None
     palette: ListedColormap | list[str] | None = None
     alpha: float = 1.0
-    percentiles_for_norm: tuple[float | None, float | None] = (None, None)
     scale: str | None = None
     zorder: int = 0
 

From 9520a936f6fce6693dd61d4cad3d3f35706a398d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 23:38:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 08/56] finalize basic config image

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py | 212 ++++++++++++++++---------
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py       |   6 +-
 2 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 81 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index dfd1a9dc..2e291436 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import re
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from enum import Enum
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@
 from matplotlib.figure import Figure
 
 from spatialdata_plot.pl.render_params import (
+    CmapParams,
     FigParams,
     ImageRenderParams,
     LabelsRenderParams,
@@ -99,6 +101,25 @@ def _create_padding_object(fig: Figure) -> dict[str, float]:
     }
 
 
+def _create_colorscale_image(cmap_params: CmapParams) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    cmap = cmap_params.cmap
+    if isinstance(cmap, mcolors.ListedColormap):
+        type_scale = "ordinal"
+        if cmap.name == "from_list":  # default name when cmap is custom.
+            pass
+        else:
+            color_range = {"scheme": cmap.name, "count": cmap.N}
+
+    return {
+        "name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}",
+        "type": type_scale,
+        # The domain in matplotlib seems to be 0-1 always for images, but for example for napari should be
+        # interpreted as relative
+        "domain": [0, 1],
+        "range": color_range,
+    }
+
+
 def _create_base_level_sdata_block(url: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Create the vega json object for the SpatialData zarr store.
 
@@ -117,8 +138,8 @@ def _create_base_level_sdata_block(url: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
 
 
 def _create_derived_data_block(
-    ax: Axes, call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: str, cs: str
-) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any]]:
+    ax: Axes, call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: str, cs: str, call_count: int
+) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any]]:
     """Create vega like data object for SpatialData elements.
 
     Each object for a SpatialData element contains an additional transform that
@@ -140,15 +161,14 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
         The name of the coordinate system in which the SpatialData element was plotted.
     """
     data_object: dict[str, Any] = {}
-    img_counter = 0
+    marks_object: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    color_scale_object: dict[str, Any] = {}
 
     data_object["name"] = params.element + "_" + str(uuid4())
 
     # TODO: think about versioning of individual spatialdata elements
     if "render_images" in call and isinstance(params, ImageRenderParams):
         data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_image", "version": 0.1}
-        marks_object = _create_raster_image_marks_object(ax, call, params, data_object["name"], img_counter)
-        img_counter += 1
     elif "render_labels" in call:
         data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_label", "version": 0.1}
         marks_object = {"a": 5}
@@ -164,87 +184,54 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
     data_object["source"] = base_uuid
     data_object["transform"] = [{"type": "filter_element", "expr": params.element}, {"type": "filter_cs", "expr": cs}]
 
-    # TODO: complete this part
     if "render_images" in call and isinstance(params, ImageRenderParams):  # second part to shut up mypy
         multiscale = "full" if not params.scale else params.scale
         data_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_scale", "expr": multiscale})
         data_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_channel", "expr": params.channel})
-    return data_object, marks_object
+        # Use isinstance because of possible 0 value
+        if isinstance(vmin := params.cmap_params.norm.vmin, float) and isinstance(
+            vmax := params.cmap_params.norm.vmax, float
+        ):
+
+            if params.cmap_params.norm.clip:
+                formula = f"clamp((datum.value - {vmin}) / ({vmax} - {vmin}), 0, 1)"
+            else:
+                formula = f"(datum.value - {vmin}) / ({vmax} - {vmin})"
+            data_object["transform"].append({"type": "formula", "expr": formula, "as": str(uuid4())})
+
+        color_scale_object = _create_colorscale_image(params.cmap_params)
+
+        marks_object = _create_raster_image_marks_object(
+            ax, call, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_object["name"]
+        )
+    return data_object, marks_object, color_scale_object
 
 
 def _create_raster_image_marks_object(
-    ax: Axes, call: str, params: ImageRenderParams, element_uuid: str, counter: int
+    ax: Axes, call: str, params: ImageRenderParams, data_object: dict[str, Any], call_count: int, scale_id: str
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
 
     return {
         "type": "raster_image",
-        "from": {"data": element_uuid},
-        "zindex": ax.properties()["images"][counter].zorder,
-        "encode": {"enter": {"opacity": {"value": ax.properties()["images"][counter].properties()["alpha"]}}},
+        "from": {"data": data_object["name"]},
+        "zindex": ax.properties()["images"][call_count].zorder,
+        "encode": {
+            "enter": {
+                "opacity": {"value": ax.properties()["images"][call_count].properties()["alpha"]},
+                "fill": [{"scale": scale_id, "value": "intensity_value"}],
+            }
+        },
     }
 
 
-# def plotting_tree_dict_to_marks(plotting_tree_dict):
-#     out = [] # caller will set { ..., "marks": out }
-#     for pl_call_id, pl_call_params in plotting_tree_dict.items():
-#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_images"):
-#             for channel_index in pl_call_params["channel"]:
-#                 out.append({
-#                   "type": "raster_image",
-#                   "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
-#                   "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
-#                   "encode": {
-#                       "opacity": { "value": pl_call_params.get("alpha") },
-#                       "color": {"scale": get_scale_name(pl_call_params), "field": channel_index }
-#                   }
-#                 })
-#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_shapes"):
-#             out.append({
-#                 "type": "shape",
-#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
-#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
-#                 "encode": {
-#                     "fillOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("fill_alpha")},
-#                     "fillColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
-#                     "strokeWidth": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_width")},
-#                   # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree # TODO: what are the units?
-#                     "strokeColor": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_color")},
-#                     "strokeOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_alpha")},
-#                 }
-#             })
-#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_points"):
-#             out.append({
-#                 "type": "point",
-#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
-#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
-#                 "encode": {
-#                     "opacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("alpha")},
-#                     "color": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
-#                     "size": {"value": pl_call_params.get("size")},
-#                 }
-#             })
-#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_labels"):
-#             out.append({
-#                 "type": "raster_labels",
-#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
-#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
-#                 "encode": {
-#                     "opacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("alpha")},
-#                     "fillColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
-#                     "strokeColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
-#                     "strokeWidth": {"value": pl_call_params.get("contour_px")},
-#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
-#                     "strokeOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_alpha")},
-#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
-#                     "fillOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("fill_alpha")},
-#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
-#                 }
-#             })
+def strip_call(s: str) -> str:
+    """Strip leading digit and underscore from call."""
+    return re.sub(r"^\d+_", "", s)
 
 
 def _create_data_configs(
     plotting_tree: OrderedDict[str, Params], ax: Axes, cs: str, sdata_path: str
-) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
     """Create the vega json array value to the data key.
 
     The data array in the SpatialData vegalike viewconfig consists out of
@@ -262,19 +249,29 @@ def _create_data_configs(
     sdata_path: str
         The location of the SpatialData zarr store.
     """
-    data = []
+    data_array = []
+    marks_array = []
+    color_scale_array = []
     url = str(Path("sdata.zarr"))
 
     if sdata_path:
         url = sdata_path
 
     base_block = _create_base_level_sdata_block(url)
-    data.append(base_block)
+    data_array.append(base_block)
+
+    counters = {"render_images": 0, "render_labels": 0, "render_points": 0, "render_shapes": 0}
     for call, params in plotting_tree.items():
-        data_object, marks_object = _create_derived_data_block(ax, call, params, base_block["name"], cs)
-        data.append(data_object)
+        call = strip_call(call)
+        data_object, marks_object, color_scale_object = _create_derived_data_block(
+            ax, call, params, base_block["name"], cs, counters[call]
+        )
+        data_array.append(data_object)
+        marks_array.append(marks_object)
+        color_scale_array.append(color_scale_object)
+        counters[call] += 1
 
-    return data
+    return data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array
 
 
 def _create_title_config(ax: Axes, fig: Figure) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -373,10 +370,10 @@ def _create_axis_block(ax: Axes, axis_scales_block: list[dict[str, Any]], dpi: f
 def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, legend_params: Any, cs: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     fig = fig_params.fig
     ax = fig_params.ax
-    data_block = _create_data_configs(sdata.plotting_tree, ax, cs, sdata._path)
+    data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array = _create_data_configs(sdata.plotting_tree, ax, cs, sdata._path)
 
-    axis_scales_block = _create_axis_scale_block(ax)
-    axis_array = _create_axis_block(ax, axis_scales_block, fig.dpi)
+    scales_array = _create_axis_scale_block(ax)
+    axis_array = _create_axis_block(ax, scales_array, fig.dpi)
 
     # TODO: check why attrs does not respect ordereddict when writing sdata
     return {
@@ -385,7 +382,66 @@ def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, legend_params:
         "width": fig.get_figwidth() * fig.dpi,
         "padding": _create_padding_object(fig),
         "title": _create_title_config(ax, fig),
-        "data": data_block,
-        "scales": axis_scales_block,
+        "data": data_array,
+        "scales": axis_array + color_scale_array,
         "axes": axis_array,
+        "marks": marks_array,
     }
+
+
+# def plotting_tree_dict_to_marks(plotting_tree_dict):
+#     out = [] # caller will set { ..., "marks": out }
+#     for pl_call_id, pl_call_params in plotting_tree_dict.items():
+#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_images"):
+#             for channel_index in pl_call_params["channel"]:
+#                 out.append({
+#                   "type": "raster_image",
+#                   "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
+#                   "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
+#                   "encode": {
+#                       "opacity": { "value": pl_call_params.get("alpha") },
+#                       "color": {"scale": get_scale_name(pl_call_params), "field": channel_index }
+#                   }
+#                 })
+#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_shapes"):
+#             out.append({
+#                 "type": "shape",
+#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
+#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
+#                 "encode": {
+#                     "fillOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("fill_alpha")},
+#                     "fillColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
+#                     "strokeWidth": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_width")},
+#                   # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree # TODO: what are the units?
+#                     "strokeColor": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_color")},
+#                     "strokeOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_alpha")},
+#                 }
+#             })
+#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_points"):
+#             out.append({
+#                 "type": "point",
+#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
+#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
+#                 "encode": {
+#                     "opacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("alpha")},
+#                     "color": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
+#                     "size": {"value": pl_call_params.get("size")},
+#                 }
+#             })
+#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_labels"):
+#             out.append({
+#                 "type": "raster_labels",
+#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
+#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
+#                 "encode": {
+#                     "opacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("alpha")},
+#                     "fillColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
+#                     "strokeColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
+#                     "strokeWidth": {"value": pl_call_params.get("contour_px")},
+#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
+#                     "strokeOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_alpha")},
+#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
+#                     "fillOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("fill_alpha")},
+#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
+#                 }
+#             })
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
index 704a270e..7e7f0f8b 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
@@ -1076,9 +1076,6 @@ def show(
                 ax.set_xlim(x_min, x_max)
                 ax.set_ylim(y_max, y_min)  # (0, 0) is top-left
 
-        if fig_params.fig is not None and save is not None:
-            save_fig(fig_params.fig, path=save)
-
         def get_current_ax_uuid(ax: Axes) -> str:
             return str(uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, str(id(ax))))
 
@@ -1106,6 +1103,9 @@ def _concat_viewconfig(
             with open(store_viewconfig_to_disk, "w") as outfile:
                 json.dump(viewconfig, outfile)
 
+        if fig_params.fig is not None and save is not None:
+            save_fig(fig_params.fig, path=save)
+
         # Manually show plot if we're not in interactive mode
         # https://stackoverflow.com/a/64523765
         if not hasattr(sys, "ps1"):

From d0e0044d7e63b16c91aeb9ba638ea8c323f35359 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2025 09:44:42 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 09/56] move json dump before compare

---
 tests/conftest.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 74c57fed..acf8099d 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -422,7 +422,6 @@ def save_and_compare(self, *args, **kwargs):
             old_config = spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_IN_ATTRS
             spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_IN_ATTRS = True
         fn(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        self.compare(fig_name)
 
         if sdata is not None:
             spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_IN_ATTRS = old_config
@@ -439,6 +438,8 @@ def save_and_compare(self, *args, **kwargs):
             f"No viewconfig found in {keys_to_check} object. Skipping viewconfig generation.", UserWarning, stacklevel=2
         )
 
+        self.compare(fig_name)
+
     if not callable(fn):
         raise TypeError(f"Expected a `callable` for class `{clsname}`, found `{type(fn).__name__}`.")
 

From 6c4d66a90a7f3515924b2efd50d08943b2056421 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2025 15:27:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 10/56] adjust to capture palette in viewconfig

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py  | 5 ++++-
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py | 6 ++++++
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
index 7e7f0f8b..6490ad3e 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
@@ -953,7 +953,9 @@ def show(
             wants_shapes = False
             wanted_elements: list[str] = []
 
-            for cmd, params in render_cmds:
+            for prefix, cmd_params in enumerate(render_cmds):
+                cmd, params = cmd_params
+                prefix += 1
                 # We create a copy here as the wanted elements can change from one cs to another.
                 params_copy = deepcopy(params)
                 if cmd == "render_images" and has_images:
@@ -976,6 +978,7 @@ def show(
                             scalebar_params=scalebar_params,
                             legend_params=legend_params,
                             rasterize=rasterize,
+                            render_count=prefix,
                         )
 
                 elif cmd == "render_shapes" and has_shapes:
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
index 5bafe7a8..0c4bc08e 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
@@ -722,6 +722,7 @@ def _render_images(
     scalebar_params: ScalebarParams,
     legend_params: LegendParams,
     rasterize: bool,
+    render_count: int,
 ) -> None:
 
     sdata_filt = sdata.filter_by_coordinate_system(
@@ -794,6 +795,9 @@ def _render_images(
         cmap._init()
         cmap._lut[:, -1] = render_params.alpha
 
+        # Required for viewconfig
+        sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_images"].cmap_params.cmap = cmap
+
         _ax_show_and_transform(layer, trans_data, ax, cmap=cmap, zorder=render_params.zorder)
 
         if legend_params.colorbar:
@@ -854,6 +858,8 @@ def _render_images(
                 raise ValueError("If 'palette' is provided, its length must match the number of channels.")
 
             channel_cmaps = [_get_linear_colormap([c], "k")[0] for c in palette if isinstance(c, str)]
+
+            sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_images"].cmap_params.cmap = channel_cmaps
             colored = np.stack([channel_cmaps[i](layers[c]) for i, c in enumerate(channels)], 0).sum(0)
             colored = colored[:, :, :3]
 

From f723c70f715b08c0a9bfcafffce0c19cc17c092f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2025 15:30:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 11/56] complete viewconfig for images

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py | 91 ++++++++++++++++----------
 tests/pl/test_render_images.py         |  4 ++
 2 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index 2e291436..dc818e57 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -101,23 +101,36 @@ def _create_padding_object(fig: Figure) -> dict[str, float]:
     }
 
 
-def _create_colorscale_image(cmap_params: CmapParams) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    cmap = cmap_params.cmap
-    if isinstance(cmap, mcolors.ListedColormap):
-        type_scale = "ordinal"
-        if cmap.name == "from_list":  # default name when cmap is custom.
-            pass
-        else:
-            color_range = {"scheme": cmap.name, "count": cmap.N}
+def _create_colorscale_image(cmap_params: CmapParams) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], float]:
+    cmaps = [cmap_params.cmap] if not isinstance(cmap_params, list) else [param.cmap for param in cmap_params]
+    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    for cmap in cmaps:
+        if isinstance(cmap, mcolors.ListedColormap):
+            type_scale = "ordinal"
+            if cmap.name == "from_list":  # default name when cmap is custom.
+                # TODO: complete this for all types of cmaps
+                pass
+            else:
+                color_range = {"scheme": cmap.name, "count": cmap.N}
+        elif isinstance(cmap, mcolors.LinearSegmentedColormap):
+            # image_alpha = cmap._lut[0][-1]
+            type_scale = "linear"
+            if cmap.name == "custom_colormap":
+                pass
+            else:
+                color_range = {"scheme": cmap.name, "count": cmap.N}
+        color_scale_object = {
+            "name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}",
+            "type": type_scale,
+            # The domain in matplotlib seems to be 0-1 always for images, but for example for napari should be
+            # interpreted as relative
+            "domain": [0, 1],
+            "range": color_range,
+        }
 
-    return {
-        "name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}",
-        "type": type_scale,
-        # The domain in matplotlib seems to be 0-1 always for images, but for example for napari should be
-        # interpreted as relative
-        "domain": [0, 1],
-        "range": color_range,
-    }
+        color_scale_array.append(color_scale_object)
+
+    return color_scale_array
 
 
 def _create_base_level_sdata_block(url: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -139,7 +152,7 @@ def _create_base_level_sdata_block(url: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
 
 def _create_derived_data_block(
     ax: Axes, call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: str, cs: str, call_count: int
-) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any]]:
+) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
     """Create vega like data object for SpatialData elements.
 
     Each object for a SpatialData element contains an additional transform that
@@ -162,7 +175,7 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
     """
     data_object: dict[str, Any] = {}
     marks_object: dict[str, Any] = {}
-    color_scale_object: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
 
     data_object["name"] = params.element + "_" + str(uuid4())
 
@@ -189,27 +202,37 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
         data_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_scale", "expr": multiscale})
         data_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_channel", "expr": params.channel})
         # Use isinstance because of possible 0 value
-        if isinstance(vmin := params.cmap_params.norm.vmin, float) and isinstance(
-            vmax := params.cmap_params.norm.vmax, float
-        ):
+        norm = params.cmap_params.norm if not isinstance(params.cmap_params, list) else params.cmap_params[0].norm
+        if isinstance(vmin := norm.vmin, float) and isinstance(vmax := norm.vmax, float):
 
-            if params.cmap_params.norm.clip:
+            if norm.clip:
                 formula = f"clamp((datum.value - {vmin}) / ({vmax} - {vmin}), 0, 1)"
             else:
                 formula = f"(datum.value - {vmin}) / ({vmax} - {vmin})"
             data_object["transform"].append({"type": "formula", "expr": formula, "as": str(uuid4())})
 
-        color_scale_object = _create_colorscale_image(params.cmap_params)
+        color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_image(params.cmap_params)
 
-        marks_object = _create_raster_image_marks_object(
-            ax, call, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_object["name"]
-        )
-    return data_object, marks_object, color_scale_object
+        marks_object = _create_raster_image_marks_object(ax, call, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
+    return data_object, marks_object, color_scale_array
 
 
 def _create_raster_image_marks_object(
-    ax: Axes, call: str, params: ImageRenderParams, data_object: dict[str, Any], call_count: int, scale_id: str
+    ax: Axes,
+    call: str,
+    params: ImageRenderParams,
+    data_object: dict[str, Any],
+    call_count: int,
+    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]],
+    # image_alpha : float
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    if len(color_scale_array) == 1:
+        fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": "intensity_value"}]
+    else:
+        fill_color = [
+            {"scale": color_scale["name"], "field": f"channel_{index}"}
+            for index, color_scale in enumerate(color_scale_array)
+        ]
 
     return {
         "type": "raster_image",
@@ -217,8 +240,8 @@ def _create_raster_image_marks_object(
         "zindex": ax.properties()["images"][call_count].zorder,
         "encode": {
             "enter": {
-                "opacity": {"value": ax.properties()["images"][call_count].properties()["alpha"]},
-                "fill": [{"scale": scale_id, "value": "intensity_value"}],
+                "opacity": {"value": params.alpha},
+                "fill": fill_color,
             }
         },
     }
@@ -251,7 +274,7 @@ def _create_data_configs(
     """
     data_array = []
     marks_array = []
-    color_scale_array = []
+    color_scale_array_full = []
     url = str(Path("sdata.zarr"))
 
     if sdata_path:
@@ -263,15 +286,15 @@ def _create_data_configs(
     counters = {"render_images": 0, "render_labels": 0, "render_points": 0, "render_shapes": 0}
     for call, params in plotting_tree.items():
         call = strip_call(call)
-        data_object, marks_object, color_scale_object = _create_derived_data_block(
+        data_object, marks_object, color_scale_array = _create_derived_data_block(
             ax, call, params, base_block["name"], cs, counters[call]
         )
         data_array.append(data_object)
         marks_array.append(marks_object)
-        color_scale_array.append(color_scale_object)
+        color_scale_array_full += color_scale_array
         counters[call] += 1
 
-    return data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array
+    return data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array_full
 
 
 def _create_title_config(ax: Axes, fig: Figure) -> dict[str, Any]:
diff --git a/tests/pl/test_render_images.py b/tests/pl/test_render_images.py
index c4e43977..a319fa9a 100644
--- a/tests/pl/test_render_images.py
+++ b/tests/pl/test_render_images.py
@@ -70,6 +70,10 @@ def test_plot_can_pass_normalize_clip_True(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
         norm = Normalize(vmin=0, vmax=0.4, clip=True)
         sdata_blobs.pl.render_images(element="blobs_image", channel=0, norm=norm).pl.show()
 
+    def test_plot_can_pass_normalize_clip_true_list_cmap(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
+        norm = Normalize(vmin=0, vmax=0.4, clip=True)
+        sdata_blobs.pl.render_images(element="blobs_image", cmap=["seismic", "Reds", "Blues"], norm=norm).pl.show()
+
     def test_plot_can_pass_normalize_clip_False(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
         norm = Normalize(vmin=0, vmax=0.4, clip=False)
         sdata_blobs.pl.render_images(element="blobs_image", channel=0, norm=norm).pl.show()

From c2488e604cba5cde86b1f17b7f9abff209452a6d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 18:49:09 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 12/56] finalize image config with colorbar legend

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py | 147 ++++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 133 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index dc818e57..47591ef0 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -101,19 +101,51 @@ def _create_padding_object(fig: Figure) -> dict[str, float]:
     }
 
 
+def _get_colorbar_orient(ax, cbar):
+    """
+    Determine the Vega legend orientation based on the position of a Matplotlib colorbar relative to the main plot.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ax: matplotlib.axes.Axes
+        The main plot axes containing the actual plotted data.
+    cbar : Colorbar
+        The matplotlib colorbar object.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    str
+        Vega `legend.orient` value ('top', 'bottom', 'left', 'right', or 'overlapping').
+    """
+    main_bbox = ax.get_position()  # Main plot bounding box
+    cbar_bbox = cbar.ax.get_position()  # Colorbar bounding box
+
+    if cbar_bbox.y1 <= main_bbox.y0:
+        return "bottom"  # Colorbar is below
+    if cbar_bbox.y0 >= main_bbox.y1:
+        return "top"  # Colorbar is above
+    if cbar_bbox.x1 <= main_bbox.x0:
+        return "left"  # Colorbar is to the left
+    if cbar_bbox.x0 >= main_bbox.x1:
+        return "right"  # Colorbar is to the right
+
+    return "overlapping"  # Unusual case
+
+
 def _create_colorscale_image(cmap_params: CmapParams) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], float]:
     cmaps = [cmap_params.cmap] if not isinstance(cmap_params, list) else [param.cmap for param in cmap_params]
+    cmaps = cmaps[0] if isinstance(cmaps[0], list) else cmaps  # Happens if palette is specified as list of strings
     color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
     for cmap in cmaps:
+        # TODO: check why listedcolormap is only passed on when we specify channel.
         if isinstance(cmap, mcolors.ListedColormap):
-            type_scale = "ordinal"
+            type_scale = "linear"
             if cmap.name == "from_list":  # default name when cmap is custom.
                 # TODO: complete this for all types of cmaps
                 pass
             else:
                 color_range = {"scheme": cmap.name, "count": cmap.N}
         elif isinstance(cmap, mcolors.LinearSegmentedColormap):
-            # image_alpha = cmap._lut[0][-1]
             type_scale = "linear"
             if cmap.name == "custom_colormap":
                 pass
@@ -150,8 +182,84 @@ def _create_base_level_sdata_block(url: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     }
 
 
+def _create_legend_title_config(title_obj, dpi):
+    title_props = title_obj.properties()
+    return {
+        "title": title_props["text"],
+        "titleOrient": "top",
+        "titleAlign": title_props["horizontalalignment"],
+        "titleBaseline": title_props["verticalalignment"],
+        "titleColor": title_props["color"],
+        "titleFont": title_props["fontname"],
+        "titleFontSize": (title_props["fontsize"] * dpi) / 72,
+        "titleFontStyle": title_props["fontstyle"],
+        "titleFontWeight": title_props["fontweight"],
+    }
+
+
+def _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array):
+    legend_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    axes = fig.get_axes()
+    for col_config in color_scale_array:
+        cbar = None
+        for ax in axes:
+            cbar = getattr(ax.properties()["axes_locator"], "_cbar") if ax.properties()["axes_locator"] else None
+            if not cbar:
+                continue
+            if cbar.cmap.name != col_config["range"]["scheme"]:
+                cbar = None
+                continue
+            break
+
+        if not cbar:
+            continue
+
+        axis_props = cbar.ax.properties()
+        if cbar.orientation == "vertical":
+            gradient_length = cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[-1] * fig.get_figheight() * fig.dpi
+            label = axis_props["yticklabels"][0].properties()
+        else:
+            gradient_length = cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[-2] * fig.get_figwidth() * fig.dpi
+            label = axis_props["xticklabels"][0].properties()
+        if col_config["type"] == "linear":
+            legend_type = "gradient"
+        spine_outline = cbar.outline.properties()  # outline of the colorbar lining
+
+        stroke_color = mcolors.to_hex(spine_outline["facecolor"]) if spine_outline["facecolor"][-1] > 0 else None
+        legend_title_object = _create_legend_title_config(cbar.ax.title, fig.dpi)
+        # TODO: do we require padding? it is not obvious to get from matplotlib
+        legend_object = {
+            "type": legend_type,
+            "direction": cbar.orientation,
+            "orient": "none",  # Required in vega in order to use the x and y position
+            "fill": color_scale_array[0]["name"],
+            "fillColor": mcolors.to_hex(cbar.ax.get_facecolor()),
+            "gradientLength": gradient_length,
+            "gradientOpacity": cbar.cmap._lut[-0][-1],
+            "gradientThickness": (cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[2] * fig.dpi) / 72,
+            "gradientStrokeColor": stroke_color,
+            "gradientStrokeWidth": (spine_outline["linewidth"] * fig.dpi) / 72 if stroke_color else None,
+            "values": list(cbar.ax.get_yticks()),
+            "labelAlign": label["horizontalalignment"],
+            "labelColor": mcolors.to_hex(label["color"]),
+            "labelFont": label["fontname"],
+            "labelFontSize": (label["fontsize"] * fig.dpi) / 72,
+            "labelFontStyle": label["fontstyle"],
+            "labelFontWeight": label["fontweight"],
+            "legendX": cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[0] * fig.get_figwidth() * fig.dpi,
+            "legendY": (1 - (cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[1] + cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[-1]))
+            * fig.get_figheight()
+            * fig.dpi,
+            "zindex": axis_props["zorder"],
+        }
+        if legend_title_object["title"] != "":
+            legend_object.update(legend_title_object)
+        legend_array.append(legend_object)
+    return legend_array
+
+
 def _create_derived_data_block(
-    ax: Axes, call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: str, cs: str, call_count: int
+    fig, ax: Axes, call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: str, cs: str, call_count: int
 ) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
     """Create vega like data object for SpatialData elements.
 
@@ -176,6 +284,7 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
     data_object: dict[str, Any] = {}
     marks_object: dict[str, Any] = {}
     color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    legend_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
 
     data_object["name"] = params.element + "_" + str(uuid4())
 
@@ -212,9 +321,9 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
             data_object["transform"].append({"type": "formula", "expr": formula, "as": str(uuid4())})
 
         color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_image(params.cmap_params)
-
+        legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array)
         marks_object = _create_raster_image_marks_object(ax, call, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
-    return data_object, marks_object, color_scale_array
+    return data_object, marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array
 
 
 def _create_raster_image_marks_object(
@@ -253,7 +362,7 @@ def strip_call(s: str) -> str:
 
 
 def _create_data_configs(
-    plotting_tree: OrderedDict[str, Params], ax: Axes, cs: str, sdata_path: str
+    plotting_tree: OrderedDict[str, Params], fig, ax: Axes, cs: str, sdata_path: str
 ) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
     """Create the vega json array value to the data key.
 
@@ -275,6 +384,7 @@ def _create_data_configs(
     data_array = []
     marks_array = []
     color_scale_array_full = []
+    legend_array_full = []
     url = str(Path("sdata.zarr"))
 
     if sdata_path:
@@ -286,15 +396,16 @@ def _create_data_configs(
     counters = {"render_images": 0, "render_labels": 0, "render_points": 0, "render_shapes": 0}
     for call, params in plotting_tree.items():
         call = strip_call(call)
-        data_object, marks_object, color_scale_array = _create_derived_data_block(
-            ax, call, params, base_block["name"], cs, counters[call]
+        data_object, marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array = _create_derived_data_block(
+            fig, ax, call, params, base_block["name"], cs, counters[call]
         )
         data_array.append(data_object)
         marks_array.append(marks_object)
         color_scale_array_full += color_scale_array
+        legend_array_full += legend_array
         counters[call] += 1
 
-    return data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array_full
+    return data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array_full, legend_array_full
 
 
 def _create_title_config(ax: Axes, fig: Figure) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -393,24 +504,32 @@ def _create_axis_block(ax: Axes, axis_scales_block: list[dict[str, Any]], dpi: f
 def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, legend_params: Any, cs: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     fig = fig_params.fig
     ax = fig_params.ax
-    data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array = _create_data_configs(sdata.plotting_tree, ax, cs, sdata._path)
+    data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array, legend_array = _create_data_configs(
+        sdata.plotting_tree, fig, ax, cs, sdata._path
+    )
 
     scales_array = _create_axis_scale_block(ax)
     axis_array = _create_axis_block(ax, scales_array, fig.dpi)
 
+    scales = axis_array + color_scale_array if len(color_scale_array) > 0 else axis_array
     # TODO: check why attrs does not respect ordereddict when writing sdata
-    return {
+    viewconfig = {
         "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
         "height": fig.get_figheight() * fig.dpi,  # matplotlib uses inches, but vega uses absolute pixels
         "width": fig.get_figwidth() * fig.dpi,
         "padding": _create_padding_object(fig),
         "title": _create_title_config(ax, fig),
         "data": data_array,
-        "scales": axis_array + color_scale_array,
-        "axes": axis_array,
-        "marks": marks_array,
+        "scales": scales,
     }
 
+    viewconfig["axes"] = axis_array
+    if len(legend_array) > 0:
+        viewconfig["legend"] = legend_array
+    viewconfig["marks"] = marks_array
+
+    return viewconfig
+
 
 # def plotting_tree_dict_to_marks(plotting_tree_dict):
 #     out = [] # caller will set { ..., "marks": out }

From 73a5778fef1179188a86a43932bd2c6cc226c9db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 23:23:47 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 13/56] add table lookup to config

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index 47591ef0..94f6f95d 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
-from collections import OrderedDict
 from enum import Enum
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
@@ -11,6 +10,7 @@
 import spatialdata
 from matplotlib.axes import Axes
 from matplotlib.figure import Figure
+from spatialdata.models import get_table_keys
 
 from spatialdata_plot.pl.render_params import (
     CmapParams,
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ def _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array):
     for col_config in color_scale_array:
         cbar = None
         for ax in axes:
-            cbar = getattr(ax.properties()["axes_locator"], "_cbar") if ax.properties()["axes_locator"] else None
+            cbar = getattr(ax.properties()["axes_locator"], "_cbar", None) if ax.properties()["axes_locator"] else None
             if not cbar:
                 continue
             if cbar.cmap.name != col_config["range"]["scheme"]:
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ def _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array):
 
 
 def _create_derived_data_block(
-    fig, ax: Axes, call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: str, cs: str, call_count: int
+    sdata, fig, ax: Axes, call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: str, cs: str, call_count: int, table_id=None
 ) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
     """Create vega like data object for SpatialData elements.
 
@@ -322,13 +322,26 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
 
         color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_image(params.cmap_params)
         legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array)
-        marks_object = _create_raster_image_marks_object(ax, call, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
+        marks_object = _create_raster_image_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
+    if "render_labels" in call and isinstance(params, LabelsRenderParams):
+        data_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_scale", "expr": params.scale})
+    if table_id:
+        _, _, instance_key = get_table_keys(sdata[params.table_name])
+        data_object["transform"].append(
+            {
+                "type": "lookup",
+                "from": table_id,
+                "key": instance_key,
+                "fields": [params.color],
+                "as": ["id_color_map"],
+                "default": None,
+            }
+        )
     return data_object, marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array
 
 
 def _create_raster_image_marks_object(
     ax: Axes,
-    call: str,
     params: ImageRenderParams,
     data_object: dict[str, Any],
     call_count: int,
@@ -361,8 +374,17 @@ def strip_call(s: str) -> str:
     return re.sub(r"^\d+_", "", s)
 
 
+def _create_table_data_object(table_name, base_uuid):
+    return {
+        "name": str(uuid4()),
+        "format": {"type": "spatialdata_table", "version": 0.1},
+        "source": base_uuid,
+        "transform": [{"type": "filter_element", "expr": table_name}],
+    }
+
+
 def _create_data_configs(
-    plotting_tree: OrderedDict[str, Params], fig, ax: Axes, cs: str, sdata_path: str
+    sdata: SpatialData, fig, ax: Axes, cs: str, sdata_path: str
 ) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
     """Create the vega json array value to the data key.
 
@@ -394,11 +416,16 @@ def _create_data_configs(
     data_array.append(base_block)
 
     counters = {"render_images": 0, "render_labels": 0, "render_points": 0, "render_shapes": 0}
-    for call, params in plotting_tree.items():
+    for call, params in sdata.plotting_tree.items():
         call = strip_call(call)
+        table_id = None
+        if table := getattr(params, "table_name", None):
+            data_array.append(_create_table_data_object(table, base_block["name"]))
+            table_id = data_array[-1]["name"]
         data_object, marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array = _create_derived_data_block(
-            fig, ax, call, params, base_block["name"], cs, counters[call]
+            sdata, fig, ax, call, params, base_block["name"], cs, counters[call], table_id
         )
+
         data_array.append(data_object)
         marks_array.append(marks_object)
         color_scale_array_full += color_scale_array
@@ -504,9 +531,7 @@ def _create_axis_block(ax: Axes, axis_scales_block: list[dict[str, Any]], dpi: f
 def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, legend_params: Any, cs: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     fig = fig_params.fig
     ax = fig_params.ax
-    data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array, legend_array = _create_data_configs(
-        sdata.plotting_tree, fig, ax, cs, sdata._path
-    )
+    data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array, legend_array = _create_data_configs(sdata, fig, ax, cs, sdata._path)
 
     scales_array = _create_axis_scale_block(ax)
     axis_array = _create_axis_block(ax, scales_array, fig.dpi)

From b93af879c50e461bdad9b4b9fadc0b1c132a93be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2025 10:23:52 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 14/56] new updates

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py   | 168 ++++++++++++++++++-----
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py         |   1 +
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py        |  20 +--
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py |   1 +
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py         |  19 ++-
 5 files changed, 162 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index 94f6f95d..9435116d 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -131,12 +131,30 @@ def _get_colorbar_orient(ax, cbar):
 
     return "overlapping"  # Unusual case
 
-
-def _create_colorscale_image(cmap_params: CmapParams) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], float]:
+def _create_random_colorscale(data_id, field):
+    return [{
+        "name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}",
+        "type": "ordinal",
+        "domain": {"data": data_id, "field": field},
+        "range": ["random"], # TODO: decide how to better do this to simulate label2rgb
+    }]
+
+
+def _create_categorical_colorscale(color_mapping) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Create a categorical vega like color scale array."""
+    return [{
+        "name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}",
+        "type": "ordinal",
+        "domain": list(color_mapping.keys()),
+        "range": list(color_mapping.values()),
+    }]
+
+
+def _create_colorscale_image(cmap_params: CmapParams, data_id, field) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], float]:
     cmaps = [cmap_params.cmap] if not isinstance(cmap_params, list) else [param.cmap for param in cmap_params]
     cmaps = cmaps[0] if isinstance(cmaps[0], list) else cmaps  # Happens if palette is specified as list of strings
     color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
-    for cmap in cmaps:
+    for index, cmap in enumerate(cmaps):
         # TODO: check why listedcolormap is only passed on when we specify channel.
         if isinstance(cmap, mcolors.ListedColormap):
             type_scale = "linear"
@@ -151,12 +169,14 @@ def _create_colorscale_image(cmap_params: CmapParams) -> tuple[list[dict[str, An
                 pass
             else:
                 color_range = {"scheme": cmap.name, "count": cmap.N}
+        if isinstance(field, (int, list)):
+            field = f"channel_{index}"
+        if not field:
+            field = "value"
         color_scale_object = {
             "name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}",
             "type": type_scale,
-            # The domain in matplotlib seems to be 0-1 always for images, but for example for napari should be
-            # interpreted as relative
-            "domain": [0, 1],
+            "domain": {"data": data_id, "field": field},
             "range": color_range,
         }
 
@@ -197,6 +217,25 @@ def _create_legend_title_config(title_obj, dpi):
     }
 
 
+def _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array):
+    legend_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    ax = fig.get_axes()[0]
+    legend = ax.legend()
+
+    for color_object in color_scale_array:
+        fill_color = legend.get_frame().get_facecolor()
+        legend_object = {
+            "type": "discrete",
+            "direction": "horizontal" if legend._ncols == 0 else "vertical",
+            "fill": color_object["name"],
+            "orient": "none",
+            "columns": legend._ncols,
+            "columnPadding":
+            "fillColor": fill_color,
+            }
+
+
+
 def _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array):
     legend_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
     axes = fig.get_axes()
@@ -257,6 +296,32 @@ def _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array):
         legend_array.append(legend_object)
     return legend_array
 
+def _add_norm_transform(params, data_object):
+    norm = params.cmap_params.norm if not isinstance(params.cmap_params, list) else params.cmap_params[0].norm
+    if isinstance(vmin := norm.vmin, float) and isinstance(vmax := norm.vmax, float):
+
+        if norm.clip:
+            formula = f"clamp((datum.value - {vmin}) / ({vmax} - {vmin}), 0, 1)"
+        else:
+            formula = f"(datum.value - {vmin}) / ({vmax} - {vmin})"
+        data_object["transform"].append({"type": "formula", "expr": formula, "as": str(uuid4())})
+    return data_object
+
+def _add_table_lookup(sdata, params, data_object, table_id):
+    if table_id:
+        _, _, instance_key = get_table_keys(sdata[params.table_name])
+        data_object["transform"].append(
+            {
+                "type": "lookup",
+                "from": table_id,
+                "key": instance_key,
+                "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                "values": [params.color],
+                "as": [params.color],
+                "default": None,
+            }
+        )
+    return data_object
 
 def _create_derived_data_block(
     sdata, fig, ax: Axes, call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: str, cs: str, call_count: int, table_id=None
@@ -293,7 +358,6 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
         data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_image", "version": 0.1}
     elif "render_labels" in call:
         data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_label", "version": 0.1}
-        marks_object = {"a": 5}
     elif "render_points" in call:
         data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_point", "version": 0.1}
         marks_object = {"a": 5}
@@ -311,32 +375,30 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
         data_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_scale", "expr": multiscale})
         data_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_channel", "expr": params.channel})
         # Use isinstance because of possible 0 value
-        norm = params.cmap_params.norm if not isinstance(params.cmap_params, list) else params.cmap_params[0].norm
-        if isinstance(vmin := norm.vmin, float) and isinstance(vmax := norm.vmax, float):
-
-            if norm.clip:
-                formula = f"clamp((datum.value - {vmin}) / ({vmax} - {vmin}), 0, 1)"
-            else:
-                formula = f"(datum.value - {vmin}) / ({vmax} - {vmin})"
-            data_object["transform"].append({"type": "formula", "expr": formula, "as": str(uuid4())})
+        data_object = _add_norm_transform(params, data_object)
 
-        color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_image(params.cmap_params)
+        color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_image(params.cmap_params, data_object["name"], params.channel)
         legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array)
         marks_object = _create_raster_image_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
     if "render_labels" in call and isinstance(params, LabelsRenderParams):
         data_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_scale", "expr": params.scale})
-    if table_id:
-        _, _, instance_key = get_table_keys(sdata[params.table_name])
-        data_object["transform"].append(
-            {
-                "type": "lookup",
-                "from": table_id,
-                "key": instance_key,
-                "fields": [params.color],
-                "as": ["id_color_map"],
-                "default": None,
-            }
-        )
+        data_object = _add_table_lookup(sdata, params, data_object, table_id)
+        if data_object["transform"][-1]["type"] == "lookup":
+            color_field = data_object["transform"][-1]["values"][0]
+        data_object = _add_norm_transform(params, data_object)
+        if params.colortype == "continuous":
+            color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_image(params.cmap_params, data_object["name"], color_field)
+            legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array)
+        if params.colortype == "categorical":
+            print("yo")
+        if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
+            color_scale_array = _create_categorical_colorscale(params.colortype)
+            legend_array = _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array)
+            print()
+        if params.colortype == "random":
+            color_scale_array = _create_random_colorscale(data_object["name"], "value")
+        marks_object = _create_raster_label_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
+
     return data_object, marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array
 
 
@@ -346,10 +408,9 @@ def _create_raster_image_marks_object(
     data_object: dict[str, Any],
     call_count: int,
     color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]],
-    # image_alpha : float
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
     if len(color_scale_array) == 1:
-        fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": "intensity_value"}]
+        fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": "value"}]
     else:
         fill_color = [
             {"scale": color_scale["name"], "field": f"channel_{index}"}
@@ -368,6 +429,49 @@ def _create_raster_image_marks_object(
         },
     }
 
+def _create_raster_label_marks_object(
+    ax: Axes,
+    params: ImageRenderParams,
+    data_object: dict[str, Any],
+    call_count: int,
+    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]],
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+
+    if params.colortype == "continuous":
+        color_col = color_scale_array[0]["domain"]["field"]
+        fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": color_col}]
+        encode_update = {
+            "fill": [
+                {
+                    "test": f"isValid(datum.value)",
+                    "scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"],
+                    "field": color_col
+                },
+                {
+                    "value": params.cmap_params.na_color}]}
+    if params.colortype == "random" or isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
+        fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": "value"}]
+    elif params.colortype.startswith("#"):
+        fill_color = [{"value": params.colortype}]
+
+    labels_object = {
+        "type": "raster_label",
+        "from": {"data": data_object["name"]},
+        "zindex": ax.properties()["images"][call_count].zorder,
+        "encode": {
+            "enter": {
+                "stroke": fill_color,
+                "fill": fill_color,
+                "fillOpacity": {"value": params.fill_alpha},
+                "strokeOpacity": {"value": params.outline_alpha},
+                "strokeWidth": {"value": params.contour_px}
+            }
+        },
+    }
+
+    if params.colortype == "continuous":
+        labels_object["encode"]["update"] = encode_update
+    return labels_object
 
 def strip_call(s: str) -> str:
     """Strip leading digit and underscore from call."""
@@ -482,7 +586,7 @@ def _create_axis_block(ax: Axes, axis_scales_block: list[dict[str, Any]], dpi: f
         axis_line_props = ax.spines[axis_config["orient"]].properties()
         axis_config["domain"] = axis_line_props["visible"]  # domain is whether axis line should be visible.
         axis_config["domainOpacity"] = axis_line_props["alpha"] if axis_line_props["alpha"] else 1
-        axis_config["domainColor"] = mcolors.to_hex(axis_line_props["edgecolor"])[:-2]
+        axis_config["domainColor"] = mcolors.to_hex(axis_line_props["edgecolor"])
         axis_config["domainWidth"] = (axis_line_props["linewidth"] * dpi) / 72
         axis_config["grid"] = axis_props["tick_params"]["gridOn"]
 
@@ -536,7 +640,7 @@ def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, legend_params:
     scales_array = _create_axis_scale_block(ax)
     axis_array = _create_axis_block(ax, scales_array, fig.dpi)
 
-    scales = axis_array + color_scale_array if len(color_scale_array) > 0 else axis_array
+    scales = scales_array + color_scale_array if len(color_scale_array) > 0 else scales_array
     # TODO: check why attrs does not respect ordereddict when writing sdata
     viewconfig = {
         "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
index 6490ad3e..1351787c 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
@@ -1044,6 +1044,7 @@ def show(
                             scalebar_params=scalebar_params,
                             legend_params=legend_params,
                             rasterize=rasterize,
+                            render_count=prefix,
                         )
 
                 if title is None:
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
index 0c4bc08e..500aed9b 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ def _render_shapes(
         sdata_filt[table_name].obs[col_for_color] = sdata_filt[table_name].obs[col_for_color].astype("category")
 
     # get color vector (categorical or continuous)
-    color_source_vector, color_vector, _ = _set_color_source_vec(
+    color_source_vector, color_vector, _, color_mapping = _set_color_source_vec(
         sdata=sdata_filt,
         element=sdata_filt[element],
         element_name=element,
@@ -887,6 +887,7 @@ def _render_labels(
     scalebar_params: ScalebarParams,
     legend_params: LegendParams,
     rasterize: bool,
+    render_count: int,
 ) -> None:
     element = render_params.element
     table_name = render_params.table_name
@@ -941,7 +942,7 @@ def _render_labels(
 
     _, trans_data = _prepare_transformation(label, coordinate_system, ax)
 
-    color_source_vector, color_vector, categorical = _set_color_source_vec(
+    color_source_vector, color_vector, categorical, color_mapping = _set_color_source_vec(
         sdata=sdata_filt,
         element=label,
         element_name=element,
@@ -955,7 +956,7 @@ def _render_labels(
     )
 
     def _draw_labels(seg_erosionpx: int | None, seg_boundaries: bool, alpha: float) -> matplotlib.image.AxesImage:
-        labels = _map_color_seg(
+        labels, variable_type = _map_color_seg(
             seg=label.values,
             cell_id=instance_id,
             color_vector=color_vector,
@@ -978,7 +979,7 @@ def _draw_labels(seg_erosionpx: int | None, seg_boundaries: bool, alpha: float)
         )
         _cax.set_transform(trans_data)
         cax = ax.add_image(_cax)
-        return cax  # noqa: RET504
+        return cax, variable_type  # noqa: RET504
 
     # default case: no contour, just fill
     # since contour_px is passed to skimage.morphology.erosion to create the contour,
@@ -987,12 +988,12 @@ def _draw_labels(seg_erosionpx: int | None, seg_boundaries: bool, alpha: float)
     if (render_params.fill_alpha > 0.0 and render_params.outline_alpha == 0.0) or (
         render_params.fill_alpha == render_params.outline_alpha
     ):
-        cax = _draw_labels(seg_erosionpx=None, seg_boundaries=False, alpha=render_params.fill_alpha)
+        cax, variable_type = _draw_labels(seg_erosionpx=None, seg_boundaries=False, alpha=render_params.fill_alpha)
         alpha_to_decorate_ax = render_params.fill_alpha
 
     # outline-only case
     elif render_params.fill_alpha == 0.0 and render_params.outline_alpha > 0.0:
-        cax = _draw_labels(
+        cax, variable_type = _draw_labels(
             seg_erosionpx=render_params.contour_px, seg_boundaries=True, alpha=render_params.outline_alpha
         )
         alpha_to_decorate_ax = render_params.outline_alpha
@@ -1000,10 +1001,10 @@ def _draw_labels(seg_erosionpx: int | None, seg_boundaries: bool, alpha: float)
     # pretty case: both outline and infill
     elif render_params.fill_alpha > 0.0 and render_params.outline_alpha > 0.0:
         # first plot the infill ...
-        cax_infill = _draw_labels(seg_erosionpx=None, seg_boundaries=False, alpha=render_params.fill_alpha)
+        cax_infill, _ = _draw_labels(seg_erosionpx=None, seg_boundaries=False, alpha=render_params.fill_alpha)
 
         # ... then overlay the contour
-        cax_contour = _draw_labels(
+        cax_contour, variable_type = _draw_labels(
             seg_erosionpx=render_params.contour_px, seg_boundaries=True, alpha=render_params.outline_alpha
         )
 
@@ -1013,7 +1014,8 @@ def _draw_labels(seg_erosionpx: int | None, seg_boundaries: bool, alpha: float)
 
     else:
         raise ValueError("Parameters 'fill_alpha' and 'outline_alpha' cannot both be 0.")
-
+    variable_type = color_mapping if variable_type == "categorical" else variable_type
+    sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_labels"].colortype = variable_type
     _ = _decorate_axs(
         ax=ax,
         cax=cax,
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
index 79858cd9..dda7addc 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
@@ -144,3 +144,4 @@ class LabelsRenderParams:
     table_name: str | None = None
     table_layer: str | None = None
     zorder: int = 0
+    colortype: str | None = None
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py
index 03941dd8..15af881b 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py
@@ -715,9 +715,10 @@ def _set_color_source_vec(
     table_name: str | None = None,
     table_layer: str | None = None,
 ) -> tuple[ArrayLike | pd.Series | None, ArrayLike, bool]:
+    color_mapping = None
     if value_to_plot is None and element is not None:
         color = np.full(len(element), na_color)
-        return color, color, False
+        return color, color, False, color_mapping
 
     # Figure out where to get the color from
     origins = _locate_value(value_key=value_to_plot, sdata=sdata, element_name=element_name, table_name=table_name)
@@ -750,7 +751,7 @@ def _set_color_source_vec(
                     "Ignoring categorical palette which is given for a continuous variable. "
                     "Consider using `cmap` to pass a ColorMap."
                 )
-            return None, color_source_vector, False
+            return None, color_source_vector, False, color_mapping
 
         color_source_vector = pd.Categorical(color_source_vector)  # convert, e.g., `pd.Series`
 
@@ -770,11 +771,11 @@ def _set_color_source_vec(
         # do not rename categories, as colors need not be unique
         color_vector = color_source_vector.map(color_mapping)
 
-        return color_source_vector, color_vector, True
+        return color_source_vector, color_vector, True, color_mapping
 
     logger.warning(f"Color key '{value_to_plot}' for element '{element_name}' not been found, using default colors.")
     color = np.full(sdata[table_name].n_obs, to_hex(na_color))
-    return color, color, False
+    return color, color, False, color_mapping
 
 
 def _map_color_seg(
@@ -790,18 +791,22 @@ def _map_color_seg(
 ) -> ArrayLike:
     cell_id = np.array(cell_id)
 
+    variable_type = None
     if pd.api.types.is_categorical_dtype(color_vector.dtype):
         # Case A: users wants to plot a categorical column
         if np.any(color_source_vector.isna()):
             cell_id[color_source_vector.isna()] = 0
         val_im: ArrayLike = map_array(seg.copy(), cell_id, color_vector.codes + 1)
         cols = colors.to_rgba_array(color_vector.categories)
+        variable_type = "categorical"
     elif pd.api.types.is_numeric_dtype(color_vector.dtype):
         # Case B: user wants to plot a continous column
         if isinstance(color_vector, pd.Series):
             color_vector = color_vector.to_numpy()
         cols = cmap_params.cmap(cmap_params.norm(color_vector))
+        # TODO: ask why this mapping is even required if we map from 2 that are the same
         val_im = map_array(seg.copy(), cell_id, cell_id)
+        variable_type = "continuous"
     else:
         # Case C: User didn't specify any colors
         if color_source_vector is not None and (
@@ -813,6 +818,7 @@ def _map_color_seg(
             val_im = map_array(seg.copy(), cell_id, cell_id)
             RNG = default_rng(42)
             cols = RNG.random((len(color_vector), 3))
+            variable_type = "random"
         else:
             # Case D: User didn't specify a column to color by, but modified the na_color
             val_im = map_array(seg.copy(), cell_id, cell_id)
@@ -820,6 +826,7 @@ def _map_color_seg(
                 # we have hex colors
                 assert all(_is_color_like(c) for c in color_vector), "Not all values are color-like."
                 cols = colors.to_rgba_array(color_vector)
+                variable_type = color_vector[0][:-2]
             else:
                 cols = cmap_params.cmap(cmap_params.norm(color_vector))
 
@@ -838,11 +845,11 @@ def _map_color_seg(
         if seg.shape[0] == 1:
             seg = np.squeeze(seg, axis=0)
         seg_bound: ArrayLike = np.clip(seg_im - find_boundaries(seg)[:, :, None], 0, 1)
-        return np.dstack((seg_bound, np.where(val_im > 0, 1, 0)))  # add transparency here
+        return np.dstack((seg_bound, np.where(val_im > 0, 1, 0))), variable_type  # add transparency here
 
     if len(val_im.shape) != len(seg_im.shape):
         val_im = np.expand_dims((val_im > 0).astype(int), axis=-1)
-    return np.dstack((seg_im, val_im))
+    return np.dstack((seg_im, val_im)), variable_type
 
 
 def _generate_base_categorial_color_mapping(

From e4cfd04df56cc996d98802aa23b72789cd381d97 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2025 00:24:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 15/56] finish initial label configs

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py | 315 ++++++++++++++++++-------
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py      |   2 +-
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py       |   2 +-
 tests/pl/test_render_labels.py         |   3 -
 4 files changed, 228 insertions(+), 94 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index 9435116d..f22c2a8a 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 Params = ImageRenderParams | LabelsRenderParams | PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from matplotlib.text import Text
     from spatialdata import SpatialData
 
 
@@ -101,56 +102,75 @@ def _create_padding_object(fig: Figure) -> dict[str, float]:
     }
 
 
-def _get_colorbar_orient(ax, cbar):
+def _create_random_colorscale(data_id: str, field: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Create a vega like colorscale for random colors.
+
+    This scale is used in case there is a label image for which the labels are visualized by random colors.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data_id : str
+        The ID of the derived data object that pertains to a spatialdata label element.
+    field : str
+        The value of the derived datablock to which the color scale gets applied. Typically `value`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The array containing the vega like random color scale object.
     """
-    Determine the Vega legend orientation based on the position of a Matplotlib colorbar relative to the main plot.
+    return [
+        {
+            "name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": {"data": data_id, "field": field},
+            "range": ["random"],  # TODO: decide how to better do this to simulate label2rgb
+        }
+    ]
+
+
+def _create_categorical_colorscale(color_mapping: dict[str, str]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Create a categorical vega like color scale array.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-    ax: matplotlib.axes.Axes
-        The main plot axes containing the actual plotted data.
-    cbar : Colorbar
-        The matplotlib colorbar object.
+    color_mapping : dict[str, str]
+        The mapping of categorical values to colors as hex string.
 
     Returns
     -------
-    str
-        Vega `legend.orient` value ('top', 'bottom', 'left', 'right', or 'overlapping').
+    The array containing the vega like ordinal color scale object.
+    """
+    return [
+        {
+            "name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": list(color_mapping.keys()),
+            "range": list(color_mapping.values()),
+        }
+    ]
+
+
+def _create_colorscale_image(
+    cmap_params: list[CmapParams] | CmapParams, data_id: str, field: list[str] | list[int] | int | str | None
+) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Create a vega like color scale array to be applied to an image.
+
+    This in particular creates a color scale array based on the colormaps that are part of the ImageRenderParams.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    cmap_params : CmapParams
+        The colormap parameters used to plot the spatialdata image element.
+    data_id: str
+        The ID of the derived data object that pertains to a spatialdata image element.
+    field:
+        The value of the derived datablock to which the color scale is applied. In case of an image
+        can be a channel or list of channels or the index thereof.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The array containing the vega like color scale array.
     """
-    main_bbox = ax.get_position()  # Main plot bounding box
-    cbar_bbox = cbar.ax.get_position()  # Colorbar bounding box
-
-    if cbar_bbox.y1 <= main_bbox.y0:
-        return "bottom"  # Colorbar is below
-    if cbar_bbox.y0 >= main_bbox.y1:
-        return "top"  # Colorbar is above
-    if cbar_bbox.x1 <= main_bbox.x0:
-        return "left"  # Colorbar is to the left
-    if cbar_bbox.x0 >= main_bbox.x1:
-        return "right"  # Colorbar is to the right
-
-    return "overlapping"  # Unusual case
-
-def _create_random_colorscale(data_id, field):
-    return [{
-        "name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}",
-        "type": "ordinal",
-        "domain": {"data": data_id, "field": field},
-        "range": ["random"], # TODO: decide how to better do this to simulate label2rgb
-    }]
-
-
-def _create_categorical_colorscale(color_mapping) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-    """Create a categorical vega like color scale array."""
-    return [{
-        "name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}",
-        "type": "ordinal",
-        "domain": list(color_mapping.keys()),
-        "range": list(color_mapping.values()),
-    }]
-
-
-def _create_colorscale_image(cmap_params: CmapParams, data_id, field) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], float]:
     cmaps = [cmap_params.cmap] if not isinstance(cmap_params, list) else [param.cmap for param in cmap_params]
     cmaps = cmaps[0] if isinstance(cmaps[0], list) else cmaps  # Happens if palette is specified as list of strings
     color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
@@ -169,7 +189,7 @@ def _create_colorscale_image(cmap_params: CmapParams, data_id, field) -> tuple[l
                 pass
             else:
                 color_range = {"scheme": cmap.name, "count": cmap.N}
-        if isinstance(field, (int, list)):
+        if isinstance(field, int | list):
             field = f"channel_{index}"
         if not field:
             field = "value"
@@ -202,7 +222,23 @@ def _create_base_level_sdata_block(url: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     }
 
 
-def _create_legend_title_config(title_obj, dpi):
+def _create_legend_title_config(title_obj: Text, dpi: float) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create the vega like legend title object.
+
+    This creates the object containing information pertaining to the legend title. This will be added to the legend
+    object.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    title_obj : Text
+        The legend title object in matplotlib.
+    dpi: float
+        dots per inch used to convert fontsizes to from standard unit to size in pixels.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The legend title object.
+    """
     title_props = title_obj.properties()
     return {
         "title": title_props["text"],
@@ -217,10 +253,25 @@ def _create_legend_title_config(title_obj, dpi):
     }
 
 
-def _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array):
+def _create_categorical_legend(fig: Figure, color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Create vega like categorical legend array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fig : Figure
+        The matplotlib figure.
+    color_scale_array : list[dict[str, Any]]
+        The vega like color scale array for which the vega like legend array will be created.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The vega like categorical legend array.
+    """
     legend_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
     ax = fig.get_axes()[0]
     legend = ax.legend()
+    legend_bbox_props = legend.get_frame().properties()
+    legend_bbox = legend.get_tightbbox()
 
     for color_object in color_scale_array:
         fill_color = legend.get_frame().get_facecolor()
@@ -230,28 +281,59 @@ def _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array):
             "fill": color_object["name"],
             "orient": "none",
             "columns": legend._ncols,
-            "columnPadding":
-            "fillColor": fill_color,
-            }
+            "columnPadding": (legend.columnspacing * fig.dpi) / 72,
+            "rowPadding": (legend.labelspacing * fig.dpi) / 72,
+            "fillColor": mcolors.to_hex(fill_color),
+            "padding": (legend.borderpad * fig.dpi) / 72,
+            "strokeColor": mcolors.to_hex(legend_bbox_props["edgecolor"]),
+            "strokeWidth": (legend_bbox_props["linewidth"] * fig.dpi)
+            / 72,  # Different from Vega as vega expects a vega scale here!
+            "labelAlign": legend.get_texts()[0].get_ha(),
+            "labelColor": mcolors.to_hex(legend.get_texts()[0].get_color()),
+            "labelFont": legend.get_texts()[0].get_fontname(),
+            "labelFontSize": (legend.get_texts()[0].get_fontsize() * fig.dpi) / 72,
+            "labelFontStyle": legend.get_texts()[0].get_fontstyle(),
+            "labelFontWeight": legend.get_texts()[0].get_fontweight(),
+            "labelOffset": (legend.handletextpad * fig.dpi) / 72,
+            "legendX": legend_bbox.bounds[0],
+            "legendY": fig.bbox.height - legend_bbox.bounds[1] - legend_bbox.bounds[3],
+        }
+
+        if legend.get_title().get_text() != "":
+            legend_title_object = _create_legend_title_config(legend.get_title(), fig.dpi)
+            legend_object.update(legend_title_object)
+
+        legend_array.append(legend_object)
+    return legend_array
 
 
+def _create_colorbar_legend(
+    fig: Figure, color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]], legend_count: int
+) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Create the vega like legend array containing the colorbar information.
 
-def _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array):
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fig : Figure
+        The matplotlib figure.
+    color_scale_array : list[dict[str, Any]]
+        The vega like color scale array for which the vega like legend array will be created.
+    legend_count : int
+        The number of already created legend objects.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The vega like colorbar legend array.
+    """
     legend_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
-    axes = fig.get_axes()
+    cbars = []
+    for ax in fig.axes:
+        cbar = getattr(ax.properties()["axes_locator"], "_cbar", None) if ax.properties()["axes_locator"] else None
+        if cbar:
+            cbars.append(cbar)
+
     for col_config in color_scale_array:
-        cbar = None
-        for ax in axes:
-            cbar = getattr(ax.properties()["axes_locator"], "_cbar", None) if ax.properties()["axes_locator"] else None
-            if not cbar:
-                continue
-            if cbar.cmap.name != col_config["range"]["scheme"]:
-                cbar = None
-                continue
-            break
-
-        if not cbar:
-            continue
+        cbar = cbars[legend_count]
 
         axis_props = cbar.ax.properties()
         if cbar.orientation == "vertical":
@@ -285,10 +367,8 @@ def _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array):
             "labelFontSize": (label["fontsize"] * fig.dpi) / 72,
             "labelFontStyle": label["fontstyle"],
             "labelFontWeight": label["fontweight"],
-            "legendX": cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[0] * fig.get_figwidth() * fig.dpi,
-            "legendY": (1 - (cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[1] + cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[-1]))
-            * fig.get_figheight()
-            * fig.dpi,
+            "legendX": cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[0],
+            "legendY": fig.bbox.height - cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[1] - cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[3],
             "zindex": axis_props["zorder"],
         }
         if legend_title_object["title"] != "":
@@ -296,7 +376,22 @@ def _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array):
         legend_array.append(legend_object)
     return legend_array
 
-def _add_norm_transform(params, data_object):
+
+def _add_norm_transform(params: Params, data_object: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Add a normalization transform to a vega like derived data object.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    params : Params
+        The render parameters used to plot the particular spatialdata element.
+    data_object: dict[str, Any]
+        The vega like derived data object.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The vega like derived data object with an added normalization transform if normalization was defined
+    in the render parameters.
+    """
     norm = params.cmap_params.norm if not isinstance(params.cmap_params, list) else params.cmap_params[0].norm
     if isinstance(vmin := norm.vmin, float) and isinstance(vmax := norm.vmax, float):
 
@@ -307,8 +402,28 @@ def _add_norm_transform(params, data_object):
         data_object["transform"].append({"type": "formula", "expr": formula, "as": str(uuid4())})
     return data_object
 
-def _add_table_lookup(sdata, params, data_object, table_id):
-    if table_id:
+
+def _add_table_lookup(
+    sdata: SpatialData, params: Params, data_object: dict[str, Any], table_id: str | None
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Add a lookup transform to a vega like derived data object.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    sdata : SpatialData
+        The spatialdata object containing the table.
+    params: params
+        The render parameters used to plot the particular spatialdata element.
+    data_object: dict[str, Any]
+        The vega like derived data object.
+    table_id: str
+        The ID of the vega data object pertaining to the spatialdata table.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The vega like derived data object with the added lookup transform.
+    """
+    if table_id and not isinstance(params, ImageRenderParams):
         _, _, instance_key = get_table_keys(sdata[params.table_name])
         data_object["transform"].append(
             {
@@ -323,9 +438,19 @@ def _add_table_lookup(sdata, params, data_object, table_id):
         )
     return data_object
 
+
 def _create_derived_data_block(
-    sdata, fig, ax: Axes, call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: str, cs: str, call_count: int, table_id=None
-) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
+    sdata: SpatialData,
+    fig: Figure,
+    ax: Axes,
+    call: str,
+    params: Params,
+    base_uuid: str,
+    cs: str,
+    call_count: int,
+    table_id: str | None = None,
+    legend_count: int = 0,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
     """Create vega like data object for SpatialData elements.
 
     Each object for a SpatialData element contains an additional transform that
@@ -378,7 +503,7 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
         data_object = _add_norm_transform(params, data_object)
 
         color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_image(params.cmap_params, data_object["name"], params.channel)
-        legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array)
+        legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
         marks_object = _create_raster_image_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
     if "render_labels" in call and isinstance(params, LabelsRenderParams):
         data_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_scale", "expr": params.scale})
@@ -388,13 +513,12 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
         data_object = _add_norm_transform(params, data_object)
         if params.colortype == "continuous":
             color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_image(params.cmap_params, data_object["name"], color_field)
-            legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array)
+            legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
         if params.colortype == "categorical":
-            print("yo")
+            pass
         if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
             color_scale_array = _create_categorical_colorscale(params.colortype)
             legend_array = _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array)
-            print()
         if params.colortype == "random":
             color_scale_array = _create_random_colorscale(data_object["name"], "value")
         marks_object = _create_raster_label_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
@@ -429,9 +553,10 @@ def _create_raster_image_marks_object(
         },
     }
 
+
 def _create_raster_label_marks_object(
     ax: Axes,
-    params: ImageRenderParams,
+    params: LabelsRenderParams,
     data_object: dict[str, Any],
     call_count: int,
     color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]],
@@ -442,13 +567,10 @@ def _create_raster_label_marks_object(
         fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": color_col}]
         encode_update = {
             "fill": [
-                {
-                    "test": f"isValid(datum.value)",
-                    "scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"],
-                    "field": color_col
-                },
-                {
-                    "value": params.cmap_params.na_color}]}
+                {"test": "isValid(datum.value)", "scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "field": color_col},
+                {"value": params.cmap_params.na_color},
+            ]
+        }
     if params.colortype == "random" or isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
         fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": "value"}]
     elif params.colortype.startswith("#"):
@@ -464,7 +586,7 @@ def _create_raster_label_marks_object(
                 "fill": fill_color,
                 "fillOpacity": {"value": params.fill_alpha},
                 "strokeOpacity": {"value": params.outline_alpha},
-                "strokeWidth": {"value": params.contour_px}
+                "strokeWidth": {"value": params.contour_px},
             }
         },
     }
@@ -473,12 +595,27 @@ def _create_raster_label_marks_object(
         labels_object["encode"]["update"] = encode_update
     return labels_object
 
+
 def strip_call(s: str) -> str:
     """Strip leading digit and underscore from call."""
     return re.sub(r"^\d+_", "", s)
 
 
-def _create_table_data_object(table_name, base_uuid):
+def _create_table_data_object(table_name: str, base_uuid: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create the vega like data object for a spatialdata table.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    table_name : str
+        Name of the table in the SpatialData object.
+    base_uuid : str
+        The ID of the vega like data object pertaining to the SpatialData zarr store containing
+        the table to be added.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The vega like data object for the SpatialData table.
+    """
     return {
         "name": str(uuid4()),
         "format": {"type": "spatialdata_table", "version": 0.1},
@@ -488,7 +625,7 @@ def _create_table_data_object(table_name, base_uuid):
 
 
 def _create_data_configs(
-    sdata: SpatialData, fig, ax: Axes, cs: str, sdata_path: str
+    sdata: SpatialData, fig: Figure, ax: Axes, cs: str, sdata_path: str
 ) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
     """Create the vega json array value to the data key.
 
@@ -527,7 +664,7 @@ def _create_data_configs(
             data_array.append(_create_table_data_object(table, base_block["name"]))
             table_id = data_array[-1]["name"]
         data_object, marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array = _create_derived_data_block(
-            sdata, fig, ax, call, params, base_block["name"], cs, counters[call], table_id
+            sdata, fig, ax, call, params, base_block["name"], cs, counters[call], table_id, len(color_scale_array_full)
         )
 
         data_array.append(data_object)
@@ -644,8 +781,8 @@ def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, legend_params:
     # TODO: check why attrs does not respect ordereddict when writing sdata
     viewconfig = {
         "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": fig.get_figheight() * fig.dpi,  # matplotlib uses inches, but vega uses absolute pixels
-        "width": fig.get_figwidth() * fig.dpi,
+        "height": fig.bbox.height,  # matplotlib uses inches, but vega uses absolute pixels
+        "width": fig.bbox.width,
         "padding": _create_padding_object(fig),
         "title": _create_title_config(ax, fig),
         "data": data_array,
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
index 500aed9b..fb2361d8 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ def _render_points(
     # when user specified a single color, we emulate the form of `na_color` and use it
     default_color = color if col_for_color is None and color is not None else render_params.cmap_params.na_color
 
-    color_source_vector, color_vector, _ = _set_color_source_vec(
+    color_source_vector, color_vector, _, _ = _set_color_source_vec(
         sdata=sdata_filt,
         element=points,
         element_name=element,
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py
index 15af881b..ba72b3aa 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ def _set_color_source_vec(
     cmap_params: CmapParams | None = None,
     table_name: str | None = None,
     table_layer: str | None = None,
-) -> tuple[ArrayLike | pd.Series | None, ArrayLike, bool]:
+) -> tuple[ArrayLike | pd.Series | None, ArrayLike, bool, dict[str, str] | None]:
     color_mapping = None
     if value_to_plot is None and element is not None:
         color = np.full(len(element), na_color)
diff --git a/tests/pl/test_render_labels.py b/tests/pl/test_render_labels.py
index c1217841..c4ed8141 100644
--- a/tests/pl/test_render_labels.py
+++ b/tests/pl/test_render_labels.py
@@ -117,9 +117,6 @@ def _make_tablemodel_with_categorical_labels(sdata_blobs, label):
 
             _, axs = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=3, layout="tight")
 
-            sdata_blobs.pl.render_labels(label, color="channel_1_sum", table="other_table", scale="scale0").pl.show(
-                ax=axs[0], title="ch_1_sum", colorbar=False
-            )
             sdata_blobs.pl.render_labels(label, color="channel_1_sum", table="other_table", scale="scale0").pl.show(
                 ax=axs[0], title="ch_1_sum", colorbar=False
             )

From ef646550c5b74858410edc6fcfb28d4e53b92cbf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2025 13:24:08 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 16/56] point view configs

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py   | 77 +++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py         |  1 +
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py        |  7 ++-
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py |  1 +
 4 files changed, 83 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index f22c2a8a..74864511 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -150,6 +150,25 @@ def _create_categorical_colorscale(color_mapping: dict[str, str]) -> list[dict[s
     ]
 
 
+def _create_colorscale_points(
+    cmap_params: list[CmapParams] | CmapParams, color_mapping: None | dict[str, str], params, data_id: str
+) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    cmaps = [cmap_params.cmap] if not isinstance(cmap_params, list) else [param.cmap for param in cmap_params]
+    cmaps = cmaps[0] if isinstance(cmaps[0], list) else cmaps  # Happens if palette is specified as list of strings
+    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+
+    if color_mapping and params.table_name is None:
+        color_scale_object = {
+            "name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": list(color_mapping.keys()),
+            "range": [mcolors.to_hex(col) for col in color_mapping.values()],
+        }
+
+    color_scale_array.append(color_scale_object)
+    return color_scale_array
+
+
 def _create_colorscale_image(
     cmap_params: list[CmapParams] | CmapParams, data_id: str, field: list[str] | list[int] | int | str | None
 ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
@@ -485,7 +504,6 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
         data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_label", "version": 0.1}
     elif "render_points" in call:
         data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_point", "version": 0.1}
-        marks_object = {"a": 5}
     elif "render_shapes" in call:
         data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_shape", "version": 0.1}
         marks_object = {"a": 5}
@@ -522,6 +540,14 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
         if params.colortype == "random":
             color_scale_array = _create_random_colorscale(data_object["name"], "value")
         marks_object = _create_raster_label_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
+    if "render_points" in call and isinstance(params, PointsRenderParams):
+        data_object = _add_table_lookup(sdata, params, data_object, table_id)
+        color_scale_array = None
+        if params.colortype:
+            color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_points(
+                params.cmap_params, params.colortype, params, data_object["name"]
+            )
+        marks_object = _create_points_symbol_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
 
     return data_object, marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array
 
@@ -554,6 +580,52 @@ def _create_raster_image_marks_object(
     }
 
 
+def strip_alpha(hex_color: str) -> str:
+    if isinstance(hex_color, str) and hex_color.startswith("#") and len(hex_color) == 9:
+        return hex_color[:7]
+    return hex_color
+
+
+def _create_points_symbol_marks_object(
+    ax: Axes,
+    params: LabelsRenderParams,
+    data_object: dict[str, Any],
+    call_count: int,
+    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] | None,
+):
+    encode_update = None
+    if not color_scale_array:
+        fill_color = {"value": strip_alpha(params.cmap_params.na_color)}
+    elif params.color:
+        fill_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(params.color)}
+    else:
+        encode_update = {
+            "fill": [
+                {"test": "isValid(datum.value)", "scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "field": params.col_for_color},
+                {"value": strip_alpha(params.cmap_params.na_color)},
+            ]
+        }
+        fill_color = {"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "field": params.col_for_color}
+    points_object = {
+        "type": "symbol",
+        "from": {"data": data_object["name"]},
+        "zindex": params.zorder,
+        "encode": {
+            "enter": {
+                "stroke": fill_color,
+                "fill": fill_color,
+                "fillOpacity": {"value": params.alpha},
+                "size": {"value": params.size},
+            }
+        },
+    }
+    if encode_update:
+        # TODO: check if we can give info that na-color is used prior to adding this. If so then add if conditional.
+        points_object["encode"]["update"] = encode_update
+
+    return points_object
+
+
 def _create_raster_label_marks_object(
     ax: Axes,
     params: LabelsRenderParams,
@@ -669,7 +741,8 @@ def _create_data_configs(
 
         data_array.append(data_object)
         marks_array.append(marks_object)
-        color_scale_array_full += color_scale_array
+        if color_scale_array:
+            color_scale_array_full += color_scale_array
         legend_array_full += legend_array
         counters[call] += 1
 
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
index 1351787c..15bf03ba 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
@@ -1011,6 +1011,7 @@ def show(
                             fig_params=fig_params,
                             scalebar_params=scalebar_params,
                             legend_params=legend_params,
+                            render_count=prefix,
                         )
 
                 elif cmd == "render_labels" and has_labels:
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
index fb2361d8..2f8804f7 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
@@ -395,6 +395,7 @@ def _render_points(
     fig_params: FigParams,
     scalebar_params: ScalebarParams,
     legend_params: LegendParams,
+    render_count: int,
 ) -> None:
     element = render_params.element
     col_for_color = render_params.col_for_color
@@ -509,7 +510,7 @@ def _render_points(
     # when user specified a single color, we emulate the form of `na_color` and use it
     default_color = color if col_for_color is None and color is not None else render_params.cmap_params.na_color
 
-    color_source_vector, color_vector, _, _ = _set_color_source_vec(
+    color_source_vector, color_vector, _, color_mapping = _set_color_source_vec(
         sdata=sdata_filt,
         element=points,
         element_name=element,
@@ -679,6 +680,8 @@ def _render_points(
             zorder=render_params.zorder,
         )
         cax = ax.add_collection(_cax)
+
+        sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].colortype = color_mapping
         if update_parameters:
             # necessary if points are plotted with mpl first and then with datashader
             extent = get_extent(sdata_filt.points[element], coordinate_system=coordinate_system)
@@ -691,6 +694,8 @@ def _render_points(
         else:
             palette = ListedColormap(dict.fromkeys(color_vector[~pd.Categorical(color_source_vector).isnull()]))
 
+        sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].colortype = color_mapping
+
         _ = _decorate_axs(
             ax=ax,
             cax=cax,
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
index dda7addc..ea574579 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ class PointsRenderParams:
     element: str
     color: str | None = None
     col_for_color: str | None = None
+    colortype: str | None = None
     groups: str | list[str] | None = None
     palette: ListedColormap | list[str] | None = None
     alpha: float = 1.0

From be65d582e548fe22da0145c40fd9558b980477bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2025 14:46:52 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 17/56] output plots as well

---
 tests/conftest.py | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 28de53f6..688379f2 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -448,7 +448,6 @@ def save_and_compare(self, *args, **kwargs):
                 VIEWCONFIG_ACTUAL.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
                 with open(VIEWCONFIG_ACTUAL / f"{fig_name}.json", "w") as outfile:
                     json.dump(viewconfig, outfile, indent=4)
-                return
 
         # uncomment to catch tests that do not save the viewconfig
         # raise ValueError("No viewconfig saved for the test")

From 2033b24336bb6c2f8521ddb01135aa6ec87d7b5f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2025 15:00:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 18/56] complete points viewconfigs

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py   | 202 +++++++++++++----------
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py        |  19 ++-
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py |   1 +
 3 files changed, 132 insertions(+), 90 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index 74864511..b4f4c8e9 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -151,19 +151,33 @@ def _create_categorical_colorscale(color_mapping: dict[str, str]) -> list[dict[s
 
 
 def _create_colorscale_points(
-    cmap_params: list[CmapParams] | CmapParams, color_mapping: None | dict[str, str], params, data_id: str
+    cmap_params: list[CmapParams] | CmapParams, color_mapping: None | dict[str, str], params, data_object: str
 ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
     cmaps = [cmap_params.cmap] if not isinstance(cmap_params, list) else [param.cmap for param in cmap_params]
     cmaps = cmaps[0] if isinstance(cmaps[0], list) else cmaps  # Happens if palette is specified as list of strings
     color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
 
-    if color_mapping and params.table_name is None:
-        color_scale_object = {
-            "name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}",
-            "type": "ordinal",
-            "domain": list(color_mapping.keys()),
-            "range": [mcolors.to_hex(col) for col in color_mapping.values()],
-        }
+    color_scale_object = {"name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}"}
+    if isinstance(color_mapping, dict):
+        color_scale_object.update(
+            {
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": list(color_mapping.keys()),
+                "range": [mcolors.to_hex(col) for col in color_mapping.values()],
+            }
+        )
+    elif color_mapping == "continuous":
+        data_id = data_object["name"]
+        field = data_object["transform"][-1].get("as")
+        if not field:
+            field = [params.col_for_color]
+        color_scale_object.update(
+            {
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {"data": data_id, "field": field},
+                "range": {"scheme": params.cmap_params.cmap.name, "count": params.cmap_params.cmap.N},
+            }
+        )
 
     color_scale_array.append(color_scale_object)
     return color_scale_array
@@ -374,8 +388,8 @@ def _create_colorbar_legend(
             "orient": "none",  # Required in vega in order to use the x and y position
             "fill": color_scale_array[0]["name"],
             "fillColor": mcolors.to_hex(cbar.ax.get_facecolor()),
-            "gradientLength": gradient_length,
-            "gradientOpacity": cbar.cmap._lut[-0][-1],
+            "gradientLength": gradient_length,  # alpha if alpha := getattr(cbar.cmap, "_lut", None)[0][-1] else
+            "gradientOpacity": cbar.mappable.get_alpha(),
             "gradientThickness": (cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[2] * fig.dpi) / 72,
             "gradientStrokeColor": stroke_color,
             "gradientStrokeWidth": (spine_outline["linewidth"] * fig.dpi) / 72 if stroke_color else None,
@@ -412,12 +426,13 @@ def _add_norm_transform(params: Params, data_object: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str
     in the render parameters.
     """
     norm = params.cmap_params.norm if not isinstance(params.cmap_params, list) else params.cmap_params[0].norm
+    field = data_object["transform"][-1]["as"][0] if data_object["transform"][-1]["type"] == "aggregate" else "value"
     if isinstance(vmin := norm.vmin, float) and isinstance(vmax := norm.vmax, float):
 
         if norm.clip:
-            formula = f"clamp((datum.value - {vmin}) / ({vmax} - {vmin}), 0, 1)"
+            formula = f"clamp((datum.{field} - {vmin}) / ({vmax} - {vmin}), 0, 1)"
         else:
-            formula = f"(datum.value - {vmin}) / ({vmax} - {vmin})"
+            formula = f"(datum.{field} - {vmin}) / ({vmax} - {vmin})"
         data_object["transform"].append({"type": "formula", "expr": formula, "as": str(uuid4())})
     return data_object
 
@@ -444,20 +459,48 @@ def _add_table_lookup(
     """
     if table_id and not isinstance(params, ImageRenderParams):
         _, _, instance_key = get_table_keys(sdata[params.table_name])
+        color = params.color if params.color else params.col_for_color
         data_object["transform"].append(
             {
                 "type": "lookup",
                 "from": table_id,
                 "key": instance_key,
                 "fields": ["instance_ids"],
-                "values": [params.color],
-                "as": [params.color],
+                "values": [color],
+                "as": [color],
                 "default": None,
             }
         )
     return data_object
 
 
+def _add_datashade_transform_points(params, data_object):
+    if params.ds_reduction == "std":
+        params.ds_reduction = "stdev"
+    if params.ds_reduction == "var":
+        params.ds_reduction = "variance"
+
+    if data_object["transform"][-1]["type"] == "formula":
+        field = data_object["transform"][-1]["as"]
+        as_field = field
+    elif params.col_for_color:
+        field = params.col_for_color
+        as_field = field
+    else:
+        field = "*"
+        as_field = "count"
+    data_object["transform"].append(
+        {"type": "aggregate", "field": [field], "ops": [params.ds_reduction], "as": [as_field]}
+    )
+    data_object = _add_norm_transform(params, data_object)
+    if data_object["transform"][-1]["type"] == "formula":
+        field = data_object["transform"][-1]["as"]
+    data_object["transform"].append(
+        {"type": "spread", "field": [as_field], "px": params.ds_pixel_spread, "as": [as_field]}
+    )
+    return data_object
+
+
 def _create_derived_data_block(
     sdata: SpatialData,
     fig: Figure,
@@ -542,11 +585,17 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
         marks_object = _create_raster_label_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
     if "render_points" in call and isinstance(params, PointsRenderParams):
         data_object = _add_table_lookup(sdata, params, data_object, table_id)
+        if not params.ds_reduction:
+            data_object = _add_norm_transform(params, data_object)
+        if params.ds_reduction:
+            data_object = _add_datashade_transform_points(params, data_object)
         color_scale_array = None
         if params.colortype:
-            color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_points(
-                params.cmap_params, params.colortype, params, data_object["name"]
-            )
+            color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_points(params.cmap_params, params.colortype, params, data_object)
+            if params.colortype == "continuous":
+                legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
+            if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
+                legend_array = _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array)
         marks_object = _create_points_symbol_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
 
     return data_object, marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array
@@ -594,28 +643,65 @@ def _create_points_symbol_marks_object(
     color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] | None,
 ):
     encode_update = None
-    if not color_scale_array:
-        fill_color = {"value": strip_alpha(params.cmap_params.na_color)}
-    elif params.color:
-        fill_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(params.color)}
-    else:
-        encode_update = {
-            "fill": [
-                {"test": "isValid(datum.value)", "scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "field": params.col_for_color},
-                {"value": strip_alpha(params.cmap_params.na_color)},
-            ]
-        }
-        fill_color = {"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "field": params.col_for_color}
+    if not color_scale_array and not params.color:
+        fill_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False)}
+    elif not color_scale_array and params.color:
+        fill_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(params.color, keep_alpha=False)}
+    elif color_scale_array and (params.color or params.col_for_color):
+        if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
+            encode_update = {
+                "fill": [
+                    {
+                        "test": f"!isValid(datum.{params.col_for_color})",
+                        "value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False),
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+            fill_color = {"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "field": params.col_for_color}
+        else:
+            value = val[0] if isinstance(val := color_scale_array[0]["domain"]["field"], list) else val
+            fill_color = {"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": value}
+            encode_update = {"fill": []}
+            encode_update["fill"].append(
+                {
+                    "test": f"!isValid(datum.{params.col_for_color})",
+                    "value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False),
+                }
+            )
+            if (params.cmap_params.norm.vmin is not None or params.cmap_params.norm.vmax is not None) and (
+                params.cmap_params.cmap.get_under() is not None or params.cmap_params.cmap.get_over() is not None
+            ):
+                # or condition doesn't reach second condition if first condition is met
+                under_col = params.cmap_params.cmap.get_under()
+                over_col = params.cmap_params.cmap.get_over()
+                if under_col is not None:
+                    encode_update["fill"].append(
+                        {
+                            "test": f"datum.{value}) < {params.cmap_params.norm.vmin}",
+                            "value": mcolors.to_hex(under_col, keep_alpha=False),
+                        }
+                    )
+                if over_col is not None:
+                    encode_update["fill"].append(
+                        {
+                            "test": f"datum.{value}) > {params.cmap_params.norm.vmax}",
+                            "value": mcolors.to_hex(over_col, keep_alpha=False),
+                        }
+                    )
+
     points_object = {
         "type": "symbol",
         "from": {"data": data_object["name"]},
         "zindex": params.zorder,
         "encode": {
             "enter": {
+                "x": {"scale": "X_scale", "field": "x"},
+                "y": {"scale": "Y_scale", "field": "y"},
                 "stroke": fill_color,
                 "fill": fill_color,
                 "fillOpacity": {"value": params.alpha},
                 "size": {"value": params.size},
+                "shape": {"value": "circle"},
             }
         },
     }
@@ -868,61 +954,3 @@ def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, legend_params:
     viewconfig["marks"] = marks_array
 
     return viewconfig
-
-
-# def plotting_tree_dict_to_marks(plotting_tree_dict):
-#     out = [] # caller will set { ..., "marks": out }
-#     for pl_call_id, pl_call_params in plotting_tree_dict.items():
-#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_images"):
-#             for channel_index in pl_call_params["channel"]:
-#                 out.append({
-#                   "type": "raster_image",
-#                   "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
-#                   "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
-#                   "encode": {
-#                       "opacity": { "value": pl_call_params.get("alpha") },
-#                       "color": {"scale": get_scale_name(pl_call_params), "field": channel_index }
-#                   }
-#                 })
-#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_shapes"):
-#             out.append({
-#                 "type": "shape",
-#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
-#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
-#                 "encode": {
-#                     "fillOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("fill_alpha")},
-#                     "fillColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
-#                     "strokeWidth": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_width")},
-#                   # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree # TODO: what are the units?
-#                     "strokeColor": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_color")},
-#                     "strokeOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_alpha")},
-#                 }
-#             })
-#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_points"):
-#             out.append({
-#                 "type": "point",
-#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
-#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
-#                 "encode": {
-#                     "opacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("alpha")},
-#                     "color": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
-#                     "size": {"value": pl_call_params.get("size")},
-#                 }
-#             })
-#         if pl_call_id.endswith("_render_labels"):
-#             out.append({
-#                 "type": "raster_labels",
-#                 "from": {"data": sdata_element_to_uuid(pl_call_params["element"])},
-#                 "zindex": pl_call_params["zorder"],
-#                 "encode": {
-#                     "opacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("alpha")},
-#                     "fillColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
-#                     "strokeColor": get_shapes_color_encoding(pl_call_params),
-#                     "strokeWidth": {"value": pl_call_params.get("contour_px")},
-#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
-#                     "strokeOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("outline_alpha")},
-#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
-#                     "fillOpacity": {"value": pl_call_params.get("fill_alpha")},
-#                     # TODO: check whether this is the key used in the spatial plotting tree
-#                 }
-#             })
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
index b6384904..9fbc8fbb 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
@@ -552,9 +552,11 @@ def _render_points(
         )
 
     if method == "datashader":
+        sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].method = "datashader"
         # NOTE: s in matplotlib is in units of points**2
         # use dpi/100 as a factor for cases where dpi!=100
         px = int(np.round(np.sqrt(render_params.size) * (fig_params.fig.dpi / 100)))
+        sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].ds_pixel_spread = px
 
         # apply transformations
         transformed_element = PointsModel.parse(
@@ -577,11 +579,16 @@ def _render_points(
         if color_by_categorical and transformed_element[col_for_color].values.dtype == object:
             transformed_element[col_for_color] = transformed_element[col_for_color].astype("category")
         aggregate_with_reduction = None
+        # TODO: ask Sonja whether length of list is supposed to be checked here.
         if col_for_color is not None and (render_params.groups is None or len(render_params.groups) > 1):
             if color_by_categorical:
                 agg = cvs.points(transformed_element, "x", "y", agg=ds.by(col_for_color, ds.count()))
+                sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].ds_reduction = "count"
             else:
                 reduction_name = render_params.ds_reduction if render_params.ds_reduction is not None else "sum"
+
+                sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].ds_reduction = reduction_name
+                sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].colortype = "continuous"
                 logger.info(
                     f'Using the datashader reduction "{reduction_name}". "max" will give an output very close '
                     "to the matplotlib result."
@@ -593,6 +600,7 @@ def _render_points(
                 aggregate_with_reduction = (agg.min(), agg.max())
         else:
             agg = cvs.points(transformed_element, "x", "y", agg=ds.count())
+            sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].ds_reduction = "count"
 
         ds_span = None
         if norm.vmin is not None or norm.vmax is not None:
@@ -673,11 +681,14 @@ def _render_points(
                 vmin = norm.vmin - 0.5
                 vmax = norm.vmin + 0.5
             cax = ScalarMappable(
-                norm=matplotlib.colors.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax),
+                norm=matplotlib.colors.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, clip=norm.clip),
                 cmap=render_params.cmap_params.cmap,
             )
+            sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].cmap_params.cmap = cax.cmap
+            sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].cmap_params.norm = cax.norm
 
     elif method == "matplotlib":
+        sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].method = "matplotlib"
         # update axis limits if plot was empty before (necessary if datashader comes after)
         update_parameters = not _mpl_ax_contains_elements(ax)
         _cax = ax.scatter(
@@ -694,7 +705,7 @@ def _render_points(
         )
         cax = ax.add_collection(_cax)
 
-        sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].colortype = color_mapping
+        # sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].colortype = color_mapping
         if update_parameters:
             # necessary if points are plotted with mpl first and then with datashader
             extent = get_extent(sdata_filt.points[element], coordinate_system=coordinate_system)
@@ -704,10 +715,12 @@ def _render_points(
     if len(set(color_vector)) != 1 or list(set(color_vector))[0] != to_hex(render_params.cmap_params.na_color):
         if color_source_vector is None:
             palette = ListedColormap(dict.fromkeys(color_vector))
+            sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].colortype = "continuous"
         else:
             palette = ListedColormap(dict.fromkeys(color_vector[~pd.Categorical(color_source_vector).isnull()]))
 
-        sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].colortype = color_mapping
+        if not sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].colortype:
+            sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].colortype = color_mapping
 
         _ = _decorate_axs(
             ax=ax,
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
index ea574579..366308be 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ class PointsRenderParams:
     table_name: str | None = None
     table_layer: str | None = None
     ds_reduction: Literal["sum", "mean", "any", "count", "std", "var", "max", "min"] | None = None
+    ds_pixel_spread: float | None = None
 
 
 @dataclass

From 63c6d78e538dc977d172618e875d68e762643bf8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2025 16:03:42 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 19/56] initial completion shape configs

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py        | 110 +++++++++++++++++-
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py              |   1 +
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py             |  16 ++-
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py      |   2 +
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py              |  52 ---------
 ...der_circles_with_default_outline_width.png | Bin 24954 -> 0 bytes
 tests/pl/test_render_shapes.py                |   3 -
 7 files changed, 122 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 tests/_images/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_default_outline_width.png

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index b4f4c8e9..1c2029b3 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ def _add_table_lookup(
     return data_object
 
 
-def _add_datashade_transform_points(params, data_object):
+def _add_datashade_transform(params, data_object):
     if params.ds_reduction == "std":
         params.ds_reduction = "stdev"
     if params.ds_reduction == "var":
@@ -495,9 +495,12 @@ def _add_datashade_transform_points(params, data_object):
     data_object = _add_norm_transform(params, data_object)
     if data_object["transform"][-1]["type"] == "formula":
         field = data_object["transform"][-1]["as"]
-    data_object["transform"].append(
-        {"type": "spread", "field": [as_field], "px": params.ds_pixel_spread, "as": [as_field]}
-    )
+    if isinstance(params, PointsRenderParams):
+        data_object["transform"].append(
+            {"type": "spread", "field": [as_field], "px": params.ds_pixel_spread, "as": [as_field]}
+        )
+    else:
+        pass
     return data_object
 
 
@@ -588,7 +591,7 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
         if not params.ds_reduction:
             data_object = _add_norm_transform(params, data_object)
         if params.ds_reduction:
-            data_object = _add_datashade_transform_points(params, data_object)
+            data_object = _add_datashade_transform(params, data_object)
         color_scale_array = None
         if params.colortype:
             color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_points(params.cmap_params, params.colortype, params, data_object)
@@ -597,6 +600,22 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
             if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
                 legend_array = _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array)
         marks_object = _create_points_symbol_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
+    if "render_shapes" in call and isinstance(params, ShapesRenderParams):
+        data_object = _add_table_lookup(sdata, params, data_object, table_id)
+        if not params.ds_reduction:
+            data_object = _add_norm_transform(params, data_object)
+        if params.ds_reduction:
+            data_object = _add_datashade_transform(params, data_object)
+
+        color_scale_array = None
+        if params.colortype:
+            color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_points(params.cmap_params, params.colortype, params, data_object)
+            if params.colortype == "continuous":
+                legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
+            if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
+                legend_array = _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array)
+
+        marks_object = _create_shapes_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
 
     return data_object, marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array
 
@@ -635,9 +654,88 @@ def strip_alpha(hex_color: str) -> str:
     return hex_color
 
 
+def _create_shapes_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array):
+    encode_update = None
+    if not color_scale_array and not params.color:
+        fill_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False)}
+    elif not color_scale_array and params.color:
+        fill_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(params.color, keep_alpha=False)}
+    elif color_scale_array and (params.color or params.col_for_color):
+        if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
+            encode_update = {
+                "fill": [
+                    {
+                        "test": f"!isValid(datum.{params.col_for_color})",
+                        "value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False),
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+            fill_color = {"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "field": params.col_for_color}
+        else:
+            value = val[0] if isinstance(val := color_scale_array[0]["domain"]["field"], list) else val
+            fill_color = {"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": value}
+            encode_update = {"fill": []}
+            encode_update["fill"].append(
+                {
+                    "test": f"!isValid(datum.{params.col_for_color})",
+                    "value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False),
+                }
+            )
+            if (params.cmap_params.norm.vmin is not None or params.cmap_params.norm.vmax is not None) and (
+                params.cmap_params.cmap.get_under() is not None or params.cmap_params.cmap.get_over() is not None
+            ):
+                # or condition doesn't reach second condition if first condition is met
+                under_col = params.cmap_params.cmap.get_under()
+                over_col = params.cmap_params.cmap.get_over()
+                if under_col is not None:
+                    encode_update["fill"].append(
+                        {
+                            "test": f"datum.{value}) < {params.cmap_params.norm.vmin}",
+                            "value": mcolors.to_hex(under_col, keep_alpha=False),
+                        }
+                    )
+                if over_col is not None:
+                    encode_update["fill"].append(
+                        {
+                            "test": f"datum.{value}) > {params.cmap_params.norm.vmax}",
+                            "value": mcolors.to_hex(over_col, keep_alpha=False),
+                        }
+                    )
+
+    shapes_object = {
+        "type": "path",
+        "from": {"data": data_object["name"]},
+        "zindex": params.zorder,
+        "encode": {
+            "enter": {
+                "x": {"scale": "X_scale", "field": "x"},
+                "y": {"scale": "Y_scale", "field": "y"},
+                "scaleX": params.scale,
+                "scaleY": params.scale,
+                "fill": fill_color,
+                "fillOpacity": {"value": params.fill_alpha},
+            }
+        },
+    }
+
+    if params.outline_params.outline and params.outline_alpha != 0:
+        outline_par = params.outline_params
+        stroke_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(outline_par.outline_color, keep_alpha=False)}
+
+        shapes_object["encode"]["enter"].update(
+            {
+                "stroke": stroke_color,
+                "strokeWidth": {"value": outline_par.linewidth},
+                "strokeOpacity": {"value": params.outline_alpha},
+            }
+        )
+
+    return shapes_object
+
+
 def _create_points_symbol_marks_object(
     ax: Axes,
-    params: LabelsRenderParams,
+    params: PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams,
     data_object: dict[str, Any],
     call_count: int,
     color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] | None,
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
index 8802ea3e..728a16f6 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
@@ -994,6 +994,7 @@ def show(
                             fig_params=fig_params,
                             scalebar_params=scalebar_params,
                             legend_params=legend_params,
+                            render_count=prefix,
                         )
 
                 elif cmd == "render_points" and has_points:
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
index 9fbc8fbb..9883dccd 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ def _render_shapes(
     fig_params: FigParams,
     scalebar_params: ScalebarParams,
     legend_params: LegendParams,
+    render_count: int,
 ) -> None:
     element = render_params.element
     col_for_color = render_params.col_for_color
@@ -209,8 +210,11 @@ def _render_shapes(
         if col_for_color is not None and (render_params.groups is None or len(render_params.groups) > 1):
             if color_by_categorical:
                 agg = cvs.polygons(transformed_element, geometry="geometry", agg=ds.by(col_for_color, ds.count()))
+                sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_shapes"].ds_reduction = "count"
             else:
                 reduction_name = render_params.ds_reduction if render_params.ds_reduction is not None else "mean"
+                sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_shapes"].ds_reduction = reduction_name
+
                 logger.info(
                     f'Using the datashader reduction "{reduction_name}". "max" will give an output very close '
                     "to the matplotlib result."
@@ -222,6 +226,7 @@ def _render_shapes(
                 aggregate_with_reduction = (agg.min(), agg.max())
         else:
             agg = cvs.polygons(transformed_element, geometry="geometry", agg=ds.count())
+            sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_shapes"].ds_reduction = "count"
         # render outlines if needed
         if (render_outlines := render_params.outline_alpha) > 0:
             agg_outlines = cvs.line(
@@ -329,10 +334,13 @@ def _render_shapes(
                 # under values in case clip=True or clip=False with cmap(under)=cmap(0) & cmap(over)=cmap(1)
                 vmin = norm.vmin - 0.5
                 vmax = norm.vmin + 0.5
+
             cax = ScalarMappable(
-                norm=matplotlib.colors.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax),
+                norm=matplotlib.colors.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, clip=norm.clip),
                 cmap=render_params.cmap_params.cmap,
             )
+            sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_shapes"].cmap_params.cmap = cax.cmap
+            sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_shapes"].cmap_params.norm = cax.norm
 
     elif method == "matplotlib":
         _cax = _get_collection_shape(
@@ -357,6 +365,7 @@ def _render_shapes(
     if not values_are_categorical:
         # If the user passed a Normalize object with vmin/vmax we'll use those,
         # if not we'll use the min/max of the color_vector
+        sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_shapes"].colortype = "continuous"
         _cax.set_clim(
             vmin=render_params.cmap_params.norm.vmin or min(color_vector),
             vmax=render_params.cmap_params.norm.vmax or max(color_vector),
@@ -367,6 +376,11 @@ def _render_shapes(
         if color_source_vector is not None and render_params.col_for_color is not None:
             color_source_vector = color_source_vector.remove_unused_categories()
 
+        if not sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_shapes"].colortype and color_mapping:
+            key_diff = set(color_mapping.keys()).difference(color_source_vector)
+            color_mapping = {k: v for k, v in color_mapping.items() if k not in key_diff}
+            sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_shapes"].colortype = color_mapping
+
         # False if user specified color-like with 'color' parameter
         colorbar = False if render_params.col_for_color is None else legend_params.colorbar
 
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
index 366308be..b23a6ea1 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ class ShapesRenderParams:
     element: str
     color: str | None = None
     col_for_color: str | None = None
+    colortype: str | None = None
     groups: str | list[str] | None = None
     contour_px: int | None = None
     palette: ListedColormap | list[str] | None = None
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ class ShapesRenderParams:
     table_name: str | None = None
     table_layer: str | None = None
     ds_reduction: Literal["sum", "mean", "any", "count", "std", "var", "max", "min"] | None = None
+    ds_pixel_spread: float | None = None
 
 
 @dataclass
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py
index 6d856c25..4606a2f1 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 import pandas as pd
 import shapely
 import spatialdata as sd
-import xarray as xr
 from anndata import AnnData
 from cycler import Cycler, cycler
 from datashader.core import Canvas
@@ -586,57 +585,6 @@ def _get_subplots(num_images: int, ncols: int = 4, width: int = 4, height: int =
     return fig, axes
 
 
-def _normalize(
-    img: xr.DataArray,
-    pmin: float | None = None,
-    pmax: float | None = None,
-    eps: float = 1e-20,
-    clip: bool = False,
-    name: str = "normed",
-) -> xr.DataArray:
-    """Perform a min max normalisation on the xr.DataArray.
-
-    This function was adapted from the csbdeep package.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    dataarray
-        A xarray DataArray with an image field.
-    pmin
-        Lower quantile (min value) used to perform quantile normalization.
-    pmax
-        Upper quantile (max value) used to perform quantile normalization.
-    eps
-        Epsilon float added to prevent 0 division.
-    clip
-        Ensures that normed image array contains no values greater than 1.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    xr.DataArray
-        A min-max normalized image.
-    """
-    pmin = pmin or 0.0
-    pmax = pmax or 100.0
-
-    perc = np.percentile(img, [pmin, pmax])
-
-    # Ensure perc is an array of two elements
-    if np.isscalar(perc):
-        logger.warning(
-            "Percentile range is too small, using the same percentile for both min "
-            "and max. Consider using a larger percentile range."
-        )
-        perc = np.array([perc, perc])
-
-    norm = (img - perc[0]) / (perc[1] - perc[0] + eps)  # type: ignore
-
-    if clip:
-        norm = np.clip(norm, 0, 1)
-
-    return norm
-
-
 def _get_colors_for_categorical_obs(
     categories: Sequence[str | int],
     palette: ListedColormap | str | list[str] | None = None,
diff --git a/tests/_images/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_default_outline_width.png b/tests/_images/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_default_outline_width.png
deleted file mode 100644
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diff --git a/tests/pl/test_render_shapes.py b/tests/pl/test_render_shapes.py
index 101f7319..5ccca4f8 100644
--- a/tests/pl/test_render_shapes.py
+++ b/tests/pl/test_render_shapes.py
@@ -65,9 +65,6 @@ def test_plot_can_render_empty_geometry(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
         sdata_blobs.shapes["blobs_circles"].at[0, "geometry"] = gpd.points_from_xy([None], [None])[0]
         sdata_blobs.pl.render_shapes().pl.show()
 
-    def test_plot_can_render_circles_with_default_outline_width(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
-        sdata_blobs.pl.render_shapes(element="blobs_circles", outline_alpha=1).pl.show()
-
     def test_plot_can_render_circles_with_specified_outline_width(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
         sdata_blobs.pl.render_shapes(element="blobs_circles", outline_alpha=1, outline_width=3.0).pl.show()
 

From 4b26cbcd7a21ec0414a49b782e7e6db520abbce0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2025 14:15:26 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 20/56] initial refactor + pydantic preliminary

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py      |  43 +-----
 src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/__init__.py |   0
 src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/data.py     |   0
 src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/scales.py   | 137 ++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/conftest.py                           |   8 +-
 5 files changed, 146 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/data.py
 create mode 100644 src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/scales.py

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index 1c2029b3..69c0dc8e 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
     PointsRenderParams,
     ShapesRenderParams,
 )
+from spatialdata_plot.viewconfig.scales import _create_axis_scale_array
 
 Params = ImageRenderParams | LabelsRenderParams | PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams
 
@@ -40,46 +41,6 @@ def from_matplotlib(cls, alignment: str) -> str:
         return mapping.get(alignment, cls.CENTER).value
 
 
-def _create_axis_scale_block(ax: Axes) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-    """Create vega scales object pertaining to both the x and the y axis.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    ax : Axes
-        A matplotlib Axes instance which represents one (sub)plot in a matplotlib figure.
-    """
-    scales = []
-    scales.append(_get_axis_scale_config(ax, "x"))
-    scales.append(_get_axis_scale_config(ax, "y"))
-    return scales
-
-
-def _get_axis_scale_config(ax: Axes, axis_name: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    """Provide a vega like scales object particular for one of the plotting axes.
-
-    Note that in vega, this config also contains the fields reverse and zero.
-    However, given that we specify the domain explicitly, these are not required here.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    ax : Axes
-        A matplotlib Axes instance which represents one (sub)plot in a matplotlib figure.
-    axis_name: str
-        Which axis the config should be made for, either "x" or "y".
-    """
-    scale: dict[str, Any] = {}
-    scale["name"] = f"{axis_name.upper()}_scale"
-    if axis_name == "x":
-        scale["type"] = ax.get_xaxis().get_scale()
-        scale["domain"] = [ax.get_xlim()[0].item(), ax.get_xlim()[1].item()]
-        scale["range"] = "width"
-    if axis_name == "y":
-        scale["type"] = ax.get_yaxis().get_scale()
-        scale["domain"] = [ax.get_ylim()[0].item(), ax.get_ylim()[1].item()]
-        scale["range"] = "height"
-    return scale
-
-
 def _create_padding_object(fig: Figure) -> dict[str, float]:
     """Get the padding parameters for a vega viewconfiguration.
 
@@ -1031,7 +992,7 @@ def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, legend_params:
     ax = fig_params.ax
     data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array, legend_array = _create_data_configs(sdata, fig, ax, cs, sdata._path)
 
-    scales_array = _create_axis_scale_block(ax)
+    scales_array = _create_axis_scale_array(ax)
     axis_array = _create_axis_block(ax, scales_array, fig.dpi)
 
     scales = scales_array + color_scale_array if len(color_scale_array) > 0 else scales_array
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/__init__.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/data.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/data.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/scales.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/scales.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6750ba5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/scales.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+from matplotlib.axes import Axes
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+def _create_axis_scale_array(ax: Axes) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Create vega scales object pertaining to both the x and the y axis.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ax : Axes
+        A matplotlib Axes instance which represents one (sub)plot in a matplotlib figure.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    scales: list[dict[str, Any]]
+        An array containing individual scales objects with the parameters for the x and y axis of a plot.
+    """
+    scales = []
+    scales.append(_get_axis_scale_object(ax, "x"))
+    scales.append(_get_axis_scale_object(ax, "y"))
+    return scales
+
+
+def _get_axis_scale_object(ax: Axes, axis_name: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Provide a vega like scales object particular for one of the plotting axes.
+
+    Note that in vega, this config also contains the fields reverse and zero.
+    However, given that we specify the domain explicitly, these are not required here.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ax : Axes
+        A matplotlib Axes instance which represents one (sub)plot in a matplotlib figure.
+    axis_name: str
+        Which axis the config should be made for, either "x" or "y".
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    scale: dict[str, Any]
+        A vega like scale object containing the type of scale, the domain (xlim or ylim) and the range (`width` for
+        x axis and `height` for y axis).
+    """
+    scale_type = ax.get_xaxis().get_scale() if axis_name == "x" else ax.get_yaxis().get_scale()
+    domain = (
+        [ax.get_xlim()[0].item(), ax.get_xlim()[1].item()]
+        if axis_name == "x"
+        else [ax.get_ylim()[0].item(), ax.get_ylim()[1].item()]
+    )
+
+    return {
+        "name": f"{axis_name.upper()}_scale",
+        "type": scale_type,
+        "domain": domain,
+        "range": "width" if axis_name == "x" else "height",
+    }
+
+
+class AxisScaleObject(BaseModel):
+    """Represents a scale configuration for a single axis in a vega-like format.
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale, typically formatted as "X_scale" or "Y_scale".
+    type : Literal["linear", "log", "symlog", "logit"]
+        The type of scale used for the axis, matching common matplotlib scale types.
+    domain : list[float]
+        The domain of the axis, defined by the minimum and maximum values.
+    range : Literal["width", "height"]
+        The mapping of the axis to the corresponding plot dimension.
+    """
+
+    name: str
+    type: Literal[
+        "asinh", "function", "functionlog", "linear", "log", "logit", "symlog"
+    ]  # Common matplotlib scale types
+    domain: list[float]
+    range: Literal["width", "height"]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_axis_scale_object_from_mpl(cls, ax: Axes, axis_name: str) -> "AxisScaleObject":
+        """Generate a scale object for a given axis in a vega-like format.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        ax : Axes
+            A matplotlib Axes instance representing a subplot.
+        axis_name : str
+            The axis to configure, either "x" or "y".
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        AxisScale
+            A validated scale configuration for the specified axis.
+        """
+        scale_type = ax.get_xaxis().get_scale() if axis_name == "x" else ax.get_yaxis().get_scale()
+        domain = (
+            [ax.get_xlim()[0].item(), ax.get_xlim()[1].item()]
+            if axis_name == "x"
+            else [ax.get_ylim()[0].item(), ax.get_ylim()[1].item()]
+        )
+
+        return cls(
+            name=f"{axis_name.upper()}_scale",
+            type=scale_type,
+            domain=domain,
+            range="width" if axis_name == "x" else "height",
+        )
+
+
+class AxisScaleArray(BaseModel):
+    """Represents an array of AxisScaleObject instances."""
+
+    scales: list[AxisScaleObject]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_axis_scale_array_from_mpl(cls, ax: Axes) -> "AxisScaleArray":
+        """Create a list of scale objects for both the x and y axes.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        ax : Axes
+            A matplotlib Axes instance representing a subplot.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        list[AxisScale]
+            A list containing scale configurations for both x and y axes.
+        """
+        return cls(
+            scales=[
+                AxisScaleObject.get_axis_scale_object_from_mpl(ax, "x"),
+                AxisScaleObject.get_axis_scale_object_from_mpl(ax, "y"),
+            ]
+        )
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 688379f2..e5290163 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -429,7 +429,13 @@ def _decorate(fn: Callable, clsname: str, name: str | None = None) -> Callable:
     @wraps(fn)
     def save_and_compare(self, *args, **kwargs):
         # we need the test to contain one of these parameters as argument; the view configuration will be saved there
-        keys_to_check = ["sdata_blobs", "sdata_blobs_str", "sdata_raccoon", "sdata_empty"]
+        keys_to_check = [
+            "sdata_blobs",
+            "sdata_blobs_str",
+            "sdata_raccoon",
+            "sdata_empty",
+            "sdata_blobs_shapes_annotated",
+        ]
         sdata = None
         for key in keys_to_check:
             sdata = kwargs.get(key)

From 288e419c2e101a7177c4df2ab97baa41ab492e4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2025 14:44:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 21/56] further refactor -> padding object to layout

---
 .../{viewconfig => _viewconfig}/__init__.py   |  0
 .../{viewconfig => _viewconfig}/data.py       |  0
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/layout.py    | 19 ++++++++++++
 .../{viewconfig => _viewconfig}/scales.py     |  8 ++---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py        | 29 +++----------------
 5 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)
 rename src/spatialdata_plot/{viewconfig => _viewconfig}/__init__.py (100%)
 rename src/spatialdata_plot/{viewconfig => _viewconfig}/data.py (100%)
 create mode 100644 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/layout.py
 rename src/spatialdata_plot/{viewconfig => _viewconfig}/scales.py (94%)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/__init__.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/__init__.py
rename to src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/data.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py
similarity index 100%
rename from src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/data.py
rename to src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/layout.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/layout.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ff73246
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/layout.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from matplotlib.figure import Figure
+
+
+def create_padding_object(fig: Figure) -> dict[str, float]:
+    """Get the padding parameters for a vega viewconfiguration.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fig : Figure
+        The matplotlib figure. The top level container for all the plot elements.
+    """
+    # contains also wspace and hspace but does not seem to be used by vega here.
+    padding_obj = fig.subplotpars
+    return {
+        "left": (padding_obj.left * fig.bbox.width),
+        "top": ((1 - padding_obj.top) * fig.bbox.height),
+        "right": ((1 - padding_obj.right) * fig.bbox.width),
+        "bottom": (padding_obj.bottom * fig.bbox.height),
+    }
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/scales.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
similarity index 94%
rename from src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/scales.py
rename to src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
index 6750ba5d..76d2824b 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/viewconfig/scales.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
 
-def _create_axis_scale_array(ax: Axes) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+def create_axis_scale_array(ax: Axes) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
     """Create vega scales object pertaining to both the x and the y axis.
 
     Parameters
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ def _create_axis_scale_array(ax: Axes) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         An array containing individual scales objects with the parameters for the x and y axis of a plot.
     """
     scales = []
-    scales.append(_get_axis_scale_object(ax, "x"))
-    scales.append(_get_axis_scale_object(ax, "y"))
+    scales.append(get_axis_scale_object(ax, "x"))
+    scales.append(get_axis_scale_object(ax, "y"))
     return scales
 
 
-def _get_axis_scale_object(ax: Axes, axis_name: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+def get_axis_scale_object(ax: Axes, axis_name: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Provide a vega like scales object particular for one of the plotting axes.
 
     Note that in vega, this config also contains the fields reverse and zero.
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index 69c0dc8e..f71ce33a 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 from matplotlib.figure import Figure
 from spatialdata.models import get_table_keys
 
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.layout import create_padding_object
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.scales import create_axis_scale_array
 from spatialdata_plot.pl.render_params import (
     CmapParams,
     FigParams,
@@ -20,7 +22,6 @@
     PointsRenderParams,
     ShapesRenderParams,
 )
-from spatialdata_plot.viewconfig.scales import _create_axis_scale_array
 
 Params = ImageRenderParams | LabelsRenderParams | PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams
 
@@ -41,28 +42,6 @@ def from_matplotlib(cls, alignment: str) -> str:
         return mapping.get(alignment, cls.CENTER).value
 
 
-def _create_padding_object(fig: Figure) -> dict[str, float]:
-    """Get the padding parameters for a vega viewconfiguration.
-
-    Given that matplotlib gives the padding parameters as a fraction of the the figure width or height and
-    vega gives it as absolute number of pixels we need to convert from the fraction to the number of pixels.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    fig : Figure
-        The matplotlib figure. The top level container for all the plot elements.
-    """
-    fig_width_pixels, fig_height_pixels = fig.get_size_inches() * fig.dpi
-    # contains also wspace and hspace but does not seem to be used by vega here.
-    padding_obj = fig.subplotpars
-    return {
-        "left": (padding_obj.left * fig_width_pixels).item(),
-        "top": ((1 - padding_obj.top) * fig_height_pixels).item(),
-        "right": ((1 - padding_obj.right) * fig_width_pixels).item(),
-        "bottom": (padding_obj.bottom * fig_height_pixels).item(),
-    }
-
-
 def _create_random_colorscale(data_id: str, field: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
     """Create a vega like colorscale for random colors.
 
@@ -992,7 +971,7 @@ def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, legend_params:
     ax = fig_params.ax
     data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array, legend_array = _create_data_configs(sdata, fig, ax, cs, sdata._path)
 
-    scales_array = _create_axis_scale_array(ax)
+    scales_array = create_axis_scale_array(ax)
     axis_array = _create_axis_block(ax, scales_array, fig.dpi)
 
     scales = scales_array + color_scale_array if len(color_scale_array) > 0 else scales_array
@@ -1001,7 +980,7 @@ def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, legend_params:
         "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
         "height": fig.bbox.height,  # matplotlib uses inches, but vega uses absolute pixels
         "width": fig.bbox.width,
-        "padding": _create_padding_object(fig),
+        "padding": create_padding_object(fig),
         "title": _create_title_config(ax, fig),
         "data": data_array,
         "scales": scales,

From f52a3aa37e1a2e1ebeb2ec497147c2dd52dd8a5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2025 11:48:13 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 22/56] refactor color scales

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py    | 189 +++++++++++
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py        | 298 ++++++------------
 ..._can_plot_with_one_element_color_table.png | Bin 0 -> 37015 bytes
 tests/pl/test_render_labels.py                |  14 +-
 4 files changed, 284 insertions(+), 217 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/_images/Labels_can_plot_with_one_element_color_table.png

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
index 76d2824b..f6a23f7f 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 from typing import Any, Literal
+from uuid import uuid4
 
+import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
 from matplotlib.axes import Axes
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
+from spatialdata_plot.pl.render_params import CmapParams, LabelsRenderParams, PointsRenderParams, ShapesRenderParams
+
 
 def create_axis_scale_array(ax: Axes) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
     """Create vega scales object pertaining to both the x and the y axis.
@@ -57,6 +61,191 @@ def get_axis_scale_object(ax: Axes, axis_name: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     }
 
 
+def _generate_color_scale_object(
+    name: str, type_scale: str, domain: list[str] | dict[str, str], color_range: list[str] | dict[str, str | int]
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create vega like color scale object.
+
+    This function is a helper function to generate any kind of color scale object, whether linear or categorical /
+    ordinal.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name by which others parts of the view configuration can refer to the color scale object.
+    type_scale : str
+        The type of color scale. Usually either `linear` or `ordinal`.
+    domain : list[str] | dict[str, str]
+        The domain of the color scale, meaning the actual values to which a color must be mapped. Can be either
+        an array of strings or if the `type` is `linear` it can be an object containing  `data` and `field` keys, which
+        are derived from a data object.
+    color_range : list[str] | dict[str, str | int]
+        The range of the color scale, meaning the colors which are mapped to a particular value given by the `domain`.
+        Either an object containing the `scheme` with as value the colormap name and the `count` stating the number
+        of colors in the colormap. Otherwise, it is an array of hex colors represented by strings.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    A vega-like color scale object.
+    """
+    return {
+        "name": name,
+        "type": type_scale,
+        "domain": domain,
+        "range": color_range,
+    }
+
+
+def _create_random_colorscale(data_id: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create a vega-like colorscale for random colors.
+
+    There is no way currently to create a vega color scale object with random colors without serializing those. Need to
+    find a way to agree on this.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data_id: str
+        The name of the derived data object that pertains to a spatialdata element for which a color scale array object
+        is created.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    A vega like color scale object for random color assignment.
+    """
+    return _generate_color_scale_object(f"color_{uuid4()}", "ordinal", {"data": data_id, "field": "value"}, ["random"])
+
+
+def create_categorical_colorscale(color_mapping: dict[str, str]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Create a categorical Vega-like color scale array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    color_mapping: dict[str, str]
+        A mapping of individual values in usually a table column to their corresponding hex color in the visualization.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    A vega like color scale array containing in this case one color scale object.
+    """
+    return [
+        _generate_color_scale_object(
+            f"color_{uuid4()}", "ordinal", list(color_mapping.keys()), list(color_mapping.values())
+        )
+    ]
+
+
+def _process_colormap(cmap: CmapParams) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Process colormap to return a Vega color range dictionary.
+
+    cmap: CmapParams
+        An instance of CmapParams containing information pertaining colormap used and normalization applied.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The `range` value of a vega like color scale object.
+    """
+    if isinstance(cmap, mcolors.ListedColormap | mcolors.LinearSegmentedColormap):
+        if cmap.name in {"from_list", "custom_colormap"}:
+            # TODO: Handle custom colormap logic
+            return {}
+        return {"scheme": cmap.name, "count": cmap.N}
+    return {}
+
+
+def create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(
+    coloring: dict[str, str] | Literal["continuous"] | None,
+    params: PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams | LabelsRenderParams,
+    data_object: dict[str, Any],
+) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Create a vega like colorscale array based on the colormap parameters for points or shapes.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    coloring: dict[str, str] | str | None
+        Either a categorical mapping of values to hex color strings or the literal `continuous` in case of a
+        numerical column being used to determine the color of SpatialData shapes or points.
+    params: PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams
+        The render parameters for a given SpatialData points or shapes element.
+    data_object: dict[str, Any]
+        A vega like data object pertaining to a Spatialdata points or shapes element
+        to which the color scale is applied.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    A vega like colorscale array containing in this case one color scale object pertaining to a SpatialData points
+    or shapes element.
+    """
+    color_scale_object = {"name": f"color_{uuid4()}"}
+
+    if isinstance(coloring, dict):
+        color_scale_object.update(
+            _generate_color_scale_object(
+                color_scale_object["name"],
+                "ordinal",
+                list(coloring.keys()),
+                [mcolors.to_hex(col, keep_alpha=False) for col in coloring.values()],
+            )
+        )
+    elif coloring == "continuous":
+        if isinstance(params, LabelsRenderParams):
+            field = data_object["transform"][-1].get("as") or [params.color]
+        else:
+            field = data_object["transform"][-1].get("as") or [params.col_for_color]
+        color_scale_object.update(
+            _generate_color_scale_object(
+                color_scale_object["name"],
+                "linear",
+                {"data": data_object["name"], "field": field},
+                _process_colormap(params.cmap_params.cmap),
+            )
+        )
+    elif coloring == "random":
+        color_scale_object.update(
+            _create_random_colorscale(
+                data_object["name"],
+            )
+        )
+
+    return [color_scale_object]
+
+
+def create_colorscale_array_image(
+    cmap_params: list[CmapParams] | CmapParams, data_id: str, field: list[str] | list[int] | int | str | None
+) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Create a Vega-like color scale array for a SpatialData image element.
+
+    cmap_params: list[CmapParams] | CmapParams
+        The colormap parameters used to color a particular SpatialData image element.
+    data_id: str
+        The `name` in the vega like derived data object pertaining to a SpatialData image element.
+    field: list[str] | list[int] | int | str | None
+        The part of the SpatialData image or labels element to which apply the color. If `string` or
+        `list` of `strings` it pertains to individual channel names, if `int` or `list` of `int`
+        it pertains to the index or indices of image channel(s).
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    A color scale array containing vega-like color scale objects pertaining to a SpatialData image element.
+    """
+    cmaps = [param.cmap for param in cmap_params] if isinstance(cmap_params, list) else [cmap_params.cmap]
+    cmaps = cmaps[0] if isinstance(cmaps[0], list) else cmaps
+
+    color_scale_array = []
+    for index, cmap in enumerate(cmaps):
+        type_scale = "linear"
+        color_range = _process_colormap(cmap)
+
+        if isinstance(field, int | list):
+            field = f"channel_{index}"
+        field = field or "value"
+
+        color_scale_array.append(
+            _generate_color_scale_object(f"color_{uuid4()}", type_scale, {"data": data_id, "field": field}, color_range)
+        )
+
+    return color_scale_array
+
+
 class AxisScaleObject(BaseModel):
     """Represents a scale configuration for a single axis in a vega-like format.
 
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index f71ce33a..5f7e9594 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -13,9 +13,12 @@
 from spatialdata.models import get_table_keys
 
 from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.layout import create_padding_object
-from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.scales import create_axis_scale_array
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.scales import (
+    create_axis_scale_array,
+    create_colorscale_array_image,
+    create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels,
+)
 from spatialdata_plot.pl.render_params import (
-    CmapParams,
     FigParams,
     ImageRenderParams,
     LabelsRenderParams,
@@ -42,142 +45,6 @@ def from_matplotlib(cls, alignment: str) -> str:
         return mapping.get(alignment, cls.CENTER).value
 
 
-def _create_random_colorscale(data_id: str, field: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-    """Create a vega like colorscale for random colors.
-
-    This scale is used in case there is a label image for which the labels are visualized by random colors.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    data_id : str
-        The ID of the derived data object that pertains to a spatialdata label element.
-    field : str
-        The value of the derived datablock to which the color scale gets applied. Typically `value`.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    The array containing the vega like random color scale object.
-    """
-    return [
-        {
-            "name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}",
-            "type": "ordinal",
-            "domain": {"data": data_id, "field": field},
-            "range": ["random"],  # TODO: decide how to better do this to simulate label2rgb
-        }
-    ]
-
-
-def _create_categorical_colorscale(color_mapping: dict[str, str]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-    """Create a categorical vega like color scale array.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    color_mapping : dict[str, str]
-        The mapping of categorical values to colors as hex string.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    The array containing the vega like ordinal color scale object.
-    """
-    return [
-        {
-            "name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}",
-            "type": "ordinal",
-            "domain": list(color_mapping.keys()),
-            "range": list(color_mapping.values()),
-        }
-    ]
-
-
-def _create_colorscale_points(
-    cmap_params: list[CmapParams] | CmapParams, color_mapping: None | dict[str, str], params, data_object: str
-) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-    cmaps = [cmap_params.cmap] if not isinstance(cmap_params, list) else [param.cmap for param in cmap_params]
-    cmaps = cmaps[0] if isinstance(cmaps[0], list) else cmaps  # Happens if palette is specified as list of strings
-    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
-
-    color_scale_object = {"name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}"}
-    if isinstance(color_mapping, dict):
-        color_scale_object.update(
-            {
-                "type": "ordinal",
-                "domain": list(color_mapping.keys()),
-                "range": [mcolors.to_hex(col) for col in color_mapping.values()],
-            }
-        )
-    elif color_mapping == "continuous":
-        data_id = data_object["name"]
-        field = data_object["transform"][-1].get("as")
-        if not field:
-            field = [params.col_for_color]
-        color_scale_object.update(
-            {
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {"data": data_id, "field": field},
-                "range": {"scheme": params.cmap_params.cmap.name, "count": params.cmap_params.cmap.N},
-            }
-        )
-
-    color_scale_array.append(color_scale_object)
-    return color_scale_array
-
-
-def _create_colorscale_image(
-    cmap_params: list[CmapParams] | CmapParams, data_id: str, field: list[str] | list[int] | int | str | None
-) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-    """Create a vega like color scale array to be applied to an image.
-
-    This in particular creates a color scale array based on the colormaps that are part of the ImageRenderParams.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    cmap_params : CmapParams
-        The colormap parameters used to plot the spatialdata image element.
-    data_id: str
-        The ID of the derived data object that pertains to a spatialdata image element.
-    field:
-        The value of the derived datablock to which the color scale is applied. In case of an image
-        can be a channel or list of channels or the index thereof.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    The array containing the vega like color scale array.
-    """
-    cmaps = [cmap_params.cmap] if not isinstance(cmap_params, list) else [param.cmap for param in cmap_params]
-    cmaps = cmaps[0] if isinstance(cmaps[0], list) else cmaps  # Happens if palette is specified as list of strings
-    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
-    for index, cmap in enumerate(cmaps):
-        # TODO: check why listedcolormap is only passed on when we specify channel.
-        if isinstance(cmap, mcolors.ListedColormap):
-            type_scale = "linear"
-            if cmap.name == "from_list":  # default name when cmap is custom.
-                # TODO: complete this for all types of cmaps
-                pass
-            else:
-                color_range = {"scheme": cmap.name, "count": cmap.N}
-        elif isinstance(cmap, mcolors.LinearSegmentedColormap):
-            type_scale = "linear"
-            if cmap.name == "custom_colormap":
-                pass
-            else:
-                color_range = {"scheme": cmap.name, "count": cmap.N}
-        if isinstance(field, int | list):
-            field = f"channel_{index}"
-        if not field:
-            field = "value"
-        color_scale_object = {
-            "name": f"color_{str(uuid4())}",
-            "type": type_scale,
-            "domain": {"data": data_id, "field": field},
-            "range": color_range,
-        }
-
-        color_scale_array.append(color_scale_object)
-
-    return color_scale_array
-
-
 def _create_base_level_sdata_block(url: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Create the vega json object for the SpatialData zarr store.
 
@@ -226,7 +93,7 @@ def _create_legend_title_config(title_obj: Text, dpi: float) -> dict[str, Any]:
     }
 
 
-def _create_categorical_legend(fig: Figure, color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+def _create_categorical_legend(fig: Figure, color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]], ax: Axes) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
     """Create vega like categorical legend array.
 
     Parameters
@@ -235,13 +102,14 @@ def _create_categorical_legend(fig: Figure, color_scale_array: list[dict[str, An
         The matplotlib figure.
     color_scale_array : list[dict[str, Any]]
         The vega like color scale array for which the vega like legend array will be created.
+    ax : Axes
+        A matplotlib Axes object.
 
     Returns
     -------
     The vega like categorical legend array.
     """
     legend_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
-    ax = fig.get_axes()[0]
     legend = ax.legend()
     legend_bbox_props = legend.get_frame().properties()
     legend_bbox = legend.get_tightbbox()
@@ -305,48 +173,49 @@ def _create_colorbar_legend(
         if cbar:
             cbars.append(cbar)
 
-    for col_config in color_scale_array:
-        cbar = cbars[legend_count]
+    if len(cbars) != 0:
+        for col_config in color_scale_array:
+            cbar = cbars[legend_count]
 
-        axis_props = cbar.ax.properties()
-        if cbar.orientation == "vertical":
-            gradient_length = cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[-1] * fig.get_figheight() * fig.dpi
-            label = axis_props["yticklabels"][0].properties()
-        else:
-            gradient_length = cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[-2] * fig.get_figwidth() * fig.dpi
-            label = axis_props["xticklabels"][0].properties()
-        if col_config["type"] == "linear":
-            legend_type = "gradient"
-        spine_outline = cbar.outline.properties()  # outline of the colorbar lining
-
-        stroke_color = mcolors.to_hex(spine_outline["facecolor"]) if spine_outline["facecolor"][-1] > 0 else None
-        legend_title_object = _create_legend_title_config(cbar.ax.title, fig.dpi)
-        # TODO: do we require padding? it is not obvious to get from matplotlib
-        legend_object = {
-            "type": legend_type,
-            "direction": cbar.orientation,
-            "orient": "none",  # Required in vega in order to use the x and y position
-            "fill": color_scale_array[0]["name"],
-            "fillColor": mcolors.to_hex(cbar.ax.get_facecolor()),
-            "gradientLength": gradient_length,  # alpha if alpha := getattr(cbar.cmap, "_lut", None)[0][-1] else
-            "gradientOpacity": cbar.mappable.get_alpha(),
-            "gradientThickness": (cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[2] * fig.dpi) / 72,
-            "gradientStrokeColor": stroke_color,
-            "gradientStrokeWidth": (spine_outline["linewidth"] * fig.dpi) / 72 if stroke_color else None,
-            "values": list(cbar.ax.get_yticks()),
-            "labelAlign": label["horizontalalignment"],
-            "labelColor": mcolors.to_hex(label["color"]),
-            "labelFont": label["fontname"],
-            "labelFontSize": (label["fontsize"] * fig.dpi) / 72,
-            "labelFontStyle": label["fontstyle"],
-            "labelFontWeight": label["fontweight"],
-            "legendX": cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[0],
-            "legendY": fig.bbox.height - cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[1] - cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[3],
-            "zindex": axis_props["zorder"],
-        }
-        if legend_title_object["title"] != "":
-            legend_object.update(legend_title_object)
-        legend_array.append(legend_object)
+            axis_props = cbar.ax.properties()
+            if cbar.orientation == "vertical":
+                gradient_length = cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[-1] * fig.get_figheight() * fig.dpi
+                label = axis_props["yticklabels"][0].properties()
+            else:
+                gradient_length = cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[-2] * fig.get_figwidth() * fig.dpi
+                label = axis_props["xticklabels"][0].properties()
+            if col_config["type"] == "linear":
+                legend_type = "gradient"
+            spine_outline = cbar.outline.properties()  # outline of the colorbar lining
+
+            stroke_color = mcolors.to_hex(spine_outline["facecolor"]) if spine_outline["facecolor"][-1] > 0 else None
+            legend_title_object = _create_legend_title_config(cbar.ax.title, fig.dpi)
+            # TODO: do we require padding? it is not obvious to get from matplotlib
+            legend_object = {
+                "type": legend_type,
+                "direction": cbar.orientation,
+                "orient": "none",  # Required in vega in order to use the x and y position
+                "fill": color_scale_array[0]["name"],
+                "fillColor": mcolors.to_hex(cbar.ax.get_facecolor()),
+                "gradientLength": gradient_length,  # alpha if alpha := getattr(cbar.cmap, "_lut", None)[0][-1] else
+                "gradientOpacity": cbar.mappable.get_alpha(),
+                "gradientThickness": (cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[2] * fig.dpi) / 72,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": stroke_color,
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": (spine_outline["linewidth"] * fig.dpi) / 72 if stroke_color else None,
+                "values": list(cbar.ax.get_yticks()),
+                "labelAlign": label["horizontalalignment"],
+                "labelColor": mcolors.to_hex(label["color"]),
+                "labelFont": label["fontname"],
+                "labelFontSize": (label["fontsize"] * fig.dpi) / 72,
+                "labelFontStyle": label["fontstyle"],
+                "labelFontWeight": label["fontweight"],
+                "legendX": cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[0],
+                "legendY": fig.bbox.height - cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[1] - cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[3],
+                "zindex": axis_props["zorder"],
+            }
+            if legend_title_object["title"] != "":
+                legend_object.update(legend_title_object)
+            legend_array.append(legend_object)
     return legend_array
 
 
@@ -399,7 +268,10 @@ def _add_table_lookup(
     """
     if table_id and not isinstance(params, ImageRenderParams):
         _, _, instance_key = get_table_keys(sdata[params.table_name])
-        color = params.color if params.color else params.col_for_color
+        if isinstance(params, LabelsRenderParams):
+            color = params.color
+        else:
+            color = params.color if params.color else params.col_for_color
         data_object["transform"].append(
             {
                 "type": "lookup",
@@ -492,7 +364,6 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
         data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_point", "version": 0.1}
     elif "render_shapes" in call:
         data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_shape", "version": 0.1}
-        marks_object = {"a": 5}
     else:
         raise ValueError(f"Unknown call: {call}")
 
@@ -506,25 +377,24 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
         # Use isinstance because of possible 0 value
         data_object = _add_norm_transform(params, data_object)
 
-        color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_image(params.cmap_params, data_object["name"], params.channel)
+        color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_image(params.cmap_params, data_object["name"], params.channel)
         legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
         marks_object = _create_raster_image_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
     if "render_labels" in call and isinstance(params, LabelsRenderParams):
         data_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_scale", "expr": params.scale})
         data_object = _add_table_lookup(sdata, params, data_object, table_id)
-        if data_object["transform"][-1]["type"] == "lookup":
-            color_field = data_object["transform"][-1]["values"][0]
         data_object = _add_norm_transform(params, data_object)
+
+        # if it is a hex color then it should be directly used in the marks object.
+        if not mcolors.is_color_like(params.colortype):
+            color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(params.colortype, params, data_object)
         if params.colortype == "continuous":
-            color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_image(params.cmap_params, data_object["name"], color_field)
+            # color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_image(params.cmap_params, data_object["name"], color_field)
             legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
-        if params.colortype == "categorical":
-            pass
         if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
-            color_scale_array = _create_categorical_colorscale(params.colortype)
-            legend_array = _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array)
-        if params.colortype == "random":
-            color_scale_array = _create_random_colorscale(data_object["name"], "value")
+            # color_scale_array = _create_categorical_colorscale(params.colortype)
+            legend_array = _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array, ax)
+
         marks_object = _create_raster_label_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
     if "render_points" in call and isinstance(params, PointsRenderParams):
         data_object = _add_table_lookup(sdata, params, data_object, table_id)
@@ -534,11 +404,11 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
             data_object = _add_datashade_transform(params, data_object)
         color_scale_array = None
         if params.colortype:
-            color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_points(params.cmap_params, params.colortype, params, data_object)
+            color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(params.colortype, params, data_object)
             if params.colortype == "continuous":
                 legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
             if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
-                legend_array = _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array)
+                legend_array = _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array, ax)
         marks_object = _create_points_symbol_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
     if "render_shapes" in call and isinstance(params, ShapesRenderParams):
         data_object = _add_table_lookup(sdata, params, data_object, table_id)
@@ -549,11 +419,11 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
 
         color_scale_array = None
         if params.colortype:
-            color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_points(params.cmap_params, params.colortype, params, data_object)
+            color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(params.colortype, params, data_object)
             if params.colortype == "continuous":
                 legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
             if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
-                legend_array = _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array)
+                legend_array = _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array, ax)
 
         marks_object = _create_shapes_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
 
@@ -588,12 +458,6 @@ def _create_raster_image_marks_object(
     }
 
 
-def strip_alpha(hex_color: str) -> str:
-    if isinstance(hex_color, str) and hex_color.startswith("#") and len(hex_color) == 9:
-        return hex_color[:7]
-    return hex_color
-
-
 def _create_shapes_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array):
     encode_update = None
     if not color_scale_array and not params.color:
@@ -675,7 +539,7 @@ def _create_shapes_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale
 
 def _create_points_symbol_marks_object(
     ax: Axes,
-    params: PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams,
+    params: PointsRenderParams,
     data_object: dict[str, Any],
     call_count: int,
     color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] | None,
@@ -759,7 +623,7 @@ def _create_raster_label_marks_object(
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
 
     if params.colortype == "continuous":
-        color_col = color_scale_array[0]["domain"]["field"]
+        color_col = color_scale_array[0]["domain"]["field"][0]
         fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": color_col}]
         encode_update = {
             "fill": [
@@ -767,9 +631,18 @@ def _create_raster_label_marks_object(
                 {"value": params.cmap_params.na_color},
             ]
         }
-    if params.colortype == "random" or isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
+    if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
+        color_col = params.color
+        fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": color_col}]
+        encode_update = {
+            "fill": [
+                {"test": "isValid(datum.value)", "scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "field": color_col},
+                {"value": params.cmap_params.na_color},
+            ]
+        }
+    if params.colortype == "random":
         fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": "value"}]
-    elif params.colortype.startswith("#"):
+    if mcolors.is_color_like(params.colortype):
         fill_color = [{"value": params.colortype}]
 
     labels_object = {
@@ -797,7 +670,7 @@ def strip_call(s: str) -> str:
     return re.sub(r"^\d+_", "", s)
 
 
-def _create_table_data_object(table_name: str, base_uuid: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+def _create_table_data_object(table_name: str, base_uuid: str, table_layer: str | None) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Create the vega like data object for a spatialdata table.
 
     Parameters
@@ -807,17 +680,22 @@ def _create_table_data_object(table_name: str, base_uuid: str) -> dict[str, Any]
     base_uuid : str
         The ID of the vega like data object pertaining to the SpatialData zarr store containing
         the table to be added.
+    table_layer: str | None
+        The layer of the anndata table to be used.
 
     Returns
     -------
     The vega like data object for the SpatialData table.
     """
-    return {
+    table_object = {
         "name": str(uuid4()),
         "format": {"type": "spatialdata_table", "version": 0.1},
         "source": base_uuid,
         "transform": [{"type": "filter_element", "expr": table_name}],
     }
+    if table_layer:
+        table_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_layer", "expr": table_layer})
+    return table_object
 
 
 def _create_data_configs(
@@ -857,7 +735,7 @@ def _create_data_configs(
         call = strip_call(call)
         table_id = None
         if table := getattr(params, "table_name", None):
-            data_array.append(_create_table_data_object(table, base_block["name"]))
+            data_array.append(_create_table_data_object(table, base_block["name"], params.table_layer))
             table_id = data_array[-1]["name"]
         data_object, marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array = _create_derived_data_block(
             sdata, fig, ax, call, params, base_block["name"], cs, counters[call], table_id, len(color_scale_array_full)
diff --git a/tests/_images/Labels_can_plot_with_one_element_color_table.png b/tests/_images/Labels_can_plot_with_one_element_color_table.png
new file mode 100644
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zv(dnIs^pU}+=*?aaFcbz)gM6P<5kJa6Db{?<O0>)75HhSQ5(me0z5owS6z><?sau`
z_WHes{zuyxEb4u5x^M(dJ-j$!aEjFeOpyLSMpCjHe!laudV3Tw*5kLpbRZ%2em&#G
z&9P+W0&sSL5?+fosxC2+1d^SqJt>YaU=(=^Hp{25cHQnm6Q^Nf3IR0`!9TnZJn*;i
zq*B8q7aCJw`angbvw^Erjn)^2xd*BJG;maanSBtLO={X5Rt1=*P%5RxV243^&;MHk
zXc95N$i~OBXDsprC<d6qY3S&_^t+$JL=D*ZFfi>I9App>sO?{O{(J61|FSd`(f$H|
zNo;E%W+H!)FebWg#spT#9ht^81e{w|Ny!`(=BAzXnBdTkhu_|to1y@acln21^C~Eq
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zyRWW9kxFF#Qu0Rys^+5UPr{iq(6e!;sBzrw`rsg7)iD(G?Cr}A);2bcNzb{G-l+c8
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z9}NkNMyCc`m<NpmSK(8eCnp-;7EAQ>^+S#BLLf8UhI2CcjqA@{T{1U<B%qZ=n>pO=
z^o)U^)JE5_Hg#)zTdw(MqH8_7Jo6C7qfs7u3Y_q4OGjVd2g%uTJY@0v?hUQ1H>=KG
z?@VKUqhP{%%_~OH6>C<`EF>iK{{)2qdjArO#pL+-Sf<nIra#t)a(#XM!(!$yo6?@2
zpQTtVic(6px3}f;@={i-mFIo#?(QU;%}O*HmBYhBd3bo(#N~V#-wqHF=0N_($GH;`
z(OP`-8we2*1q%lV5fQD01B8f(*1`coL_}-h03jlxwR{5lg%<?`==)Lt0000<MNUMn
GLSTaJVjzeB

literal 0
HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/tests/pl/test_render_labels.py b/tests/pl/test_render_labels.py
index edab51e7..2d1075b5 100644
--- a/tests/pl/test_render_labels.py
+++ b/tests/pl/test_render_labels.py
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ def test_plot_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_outline(
 
         sdata_blobs.pl.render_labels("blobs_labels", color="channel_0_sum", fill_alpha=0.7, outline_alpha=0.1).pl.show()
 
-    def test_can_plot_with_one_element_color_table(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
+    def test_plot_can_plot_with_one_element_color_table(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
         table = sdata_blobs["table"].copy()
         table.obs["region"] = "blobs_multiscale_labels"
         table.uns["spatialdata_attrs"]["region"] = "blobs_multiscale_labels"
@@ -188,9 +188,9 @@ def test_can_plot_with_one_element_color_table(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
         ).pl.show()
 
     def test_plot_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
-        max_col = sdata_blobs.table.to_df().idxmax(axis=1)
-        max_col = pd.Categorical(max_col, categories=sdata_blobs.table.to_df().columns, ordered=True)
-        sdata_blobs.table.obs["which_max"] = max_col
+        max_col = sdata_blobs["table"].to_df().idxmax(axis=1)
+        max_col = pd.Categorical(max_col, categories=sdata_blobs["table"].to_df().columns, ordered=True)
+        sdata_blobs["table"].obs["which_max"] = max_col
 
         _, axs = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2, layout="tight")
 
@@ -202,9 +202,9 @@ def test_plot_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order(self, sdata_blobs: Spatia
         ).pl.show(ax=axs[1])
 
     def test_plot_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order_when_palette_overwrite(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
-        max_col = sdata_blobs.table.to_df().idxmax(axis=1)
-        max_col = pd.Categorical(max_col, categories=sdata_blobs.table.to_df().columns, ordered=True)
-        sdata_blobs.table.obs["which_max"] = max_col
+        max_col = sdata_blobs["table"].to_df().idxmax(axis=1)
+        max_col = pd.Categorical(max_col, categories=sdata_blobs["table"].to_df().columns, ordered=True)
+        sdata_blobs["table"].obs["which_max"] = max_col
 
         _, axs = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2, layout="tight")
 

From 0a32459e83a2670064f8f21bee8db20885c800bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Tue, 1 Apr 2025 17:15:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 23/56] refactor data object related code

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py   | 288 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py |   0
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py  |   0
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py   |  13 +
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py |  11 +-
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py     | 305 ++++-----------------
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py          |  14 +-
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py   |  10 +-
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py           |  41 +--
 9 files changed, 392 insertions(+), 290 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
 create mode 100644 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py
 create mode 100644 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py
index e69de29b..79ff25d3 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+from typing import Any
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+import spatialdata
+from spatialdata import SpatialData
+from spatialdata._io.format import CurrentPointsFormat, CurrentRasterFormat, CurrentShapesFormat
+from spatialdata.models import get_table_keys
+
+from spatialdata_plot.pl.render_params import (
+    CmapParams,
+    ImageRenderParams,
+    LabelsRenderParams,
+    PointsRenderParams,
+    ShapesRenderParams,
+)
+
+Params = ImageRenderParams | LabelsRenderParams | PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams
+
+
+def _add_datashade_transform(
+    params: PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams, data_object: dict[str, Any]
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Add a datashade transform to a vega like data object.
+
+    The datashade transform is specifically added in case a SpatialData points or shapes element was
+    visualized using datashader.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    params: PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams
+        The parameters used to visualize the particular SpatialData points or shapes element.
+    data_object:
+        The vega like data object pertaining to a particular SpatialData points or shapes element.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    data_object: dict[str, Any]
+        The data object with the added datashade transform.
+    """
+    if params.ds_reduction is None:
+        return data_object
+
+    reduction_map = {"std": "stdev", "var": "variance"}
+    ds_reduction = reduction_map.get(params.ds_reduction, params.ds_reduction)
+
+    last_transform = data_object["transform"][-1]
+
+    if last_transform["type"] == "formula":
+        field = as_field = data_object["transform"][-1]["as"]
+    elif params.col_for_color:
+        field = as_field = params.col_for_color or "*"
+        if field == "*":
+            as_field = "count"
+
+    data_object["transform"].append({"type": "aggregate", "field": [field], "ops": [ds_reduction], "as": [as_field]})
+    data_object = add_norm_transform_to_data_object(params.cmap_params, data_object)
+    # if data_object["transform"][-1]["type"] == "formula":
+    #     field = data_object["transform"][-1]["as"]
+    if isinstance(params, PointsRenderParams):
+        data_object["transform"].append(
+            {"type": "spread", "field": [as_field], "px": params.ds_pixel_spread, "as": [as_field]}
+        )
+
+    return data_object
+
+
+def add_norm_transform_to_data_object(
+    cmap_params: CmapParams | list[CmapParams], data_object: dict[str, Any]
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Add a normalization transform to a vega like derived data object.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    cmap_params: CmapParams | list[CmapParams]
+        The render parameters used to plot the particular spatialdata element.
+    data_object: dict[str, Any]
+        The vega like derived data object.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The vega like derived data object with an added normalization transform if normalization was defined
+    in the render parameters.
+    """
+    norm = cmap_params.norm if not isinstance(cmap_params, list) else cmap_params[0].norm
+    last_transform = data_object["transform"][-1]
+    field = last_transform["as"][0] if last_transform["type"] == "aggregate" else "value"
+
+    if not isinstance(norm.vmin, float) and isinstance(norm.vmax, float):
+        return data_object
+
+    norm_expr = f"(datum.{field} - {norm.vmin}) / ({norm.vmax} - {norm.vmin})"
+    if norm.clip:
+        formula = f"clamp({norm_expr}, 0, 1)"
+
+    data_object["transform"].append({"type": "formula", "expr": formula, "as": str(uuid4())})
+    return data_object
+
+
+def create_base_level_sdata_object(url: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create the vega json object for the SpatialData zarr store.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    url : Path
+        The location of the SpatialData zarr store.
+
+    This config is to be added to the vega data field block.
+    """
+    return {
+        "name": str(uuid4()),
+        "url": url,
+        "format": {"type": "SpatialData", "version": spatialdata.__version__},
+    }
+
+
+def create_table_data_object(table_name: str, base_uuid: str, table_layer: str | None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create the vega like data object for a spatialdata table.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    table_name : str
+        Name of the table in the SpatialData object.
+    base_uuid : str
+        The ID or name of the vega like data object pertaining to the SpatialData zarr store containing
+        the table to be added.
+    table_layer: str | None
+        The layer of the anndata table to be used.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The vega like data object for the SpatialData table.
+    """
+    table_object = {
+        "name": str(uuid4()),
+        "format": {"type": "spatialdata_table", "version": 0.1},
+        "source": base_uuid,
+        "transform": [{"type": "filter_element", "expr": table_name}],
+    }
+    if table_layer is not None:
+        table_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_layer"})  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    return table_object
+
+
+def _add_table_lookup(
+    sdata: SpatialData, params: Params, data_object: dict[str, Any], table_id: str | None
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Add a lookup transform to a vega like derived data object.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    sdata : SpatialData
+        The spatialdata object containing the table.
+    params: params
+        The render parameters used to plot the particular spatialdata element.
+    data_object: dict[str, Any]
+        The vega like derived data object.
+    table_id: str
+        The ID of the vega data object pertaining to the spatialdata table.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The vega like derived data object with the added lookup transform.
+    """
+    if table_id and not isinstance(params, ImageRenderParams):
+        _, _, instance_key = get_table_keys(sdata[params.table_name])
+        if isinstance(params, LabelsRenderParams):
+            color = params.color
+        else:
+            color = params.color if params.color else params.col_for_color
+        data_object["transform"].append(
+            {
+                "type": "lookup",
+                "from": table_id,
+                "key": instance_key,
+                "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                "values": [color],
+                "as": [color],
+                "default": None,
+            }
+        )
+    return data_object
+
+
+def _create_base_derived_data_object(element_name: str, call: str, cs: str, base_uuid: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create the base vega like object of derived SpatialData elements.
+
+    The object returned by this function contains the fields shared by all the vega like data objects, no matter
+    what type of SpatialData element it pertains to.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    element_name: str
+        The name of the SpatialData element
+    call: str
+        The render call from spatialdata plot, either render_images, render_labels, render_points
+        or render_shapes, prefixed by n_ where n is the index of the render call starting from 0.
+    cs: str
+        The name of the coordinate system in which the SpatialData element was plotted.
+    base_uuid: str
+        Unique identifier used to refer to the base level SpatialData zarr store in the vega
+        like view configuration.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    A base vega like data object for derived SpatialData elements.
+    """
+    format_types = {
+        "render_images": (str(CurrentRasterFormat), CurrentRasterFormat().spatialdata_format_version),
+        "render_labels": (str(CurrentRasterFormat), CurrentRasterFormat().spatialdata_format_version),
+        "render_points": (str(CurrentPointsFormat), CurrentPointsFormat().spatialdata_format_version),
+        "render_shapes": (str(CurrentShapesFormat), CurrentShapesFormat().spatialdata_format_version),
+    }
+
+    for key, fmt in format_types.items():
+        if key in call:
+            format_object = {"type": fmt[0], "version": fmt[1]}
+            break
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown call: {call}")
+
+    return {
+        "name": element_name + "_" + str(uuid4()),
+        "format": format_object,
+        "source": base_uuid,
+        "transform": [
+            {"type": "filter_element", "expr": element_name},
+            {"type": "filter_cs", "expr": cs},
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+def create_derived_data_object(
+    sdata: SpatialData, call: str, params: Params, base_uuid: str, cs: str, table_id: str | None = None
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create the base data object for a SpatialData element.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    sdata: SpatialData
+        The SpatialData object of which elements have been plotted.
+    call: str
+        The render call from spatialdata plot, either render_images, render_labels, render_points
+        or render_shapes, prefixed by n_ where n is the index of the render call starting from 0.
+    params: Params
+        The render parameters used in spatialdata-plot for the particular type of SpatialData
+        element.
+    base_uuid: str
+        Unique identifier used to refer to the base level SpatialData zarr store in the vega
+        like view configuration.
+    cs: str
+        The name of the coordinate system in which the SpatialData element was plotted.
+    table_id: str | None
+        The value of the `name` key in the vega like data object pertaining to the table used
+        for plotting a SpatialData element.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    A vega like data object for derived SpatialData elements.
+    """
+    data_object = _create_base_derived_data_object(params.element, call, cs, base_uuid)
+
+    if "render_images" in call and isinstance(params, ImageRenderParams):
+        selected_scale = "full" if params.scale is None else params.scale
+        data_object["transform"].extend(
+            [
+                {"type": "filter_scale", "expr": selected_scale},
+                {"type": "filter_channel", "expr": params.channel},
+            ]
+        )
+        data_object = add_norm_transform_to_data_object(params.cmap_params, data_object)
+
+    elif "render_labels" in call and isinstance(params, LabelsRenderParams):
+        selected_scale = "full" if params.scale is None else params.scale
+        data_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_scale", "expr": selected_scale})
+        data_object = _add_table_lookup(sdata, params, data_object, table_id)
+        data_object = add_norm_transform_to_data_object(params.cmap_params, data_object)
+
+    elif ("render_points" in call or "render_shapes" in call) and isinstance(
+        params, PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams
+    ):
+        data_object = _add_table_lookup(sdata, params, data_object, table_id)
+
+        if params.ds_reduction is not None:
+            data_object = _add_datashade_transform(params, data_object)
+        else:
+            data_object = add_norm_transform_to_data_object(params.cmap_params, data_object)
+
+    return data_object
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a71383d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from enum import Enum
+
+
+class VegaAlignment(Enum):
+    LEFT = "start"
+    CENTER = "middle"
+    RIGHT = "end"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_matplotlib(cls, alignment: str) -> str:
+        """Convert Matplotlib horizontal alignment to Vega alignment."""
+        mapping = {"left": cls.LEFT, "center": cls.CENTER, "right": cls.RIGHT}
+        return mapping.get(alignment, cls.CENTER).value
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
index f6a23f7f..0ed7dcb5 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
@@ -62,7 +62,10 @@ def get_axis_scale_object(ax: Axes, axis_name: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
 
 
 def _generate_color_scale_object(
-    name: str, type_scale: str, domain: list[str] | dict[str, str], color_range: list[str] | dict[str, str | int]
+    name: str,
+    type_scale: str,
+    domain: list[str] | dict[str, Any],
+    color_range: list[str] | dict[str, str | int],
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Create vega like color scale object.
 
@@ -153,7 +156,7 @@ def _process_colormap(cmap: CmapParams) -> dict[str, Any]:
 
 
 def create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(
-    coloring: dict[str, str] | Literal["continuous"] | None,
+    coloring: dict[str, str] | Literal["continuous"] | str,
     params: PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams | LabelsRenderParams,
     data_object: dict[str, Any],
 ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
@@ -188,9 +191,9 @@ def create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(
         )
     elif coloring == "continuous":
         if isinstance(params, LabelsRenderParams):
-            field = data_object["transform"][-1].get("as") or [params.color]
+            field = data_object["transform"][-1].get("as") or params.color
         else:
-            field = data_object["transform"][-1].get("as") or [params.col_for_color]
+            field = data_object["transform"][-1].get("as") or params.col_for_color
         color_scale_object.update(
             _generate_color_scale_object(
                 color_scale_object["name"],
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index 5f7e9594..5e9e8732 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
-from enum import Enum
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
-from uuid import uuid4
 
 import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
-import spatialdata
 from matplotlib.axes import Axes
 from matplotlib.figure import Figure
-from spatialdata.models import get_table_keys
 
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.data import (
+    create_base_level_sdata_object,
+    create_derived_data_object,
+    create_table_data_object,
+)
 from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.layout import create_padding_object
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.misc import VegaAlignment
 from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.scales import (
     create_axis_scale_array,
     create_colorscale_array_image,
@@ -33,35 +35,6 @@
     from spatialdata import SpatialData
 
 
-class VegaAlignment(Enum):
-    LEFT = "start"
-    CENTER = "middle"
-    RIGHT = "end"
-
-    @classmethod
-    def from_matplotlib(cls, alignment: str) -> str:
-        """Convert Matplotlib horizontal alignment to Vega alignment."""
-        mapping = {"left": cls.LEFT, "center": cls.CENTER, "right": cls.RIGHT}
-        return mapping.get(alignment, cls.CENTER).value
-
-
-def _create_base_level_sdata_block(url: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    """Create the vega json object for the SpatialData zarr store.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    url : Path
-        The location of the SpatialData zarr store.
-
-    This config is to be added to the vega data field block.
-    """
-    return {
-        "name": str(uuid4()),
-        "url": url,
-        "format": {"type": "SpatialData", "version": spatialdata.__version__},
-    }
-
-
 def _create_legend_title_config(title_obj: Text, dpi: float) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Create the vega like legend title object.
 
@@ -219,115 +192,14 @@ def _create_colorbar_legend(
     return legend_array
 
 
-def _add_norm_transform(params: Params, data_object: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    """Add a normalization transform to a vega like derived data object.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    params : Params
-        The render parameters used to plot the particular spatialdata element.
-    data_object: dict[str, Any]
-        The vega like derived data object.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    The vega like derived data object with an added normalization transform if normalization was defined
-    in the render parameters.
-    """
-    norm = params.cmap_params.norm if not isinstance(params.cmap_params, list) else params.cmap_params[0].norm
-    field = data_object["transform"][-1]["as"][0] if data_object["transform"][-1]["type"] == "aggregate" else "value"
-    if isinstance(vmin := norm.vmin, float) and isinstance(vmax := norm.vmax, float):
-
-        if norm.clip:
-            formula = f"clamp((datum.{field} - {vmin}) / ({vmax} - {vmin}), 0, 1)"
-        else:
-            formula = f"(datum.{field} - {vmin}) / ({vmax} - {vmin})"
-        data_object["transform"].append({"type": "formula", "expr": formula, "as": str(uuid4())})
-    return data_object
-
-
-def _add_table_lookup(
-    sdata: SpatialData, params: Params, data_object: dict[str, Any], table_id: str | None
-) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    """Add a lookup transform to a vega like derived data object.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    sdata : SpatialData
-        The spatialdata object containing the table.
-    params: params
-        The render parameters used to plot the particular spatialdata element.
-    data_object: dict[str, Any]
-        The vega like derived data object.
-    table_id: str
-        The ID of the vega data object pertaining to the spatialdata table.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    The vega like derived data object with the added lookup transform.
-    """
-    if table_id and not isinstance(params, ImageRenderParams):
-        _, _, instance_key = get_table_keys(sdata[params.table_name])
-        if isinstance(params, LabelsRenderParams):
-            color = params.color
-        else:
-            color = params.color if params.color else params.col_for_color
-        data_object["transform"].append(
-            {
-                "type": "lookup",
-                "from": table_id,
-                "key": instance_key,
-                "fields": ["instance_ids"],
-                "values": [color],
-                "as": [color],
-                "default": None,
-            }
-        )
-    return data_object
-
-
-def _add_datashade_transform(params, data_object):
-    if params.ds_reduction == "std":
-        params.ds_reduction = "stdev"
-    if params.ds_reduction == "var":
-        params.ds_reduction = "variance"
-
-    if data_object["transform"][-1]["type"] == "formula":
-        field = data_object["transform"][-1]["as"]
-        as_field = field
-    elif params.col_for_color:
-        field = params.col_for_color
-        as_field = field
-    else:
-        field = "*"
-        as_field = "count"
-    data_object["transform"].append(
-        {"type": "aggregate", "field": [field], "ops": [params.ds_reduction], "as": [as_field]}
-    )
-    data_object = _add_norm_transform(params, data_object)
-    if data_object["transform"][-1]["type"] == "formula":
-        field = data_object["transform"][-1]["as"]
-    if isinstance(params, PointsRenderParams):
-        data_object["transform"].append(
-            {"type": "spread", "field": [as_field], "px": params.ds_pixel_spread, "as": [as_field]}
-        )
-    else:
-        pass
-    return data_object
-
-
-def _create_derived_data_block(
-    sdata: SpatialData,
+def _create_scales_legends_marks(
     fig: Figure,
     ax: Axes,
-    call: str,
+    data_object: dict[str, Any],
     params: Params,
-    base_uuid: str,
-    cs: str,
     call_count: int,
-    table_id: str | None = None,
     legend_count: int = 0,
-) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
+) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
     """Create vega like data object for SpatialData elements.
 
     Each object for a SpatialData element contains an additional transform that
@@ -336,98 +208,40 @@ def _create_derived_data_block(
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-    call: str
-        The render call from spatialdata plot, either render_images, render_labels, render_points
-        or render_shapes, prefixed by n_ where n is the index of the render call starting from 0.
     params: Params
         The render parameters used in spatialdata-plot for the particular type of SpatialData
         element.
-    base_uuid: str
-        Unique identifier used to refer to the base level SpatialData zarr store in the vega
-        like view configuration.
-    cs: str
-        The name of the coordinate system in which the SpatialData element was plotted.
     """
-    data_object: dict[str, Any] = {}
     marks_object: dict[str, Any] = {}
     color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
     legend_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
 
-    data_object["name"] = params.element + "_" + str(uuid4())
-
-    # TODO: think about versioning of individual spatialdata elements
-    if "render_images" in call and isinstance(params, ImageRenderParams):
-        data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_image", "version": 0.1}
-    elif "render_labels" in call:
-        data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_label", "version": 0.1}
-    elif "render_points" in call:
-        data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_point", "version": 0.1}
-    elif "render_shapes" in call:
-        data_object["format"] = {"type": "spatialdata_shape", "version": 0.1}
-    else:
-        raise ValueError(f"Unknown call: {call}")
-
-    data_object["source"] = base_uuid
-    data_object["transform"] = [{"type": "filter_element", "expr": params.element}, {"type": "filter_cs", "expr": cs}]
-
-    if "render_images" in call and isinstance(params, ImageRenderParams):  # second part to shut up mypy
-        multiscale = "full" if not params.scale else params.scale
-        data_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_scale", "expr": multiscale})
-        data_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_channel", "expr": params.channel})
-        # Use isinstance because of possible 0 value
-        data_object = _add_norm_transform(params, data_object)
-
+    if isinstance(params, ImageRenderParams):  # second part to shut up mypy
         color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_image(params.cmap_params, data_object["name"], params.channel)
         legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
         marks_object = _create_raster_image_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
-    if "render_labels" in call and isinstance(params, LabelsRenderParams):
-        data_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_scale", "expr": params.scale})
-        data_object = _add_table_lookup(sdata, params, data_object, table_id)
-        data_object = _add_norm_transform(params, data_object)
-
-        # if it is a hex color then it should be directly used in the marks object.
-        if not mcolors.is_color_like(params.colortype):
+    if isinstance(params, LabelsRenderParams):
+        if params.colortype is not None:
             color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(params.colortype, params, data_object)
-        if params.colortype == "continuous":
-            # color_scale_array = _create_colorscale_image(params.cmap_params, data_object["name"], color_field)
+        if not mcolors.is_color_like(params.colortype):
             legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
         if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
-            # color_scale_array = _create_categorical_colorscale(params.colortype)
             legend_array = _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array, ax)
-
         marks_object = _create_raster_label_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
-    if "render_points" in call and isinstance(params, PointsRenderParams):
-        data_object = _add_table_lookup(sdata, params, data_object, table_id)
-        if not params.ds_reduction:
-            data_object = _add_norm_transform(params, data_object)
-        if params.ds_reduction:
-            data_object = _add_datashade_transform(params, data_object)
-        color_scale_array = None
-        if params.colortype:
-            color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(params.colortype, params, data_object)
-            if params.colortype == "continuous":
-                legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
-            if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
-                legend_array = _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array, ax)
-        marks_object = _create_points_symbol_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
-    if "render_shapes" in call and isinstance(params, ShapesRenderParams):
-        data_object = _add_table_lookup(sdata, params, data_object, table_id)
-        if not params.ds_reduction:
-            data_object = _add_norm_transform(params, data_object)
-        if params.ds_reduction:
-            data_object = _add_datashade_transform(params, data_object)
-
-        color_scale_array = None
-        if params.colortype:
+    if isinstance(params, PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams):
+        if params.colortype is not None:
             color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(params.colortype, params, data_object)
             if params.colortype == "continuous":
                 legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
             if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
                 legend_array = _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array, ax)
 
-        marks_object = _create_shapes_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
+        if isinstance(params, PointsRenderParams):
+            marks_object = _create_points_symbol_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
+        else:
+            marks_object = _create_shapes_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
 
-    return data_object, marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array
+    return marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array
 
 
 def _create_raster_image_marks_object(
@@ -458,7 +272,13 @@ def _create_raster_image_marks_object(
     }
 
 
-def _create_shapes_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array):
+def _create_shapes_marks_object(
+    ax: Axes,
+    params: ShapesRenderParams,
+    data_object: dict[str, Any],
+    call_count: int,
+    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]],
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
     encode_update = None
     if not color_scale_array and not params.color:
         fill_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False)}
@@ -526,7 +346,7 @@ def _create_shapes_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale
         outline_par = params.outline_params
         stroke_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(outline_par.outline_color, keep_alpha=False)}
 
-        shapes_object["encode"]["enter"].update(
+        shapes_object["encode"]["enter"].update(  # type: ignore[index]
             {
                 "stroke": stroke_color,
                 "strokeWidth": {"value": outline_par.linewidth},
@@ -543,33 +363,32 @@ def _create_points_symbol_marks_object(
     data_object: dict[str, Any],
     call_count: int,
     color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] | None,
-):
-    encode_update = None
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    encode_update = {}
     if not color_scale_array and not params.color:
         fill_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False)}
     elif not color_scale_array and params.color:
         fill_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(params.color, keep_alpha=False)}
     elif color_scale_array and (params.color or params.col_for_color):
         if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
-            encode_update = {
-                "fill": [
-                    {
-                        "test": f"!isValid(datum.{params.col_for_color})",
-                        "value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False),
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
+            encode_update["fill"] = [
+                {
+                    "test": f"!isValid(datum.{params.col_for_color})",
+                    "value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False),
+                }
+            ]
             fill_color = {"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "field": params.col_for_color}
         else:
             value = val[0] if isinstance(val := color_scale_array[0]["domain"]["field"], list) else val
             fill_color = {"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": value}
-            encode_update = {"fill": []}
-            encode_update["fill"].append(
+            # encode_update = {"fill": []}
+            encode_update["fill"] = [
                 {
                     "test": f"!isValid(datum.{params.col_for_color})",
                     "value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False),
                 }
-            )
+            ]
+
             if (params.cmap_params.norm.vmin is not None or params.cmap_params.norm.vmax is not None) and (
                 params.cmap_params.cmap.get_under() is not None or params.cmap_params.cmap.get_over() is not None
             ):
@@ -609,7 +428,7 @@ def _create_points_symbol_marks_object(
     }
     if encode_update:
         # TODO: check if we can give info that na-color is used prior to adding this. If so then add if conditional.
-        points_object["encode"]["update"] = encode_update
+        points_object["encode"]["update"] = encode_update  # type: ignore[index]
 
     return points_object
 
@@ -670,37 +489,9 @@ def strip_call(s: str) -> str:
     return re.sub(r"^\d+_", "", s)
 
 
-def _create_table_data_object(table_name: str, base_uuid: str, table_layer: str | None) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    """Create the vega like data object for a spatialdata table.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    table_name : str
-        Name of the table in the SpatialData object.
-    base_uuid : str
-        The ID of the vega like data object pertaining to the SpatialData zarr store containing
-        the table to be added.
-    table_layer: str | None
-        The layer of the anndata table to be used.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    The vega like data object for the SpatialData table.
-    """
-    table_object = {
-        "name": str(uuid4()),
-        "format": {"type": "spatialdata_table", "version": 0.1},
-        "source": base_uuid,
-        "transform": [{"type": "filter_element", "expr": table_name}],
-    }
-    if table_layer:
-        table_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_layer", "expr": table_layer})
-    return table_object
-
-
 def _create_data_configs(
     sdata: SpatialData, fig: Figure, ax: Axes, cs: str, sdata_path: str
-) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
+) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
     """Create the vega json array value to the data key.
 
     The data array in the SpatialData vegalike viewconfig consists out of
@@ -720,14 +511,14 @@ def _create_data_configs(
     """
     data_array = []
     marks_array = []
-    color_scale_array_full = []
+    color_scale_array_full: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
     legend_array_full = []
     url = str(Path("sdata.zarr"))
 
     if sdata_path:
         url = sdata_path
 
-    base_block = _create_base_level_sdata_block(url)
+    base_block = create_base_level_sdata_object(url)
     data_array.append(base_block)
 
     counters = {"render_images": 0, "render_labels": 0, "render_points": 0, "render_shapes": 0}
@@ -735,13 +526,13 @@ def _create_data_configs(
         call = strip_call(call)
         table_id = None
         if table := getattr(params, "table_name", None):
-            data_array.append(_create_table_data_object(table, base_block["name"], params.table_layer))
+            data_array.append(create_table_data_object(table, base_block["name"], params.table_layer))
             table_id = data_array[-1]["name"]
-        data_object, marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array = _create_derived_data_block(
-            sdata, fig, ax, call, params, base_block["name"], cs, counters[call], table_id, len(color_scale_array_full)
+        data_array.append(create_derived_data_object(sdata, call, params, base_block["name"], cs, table_id))
+        marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array = _create_scales_legends_marks(
+            fig, ax, data_array[-1], params, counters[call], len(color_scale_array_full)
         )
 
-        data_array.append(data_object)
         marks_array.append(marks_object)
         if color_scale_array:
             color_scale_array_full += color_scale_array
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
index 9883dccd..6e087b19 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
     _prepare_transformation,
     _rasterize_if_necessary,
     _set_color_source_vec,
-    to_hex,
+    to_hex_alpha,
 )
 
 _Normalize = Normalize | abc.Sequence[Normalize]
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ def _render_shapes(
     else:
         palette = ListedColormap(dict.fromkeys(color_vector[~pd.Categorical(color_source_vector).isnull()]))
 
-    if len(set(color_vector)) != 1 or list(set(color_vector))[0] != to_hex(render_params.cmap_params.na_color):
+    if len(set(color_vector)) != 1 or list(set(color_vector))[0] != to_hex_alpha(render_params.cmap_params.na_color):
         # necessary in case different shapes elements are annotated with one table
         if color_source_vector is not None and col_for_color is not None:
             color_source_vector = color_source_vector.remove_unused_categories()
@@ -371,12 +371,16 @@ def _render_shapes(
             vmax=render_params.cmap_params.norm.vmax or max(color_vector),
         )
 
-    if len(set(color_vector)) != 1 or list(set(color_vector))[0] != to_hex(render_params.cmap_params.na_color):
+    if len(set(color_vector)) != 1 or list(set(color_vector))[0] != to_hex_alpha(render_params.cmap_params.na_color):
         # necessary in case different shapes elements are annotated with one table
         if color_source_vector is not None and render_params.col_for_color is not None:
             color_source_vector = color_source_vector.remove_unused_categories()
 
-        if not sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_shapes"].colortype and color_mapping:
+        if (
+            sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_shapes"].colortype is not None
+            and color_mapping
+            and color_source_vector is not None
+        ):
             key_diff = set(color_mapping.keys()).difference(color_source_vector)
             color_mapping = {k: v for k, v in color_mapping.items() if k not in key_diff}
             sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_shapes"].colortype = color_mapping
@@ -726,7 +730,7 @@ def _render_points(
             ax.set_xbound(extent["x"])
             ax.set_ybound(extent["y"])
 
-    if len(set(color_vector)) != 1 or list(set(color_vector))[0] != to_hex(render_params.cmap_params.na_color):
+    if len(set(color_vector)) != 1 or list(set(color_vector))[0] != to_hex_alpha(render_params.cmap_params.na_color):
         if color_source_vector is None:
             palette = ListedColormap(dict.fromkeys(color_vector))
             sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_points"].colortype = "continuous"
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
index b23a6ea1..3fe4c0fd 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class ShapesRenderParams:
     element: str
     color: str | None = None
     col_for_color: str | None = None
-    colortype: str | None = None
+    colortype: str | dict[str, str] | Literal["continuous"] | None = None
     groups: str | list[str] | None = None
     contour_px: int | None = None
     palette: ListedColormap | list[str] | None = None
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class ShapesRenderParams:
     zorder: int = 0
     table_name: str | None = None
     table_layer: str | None = None
-    ds_reduction: Literal["sum", "mean", "any", "count", "std", "var", "max", "min"] | None = None
+    ds_reduction: str | None = None
     ds_pixel_spread: float | None = None
 
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class PointsRenderParams:
     element: str
     color: str | None = None
     col_for_color: str | None = None
-    colortype: str | None = None
+    colortype: str | dict[str, str] | Literal["continuous"] | None = None
     groups: str | list[str] | None = None
     palette: ListedColormap | list[str] | None = None
     alpha: float = 1.0
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class PointsRenderParams:
     zorder: int = 0
     table_name: str | None = None
     table_layer: str | None = None
-    ds_reduction: Literal["sum", "mean", "any", "count", "std", "var", "max", "min"] | None = None
+    ds_reduction: str | None = None
     ds_pixel_spread: float | None = None
 
 
@@ -148,4 +148,4 @@ class LabelsRenderParams:
     table_name: str | None = None
     table_layer: str | None = None
     zorder: int = 0
-    colortype: str | None = None
+    colortype: dict[str, str] | Literal["continuous" | "random"] | None = None
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py
index 4606a2f1..527e8d2f 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
     LinearSegmentedColormap,
     ListedColormap,
     Normalize,
+    to_hex,
     to_rgba,
 )
 from matplotlib.figure import Figure
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@
     _FontWeight,
 )
 
-to_hex = partial(colors.to_hex, keep_alpha=True)
+to_hex_alpha = partial(colors.to_hex, keep_alpha=True)
 
 # replace with
 # from spatialdata._types import ColorLike
@@ -275,13 +276,13 @@ def _sanitise_na_color(na_color: ColorLike | None) -> tuple[str, bool]:
     """
     if na_color == "default":
         # user kept the default
-        return to_hex("lightgray"), False
+        return to_hex_alpha("lightgray"), False
     if na_color is None:
         # user wants to hide NAs
         return "#FFFFFF00", True  # zero alpha so it's hidden
     if colors.is_color_like(na_color):
         # user specified a color (including "lightgray")
-        return to_hex(na_color), True
+        return to_hex_alpha(na_color), True
 
     # Handle unexpected values (optional)
     raise ValueError(f"Invalid na_color value: {na_color}")
@@ -637,13 +638,13 @@ def _get_colors_for_categorical_obs(
     color_idx = np.linspace(0, 1, len_cat) if len_cat > 1 else [0.7]
 
     if isinstance(palette, str):
-        palette = [to_hex(palette)]
+        palette = [to_hex_alpha(palette)]
     elif isinstance(palette, list):
-        palette = [to_hex(x) for x in palette]
+        palette = [to_hex_alpha(x) for x in palette]
     elif isinstance(palette, ListedColormap):
-        palette = [to_hex(x) for x in palette(color_idx, alpha=alpha)]
+        palette = [to_hex_alpha(x) for x in palette(color_idx, alpha=alpha)]
     elif isinstance(palette, LinearSegmentedColormap):
-        palette = [to_hex(palette(x, alpha=alpha)) for x in color_idx]  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        palette = [to_hex_alpha(palette(x, alpha=alpha)) for x in color_idx]  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
     else:
         raise TypeError(f"Palette is {type(palette)} but should be string or list.")
 
@@ -663,7 +664,7 @@ def _set_color_source_vec(
     table_name: str | None = None,
     table_layer: str | None = None,
     render_type: Literal["points"] | None = None,
-) -> tuple[ArrayLike | pd.Series | None, ArrayLike, bool, dict[str, str] | None]:
+) -> tuple[ArrayLike | pd.Series | None, ArrayLike, bool, Mapping[str, str] | None]:
     color_mapping = None
     if value_to_plot is None and element is not None:
         color = np.full(len(element), na_color)
@@ -726,7 +727,7 @@ def _set_color_source_vec(
         return color_source_vector, color_vector, True, color_mapping
 
     logger.warning(f"Color key '{value_to_plot}' for element '{element_name}' not been found, using default colors.")
-    color = np.full(sdata[table_name].n_obs, to_hex(na_color))
+    color = np.full(sdata[table_name].n_obs, to_hex_alpha(na_color))
     return color, color, False, color_mapping
 
 
@@ -778,7 +779,7 @@ def _map_color_seg(
                 # we have hex colors
                 assert all(_is_color_like(c) for c in color_vector), "Not all values are color-like."
                 cols = colors.to_rgba_array(color_vector)
-                variable_type = color_vector[0][:-2]
+                variable_type = to_hex(color_vector[0], keep_alpha=False)
             else:
                 cols = cmap_params.cmap(cmap_params.norm(color_vector))
 
@@ -817,8 +818,8 @@ def _generate_base_categorial_color_mapping(
             # should be unreachable, but just for safety
             raise ValueError("Expected `na_color` to be a hex color, but got a non-hex color.")
 
-        colors = [to_hex(to_rgba(color)[:3]) for color in colors]
-        na_color = to_hex(to_rgba(na_color)[:3])
+        colors = [to_hex_alpha(to_rgba(color)[:3]) for color in colors]
+        na_color = to_hex_alpha(to_rgba(na_color)[:3])
 
         if na_color and len(categories) > len(colors):
             return dict(zip(categories, colors + [na_color], strict=True))
@@ -862,7 +863,7 @@ def _get_default_categorial_color_mapping(
         logger.info("input has more than 103 categories. Uniform 'grey' color will be used for all categories.")
 
     return {
-        cat: to_hex(to_rgba(col)[:3])
+        cat: to_hex_alpha(to_rgba(col)[:3])
         for cat, col in zip(color_source_vector.categories, palette[:len_cat], strict=True)
     }
 
@@ -889,9 +890,9 @@ def _get_categorical_color_mapping(
 
         color_idx = color_idx = np.linspace(0, 1, len(color_source_vector.categories))
         if isinstance(palette, ListedColormap):
-            palette = [to_hex(x) for x in palette(color_idx, alpha=alpha)]
+            palette = [to_hex_alpha(x) for x in palette(color_idx, alpha=alpha)]
         elif isinstance(palette, LinearSegmentedColormap):
-            palette = [to_hex(palette(x, alpha=alpha)) for x in color_idx]  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            palette = [to_hex_alpha(palette(x, alpha=alpha)) for x in color_idx]  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
         return dict(zip(color_source_vector.categories, palette, strict=True))
 
     if isinstance(palette, str):
@@ -2108,7 +2109,7 @@ def _create_image_from_datashader_result(
 
 
 def _datashader_aggregate_with_function(
-    reduction: Literal["sum", "mean", "any", "count", "std", "var", "max", "min"] | None,
+    reduction: str | None,
     cvs: Canvas,
     spatial_element: GeoDataFrame | dask.dataframe.core.DataFrame,
     col_for_color: str | None,
@@ -2172,7 +2173,7 @@ def _datashader_aggregate_with_function(
 
 
 def _datshader_get_how_kw_for_spread(
-    reduction: Literal["sum", "mean", "any", "count", "std", "var", "max", "min"] | None,
+    reduction: str | None,
 ) -> str:
     # Get the best input for the how argument of ds.tf.spread(), needed for numerical values
     reduction = reduction or "sum"
@@ -2267,11 +2268,13 @@ def _datashader_map_aggregate_to_color(
 
         agg_under = agg.where(agg < span[0])
         img_under = ds.tf.shade(
-            agg_under, cmap=[to_hex(cmap.get_under())[:7]], min_alpha=min_alpha, color_key=color_key
+            agg_under, cmap=[to_hex_alpha(cmap.get_under())[:7]], min_alpha=min_alpha, color_key=color_key
         )
 
         agg_over = agg.where(agg > span[1])
-        img_over = ds.tf.shade(agg_over, cmap=[to_hex(cmap.get_over())[:7]], min_alpha=min_alpha, color_key=color_key)
+        img_over = ds.tf.shade(
+            agg_over, cmap=[to_hex_alpha(cmap.get_over())[:7]], min_alpha=min_alpha, color_key=color_key
+        )
 
         # stack the 3 arrays manually: go from under, through in to over and always overlay the values where alpha=0
         stack = img_under.to_numpy().base

From 4b263f13e73ac11f53047699dbc4ad449cc64b0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Fri, 4 Apr 2025 18:08:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 24/56] further refactor

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py   |  68 +++++
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py   |  14 +-
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/layout.py |  35 +++
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py | 176 +++++++++++++
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py   |  19 ++
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py     | 286 ++-------------------
 6 files changed, 320 insertions(+), 278 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1ca6d3f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
+from matplotlib.axes import Axes
+
+from spatialdata_plot.pl.utils import to_hex_alpha
+
+
+def create_axis_block(ax: Axes, axis_scales_block: list[dict[str, Any]], dpi: float) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    axis_array = []
+    for scale in axis_scales_block:
+        axis_config = {"scale": scale["name"]}
+        if scale["name"] == "X_scale":
+            axis = ax.xaxis
+        elif scale["name"] == "Y_scale":
+            axis = ax.yaxis
+
+        axis_props = axis.properties()
+
+        axis_config["orient"] = axis.get_label_position()
+
+        axis_line_props = ax.spines[axis_config["orient"]].properties()
+        axis_config["domain"] = axis_line_props["visible"]  # domain is whether axis line should be visible.
+        axis_config["domainOpacity"] = axis_line_props["alpha"] if axis_line_props["alpha"] else 1
+        axis_config["domainColor"] = mcolors.to_hex(axis_line_props["edgecolor"])
+        axis_config["domainWidth"] = (axis_line_props["linewidth"] * dpi) / 72
+        axis_config["grid"] = axis_props["tick_params"]["gridOn"]
+
+        # making the assumption here that all gridlines look the same
+        if axis_config["grid"]:
+            axis_config["gridOpacity"] = axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["alpha"]
+            axis_config["gridCap"] = axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["dash_capstyle"]
+            grid_color = float(axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["markeredgecolor"])
+            axis_config["gridColor"] = to_hex_alpha([grid_color] * 3)
+            axis_config["gridWidth"] = (axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["markeredgewidth"] * dpi) / 72
+        axis_config["labelFont"] = axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_fontname()
+        axis_config["labelFontSize"] = (axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_size() * dpi) / 72
+        axis_config["labelFontStyle"] = axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_fontstyle()
+        axis_config["labelFontWeight"] = axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_fontweight()
+        axis_config["tickCount"] = len(axis_props["ticklocs"])
+        if axis_config["tickCount"] != 0:
+            tick_props = axis_props["ticklines"][0].properties()
+            axis_config["ticks"] = tick_props["visible"]
+            axis_config["tickOpacity"] = tick_props["alpha"] if tick_props["alpha"] else 1
+            if axis_config["ticks"] and axis_config["tickOpacity"] != 0:
+                axis_config["tickColor"] = mcolors.to_hex(tick_props["color"])
+                axis_config["tickCap"] = tick_props["dash_capstyle"]
+                axis_config["tickWidth"] = (tick_props["linewidth"] * dpi) / 72
+                axis_config["tickSize"] = (
+                    tick_props["markersize"] * dpi
+                ) / 72  # also marker edge width, but vega doesn't have an equivalent for that.
+
+        label = axis_props["label_text"]
+        if label != "":
+            axis_config["title"] = label
+            label_props = axis_props["label"].properties()
+
+            axis_config["titleAlign"] = label_props["horizontalalignment"]
+            axis_config["titleBaseline"] = label_props["verticalalignment"]
+            axis_config["titleColor"] = mcolors.to_hex(label_props["color"])
+            axis_config["titleFont"] = label_props["fontname"]
+            axis_config["titleFontSize"] = (label_props["fontsize"] * dpi) / 72
+            axis_config["titleFontWeight"] = label_props["fontweight"]
+            axis_config["titleOpacity"] = label_props["alpha"] if label_props["alpha"] else 1
+        axis_config["zindex"] = axis_props["zorder"]
+
+        axis_array.append(axis_config)
+    return axis_array
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py
index 79ff25d3..941774f1 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py
@@ -85,14 +85,14 @@ def add_norm_transform_to_data_object(
     last_transform = data_object["transform"][-1]
     field = last_transform["as"][0] if last_transform["type"] == "aggregate" else "value"
 
-    if not isinstance(norm.vmin, float) and isinstance(norm.vmax, float):
+    if norm.vmin is None and norm.vmax is None:
         return data_object
 
     norm_expr = f"(datum.{field} - {norm.vmin}) / ({norm.vmax} - {norm.vmin})"
     if norm.clip:
-        formula = f"clamp({norm_expr}, 0, 1)"
+        norm_expr = f"clamp({norm_expr}, 0, 1)"
 
-    data_object["transform"].append({"type": "formula", "expr": formula, "as": str(uuid4())})
+    data_object["transform"].append({"type": "formula", "expr": norm_expr, "as": str(uuid4())})
     return data_object
 
 
@@ -205,10 +205,10 @@ def _create_base_derived_data_object(element_name: str, call: str, cs: str, base
     A base vega like data object for derived SpatialData elements.
     """
     format_types = {
-        "render_images": (str(CurrentRasterFormat), CurrentRasterFormat().spatialdata_format_version),
-        "render_labels": (str(CurrentRasterFormat), CurrentRasterFormat().spatialdata_format_version),
-        "render_points": (str(CurrentPointsFormat), CurrentPointsFormat().spatialdata_format_version),
-        "render_shapes": (str(CurrentShapesFormat), CurrentShapesFormat().spatialdata_format_version),
+        "render_images": (CurrentRasterFormat.__name__, CurrentRasterFormat().spatialdata_format_version),
+        "render_labels": (CurrentRasterFormat.__name__, CurrentRasterFormat().spatialdata_format_version),
+        "render_points": (CurrentPointsFormat.__name__, CurrentPointsFormat().spatialdata_format_version),
+        "render_shapes": (CurrentShapesFormat.__name__, CurrentShapesFormat().spatialdata_format_version),
     }
 
     for key, fmt in format_types.items():
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/layout.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/layout.py
index 5ff73246..8a022eb0 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/layout.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/layout.py
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from matplotlib.axes import Axes
 from matplotlib.figure import Figure
 
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.misc import VegaAlignment
+
 
 def create_padding_object(fig: Figure) -> dict[str, float]:
     """Get the padding parameters for a vega viewconfiguration.
@@ -17,3 +22,33 @@ def create_padding_object(fig: Figure) -> dict[str, float]:
         "right": ((1 - padding_obj.right) * fig.bbox.width),
         "bottom": (padding_obj.bottom * fig.bbox.height),
     }
+
+
+def create_title_config(ax: Axes, fig: Figure) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create a vega title object for a spatialdata view configuration.
+
+    Note that not all field values as obtained from matplotlib are supported by the official
+    vega specification.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ax : Axes
+        A matplotlib Axes instance which represents one (sub)plot in a matplotlib figure.
+    fig : Figure
+        The matplotlib figure. The top level container for all the plot elements.
+    """
+    title_text = ax.get_title()
+    title_obj = ax.title
+    title_font = title_obj.get_fontproperties()
+
+    return {
+        "text": title_text,
+        "orient": "top",  # there is not really a nice conversion here of matplotlib to vega
+        "anchor": VegaAlignment.from_matplotlib(title_obj.get_horizontalalignment()),
+        "baseline": title_obj.get_va(),
+        "color": title_obj.get_color(),
+        "font": title_obj.get_fontname(),
+        "fontSize": (title_font.get_size() * fig.dpi) / 72,
+        "fontStyle": title_obj.get_fontstyle(),
+        "fontWeight": title_font.get_weight(),
+    }
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
index e69de29b..5a1d14db 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
+from matplotlib.axes import Axes
+from matplotlib.figure import Figure
+from matplotlib.text import Text
+
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.misc import enforce_common_decimal_format
+from spatialdata_plot.pl.utils import to_hex_alpha
+
+
+def _create_legend_title_config(title_obj: Text, dpi: float) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create the vega like legend title object.
+
+    This creates the object containing information pertaining to the legend title. This will be added to the legend
+    object.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    title_obj : Text
+        The legend title object in matplotlib.
+    dpi: float
+        dots per inch used to convert fontsizes to from standard unit to size in pixels.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The legend title object.
+    """
+    title_props = title_obj.properties()
+    return {
+        "title": title_props["text"],
+        "titleOrient": "top",
+        "titleAlign": title_props["horizontalalignment"],
+        "titleBaseline": title_props["verticalalignment"],
+        "titleColor": title_props["color"],
+        "titleFont": title_props["fontname"],
+        "titleFontSize": (title_props["fontsize"] * dpi) / 72,
+        "titleFontStyle": title_props["fontstyle"],
+        "titleFontWeight": title_props["fontweight"],
+    }
+
+
+def _extract_legend_label_properties(label_texts: list[Text], dpi: float) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Extract common legend properties for reuse."""
+    text_props = label_texts[0].properties()
+
+    return {
+        "labelAlign": text_props["horizontalalignment"],
+        "labelColor": to_hex_alpha(text_props["color"]),
+        "labelFont": text_props["fontname"],
+        "labelFontSize": (text_props["fontsize"] * dpi) / 72,
+        "labelFontStyle": text_props["fontstyle"],
+        "labelFontWeight": text_props["fontweight"],
+    }
+
+
+def create_categorical_legend(fig: Figure, color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]], ax: Axes) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Create vega like categorical legend array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fig : Figure
+        The matplotlib figure.
+    color_scale_array : list[dict[str, Any]]
+        The vega like color scale array for which the vega like legend array will be created.
+    ax : Axes
+        A matplotlib Axes object.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The vega like categorical legend array.
+    """
+    legend_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    legend = ax.legend()
+    label_props = _extract_legend_label_properties(legend.get_texts(), fig.dpi)
+    frame = legend.get_frame()
+
+    for color_object in color_scale_array:
+        legend_object = {
+            "type": "discrete",
+            "direction": "horizontal" if legend._ncols == 0 else "vertical",
+            "fill": color_object["name"],
+            "orient": "none",  # required by vega usually to explicitly use legend position X and Y
+            "columns": legend._ncols,
+            "columnPadding": (legend.columnspacing * fig.dpi) / 72,
+            "rowPadding": (legend.labelspacing * fig.dpi) / 72,
+            "padding": (legend.borderpad * fig.dpi) / 72,
+            "fillColor": to_hex_alpha(frame.get_facecolor()),
+            "strokeColor": to_hex_alpha(frame.get_edgecolor()),
+            "strokeWidth": (frame.get_linewidth() * fig.dpi) / 72,
+            "labelOffset": (legend.handletextpad * fig.dpi) / 72,
+            **label_props,
+            "legendX": legend.get_tightbbox().bounds[0],
+            "legendY": fig.bbox.height - legend.get_tightbbox().bounds[1] - legend.get_tightbbox().bounds[3],
+        }
+
+        if legend.get_title().get_text() != "":
+            legend_title_object = _create_legend_title_config(legend.get_title(), fig.dpi)
+            legend_object |= legend_title_object
+
+        legend_array.append(legend_object)
+    return legend_array
+
+
+def create_colorbar_legend(
+    fig: Figure, color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]], legend_count: int
+) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Create the vega like legend array containing the colorbar information.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fig : Figure
+        The matplotlib figure.
+    color_scale_array : list[dict[str, Any]]
+        The vega like color scale array for which the vega like legend array will be created.
+    legend_count : int
+        The number of already created legend objects.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The vega like colorbar legend array.
+    """
+    legend_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    cbars = []
+    for ax in fig.axes:
+        cbar = getattr(ax.properties()["axes_locator"], "_cbar", None) if ax.properties()["axes_locator"] else None
+        if cbar:
+            cbars.append(cbar)
+
+    if cbars:
+        for col_config in color_scale_array:
+            cbar = cbars[legend_count]
+
+            axis_props = cbar.ax.properties()
+            if cbar.orientation == "vertical":
+                gradient_length = cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[-1] * fig.get_figheight() * fig.dpi
+                labels = axis_props["yticklabels"]
+            else:
+                gradient_length = cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[-2] * fig.get_figwidth() * fig.dpi
+                labels = axis_props["xticklabels"]
+            if col_config["type"] == "linear":
+                legend_type = "gradient"
+
+            common_props = _extract_legend_label_properties(labels, fig.dpi)
+            spine_outline = cbar.outline.properties()  # outline of the colorbar lining
+
+            stroke_color = mcolors.to_hex(spine_outline["facecolor"]) if spine_outline["facecolor"][-1] > 0 else None
+            legend_title_object = _create_legend_title_config(cbar.ax.title, fig.dpi)
+            # TODO: do we require padding? it is not obvious to get from matplotlib
+            legend_object = {
+                "type": legend_type,
+                "direction": cbar.orientation,
+                "orient": "none",  # Required in vega in order to use the x and y position
+                "fill": color_scale_array[0]["name"],
+                "fillColor": mcolors.to_hex(cbar.ax.get_facecolor()),
+                "gradientLength": gradient_length,  # alpha if alpha := getattr(cbar.cmap, "_lut", None)[0][-1] else
+                "gradientOpacity": cbar.mappable.get_alpha(),
+                "gradientThickness": (cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[2] * fig.dpi) / 72,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": stroke_color,
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": (spine_outline["linewidth"] * fig.dpi) / 72 if stroke_color else None,
+                "values": enforce_common_decimal_format(list(cbar.ax.get_yticks())),
+                # "labelAlign": label["horizontalalignment"],
+                # "labelColor": mcolors.to_hex(label["color"]),
+                # "labelFont": label["fontname"],
+                # "labelFontSize": (label["fontsize"] * fig.dpi) / 72,
+                # "labelFontStyle": label["fontstyle"],
+                # "labelFontWeight": label["fontweight"],
+                "legendX": cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[0],
+                "legendY": fig.bbox.height - cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[1] - cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[3],
+                **common_props,
+                "zindex": axis_props["zorder"],
+            }
+            if legend_title_object["title"] != "":
+                legend_object.update(legend_title_object)
+            legend_array.append(legend_object)
+    return legend_array
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py
index a71383d0..60934072 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import re
+from collections import Counter
 from enum import Enum
 
 
@@ -11,3 +13,20 @@ def from_matplotlib(cls, alignment: str) -> str:
         """Convert Matplotlib horizontal alignment to Vega alignment."""
         mapping = {"left": cls.LEFT, "center": cls.CENTER, "right": cls.RIGHT}
         return mapping.get(alignment, cls.CENTER).value
+
+
+def _count_trailing(num: float) -> int | None:
+    str_num = str(num)
+    if "." in str_num:
+        return len(str_num.split(".")[1])
+    return 0
+
+
+def enforce_common_decimal_format(values: list[float]) -> list[float]:
+    most_common_decimal = Counter([_count_trailing(num) for num in values]).most_common(1)[0][0]
+    return [round(num, most_common_decimal) for num in values]
+
+
+def strip_call(s: str) -> str:
+    """Strip leading digit and underscore from call name."""
+    return re.sub(r"^\d+_", "", s)
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index 5e9e8732..d5f09abc 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import re
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
@@ -8,13 +7,15 @@
 from matplotlib.axes import Axes
 from matplotlib.figure import Figure
 
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.axis import create_axis_block
 from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.data import (
     create_base_level_sdata_object,
     create_derived_data_object,
     create_table_data_object,
 )
-from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.layout import create_padding_object
-from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.misc import VegaAlignment
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.layout import create_padding_object, create_title_config
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.legend import create_categorical_legend, create_colorbar_legend
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.misc import strip_call
 from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.scales import (
     create_axis_scale_array,
     create_colorscale_array_image,
@@ -31,167 +32,9 @@
 Params = ImageRenderParams | LabelsRenderParams | PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from matplotlib.text import Text
     from spatialdata import SpatialData
 
 
-def _create_legend_title_config(title_obj: Text, dpi: float) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    """Create the vega like legend title object.
-
-    This creates the object containing information pertaining to the legend title. This will be added to the legend
-    object.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    title_obj : Text
-        The legend title object in matplotlib.
-    dpi: float
-        dots per inch used to convert fontsizes to from standard unit to size in pixels.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    The legend title object.
-    """
-    title_props = title_obj.properties()
-    return {
-        "title": title_props["text"],
-        "titleOrient": "top",
-        "titleAlign": title_props["horizontalalignment"],
-        "titleBaseline": title_props["verticalalignment"],
-        "titleColor": title_props["color"],
-        "titleFont": title_props["fontname"],
-        "titleFontSize": (title_props["fontsize"] * dpi) / 72,
-        "titleFontStyle": title_props["fontstyle"],
-        "titleFontWeight": title_props["fontweight"],
-    }
-
-
-def _create_categorical_legend(fig: Figure, color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]], ax: Axes) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-    """Create vega like categorical legend array.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    fig : Figure
-        The matplotlib figure.
-    color_scale_array : list[dict[str, Any]]
-        The vega like color scale array for which the vega like legend array will be created.
-    ax : Axes
-        A matplotlib Axes object.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    The vega like categorical legend array.
-    """
-    legend_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
-    legend = ax.legend()
-    legend_bbox_props = legend.get_frame().properties()
-    legend_bbox = legend.get_tightbbox()
-
-    for color_object in color_scale_array:
-        fill_color = legend.get_frame().get_facecolor()
-        legend_object = {
-            "type": "discrete",
-            "direction": "horizontal" if legend._ncols == 0 else "vertical",
-            "fill": color_object["name"],
-            "orient": "none",
-            "columns": legend._ncols,
-            "columnPadding": (legend.columnspacing * fig.dpi) / 72,
-            "rowPadding": (legend.labelspacing * fig.dpi) / 72,
-            "fillColor": mcolors.to_hex(fill_color),
-            "padding": (legend.borderpad * fig.dpi) / 72,
-            "strokeColor": mcolors.to_hex(legend_bbox_props["edgecolor"]),
-            "strokeWidth": (legend_bbox_props["linewidth"] * fig.dpi)
-            / 72,  # Different from Vega as vega expects a vega scale here!
-            "labelAlign": legend.get_texts()[0].get_ha(),
-            "labelColor": mcolors.to_hex(legend.get_texts()[0].get_color()),
-            "labelFont": legend.get_texts()[0].get_fontname(),
-            "labelFontSize": (legend.get_texts()[0].get_fontsize() * fig.dpi) / 72,
-            "labelFontStyle": legend.get_texts()[0].get_fontstyle(),
-            "labelFontWeight": legend.get_texts()[0].get_fontweight(),
-            "labelOffset": (legend.handletextpad * fig.dpi) / 72,
-            "legendX": legend_bbox.bounds[0],
-            "legendY": fig.bbox.height - legend_bbox.bounds[1] - legend_bbox.bounds[3],
-        }
-
-        if legend.get_title().get_text() != "":
-            legend_title_object = _create_legend_title_config(legend.get_title(), fig.dpi)
-            legend_object.update(legend_title_object)
-
-        legend_array.append(legend_object)
-    return legend_array
-
-
-def _create_colorbar_legend(
-    fig: Figure, color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]], legend_count: int
-) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-    """Create the vega like legend array containing the colorbar information.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    fig : Figure
-        The matplotlib figure.
-    color_scale_array : list[dict[str, Any]]
-        The vega like color scale array for which the vega like legend array will be created.
-    legend_count : int
-        The number of already created legend objects.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    The vega like colorbar legend array.
-    """
-    legend_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
-    cbars = []
-    for ax in fig.axes:
-        cbar = getattr(ax.properties()["axes_locator"], "_cbar", None) if ax.properties()["axes_locator"] else None
-        if cbar:
-            cbars.append(cbar)
-
-    if len(cbars) != 0:
-        for col_config in color_scale_array:
-            cbar = cbars[legend_count]
-
-            axis_props = cbar.ax.properties()
-            if cbar.orientation == "vertical":
-                gradient_length = cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[-1] * fig.get_figheight() * fig.dpi
-                label = axis_props["yticklabels"][0].properties()
-            else:
-                gradient_length = cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[-2] * fig.get_figwidth() * fig.dpi
-                label = axis_props["xticklabels"][0].properties()
-            if col_config["type"] == "linear":
-                legend_type = "gradient"
-            spine_outline = cbar.outline.properties()  # outline of the colorbar lining
-
-            stroke_color = mcolors.to_hex(spine_outline["facecolor"]) if spine_outline["facecolor"][-1] > 0 else None
-            legend_title_object = _create_legend_title_config(cbar.ax.title, fig.dpi)
-            # TODO: do we require padding? it is not obvious to get from matplotlib
-            legend_object = {
-                "type": legend_type,
-                "direction": cbar.orientation,
-                "orient": "none",  # Required in vega in order to use the x and y position
-                "fill": color_scale_array[0]["name"],
-                "fillColor": mcolors.to_hex(cbar.ax.get_facecolor()),
-                "gradientLength": gradient_length,  # alpha if alpha := getattr(cbar.cmap, "_lut", None)[0][-1] else
-                "gradientOpacity": cbar.mappable.get_alpha(),
-                "gradientThickness": (cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[2] * fig.dpi) / 72,
-                "gradientStrokeColor": stroke_color,
-                "gradientStrokeWidth": (spine_outline["linewidth"] * fig.dpi) / 72 if stroke_color else None,
-                "values": list(cbar.ax.get_yticks()),
-                "labelAlign": label["horizontalalignment"],
-                "labelColor": mcolors.to_hex(label["color"]),
-                "labelFont": label["fontname"],
-                "labelFontSize": (label["fontsize"] * fig.dpi) / 72,
-                "labelFontStyle": label["fontstyle"],
-                "labelFontWeight": label["fontweight"],
-                "legendX": cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[0],
-                "legendY": fig.bbox.height - cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[1] - cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[3],
-                "zindex": axis_props["zorder"],
-            }
-            if legend_title_object["title"] != "":
-                legend_object.update(legend_title_object)
-            legend_array.append(legend_object)
-    return legend_array
-
-
 def _create_scales_legends_marks(
     fig: Figure,
     ax: Axes,
@@ -218,23 +61,23 @@ def _create_scales_legends_marks(
 
     if isinstance(params, ImageRenderParams):  # second part to shut up mypy
         color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_image(params.cmap_params, data_object["name"], params.channel)
-        legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
+        legend_array = create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
         marks_object = _create_raster_image_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
     if isinstance(params, LabelsRenderParams):
         if params.colortype is not None:
             color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(params.colortype, params, data_object)
-        if not mcolors.is_color_like(params.colortype):
-            legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
+        if params.colortype == "continuous":
+            legend_array = create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
         if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
-            legend_array = _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array, ax)
+            legend_array = create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array, ax)
         marks_object = _create_raster_label_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
     if isinstance(params, PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams):
         if params.colortype is not None:
             color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(params.colortype, params, data_object)
             if params.colortype == "continuous":
-                legend_array = _create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
+                legend_array = create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
             if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
-                legend_array = _create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array, ax)
+                legend_array = create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array, ax)
 
         if isinstance(params, PointsRenderParams):
             marks_object = _create_points_symbol_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
@@ -484,11 +327,6 @@ def _create_raster_label_marks_object(
     return labels_object
 
 
-def strip_call(s: str) -> str:
-    """Strip leading digit and underscore from call."""
-    return re.sub(r"^\d+_", "", s)
-
-
 def _create_data_configs(
     sdata: SpatialData, fig: Figure, ax: Axes, cs: str, sdata_path: str
 ) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
@@ -509,7 +347,6 @@ def _create_data_configs(
     sdata_path: str
         The location of the SpatialData zarr store.
     """
-    data_array = []
     marks_array = []
     color_scale_array_full: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
     legend_array_full = []
@@ -519,7 +356,7 @@ def _create_data_configs(
         url = sdata_path
 
     base_block = create_base_level_sdata_object(url)
-    data_array.append(base_block)
+    data_array = [base_block]
 
     counters = {"render_images": 0, "render_labels": 0, "render_points": 0, "render_shapes": 0}
     for call, params in sdata.plotting_tree.items():
@@ -542,120 +379,27 @@ def _create_data_configs(
     return data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array_full, legend_array_full
 
 
-def _create_title_config(ax: Axes, fig: Figure) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    """Create a vega title object for a spatialdata view configuration.
-
-    Note that not all field values as obtained from matplotlib are supported by the official
-    vega specification.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    ax : Axes
-        A matplotlib Axes instance which represents one (sub)plot in a matplotlib figure.
-    fig : Figure
-        The matplotlib figure. The top level container for all the plot elements.
-    """
-    title_text = ax.get_title()
-    title_obj = ax.title
-    title_font = title_obj.get_fontproperties()
-
-    return {
-        "text": title_text,
-        "orient": "top",  # there is not really a nice conversion here of matplotlib to vega
-        "anchor": VegaAlignment.from_matplotlib(title_obj.get_horizontalalignment()),
-        "baseline": title_obj.get_va(),
-        "color": title_obj.get_color(),
-        "font": title_obj.get_fontname(),
-        "fontSize": (title_font.get_size() * fig.dpi) / 72,
-        "fontStyle": title_obj.get_fontstyle(),
-        "fontWeight": title_font.get_weight(),
-    }
-
-
-def _create_axis_block(ax: Axes, axis_scales_block: list[dict[str, Any]], dpi: float) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-    axis_array = []
-    for scale in axis_scales_block:
-        axis_config = {}
-        axis_config["scale"] = scale["name"]
-        if scale["name"] == "X_scale":
-            axis = ax.xaxis
-        elif scale["name"] == "Y_scale":
-            axis = ax.yaxis
-
-        axis_props = axis.properties()
-
-        axis_config["orient"] = axis.get_label_position()
-
-        axis_line_props = ax.spines[axis_config["orient"]].properties()
-        axis_config["domain"] = axis_line_props["visible"]  # domain is whether axis line should be visible.
-        axis_config["domainOpacity"] = axis_line_props["alpha"] if axis_line_props["alpha"] else 1
-        axis_config["domainColor"] = mcolors.to_hex(axis_line_props["edgecolor"])
-        axis_config["domainWidth"] = (axis_line_props["linewidth"] * dpi) / 72
-        axis_config["grid"] = axis_props["tick_params"]["gridOn"]
-
-        # making the assumption here that all gridlines look the same
-        if axis_config["grid"]:
-            axis_config["gridOpacity"] = axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["alpha"]
-            axis_config["gridCap"] = axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["dash_capstyle"]
-            grid_color = float(axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["markeredgecolor"])
-            axis_config["gridColor"] = mcolors.to_hex([grid_color] * 3)
-            axis_config["gridWidth"] = (axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["markeredgewidth"] * dpi) / 72
-        axis_config["labelFont"] = axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_fontname()
-        axis_config["labelFontSize"] = (axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_size() * dpi) / 72
-        axis_config["labelFontStyle"] = axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_fontstyle()
-        axis_config["labelFontWeight"] = axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_fontweight()
-        axis_config["tickCount"] = len(axis_props["ticklocs"])
-        if axis_config["tickCount"] != 0:
-            tick_props = axis_props["ticklines"][0].properties()
-            axis_config["ticks"] = tick_props["visible"]
-            axis_config["tickOpacity"] = tick_props["alpha"] if tick_props["alpha"] else 1
-            if axis_config["ticks"] and axis_config["tickOpacity"] != 0:
-                axis_config["tickColor"] = mcolors.to_hex(tick_props["color"])
-                axis_config["tickCap"] = tick_props["dash_capstyle"]
-                axis_config["tickWidth"] = (tick_props["linewidth"] * dpi) / 72
-                axis_config["tickSize"] = (
-                    tick_props["markersize"] * dpi
-                ) / 72  # also marker edge width, but vega doesn't have an equivalent for that.
-
-        label = axis_props["label_text"]
-        if label == "":
-            axis_config["title"] = label
-            label_props = axis_props["label"].properties()
-
-            axis_config["titleAlign"] = label_props["horizontalalignment"]
-            axis_config["titleBaseline"] = label_props["verticalalignment"]
-            axis_config["titleColor"] = mcolors.to_hex(label_props["color"])
-            axis_config["titleFont"] = label_props["fontname"]
-            axis_config["titleFontSize"] = (label_props["fontsize"] * dpi) / 72
-            axis_config["titleFontWeight"] = label_props["fontweight"]
-            axis_config["titleOpacity"] = label_props["alpha"] if label_props["alpha"] else 1
-            axis_config["zindex"] = axis_props["zorder"]
-
-        axis_array.append(axis_config)
-    return axis_array
-
-
 def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, legend_params: Any, cs: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     fig = fig_params.fig
     ax = fig_params.ax
     data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array, legend_array = _create_data_configs(sdata, fig, ax, cs, sdata._path)
 
     scales_array = create_axis_scale_array(ax)
-    axis_array = _create_axis_block(ax, scales_array, fig.dpi)
+    axis_array = create_axis_block(ax, scales_array, fig.dpi)
 
     scales = scales_array + color_scale_array if len(color_scale_array) > 0 else scales_array
     # TODO: check why attrs does not respect ordereddict when writing sdata
     viewconfig = {
         "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": fig.bbox.height,  # matplotlib uses inches, but vega uses absolute pixels
+        "height": fig.bbox.height,
         "width": fig.bbox.width,
         "padding": create_padding_object(fig),
-        "title": _create_title_config(ax, fig),
+        "title": create_title_config(ax, fig),
         "data": data_array,
         "scales": scales,
+        "axes": axis_array,
     }
 
-    viewconfig["axes"] = axis_array
     if len(legend_array) > 0:
         viewconfig["legend"] = legend_array
     viewconfig["marks"] = marks_array

From 5ef6c252ff3214244f01d71c7888a29b5ea89955 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sat, 5 Apr 2025 15:14:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 25/56] marks refactor

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py | 241 ++++++++++++++++++++
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py    | 255 +---------------------
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py  |   6 +-
 3 files changed, 254 insertions(+), 248 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py
index e69de29b..22691cc8 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
+from matplotlib.axes import Axes
+
+from spatialdata_plot.pl.render_params import (
+    ImageRenderParams,
+    LabelsRenderParams,
+    PointsRenderParams,
+    ShapesRenderParams,
+)
+
+
+def _get_marks_fill_color_from_params(
+    params: PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams, color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] | None
+) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    if not color_scale_array and not params.color:
+        return {"value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False)}
+    if color_scale_array is not None and params.color:
+        return {"value": mcolors.to_hex(params.color, keep_alpha=False)}
+
+    if color_scale_array and (params.color or params.col_for_color):
+        if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
+            return {"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "field": params.col_for_color}
+        value = color_scale_array[0]["domain"]["field"]
+        if isinstance(value, list):
+            value = value[0]
+        return {"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": value}
+    return None
+
+
+def _create_encode_update(params: PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams, field_name: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    hex_na = mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False)
+    update = [
+        {
+            "test": f"!isValid(datum.{params.col_for_color})",
+            "value": hex_na,
+        }
+    ]
+
+    norm = params.cmap_params.norm
+    cmap = params.cmap_params.cmap
+    if (norm.vmin is not None or norm.vmax is not None) and (
+        cmap.get_under() is not None or cmap.get_over() is not None
+    ):
+        if cmap.get_under() is not None:
+            update.append(
+                {
+                    "test": f"datum.{field_name}) < {norm.vmin}",
+                    "value": mcolors.to_hex(cmap.get_under(), keep_alpha=False),
+                }
+            )
+        if cmap.get_over() is not None:
+            update.append(
+                {
+                    "test": f"datum.{field_name}) > {norm.vmax}",
+                    "value": mcolors.to_hex(cmap.get_over(), keep_alpha=False),
+                }
+            )
+    return update
+
+
+def create_raster_image_marks_object(
+    ax: Axes,
+    params: ImageRenderParams,
+    data_object: dict[str, Any],
+    call_count: int,
+    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]],
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create a vega like marks object for visualizing a SpatialData image element.
+
+    Note that there is no equivalent raster image marks object specification in vega. This is because
+    vega has no support for visualization of images.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ax : Axes
+        Matplotlib Axes object representing the (sub-) plot in which the SpatialData image element is visualized.
+    params : ImageRenderParams
+        The render parameters used for visualizing the SpatialData image element.
+    data_object : dict[str, Any]
+        A vega like data object which correspond to the SpatialData image element which is visualized.
+    call_count : int
+        The number indicating the index of the render call that visualized the SpatialData image element.
+    color_scale_array : list[dict[str, Any]]
+        A vega like array containing the color scale objects containing the information which colors are used
+        for visualizing the SpatialData image element.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dict[str, Any]
+        The vega like marks object pertaining to the SpatialData image element that is visualized.
+
+    """
+    fill_color = (
+        [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": "value"}]
+        if len(color_scale_array) == 1
+        else [{"scale": cs["name"], "field": f"channel_{i}"} for i, cs in enumerate(color_scale_array)]
+    )
+    return {
+        "type": "raster_image",
+        "from": {"data": data_object["name"]},
+        "zindex": ax.properties()["images"][call_count].zorder,
+        "encode": {"enter": {"opacity": {"value": params.alpha}, "fill": fill_color}},
+    }
+
+
+def create_shapes_marks_object(
+    params: ShapesRenderParams,
+    data_object: dict[str, Any],
+    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]],
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    encode_update = {}
+    fill_color = _get_marks_fill_color_from_params(params, color_scale_array)
+
+    if color_scale_array and isinstance(params.colortype, dict | str):
+        field = params.col_for_color or color_scale_array[0]["domain"]["field"]
+        if isinstance(field, list):
+            field = field[0]
+        encode_update["fill"] = _create_encode_update(params, field)
+
+    mark = {
+        "type": "path",
+        "from": {"data": data_object["name"]},
+        "zindex": params.zorder,
+        "encode": {
+            "enter": {
+                "x": {"scale": "X_scale", "field": "x"},
+                "y": {"scale": "Y_scale", "field": "y"},
+                "scaleX": params.scale,
+                "scaleY": params.scale,
+                "fill": fill_color,
+                "fillOpacity": {"value": params.fill_alpha},
+            }
+        },
+    }
+
+    if encode_update:
+        mark["encode"]["update"] = encode_update  # type: ignore[index]
+
+    if params.outline_params.outline and params.outline_alpha != 0:
+        outline_par = params.outline_params
+        stroke_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(outline_par.outline_color, keep_alpha=False)}
+
+        mark["encode"]["enter"].update(  # type: ignore[index]
+            {
+                "stroke": stroke_color,
+                "strokeWidth": {"value": outline_par.linewidth},
+                "strokeOpacity": {"value": params.outline_alpha},
+            }
+        )
+
+    return mark
+
+
+def create_points_symbol_marks_object(
+    params: PointsRenderParams,
+    data_object: dict[str, Any],
+    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] | None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    fill_color = _get_marks_fill_color_from_params(params, color_scale_array)
+    encode_update = {}
+
+    if color_scale_array and isinstance(params.colortype, dict | str):
+        field = params.col_for_color or color_scale_array[0]["domain"]["field"]
+        if isinstance(field, list):
+            field = field[0]
+        encode_update["fill"] = _create_encode_update(params, field)
+
+    mark = {
+        "type": "symbol",
+        "from": {"data": data_object["name"]},
+        "zindex": params.zorder,
+        "encode": {
+            "enter": {
+                "x": {"scale": "X_scale", "field": "x"},
+                "y": {"scale": "Y_scale", "field": "y"},
+                "stroke": fill_color,
+                "fill": fill_color,
+                "fillOpacity": {"value": params.alpha},
+                "size": {"value": params.size},
+                "shape": {"value": "circle"},
+            }
+        },
+    }
+
+    if encode_update:
+        mark["encode"]["update"] = encode_update  # type: ignore[index]
+
+    return mark
+
+
+def create_raster_label_marks_object(
+    ax: Axes,
+    params: LabelsRenderParams,
+    data_object: dict[str, Any],
+    call_count: int,
+    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]],
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    fill_color = [{"value": params.colortype}]
+    encode_update = None
+
+    if params.colortype == "continuous":
+        field = color_scale_array[0]["domain"]["field"][0]
+        fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": field}]
+        encode_update = {
+            "fill": [
+                {"test": "isValid(datum.value)", "scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "field": field},
+                {"value": params.cmap_params.na_color},
+            ]
+        }
+    elif isinstance(params.colortype, dict) and color_scale_array is not None:
+        fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": params.color}]
+        encode_update = {
+            "fill": [
+                {"test": "isValid(datum.value)", "scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "field": params.color},
+                {"value": params.cmap_params.na_color},
+            ]
+        }
+    elif params.colortype == "random":
+        fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": "value"}]
+
+    mark = {
+        "type": "raster_label",
+        "from": {"data": data_object["name"]},
+        "zindex": ax.properties()["images"][call_count].zorder,
+        "encode": {
+            "enter": {
+                "stroke": fill_color,
+                "fill": fill_color,
+                "fillOpacity": {"value": params.fill_alpha},
+                "strokeOpacity": {"value": params.outline_alpha},
+                "strokeWidth": {"value": params.contour_px},
+            }
+        },
+    }
+
+    if encode_update:
+        mark["encode"]["update"] = encode_update
+
+    return mark
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
index d5f09abc..d9915a72 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
-import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
 from matplotlib.axes import Axes
 from matplotlib.figure import Figure
 
@@ -15,6 +14,12 @@
 )
 from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.layout import create_padding_object, create_title_config
 from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.legend import create_categorical_legend, create_colorbar_legend
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.marks import (
+    create_points_symbol_marks_object,
+    create_raster_image_marks_object,
+    create_raster_label_marks_object,
+    create_shapes_marks_object,
+)
 from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.misc import strip_call
 from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.scales import (
     create_axis_scale_array,
@@ -62,7 +67,7 @@ def _create_scales_legends_marks(
     if isinstance(params, ImageRenderParams):  # second part to shut up mypy
         color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_image(params.cmap_params, data_object["name"], params.channel)
         legend_array = create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
-        marks_object = _create_raster_image_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
+        marks_object = create_raster_image_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
     if isinstance(params, LabelsRenderParams):
         if params.colortype is not None:
             color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(params.colortype, params, data_object)
@@ -70,7 +75,7 @@ def _create_scales_legends_marks(
             legend_array = create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
         if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
             legend_array = create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array, ax)
-        marks_object = _create_raster_label_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
+        marks_object = create_raster_label_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
     if isinstance(params, PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams):
         if params.colortype is not None:
             color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(params.colortype, params, data_object)
@@ -80,253 +85,13 @@ def _create_scales_legends_marks(
                 legend_array = create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array, ax)
 
         if isinstance(params, PointsRenderParams):
-            marks_object = _create_points_symbol_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
+            marks_object = create_points_symbol_marks_object(params, data_object, color_scale_array)
         else:
-            marks_object = _create_shapes_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
+            marks_object = create_shapes_marks_object(params, data_object, color_scale_array)
 
     return marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array
 
 
-def _create_raster_image_marks_object(
-    ax: Axes,
-    params: ImageRenderParams,
-    data_object: dict[str, Any],
-    call_count: int,
-    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]],
-) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    if len(color_scale_array) == 1:
-        fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": "value"}]
-    else:
-        fill_color = [
-            {"scale": color_scale["name"], "field": f"channel_{index}"}
-            for index, color_scale in enumerate(color_scale_array)
-        ]
-
-    return {
-        "type": "raster_image",
-        "from": {"data": data_object["name"]},
-        "zindex": ax.properties()["images"][call_count].zorder,
-        "encode": {
-            "enter": {
-                "opacity": {"value": params.alpha},
-                "fill": fill_color,
-            }
-        },
-    }
-
-
-def _create_shapes_marks_object(
-    ax: Axes,
-    params: ShapesRenderParams,
-    data_object: dict[str, Any],
-    call_count: int,
-    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]],
-) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    encode_update = None
-    if not color_scale_array and not params.color:
-        fill_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False)}
-    elif not color_scale_array and params.color:
-        fill_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(params.color, keep_alpha=False)}
-    elif color_scale_array and (params.color or params.col_for_color):
-        if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
-            encode_update = {
-                "fill": [
-                    {
-                        "test": f"!isValid(datum.{params.col_for_color})",
-                        "value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False),
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-            fill_color = {"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "field": params.col_for_color}
-        else:
-            value = val[0] if isinstance(val := color_scale_array[0]["domain"]["field"], list) else val
-            fill_color = {"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": value}
-            encode_update = {"fill": []}
-            encode_update["fill"].append(
-                {
-                    "test": f"!isValid(datum.{params.col_for_color})",
-                    "value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False),
-                }
-            )
-            if (params.cmap_params.norm.vmin is not None or params.cmap_params.norm.vmax is not None) and (
-                params.cmap_params.cmap.get_under() is not None or params.cmap_params.cmap.get_over() is not None
-            ):
-                # or condition doesn't reach second condition if first condition is met
-                under_col = params.cmap_params.cmap.get_under()
-                over_col = params.cmap_params.cmap.get_over()
-                if under_col is not None:
-                    encode_update["fill"].append(
-                        {
-                            "test": f"datum.{value}) < {params.cmap_params.norm.vmin}",
-                            "value": mcolors.to_hex(under_col, keep_alpha=False),
-                        }
-                    )
-                if over_col is not None:
-                    encode_update["fill"].append(
-                        {
-                            "test": f"datum.{value}) > {params.cmap_params.norm.vmax}",
-                            "value": mcolors.to_hex(over_col, keep_alpha=False),
-                        }
-                    )
-
-    shapes_object = {
-        "type": "path",
-        "from": {"data": data_object["name"]},
-        "zindex": params.zorder,
-        "encode": {
-            "enter": {
-                "x": {"scale": "X_scale", "field": "x"},
-                "y": {"scale": "Y_scale", "field": "y"},
-                "scaleX": params.scale,
-                "scaleY": params.scale,
-                "fill": fill_color,
-                "fillOpacity": {"value": params.fill_alpha},
-            }
-        },
-    }
-
-    if params.outline_params.outline and params.outline_alpha != 0:
-        outline_par = params.outline_params
-        stroke_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(outline_par.outline_color, keep_alpha=False)}
-
-        shapes_object["encode"]["enter"].update(  # type: ignore[index]
-            {
-                "stroke": stroke_color,
-                "strokeWidth": {"value": outline_par.linewidth},
-                "strokeOpacity": {"value": params.outline_alpha},
-            }
-        )
-
-    return shapes_object
-
-
-def _create_points_symbol_marks_object(
-    ax: Axes,
-    params: PointsRenderParams,
-    data_object: dict[str, Any],
-    call_count: int,
-    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] | None,
-) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    encode_update = {}
-    if not color_scale_array and not params.color:
-        fill_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False)}
-    elif not color_scale_array and params.color:
-        fill_color = {"value": mcolors.to_hex(params.color, keep_alpha=False)}
-    elif color_scale_array and (params.color or params.col_for_color):
-        if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
-            encode_update["fill"] = [
-                {
-                    "test": f"!isValid(datum.{params.col_for_color})",
-                    "value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False),
-                }
-            ]
-            fill_color = {"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "field": params.col_for_color}
-        else:
-            value = val[0] if isinstance(val := color_scale_array[0]["domain"]["field"], list) else val
-            fill_color = {"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": value}
-            # encode_update = {"fill": []}
-            encode_update["fill"] = [
-                {
-                    "test": f"!isValid(datum.{params.col_for_color})",
-                    "value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False),
-                }
-            ]
-
-            if (params.cmap_params.norm.vmin is not None or params.cmap_params.norm.vmax is not None) and (
-                params.cmap_params.cmap.get_under() is not None or params.cmap_params.cmap.get_over() is not None
-            ):
-                # or condition doesn't reach second condition if first condition is met
-                under_col = params.cmap_params.cmap.get_under()
-                over_col = params.cmap_params.cmap.get_over()
-                if under_col is not None:
-                    encode_update["fill"].append(
-                        {
-                            "test": f"datum.{value}) < {params.cmap_params.norm.vmin}",
-                            "value": mcolors.to_hex(under_col, keep_alpha=False),
-                        }
-                    )
-                if over_col is not None:
-                    encode_update["fill"].append(
-                        {
-                            "test": f"datum.{value}) > {params.cmap_params.norm.vmax}",
-                            "value": mcolors.to_hex(over_col, keep_alpha=False),
-                        }
-                    )
-
-    points_object = {
-        "type": "symbol",
-        "from": {"data": data_object["name"]},
-        "zindex": params.zorder,
-        "encode": {
-            "enter": {
-                "x": {"scale": "X_scale", "field": "x"},
-                "y": {"scale": "Y_scale", "field": "y"},
-                "stroke": fill_color,
-                "fill": fill_color,
-                "fillOpacity": {"value": params.alpha},
-                "size": {"value": params.size},
-                "shape": {"value": "circle"},
-            }
-        },
-    }
-    if encode_update:
-        # TODO: check if we can give info that na-color is used prior to adding this. If so then add if conditional.
-        points_object["encode"]["update"] = encode_update  # type: ignore[index]
-
-    return points_object
-
-
-def _create_raster_label_marks_object(
-    ax: Axes,
-    params: LabelsRenderParams,
-    data_object: dict[str, Any],
-    call_count: int,
-    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]],
-) -> dict[str, Any]:
-
-    if params.colortype == "continuous":
-        color_col = color_scale_array[0]["domain"]["field"][0]
-        fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": color_col}]
-        encode_update = {
-            "fill": [
-                {"test": "isValid(datum.value)", "scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "field": color_col},
-                {"value": params.cmap_params.na_color},
-            ]
-        }
-    if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
-        color_col = params.color
-        fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": color_col}]
-        encode_update = {
-            "fill": [
-                {"test": "isValid(datum.value)", "scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "field": color_col},
-                {"value": params.cmap_params.na_color},
-            ]
-        }
-    if params.colortype == "random":
-        fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": "value"}]
-    if mcolors.is_color_like(params.colortype):
-        fill_color = [{"value": params.colortype}]
-
-    labels_object = {
-        "type": "raster_label",
-        "from": {"data": data_object["name"]},
-        "zindex": ax.properties()["images"][call_count].zorder,
-        "encode": {
-            "enter": {
-                "stroke": fill_color,
-                "fill": fill_color,
-                "fillOpacity": {"value": params.fill_alpha},
-                "strokeOpacity": {"value": params.outline_alpha},
-                "strokeWidth": {"value": params.contour_px},
-            }
-        },
-    }
-
-    if params.colortype == "continuous":
-        labels_object["encode"]["update"] = encode_update
-    return labels_object
-
-
 def _create_data_configs(
     sdata: SpatialData, fig: Figure, ax: Axes, cs: str, sdata_path: str
 ) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
index 3fe4c0fd..981f77e4 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class ShapesRenderParams:
     element: str
     color: str | None = None
     col_for_color: str | None = None
-    colortype: str | dict[str, str] | Literal["continuous"] | None = None
+    colortype: str | dict[str, str] | None = None
     groups: str | list[str] | None = None
     contour_px: int | None = None
     palette: ListedColormap | list[str] | None = None
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class PointsRenderParams:
     element: str
     color: str | None = None
     col_for_color: str | None = None
-    colortype: str | dict[str, str] | Literal["continuous"] | None = None
+    colortype: str | dict[str, str] | None = None
     groups: str | list[str] | None = None
     palette: ListedColormap | list[str] | None = None
     alpha: float = 1.0
@@ -148,4 +148,4 @@ class LabelsRenderParams:
     table_name: str | None = None
     table_layer: str | None = None
     zorder: int = 0
-    colortype: dict[str, str] | Literal["continuous" | "random"] | None = None
+    colortype: dict[str, str] | str | None = None

From 186d2a3d8eb6bf286124d14db3b755956908bf2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sun, 6 Apr 2025 13:45:55 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 26/56] add docstrings

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py | 100 +++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 96 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py
index 22691cc8..deb014cd 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py
@@ -11,9 +11,24 @@
 )
 
 
-def _get_marks_fill_color_from_params(
+def _create_marks_fill_color_from_params(
     params: PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams, color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] | None
 ) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    """
+    Create the fill color object for a vega like mark for a points or shapes element.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    params : PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams
+        The render parameters used for visualizing the SpatialData points or shapes element.
+    color_scale_array : list[dict[str, Any]]
+        The vega like color scale array containing the color scale used in the vega like mark object.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    list[dict[str, Any]] | None
+        The fill color object for the points or shapes element.
+    """
     if not color_scale_array and not params.color:
         return {"value": mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False)}
     if color_scale_array is not None and params.color:
@@ -30,6 +45,22 @@ def _get_marks_fill_color_from_params(
 
 
 def _create_encode_update(params: PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams, field_name: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Create the encode update object for a vega like mark for a points or shapes element.
+
+    This object is only created when either a column used to color the mark has a value of NaN or when the
+    provided colormap does not perform clipping and values of the column fall beyond the range of vmin and vmax.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    params : PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams
+        The render parameters used for visualizing the SpatialData points or shapes element.
+    field_name : str
+        The name of the column used to color the data.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The encode update object for the points or shapes element.
+    """
     hex_na = mcolors.to_hex(params.cmap_params.na_color, keep_alpha=False)
     update = [
         {
@@ -90,7 +121,6 @@ def create_raster_image_marks_object(
     -------
     dict[str, Any]
         The vega like marks object pertaining to the SpatialData image element that is visualized.
-
     """
     fill_color = (
         [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": "value"}]
@@ -110,8 +140,27 @@ def create_shapes_marks_object(
     data_object: dict[str, Any],
     color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]],
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create a vega like marks object for visualizing a SpatialData shapes element.
+
+    Note that the mark object differs from a vega like mark object in the way that the data is defined.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    params : ShapesRenderParams
+        The render parameters used for visualizing the SpatialData shapes element.
+    data_object : dict[str, Any]
+        A vega like data object which correspond to the SpatialData shapes element which is visualized.
+    color_scale_array : list[dict[str, Any]]
+        A vega like array containing the color scale objects containing the information which colors are used
+        for visualizing the SpatialData shapes element.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dict[str, Any]
+        The vega like marks object pertaining to the SpatialData shapes element that is visualized.
+    """
     encode_update = {}
-    fill_color = _get_marks_fill_color_from_params(params, color_scale_array)
+    fill_color = _create_marks_fill_color_from_params(params, color_scale_array)
 
     if color_scale_array and isinstance(params.colortype, dict | str):
         field = params.col_for_color or color_scale_array[0]["domain"]["field"]
@@ -158,7 +207,26 @@ def create_points_symbol_marks_object(
     data_object: dict[str, Any],
     color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] | None,
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    fill_color = _get_marks_fill_color_from_params(params, color_scale_array)
+    """Create a vega like marks object for visualizing a SpatialData points element.
+
+    Note that the mark object differs from a vega like mark object in the way that the data is defined.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    params : PointsRenderParams
+        The render parameters used for visualizing the SpatialData points element.
+    data_object : dict[str, Any]
+        A vega like data object which correspond to the SpatialData points element which is visualized.
+    color_scale_array : list[dict[str, Any]]
+        A vega like array containing the color scale objects containing the information which colors are used
+        for visualizing the SpatialData points element.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dict[str, Any]
+        The vega like marks object pertaining to the SpatialData points element that is visualized.
+    """
+    fill_color = _create_marks_fill_color_from_params(params, color_scale_array)
     encode_update = {}
 
     if color_scale_array and isinstance(params.colortype, dict | str):
@@ -197,6 +265,30 @@ def create_raster_label_marks_object(
     call_count: int,
     color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]],
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create a vega like marks object for visualizing a SpatialData image element.
+
+    Note that there is no equivalent raster image marks object specification in vega. This is because
+    vega has no support for visualization of labels.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ax : Axes
+        Matplotlib Axes object representing the (sub-) plot in which the SpatialData labels element is visualized.
+    params : ImageRenderParams
+        The render parameters used for visualizing the SpatialData labels element.
+    data_object : dict[str, Any]
+        A vega like data object which correspond to the SpatialData labels element which is visualized.
+    call_count : int
+        The number indicating the index of the render call that visualized the SpatialData labels element.
+    color_scale_array : list[dict[str, Any]]
+        A vega like array containing the color scale objects containing the information which colors are used
+        for visualizing the SpatialData labels element.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dict[str, Any]
+        The vega like marks object pertaining to the SpatialData labels element that is visualized.
+    """
     fill_color = [{"value": params.colortype}]
     encode_update = None
 

From 7525a4c608139dd6a284c4fb37dd7950daf993a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sun, 6 Apr 2025 13:56:47 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 27/56] remove commented code

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py | 10 ++--------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
index 5a1d14db..8bc27759 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
@@ -159,18 +159,12 @@ def create_colorbar_legend(
                 "gradientStrokeColor": stroke_color,
                 "gradientStrokeWidth": (spine_outline["linewidth"] * fig.dpi) / 72 if stroke_color else None,
                 "values": enforce_common_decimal_format(list(cbar.ax.get_yticks())),
-                # "labelAlign": label["horizontalalignment"],
-                # "labelColor": mcolors.to_hex(label["color"]),
-                # "labelFont": label["fontname"],
-                # "labelFontSize": (label["fontsize"] * fig.dpi) / 72,
-                # "labelFontStyle": label["fontstyle"],
-                # "labelFontWeight": label["fontweight"],
+                **common_props,
                 "legendX": cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[0],
                 "legendY": fig.bbox.height - cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[1] - cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[3],
-                **common_props,
                 "zindex": axis_props["zorder"],
             }
             if legend_title_object["title"] != "":
-                legend_object.update(legend_title_object)
+                legend_object |= legend_title_object
             legend_array.append(legend_object)
     return legend_array

From 2d496c5cd1def13cddfef0440b8048093b6ee4e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sun, 6 Apr 2025 17:56:38 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 28/56] refactor viewconfig

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py | 267 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/layout.py |  54 -----
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py     | 172 -------------
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py           |   4 +-
 4 files changed, 269 insertions(+), 228 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py
 delete mode 100644 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/layout.py
 delete mode 100644 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef4da779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+from matplotlib.axes import Axes
+from matplotlib.figure import Figure
+from spatialdata import SpatialData
+
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.axis import create_axis_block
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.data import (
+    create_base_level_sdata_object,
+    create_derived_data_object,
+    create_table_data_object,
+)
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.legend import create_categorical_legend, create_colorbar_legend
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.marks import (
+    create_points_symbol_marks_object,
+    create_raster_image_marks_object,
+    create_raster_label_marks_object,
+    create_shapes_marks_object,
+)
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.misc import VegaAlignment, strip_call
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.scales import (
+    create_axis_scale_array,
+    create_colorscale_array_image,
+    create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels,
+)
+from spatialdata_plot.pl.render_params import (
+    FigParams,
+    ImageRenderParams,
+    LabelsRenderParams,
+    PointsRenderParams,
+    ShapesRenderParams,
+)
+
+Params = ImageRenderParams | LabelsRenderParams | PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams
+
+
+def _colortype_to_scale_legend(
+    fig: Figure,
+    ax: Axes,
+    params: LabelsRenderParams | PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams,
+    data_object: dict[str, Any],
+    legend_count: int,
+) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
+    color_scale_array = []
+    legend_array = []
+
+    if params.colortype is not None:
+        color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(params.colortype, params, data_object)
+        if params.colortype == "continuous":
+            legend_array = create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
+        elif isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
+            legend_array = create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array, ax)
+
+    return color_scale_array, legend_array
+
+
+def create_padding_object(fig: Figure) -> dict[str, float]:
+    """Get the padding parameters for a vega viewconfiguration.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fig : Figure
+        The matplotlib figure. The top level container for all the plot elements.
+    """
+    # contains also wspace and hspace but does not seem to be used by vega here.
+    padding_obj = fig.subplotpars
+    return {
+        "left": (padding_obj.left * fig.bbox.width),
+        "top": ((1 - padding_obj.top) * fig.bbox.height),
+        "right": ((1 - padding_obj.right) * fig.bbox.width),
+        "bottom": (padding_obj.bottom * fig.bbox.height),
+    }
+
+
+def create_title_config(ax: Axes, fig: Figure) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create a vega title object for a spatialdata view configuration.
+
+    Note that not all field values as obtained from matplotlib are supported by the official
+    vega specification.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ax : Axes
+        A matplotlib Axes instance which represents one (sub)plot in a matplotlib figure.
+    fig : Figure
+        The matplotlib figure. The top level container for all the plot elements.
+    """
+    title_text = ax.get_title()
+    title_obj = ax.title
+    title_font = title_obj.get_fontproperties()
+
+    return {
+        "text": title_text,
+        "orient": "top",  # there is not really a nice conversion here of matplotlib to vega
+        "anchor": VegaAlignment.from_matplotlib(title_obj.get_horizontalalignment()),
+        "baseline": title_obj.get_va(),
+        "color": title_obj.get_color(),
+        "font": title_obj.get_fontname(),
+        "fontSize": (title_font.get_size() * fig.dpi) / 72,
+        "fontStyle": title_obj.get_fontstyle(),
+        "fontWeight": title_font.get_weight(),
+    }
+
+
+def _create_scales_legends_marks(
+    fig: Figure,
+    ax: Axes,
+    data_object: dict[str, Any],
+    params: Params,
+    call_count: int,
+    legend_count: int = 0,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
+    """Create vega like scales, legend and mark arrays for the viewconfiguration.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fig : Figure
+        The matplotlib figure.
+    ax : Axes
+        Matplotlib Axes object representing the (sub-) plot in which the SpatialData labels element is visualized.
+    data_object: dict[str, Any]
+        A vega like data object pertaining to a Spatialdata element that is visualized.
+    params: Params
+        The render parameters used in spatialdata-plot for the particular type of SpatialData
+        element.
+    call_count : int
+        The number indicating the index of the render call that visualized the SpatialData element.
+    legend_count : int
+        The number of already created legend objects.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    marks_object : dict[str, Any]
+        The vega like marks object for a given spatialdata element.
+    color_scale_array : list[dict[str, Any]]
+        An array of vega like color scale object containing the information for applying colors to a mark
+    legend_array : list[dict[str, Any]]
+        An array of vega like legend objects for a given spatialdata element colored based on a given
+        color object.
+    """
+    marks_object: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    legend_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+
+    match params:
+        case ImageRenderParams():
+            color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_image(params.cmap_params, data_object["name"], params.channel)
+            legend_array = create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
+            marks_object = create_raster_image_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
+        case LabelsRenderParams() | PointsRenderParams() | ShapesRenderParams():
+            color_scale_array, legend_array = _colortype_to_scale_legend(fig, ax, params, data_object, legend_count)
+
+    match params:
+        case LabelsRenderParams():
+            marks_object = create_raster_label_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
+        case PointsRenderParams():
+            marks_object = create_points_symbol_marks_object(params, data_object, color_scale_array)
+        case ShapesRenderParams():
+            marks_object = create_shapes_marks_object(params, data_object, color_scale_array)
+
+    return marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array
+
+
+def _create_data_configs(
+    sdata: SpatialData, fig: Figure, ax: Axes, cs: str, sdata_path: str
+) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
+    """Create the vega json array value to the data key.
+
+    The data array in the SpatialData vegalike viewconfig consists out of
+    an object for the base level of the SpatialData zarr store and subsequently
+    derived individual SpatialData elements.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    sdata : SpatialData
+        The SpatialData object from which elements are visualized.
+    fig : Figure
+        The matplotlib figure.
+    ax : Axes
+        Matplotlib Axes object representing the (sub-) plot in which the SpatialData labels element is visualized.
+    cs: str
+        The name of the coordinate system in which the SpatialData elements were plotted.
+    sdata_path: str
+        The location of the SpatialData zarr store.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    data_array : list[dict[str, Any]]
+        An array of vega like data objects pertaining to visualized SpatialData elements.
+    marks_array: list[dict[str, Any]]
+        An array of vega like marks objects, each pertaining to one render call.
+    color_scale_array_full : list[dict[str, Any]]
+        An array of vega like color scale objects, each containing information regarding the coloring
+        used to visualize a particular SpatialData element.
+    legend_array_full: list[dict[str, Any]]
+        An array of vega like legend objects, each pertaining to one legend.
+    """
+    marks_array = []
+    color_scale_array_full: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    legend_array_full = []
+    url = str(Path("sdata.zarr"))
+
+    if sdata_path:
+        url = sdata_path
+
+    base_block = create_base_level_sdata_object(url)
+    data_array = [base_block]
+
+    counters = {"render_images": 0, "render_labels": 0, "render_points": 0, "render_shapes": 0}
+    for call, params in sdata.plotting_tree.items():
+        call = strip_call(call)
+        table_id = None
+        if table := getattr(params, "table_name", None):
+            data_array.append(create_table_data_object(table, base_block["name"], params.table_layer))
+            table_id = data_array[-1]["name"]
+        data_array.append(create_derived_data_object(sdata, call, params, base_block["name"], cs, table_id))
+        marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array = _create_scales_legends_marks(
+            fig, ax, data_array[-1], params, counters[call], len(color_scale_array_full)
+        )
+
+        marks_array.append(marks_object)
+        if color_scale_array:
+            color_scale_array_full += color_scale_array
+        legend_array_full += legend_array
+        counters[call] += 1
+
+    return data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array_full, legend_array_full
+
+
+def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, cs: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create a vega like view configuration based on the spatialdata-plot visualization.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    sdata : SpatialData
+        The SpatialData object from which elements are visualized.
+    fig_params : FigParams
+        The figure parameters containing for example the matplotlib figure and axes.
+    cs: str
+        The name of the coordinate system in which the SpatialData elements were plotted.
+    """
+    fig = fig_params.fig
+    ax = fig_params.ax
+    data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array, legend_array = _create_data_configs(sdata, fig, ax, cs, sdata._path)
+
+    scales_array = create_axis_scale_array(ax)
+    axis_array = create_axis_block(ax, scales_array, fig.dpi)
+
+    scales = scales_array + color_scale_array if len(color_scale_array) > 0 else scales_array
+
+    viewconfig = {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": fig.bbox.height,
+        "width": fig.bbox.width,
+        "padding": create_padding_object(fig),
+        "title": create_title_config(ax, fig),
+        "data": data_array,
+        "scales": scales,
+        "axes": axis_array,
+    }
+
+    if len(legend_array) > 0:
+        viewconfig["legend"] = legend_array
+    viewconfig["marks"] = marks_array
+
+    return viewconfig
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/layout.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/layout.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 8a022eb0..00000000
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/layout.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-from typing import Any
-
-from matplotlib.axes import Axes
-from matplotlib.figure import Figure
-
-from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.misc import VegaAlignment
-
-
-def create_padding_object(fig: Figure) -> dict[str, float]:
-    """Get the padding parameters for a vega viewconfiguration.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    fig : Figure
-        The matplotlib figure. The top level container for all the plot elements.
-    """
-    # contains also wspace and hspace but does not seem to be used by vega here.
-    padding_obj = fig.subplotpars
-    return {
-        "left": (padding_obj.left * fig.bbox.width),
-        "top": ((1 - padding_obj.top) * fig.bbox.height),
-        "right": ((1 - padding_obj.right) * fig.bbox.width),
-        "bottom": (padding_obj.bottom * fig.bbox.height),
-    }
-
-
-def create_title_config(ax: Axes, fig: Figure) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    """Create a vega title object for a spatialdata view configuration.
-
-    Note that not all field values as obtained from matplotlib are supported by the official
-    vega specification.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    ax : Axes
-        A matplotlib Axes instance which represents one (sub)plot in a matplotlib figure.
-    fig : Figure
-        The matplotlib figure. The top level container for all the plot elements.
-    """
-    title_text = ax.get_title()
-    title_obj = ax.title
-    title_font = title_obj.get_fontproperties()
-
-    return {
-        "text": title_text,
-        "orient": "top",  # there is not really a nice conversion here of matplotlib to vega
-        "anchor": VegaAlignment.from_matplotlib(title_obj.get_horizontalalignment()),
-        "baseline": title_obj.get_va(),
-        "color": title_obj.get_color(),
-        "font": title_obj.get_fontname(),
-        "fontSize": (title_font.get_size() * fig.dpi) / 72,
-        "fontStyle": title_obj.get_fontstyle(),
-        "fontWeight": title_font.get_weight(),
-    }
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
deleted file mode 100644
index d9915a72..00000000
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/_viewconfig.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
-
-from matplotlib.axes import Axes
-from matplotlib.figure import Figure
-
-from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.axis import create_axis_block
-from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.data import (
-    create_base_level_sdata_object,
-    create_derived_data_object,
-    create_table_data_object,
-)
-from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.layout import create_padding_object, create_title_config
-from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.legend import create_categorical_legend, create_colorbar_legend
-from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.marks import (
-    create_points_symbol_marks_object,
-    create_raster_image_marks_object,
-    create_raster_label_marks_object,
-    create_shapes_marks_object,
-)
-from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.misc import strip_call
-from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.scales import (
-    create_axis_scale_array,
-    create_colorscale_array_image,
-    create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels,
-)
-from spatialdata_plot.pl.render_params import (
-    FigParams,
-    ImageRenderParams,
-    LabelsRenderParams,
-    PointsRenderParams,
-    ShapesRenderParams,
-)
-
-Params = ImageRenderParams | LabelsRenderParams | PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams
-
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from spatialdata import SpatialData
-
-
-def _create_scales_legends_marks(
-    fig: Figure,
-    ax: Axes,
-    data_object: dict[str, Any],
-    params: Params,
-    call_count: int,
-    legend_count: int = 0,
-) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
-    """Create vega like data object for SpatialData elements.
-
-    Each object for a SpatialData element contains an additional transform that
-    is not entirely corresponding to the vega spec but aims to allow for retrieving
-    the specific element and transforming it to a particular coordinate space.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    params: Params
-        The render parameters used in spatialdata-plot for the particular type of SpatialData
-        element.
-    """
-    marks_object: dict[str, Any] = {}
-    color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
-    legend_array: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
-
-    if isinstance(params, ImageRenderParams):  # second part to shut up mypy
-        color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_image(params.cmap_params, data_object["name"], params.channel)
-        legend_array = create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
-        marks_object = create_raster_image_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
-    if isinstance(params, LabelsRenderParams):
-        if params.colortype is not None:
-            color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(params.colortype, params, data_object)
-        if params.colortype == "continuous":
-            legend_array = create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
-        if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
-            legend_array = create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array, ax)
-        marks_object = create_raster_label_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
-    if isinstance(params, PointsRenderParams | ShapesRenderParams):
-        if params.colortype is not None:
-            color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(params.colortype, params, data_object)
-            if params.colortype == "continuous":
-                legend_array = create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
-            if isinstance(params.colortype, dict):
-                legend_array = create_categorical_legend(fig, color_scale_array, ax)
-
-        if isinstance(params, PointsRenderParams):
-            marks_object = create_points_symbol_marks_object(params, data_object, color_scale_array)
-        else:
-            marks_object = create_shapes_marks_object(params, data_object, color_scale_array)
-
-    return marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array
-
-
-def _create_data_configs(
-    sdata: SpatialData, fig: Figure, ax: Axes, cs: str, sdata_path: str
-) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
-    """Create the vega json array value to the data key.
-
-    The data array in the SpatialData vegalike viewconfig consists out of
-    an object for the base level of the SpatialData zarr store and subsequently
-    derived individual SpatialData elements.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    plotting_tree: OrderedDict[str, Params]
-        Dictionary with as keys the render calls prefixed with the index of the render call. Render calls are either
-        render_images, render_labels, render_points, or render_shapes. The values in the dict are the parameters
-        corresponding to the render call.
-    cs: str
-        The name of the coordinate system in which the SpatialData elements were plotted.
-    sdata_path: str
-        The location of the SpatialData zarr store.
-    """
-    marks_array = []
-    color_scale_array_full: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
-    legend_array_full = []
-    url = str(Path("sdata.zarr"))
-
-    if sdata_path:
-        url = sdata_path
-
-    base_block = create_base_level_sdata_object(url)
-    data_array = [base_block]
-
-    counters = {"render_images": 0, "render_labels": 0, "render_points": 0, "render_shapes": 0}
-    for call, params in sdata.plotting_tree.items():
-        call = strip_call(call)
-        table_id = None
-        if table := getattr(params, "table_name", None):
-            data_array.append(create_table_data_object(table, base_block["name"], params.table_layer))
-            table_id = data_array[-1]["name"]
-        data_array.append(create_derived_data_object(sdata, call, params, base_block["name"], cs, table_id))
-        marks_object, color_scale_array, legend_array = _create_scales_legends_marks(
-            fig, ax, data_array[-1], params, counters[call], len(color_scale_array_full)
-        )
-
-        marks_array.append(marks_object)
-        if color_scale_array:
-            color_scale_array_full += color_scale_array
-        legend_array_full += legend_array
-        counters[call] += 1
-
-    return data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array_full, legend_array_full
-
-
-def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, legend_params: Any, cs: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    fig = fig_params.fig
-    ax = fig_params.ax
-    data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array, legend_array = _create_data_configs(sdata, fig, ax, cs, sdata._path)
-
-    scales_array = create_axis_scale_array(ax)
-    axis_array = create_axis_block(ax, scales_array, fig.dpi)
-
-    scales = scales_array + color_scale_array if len(color_scale_array) > 0 else scales_array
-    # TODO: check why attrs does not respect ordereddict when writing sdata
-    viewconfig = {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": fig.bbox.height,
-        "width": fig.bbox.width,
-        "padding": create_padding_object(fig),
-        "title": create_title_config(ax, fig),
-        "data": data_array,
-        "scales": scales,
-        "axes": axis_array,
-    }
-
-    if len(legend_array) > 0:
-        viewconfig["legend"] = legend_array
-    viewconfig["marks"] = marks_array
-
-    return viewconfig
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
index 728a16f6..b4d464d3 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 
 import spatialdata_plot.config
 from spatialdata_plot._accessor import register_spatial_data_accessor
-from spatialdata_plot.pl._viewconfig import create_viewconfig
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.config import create_viewconfig
 from spatialdata_plot.pl.render import (
     _render_images,
     _render_labels,
@@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ def _concat_viewconfig(
 
         viewconfig: list[dict[str, Any]] | None = None
         if store_viewconfig_in_attrs or store_viewconfig_to_disk:
-            viewconfig = [create_viewconfig(sdata, fig_params, legend_params, store_viewconfig_cs)]
+            viewconfig = [create_viewconfig(sdata, fig_params, store_viewconfig_cs)]
         if store_viewconfig_in_attrs:
             root = sdata
             while hasattr(root, "_sdata"):

From e0853fcda116c73b114980efa3f0362c170484a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sun, 6 Apr 2025 23:31:47 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 29/56] use axis tick values directly

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py | 12 ++++++++++--
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
index 1ca6d3f6..2eecbc17 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
 from matplotlib.axes import Axes
 
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.misc import parse_numbers_with_exact_format
 from spatialdata_plot.pl.utils import to_hex_alpha
 
 
@@ -37,8 +38,7 @@ def create_axis_block(ax: Axes, axis_scales_block: list[dict[str, Any]], dpi: fl
         axis_config["labelFontSize"] = (axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_size() * dpi) / 72
         axis_config["labelFontStyle"] = axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_fontstyle()
         axis_config["labelFontWeight"] = axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_fontweight()
-        axis_config["tickCount"] = len(axis_props["ticklocs"])
-        if axis_config["tickCount"] != 0:
+        if len(axis_props["ticklocs"]) != 0:
             tick_props = axis_props["ticklines"][0].properties()
             axis_config["ticks"] = tick_props["visible"]
             axis_config["tickOpacity"] = tick_props["alpha"] if tick_props["alpha"] else 1
@@ -50,6 +50,14 @@ def create_axis_block(ax: Axes, axis_scales_block: list[dict[str, Any]], dpi: fl
                     tick_props["markersize"] * dpi
                 ) / 72  # also marker edge width, but vega doesn't have an equivalent for that.
 
+                vmin, vmax = axis_props["view_interval"]
+                tick_str_values = [
+                    ticklabel.get_text()
+                    for ticklabel in axis_props["ticklabels"]
+                    if vmin <= float(ticklabel.get_text()) <= vmax
+                ]
+                axis_config["values"] = parse_numbers_with_exact_format(tick_str_values)
+
         label = axis_props["label_text"]
         if label != "":
             axis_config["title"] = label
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py
index 60934072..bca11e10 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py
@@ -30,3 +30,25 @@ def enforce_common_decimal_format(values: list[float]) -> list[float]:
 def strip_call(s: str) -> str:
     """Strip leading digit and underscore from call name."""
     return re.sub(r"^\d+_", "", s)
+
+
+def parse_numbers_with_exact_format(str_values: list[str]) -> list[float]:
+    """Convert string to their exact int or float representation.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    str_values : list[str]
+        The list of strings to convert to float or int.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    float_ls: list[float]
+        The float / int representation of the string values.
+    """
+    float_ls = []
+    for s in str_values:
+        if "." in s:
+            float_ls.append(float(s))
+        else:
+            float_ls.append(int(s))
+    return float_ls

From 050772c2b8259b3aba7aa6a6f6c17c9c1a42fb73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sun, 6 Apr 2025 23:39:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 30/56] account for reverse axis

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
index 2eecbc17..71650642 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from typing import Any
 
 import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
+import numpy as np
 from matplotlib.axes import Axes
 
 from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.misc import parse_numbers_with_exact_format
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ def create_axis_block(ax: Axes, axis_scales_block: list[dict[str, Any]], dpi: fl
                     tick_props["markersize"] * dpi
                 ) / 72  # also marker edge width, but vega doesn't have an equivalent for that.
 
-                vmin, vmax = axis_props["view_interval"]
+                vmin, vmax = np.sort(axis_props["view_interval"])
                 tick_str_values = [
                     ticklabel.get_text()
                     for ticklabel in axis_props["ticklabels"]

From 0aaf5a8e6f41a1356c12795e7ea65d383d571d46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Mon, 14 Apr 2025 09:57:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 31/56] correct colorbar outline

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
index 8bc27759..55dc35f3 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ def create_colorbar_legend(
             common_props = _extract_legend_label_properties(labels, fig.dpi)
             spine_outline = cbar.outline.properties()  # outline of the colorbar lining
 
-            stroke_color = mcolors.to_hex(spine_outline["facecolor"]) if spine_outline["facecolor"][-1] > 0 else None
+            stroke_color = mcolors.to_hex(spine_outline["edgecolor"]) if spine_outline["edgecolor"][-1] > 0 else None
             legend_title_object = _create_legend_title_config(cbar.ax.title, fig.dpi)
             # TODO: do we require padding? it is not obvious to get from matplotlib
             legend_object = {

From 2eb7bdc1911b972c8adcb2f51ffef4a99b80f24f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Mon, 14 Apr 2025 14:54:28 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 32/56] correct colorbar thickness

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py | 36 +++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 32 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
index 55dc35f3..3e9e0614 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 from matplotlib.axes import Axes
 from matplotlib.figure import Figure
 from matplotlib.text import Text
+from matplotlib.transforms import Bbox
 
 from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.misc import enforce_common_decimal_format
 from spatialdata_plot.pl.utils import to_hex_alpha
@@ -102,6 +103,30 @@ def create_categorical_legend(fig: Figure, color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any
     return legend_array
 
 
+def _get_gradient_thickness(orientation: str, fig: Figure, cbar_bbox: Bbox) -> float:
+    """
+    Get the thickness of the colorbar in pixel units.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    orientation: str
+        The orientation of the colorbar, either `vertical` or `horizontal`.
+    fig: Figure
+        The matplotlib figure.
+    cbar_bbox: Bbox
+        The bounding box of the colorbar.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    float
+        The thickness of the colorbar in pixel units.
+    """
+    if orientation == "vertical":
+        return float(cbar_bbox.width * fig.bbox.width)
+
+    return float(cbar_bbox.height * fig.bbox.height)
+
+
 def create_colorbar_legend(
     fig: Figure, color_scale_array: list[dict[str, Any]], legend_count: int
 ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
@@ -132,11 +157,12 @@ def create_colorbar_legend(
             cbar = cbars[legend_count]
 
             axis_props = cbar.ax.properties()
+            cbar_bbox = cbar.ax.get_position()
             if cbar.orientation == "vertical":
-                gradient_length = cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[-1] * fig.get_figheight() * fig.dpi
+                gradient_length = cbar_bbox.height * fig.bbox.height
                 labels = axis_props["yticklabels"]
             else:
-                gradient_length = cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[-2] * fig.get_figwidth() * fig.dpi
+                gradient_length = cbar_bbox.width * fig.bbox.width
                 labels = axis_props["xticklabels"]
             if col_config["type"] == "linear":
                 legend_type = "gradient"
@@ -146,7 +172,9 @@ def create_colorbar_legend(
 
             stroke_color = mcolors.to_hex(spine_outline["edgecolor"]) if spine_outline["edgecolor"][-1] > 0 else None
             legend_title_object = _create_legend_title_config(cbar.ax.title, fig.dpi)
-            # TODO: do we require padding? it is not obvious to get from matplotlib
+
+            gradient_thickness = _get_gradient_thickness(cbar.orientation, fig, cbar_bbox)
+            # We do not deal with padding as matplotlib does not seem to allow a colorbar in a rectangular bounding box.
             legend_object = {
                 "type": legend_type,
                 "direction": cbar.orientation,
@@ -155,7 +183,7 @@ def create_colorbar_legend(
                 "fillColor": mcolors.to_hex(cbar.ax.get_facecolor()),
                 "gradientLength": gradient_length,  # alpha if alpha := getattr(cbar.cmap, "_lut", None)[0][-1] else
                 "gradientOpacity": cbar.mappable.get_alpha(),
-                "gradientThickness": (cbar.ax.get_position().bounds[2] * fig.dpi) / 72,
+                "gradientThickness": gradient_thickness,
                 "gradientStrokeColor": stroke_color,
                 "gradientStrokeWidth": (spine_outline["linewidth"] * fig.dpi) / 72 if stroke_color else None,
                 "values": enforce_common_decimal_format(list(cbar.ax.get_yticks())),

From 8ca05e83cab2e5ed088dbfdd731de892a99ca6b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Mon, 14 Apr 2025 23:04:58 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 33/56] fix plot image 2 channels

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py | 12 +++++++++---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py          |  2 ++
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
index 0ed7dcb5..0cddaf12 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
@@ -151,6 +151,12 @@ def _process_colormap(cmap: CmapParams) -> dict[str, Any]:
         if cmap.name in {"from_list", "custom_colormap"}:
             # TODO: Handle custom colormap logic
             return {}
+        if cmap.name.startswith("#"):
+            color = mcolors.to_hex(cmap.name)
+            for name, hex_val in mcolors.CSS4_COLORS.items():
+                if color.lower() == hex_val.lower():
+                    cmap.name = name
+
         return {"scheme": cmap.name, "count": cmap.N}
     return {}
 
@@ -230,12 +236,12 @@ def create_colorscale_array_image(
     -------
     A color scale array containing vega-like color scale objects pertaining to a SpatialData image element.
     """
+    color_scale_array = []
     cmaps = [param.cmap for param in cmap_params] if isinstance(cmap_params, list) else [cmap_params.cmap]
     cmaps = cmaps[0] if isinstance(cmaps[0], list) else cmaps
 
-    color_scale_array = []
     for index, cmap in enumerate(cmaps):
-        type_scale = "linear"
+
         color_range = _process_colormap(cmap)
 
         if isinstance(field, int | list):
@@ -243,7 +249,7 @@ def create_colorscale_array_image(
         field = field or "value"
 
         color_scale_array.append(
-            _generate_color_scale_object(f"color_{uuid4()}", type_scale, {"data": data_id, "field": field}, color_range)
+            _generate_color_scale_object(f"color_{uuid4()}", "linear", {"data": data_id, "field": field}, color_range)
         )
 
     return color_scale_array
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
index 6e087b19..684e00ef 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
@@ -895,6 +895,8 @@ def _render_images(
                 seed_colors = _get_colors_for_categorical_obs(list(range(n_channels)))
 
             channel_cmaps = [_get_linear_colormap([c], "k")[0] for c in seed_colors]
+            sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_images"].cmap_params.cmap = channel_cmaps
+
             colored = np.stack([channel_cmaps[ind](layers[ch]) for ind, ch in enumerate(channels)], 0).sum(0)
             colored = colored[:, :, :3]
 

From 4f531e969df79d849c1e1e4225e92328d23263bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2025 14:47:02 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 34/56] fix 2 image channels colorscale

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py | 10 ++++++----
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
index 0cddaf12..b7e164c4 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
@@ -243,13 +243,15 @@ def create_colorscale_array_image(
     for index, cmap in enumerate(cmaps):
 
         color_range = _process_colormap(cmap)
-
+        field_val = field
         if isinstance(field, int | list):
-            field = f"channel_{index}"
-        field = field or "value"
+            field_val = f"channel_{index}"
+        field_val = field_val or "value"
 
         color_scale_array.append(
-            _generate_color_scale_object(f"color_{uuid4()}", "linear", {"data": data_id, "field": field}, color_range)
+            _generate_color_scale_object(
+                f"color_{uuid4()}", "linear", {"data": data_id, "field": field_val}, color_range
+            )
         )
 
     return color_scale_array

From 1e24f4f6702cedaa8ff0eb3ecdd711c24d98459e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2025 15:04:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 35/56] add todo

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
index 3e9e0614..fcdc95da 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@ def create_colorbar_legend(
                 "gradientThickness": gradient_thickness,
                 "gradientStrokeColor": stroke_color,
                 "gradientStrokeWidth": (spine_outline["linewidth"] * fig.dpi) / 72 if stroke_color else None,
+                # TODO: check why values can be different for example in Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_True
                 "values": enforce_common_decimal_format(list(cbar.ax.get_yticks())),
                 **common_props,
                 "legendX": cbar.ax.get_tightbbox().bounds[0],

From 5840df016587d5063989de5f0ccb1b85f9f51de3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2025 15:50:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 36/56] use proper data for image

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py | 7 ++++++-
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py  | 6 +++++-
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py
index ef4da779..95480491 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py
@@ -145,7 +145,12 @@ def _create_scales_legends_marks(
 
     match params:
         case ImageRenderParams():
-            color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_image(params.cmap_params, data_object["name"], params.channel)
+            data_id = (
+                data_object["name"]
+                if data_object["transform"][-1]["type"] != "formula"
+                else data_object["transform"][-1]["as"]
+            )
+            color_scale_array = create_colorscale_array_image(params.cmap_params, data_id, params.channel)
             legend_array = create_colorbar_legend(fig, color_scale_array, legend_count)
             marks_object = create_raster_image_marks_object(ax, params, data_object, call_count, color_scale_array)
         case LabelsRenderParams() | PointsRenderParams() | ShapesRenderParams():
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py
index deb014cd..e204722a 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py
@@ -127,9 +127,13 @@ def create_raster_image_marks_object(
         if len(color_scale_array) == 1
         else [{"scale": cs["name"], "field": f"channel_{i}"} for i, cs in enumerate(color_scale_array)]
     )
+
+    data_id = (
+        data_object["name"] if data_object["transform"][-1]["type"] != "formula" else data_object["transform"][-1]["as"]
+    )
     return {
         "type": "raster_image",
-        "from": {"data": data_object["name"]},
+        "from": {"data": data_id},
         "zindex": ax.properties()["images"][call_count].zorder,
         "encode": {"enter": {"opacity": {"value": params.alpha}, "fill": fill_color}},
     }

From 2ae8e97e82baaae9a7599422640bb0b0a79fe81d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2025 16:57:15 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 37/56] add initial image configs

---
 .../Images_can_do_rasterization.json          | 163 ++++++++
 .../Images_can_pass_cmap.json                 | 167 ++++++++
 .../Images_can_pass_cmap_list.json            | 199 ++++++++++
 .../Images_can_pass_cmap_to_each_channel.json | 195 ++++++++++
 ...mages_can_pass_cmap_to_single_channel.json | 187 +++++++++
 ...Images_can_pass_color_to_each_channel.json | 195 ++++++++++
 ...ages_can_pass_color_to_single_channel.json | 187 +++++++++
 .../Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_False.json | 192 ++++++++++
 .../Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_True.json  | 192 ++++++++++
 ...an_pass_normalize_clip_true_list_cmap.json | 200 ++++++++++
 .../Images_can_pass_str_cmap.json             | 167 ++++++++
 .../Images_can_pass_str_cmap_list.json        | 199 ++++++++++
 ...an_render_a_single_channel_from_image.json | 192 ++++++++++
 ..._single_channel_from_multiscale_image.json | 192 ++++++++++
 ...ender_a_single_channel_str_from_image.json | 192 ++++++++++
 ...gle_channel_str_from_multiscale_image.json | 192 ++++++++++
 ...ender_given_scale_of_multiscale_image.json | 163 ++++++++
 .../Images_can_render_image.json              | 167 ++++++++
 .../Images_can_render_multiscale_image.json   | 163 ++++++++
 ...der_multiscale_image_with_custom_cmap.json | 187 +++++++++
 ...es_can_render_two_channels_from_image.json | 179 +++++++++
 ...er_two_channels_from_multiscale_image.json | 179 +++++++++
 ...an_render_two_channels_str_from_image.json | 179 +++++++++
 ...wo_channels_str_from_multiscale_image.json | 179 +++++++++
 .../Images_can_stack_render_images.json       | 267 +++++++++++++
 .../Images_can_stick_to_zorder.json           | 356 ++++++++++++++++++
 ...an_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json | 163 ++++++++
 27 files changed, 5193 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_do_rasterization.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_list.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_each_channel.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_single_channel.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_each_channel.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_single_channel.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_False.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_True.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_true_list_cmap.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap_list.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_from_image.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_from_multiscale_image.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_str_from_image.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_str_from_multiscale_image.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_image.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_image.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image_with_custom_cmap.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_image.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_multiscale_image.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_image.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_multiscale_image.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stack_render_images.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stick_to_zorder.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json

diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_do_rasterization.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_do_rasterization.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7663a4ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_do_rasterization.json
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "9bd6b355-ac90-41ba-854c-b84908e545d9",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_giant_image_d7ce8720-81d8-41ab-803c-bb032c4fe44a",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "9bd6b355-ac90-41ba-854c-b84908e545d9",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_giant_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 3072.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3072.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_d7ef6d37-eef3-4c71-8b7e-017c2e0659c6",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_giant_image_d7ce8720-81d8-41ab-803c-bb032c4fe44a",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 1000, 2000, 3000],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_giant_image_d7ce8720-81d8-41ab-803c-bb032c4fe44a"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_d7ef6d37-eef3-4c71-8b7e-017c2e0659c6",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "eda03dab-5930-53a7-aeb3-11b5160e141c"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eeaaae87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap.json
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "618ae2df-ce0b-4de2-8599-642e1eb9e5f3",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250415"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_image_4b5db09b-181d-4f95-9bfc-d38ed2f5b3ba",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "618ae2df-ce0b-4de2-8599-642e1eb9e5f3",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_bbdbc56d-9ac8-4a8c-8176-aef96af1c18b",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_4b5db09b-181d-4f95-9bfc-d38ed2f5b3ba",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "seismic",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_4b5db09b-181d-4f95-9bfc-d38ed2f5b3ba"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_bbdbc56d-9ac8-4a8c-8176-aef96af1c18b",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "1a13b428-0012-571b-b56c-43a1552ddbdc"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_list.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_list.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..15c71f1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_list.json
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "6dddd0c6-d18a-4f68-ba2d-cd0544e5d1f9",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250415"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_image_4b2436d5-3d56-4618-b6b3-fdd4b306a344",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "6dddd0c6-d18a-4f68-ba2d-cd0544e5d1f9",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_68df9a72-7768-47d6-b15b-935d41905b2d",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_4b2436d5-3d56-4618-b6b3-fdd4b306a344",
+                    "field": "channel_0"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "seismic",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_32fce90e-82bf-4408-a94f-1647827a9aa0",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_4b2436d5-3d56-4618-b6b3-fdd4b306a344",
+                    "field": "channel_1"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "Reds",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_5b397def-2357-4041-8bb2-b3d5249d5a41",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_4b2436d5-3d56-4618-b6b3-fdd4b306a344",
+                    "field": "channel_2"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "Blues",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_4b2436d5-3d56-4618-b6b3-fdd4b306a344"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_68df9a72-7768-47d6-b15b-935d41905b2d",
+                                "field": "channel_0"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_32fce90e-82bf-4408-a94f-1647827a9aa0",
+                                "field": "channel_1"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_5b397def-2357-4041-8bb2-b3d5249d5a41",
+                                "field": "channel_2"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "1937985d-7ef9-5ffc-b33e-e352723d8da2"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_each_channel.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_each_channel.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0a1a0894
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_each_channel.json
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "36456d6a-eeae-4db9-92a2-ccd1e2c64227",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_image_e126f581-b94e-4895-aebb-0a9cc645adfa",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "36456d6a-eeae-4db9-92a2-ccd1e2c64227",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": [0, 1, 2]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_4652ac13-c94d-4696-b713-97571cef968e",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_e126f581-b94e-4895-aebb-0a9cc645adfa",
+                    "field": "channel_0"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "Reds",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_e524a644-7b95-4411-9fb4-976c9185ca32",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_e126f581-b94e-4895-aebb-0a9cc645adfa",
+                    "field": "channel_1"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "Greens",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_960bbc50-cbcf-4a46-809b-f6b1697f5d26",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_e126f581-b94e-4895-aebb-0a9cc645adfa",
+                    "field": "channel_2"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "Blues",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_e126f581-b94e-4895-aebb-0a9cc645adfa"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_4652ac13-c94d-4696-b713-97571cef968e",
+                                "field": "channel_0"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_e524a644-7b95-4411-9fb4-976c9185ca32",
+                                "field": "channel_1"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_960bbc50-cbcf-4a46-809b-f6b1697f5d26",
+                                "field": "channel_2"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "ce6499ea-274b-5531-b90a-90e16c86d1b1"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_single_channel.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_single_channel.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8fba29d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_single_channel.json
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "b25a70aa-4bbd-4817-89ac-5dbce911b4cd",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_image_3e0372ef-727f-4daf-96fc-c14ea58d879e",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "b25a70aa-4bbd-4817-89ac-5dbce911b4cd",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": [1]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
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+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_e0ad0c1f-3c92-469a-af26-0a01abef173e",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_3e0372ef-727f-4daf-96fc-c14ea58d879e",
+                    "field": "channel_0"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "Reds",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_e0ad0c1f-3c92-469a-af26-0a01abef173e",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
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+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
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+                "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000ff",
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_3e0372ef-727f-4daf-96fc-c14ea58d879e"
+                },
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+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
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+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_e0ad0c1f-3c92-469a-af26-0a01abef173e",
+                                "value": "value"
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_each_channel.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_each_channel.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f9c269ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_each_channel.json
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "e729b6b6-1ac2-4ffa-847e-94c1d49da4a4",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_image_67ec377f-0275-4ec8-b540-04fdd781664b",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "e729b6b6-1ac2-4ffa-847e-94c1d49da4a4",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": [0, 1, 2]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_6d5bc409-2e50-4db9-8d6f-872d49d9ef2a",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_67ec377f-0275-4ec8-b540-04fdd781664b",
+                    "field": "channel_0"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "red",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_5e3a6658-184c-42d0-a2d8-ec0cfe6c4c75",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_67ec377f-0275-4ec8-b540-04fdd781664b",
+                    "field": "channel_1"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "green",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_2095cdcc-fad2-45b4-a8ec-1afb1c9166d8",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_67ec377f-0275-4ec8-b540-04fdd781664b",
+                    "field": "channel_2"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "blue",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_67ec377f-0275-4ec8-b540-04fdd781664b"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_6d5bc409-2e50-4db9-8d6f-872d49d9ef2a",
+                                "field": "channel_0"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_5e3a6658-184c-42d0-a2d8-ec0cfe6c4c75",
+                                "field": "channel_1"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_2095cdcc-fad2-45b4-a8ec-1afb1c9166d8",
+                                "field": "channel_2"
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+                    }
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+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "cb62bec9-e263-571d-8908-b7ae9f621adc"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_single_channel.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_single_channel.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5cc52056
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_single_channel.json
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
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+                "name": "01c9217b-4dd8-437d-a4d2-a6a73502a559",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_image_b3cb7e84-4cf0-4d63-b25b-96b80f2deb78",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "01c9217b-4dd8-437d-a4d2-a6a73502a559",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": [1]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_639af7c7-3c89-4968-867a-52b2ff15d0e7",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_b3cb7e84-4cf0-4d63-b25b-96b80f2deb78",
+                    "field": "channel_0"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "red",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+        "legend": [
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+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_639af7c7-3c89-4968-867a-52b2ff15d0e7",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 12.16000000000001,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000ff",
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 269.76,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
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+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_b3cb7e84-4cf0-4d63-b25b-96b80f2deb78"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_639af7c7-3c89-4968-867a-52b2ff15d0e7",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
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+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "12b749c0-9136-5baf-8dcf-346cc2c47284"
+        }
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+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_False.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_False.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..52a8368b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_False.json
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
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+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
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+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
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+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": [0]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "(datum.value - 0.1) / (0.5 - 0.1)",
+                        "as": "3e823bd8-6c08-4042-bfc1-30716fb35a84"
+                    }
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+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
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+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_28f10ac2-bdc1-4d5d-b080-8b2fd4378cdc",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
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+                    "field": "channel_0"
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+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
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+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
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+            },
+            {
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+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
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+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelColor": "#000000ff",
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+                            "value": 1.0
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+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_28f10ac2-bdc1-4d5d-b080-8b2fd4378cdc",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_True.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_True.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..688b84f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_True.json
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
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+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
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+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
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+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
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+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
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+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
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+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
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+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 0.1) / (0.5 - 0.1), 0, 1)",
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+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_8405a287-0014-4b92-badb-4e2b035b7f43",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
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+                    "field": "channel_0"
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+                "domain": true,
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+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+        "legend": [
+            {
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+                "direction": "vertical",
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+                "fill": "color_8405a287-0014-4b92-badb-4e2b035b7f43",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
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+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
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+                "values": [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5],
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+                "labelColor": "#000000ff",
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
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+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "208b6b40-828f-4126-b133-e270eee67f1b"
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+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_8405a287-0014-4b92-badb-4e2b035b7f43",
+                                "value": "value"
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+        }
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+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_true_list_cmap.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_true_list_cmap.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1c661ab9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_true_list_cmap.json
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
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+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_image_73967ea3-cf7f-4c37-8f6c-55a13165ae41",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
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+                "source": "47fc311c-de64-4a94-aac5-c961d60d0f9e",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": null
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 0.0) / (0.4 - 0.0), 0, 1)",
+                        "as": "729a827d-f810-4494-9ddd-b98c33eda533"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_1d1cd407-84c8-41d2-b89f-2f136a57de33",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "729a827d-f810-4494-9ddd-b98c33eda533",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
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+            {
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+                    "field": "value"
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+            {
+                "name": "color_380a4cab-221a-48e0-82ba-2bd15ec32ffb",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "729a827d-f810-4494-9ddd-b98c33eda533",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "Blues",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
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+        "axes": [
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+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
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+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+                "from": {
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+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_1d1cd407-84c8-41d2-b89f-2f136a57de33",
+                                "field": "channel_0"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_e213a063-db1f-44f8-b634-df358d017c75",
+                                "field": "channel_1"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_380a4cab-221a-48e0-82ba-2bd15ec32ffb",
+                                "field": "channel_2"
+                            }
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+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "35ed1888-f2b3-5efd-9d78-3207a64499c9"
+        }
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+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..200781f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap.json
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
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+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+                "source": "07970747-8edc-4315-9a7d-6228a4bde18d",
+                "transform": [
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+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_3fe2d8fb-3d3e-48a9-9453-0eeefc82d1cf",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_f2023937-f7cf-4f48-b32b-1cb59f258644",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "seismic",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_f2023937-f7cf-4f48-b32b-1cb59f258644"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_3fe2d8fb-3d3e-48a9-9453-0eeefc82d1cf",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "4abfb043-e957-52d7-a20c-2e44d0f09148"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap_list.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap_list.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fb3546db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap_list.json
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
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+                "name": "d47b5cb4-fea4-44af-84ac-bf5e1d0846e9",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250415"
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+                "name": "blobs_image_f3d3baed-66d9-480f-8fb6-6acfcc5daf9d",
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+                    "version": "0.2"
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+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": null
+                    }
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+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_7faaedbf-ad06-4c14-a8bb-987412bccfdb",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
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+                    "field": "channel_0"
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+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_af611f7e-f600-44ad-b72f-e464558633d6",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_f3d3baed-66d9-480f-8fb6-6acfcc5daf9d",
+                    "field": "channel_1"
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+                    "scheme": "Reds",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_c2ed37e4-a051-4ac5-9591-15d22ab0ca4a",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_f3d3baed-66d9-480f-8fb6-6acfcc5daf9d",
+                    "field": "channel_2"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "Blues",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_f3d3baed-66d9-480f-8fb6-6acfcc5daf9d"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_7faaedbf-ad06-4c14-a8bb-987412bccfdb",
+                                "field": "channel_0"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_af611f7e-f600-44ad-b72f-e464558633d6",
+                                "field": "channel_1"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_c2ed37e4-a051-4ac5-9591-15d22ab0ca4a",
+                                "field": "channel_2"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "d774872a-6947-570c-9566-80f668ab0cb9"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_from_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_from_image.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b036a600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_from_image.json
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "56f04217-b689-4274-b500-dec7befb106f",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250415"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_image_ad47c090-252a-4f3c-b58a-1e254a77d795",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "56f04217-b689-4274-b500-dec7befb106f",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": [0]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_952f733c-56fb-4144-b086-ad7896b637b8",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_ad47c090-252a-4f3c-b58a-1e254a77d795",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_952f733c-56fb-4144-b086-ad7896b637b8",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 12.16000000000001,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 269.76,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_ad47c090-252a-4f3c-b58a-1e254a77d795"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_952f733c-56fb-4144-b086-ad7896b637b8",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "08ff015c-efa0-5c98-8aa4-20aee18dfc48"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_from_multiscale_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_from_multiscale_image.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..72c25b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_from_multiscale_image.json
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "4111627c-32ef-4490-8fdf-a6db626fc25c",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250415"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_5fb765e6-aef3-413c-b3e7-339fb6220260",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "4111627c-32ef-4490-8fdf-a6db626fc25c",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multiscale_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": [0]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_45a5c423-6a0f-4775-9615-c0d8665eded8",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_5fb765e6-aef3-413c-b3e7-339fb6220260",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_45a5c423-6a0f-4775-9615-c0d8665eded8",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 12.16000000000001,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 269.76,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_5fb765e6-aef3-413c-b3e7-339fb6220260"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_45a5c423-6a0f-4775-9615-c0d8665eded8",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "b5af35e4-2361-557d-a263-4c538a77447f"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_str_from_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_str_from_image.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..673393f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_str_from_image.json
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "580417c8-67c0-4c50-9780-d3ec398a7c26",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250415"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_image_6fe528cc-687c-460f-a9ac-cfb7fa3ccf5f",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "580417c8-67c0-4c50-9780-d3ec398a7c26",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": ["c1"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_c6083c03-ba40-4f9c-bb82-b65e988612b7",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_6fe528cc-687c-460f-a9ac-cfb7fa3ccf5f",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_c6083c03-ba40-4f9c-bb82-b65e988612b7",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 12.16000000000001,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 269.76,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_6fe528cc-687c-460f-a9ac-cfb7fa3ccf5f"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_c6083c03-ba40-4f9c-bb82-b65e988612b7",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "42157cf8-172c-5e67-85b5-66b15e34a28e"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_str_from_multiscale_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_str_from_multiscale_image.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56a806cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_str_from_multiscale_image.json
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "90247fcc-e145-4dbd-b8f3-4eb9441939a6",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250415"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_bbf7976f-d89c-4101-9732-565128c50627",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "90247fcc-e145-4dbd-b8f3-4eb9441939a6",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multiscale_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": ["c1"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_21c6fe86-5eb2-4875-bea4-0102c1a8fe6b",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_bbf7976f-d89c-4101-9732-565128c50627",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_21c6fe86-5eb2-4875-bea4-0102c1a8fe6b",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 12.16000000000001,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 269.76,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_bbf7976f-d89c-4101-9732-565128c50627"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_21c6fe86-5eb2-4875-bea4-0102c1a8fe6b",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "c2f924ac-65f6-5229-a7d9-e56fdbdf4f8d"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_image.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0db157b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_image.json
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "69429c26-a200-4eb4-bb8d-d704011fdc61",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_f07e31c4-d497-4aac-8e84-df0746bbcaa1",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "69429c26-a200-4eb4-bb8d-d704011fdc61",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multiscale_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "scale2"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_e6325245-bce4-4b5b-baf9-a1f98d405d69",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_f07e31c4-d497-4aac-8e84-df0746bbcaa1",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_f07e31c4-d497-4aac-8e84-df0746bbcaa1"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_e6325245-bce4-4b5b-baf9-a1f98d405d69",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "9ba209ef-014b-5806-80ab-65ca0f888be7"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_image.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a25cdd12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_image.json
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "c1e9dc90-4b40-4773-a20d-e5e0b5cd7785",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250324"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_image_177f9ae8-9150-47d6-ba81-c5c624fdbd2a",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "c1e9dc90-4b40-4773-a20d-e5e0b5cd7785",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_5762c824-6494-4bd6-be18-315bd971fa3b",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_177f9ae8-9150-47d6-ba81-c5c624fdbd2a",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_177f9ae8-9150-47d6-ba81-c5c624fdbd2a"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_5762c824-6494-4bd6-be18-315bd971fa3b",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "0bfb55b4-ef99-5eaf-bdf8-d0e42d531ff5"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..95bb98b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image.json
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "56349b13-6e07-43a1-9afe-f4a2b18eefb4",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_29661d8b-d49a-4534-8887-c6ce89bf948c",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "56349b13-6e07-43a1-9afe-f4a2b18eefb4",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multiscale_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_c602bd42-be58-4bc2-8db0-0f8bc310d2f2",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_29661d8b-d49a-4534-8887-c6ce89bf948c",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_29661d8b-d49a-4534-8887-c6ce89bf948c"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_c602bd42-be58-4bc2-8db0-0f8bc310d2f2",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "d37a2592-d43a-54ec-8d5d-534ce4dd1620"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image_with_custom_cmap.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image_with_custom_cmap.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3c3cd23d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image_with_custom_cmap.json
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_image.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c65e1284
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_image.json
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+[
+    {
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+                                "field": "channel_0"
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_multiscale_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_multiscale_image.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b38716b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_multiscale_image.json
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+[
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+                                "field": "channel_0"
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_image.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..570e2099
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_image.json
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+[
+    {
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+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_c1b2dcc2-1220-4be9-99fe-21ad9ac3efe8"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_37849dc4-7a97-4b4e-95a3-a6564b930652",
+                                "field": "channel_0"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_7ccc915c-c713-403a-b2a5-7e1cabe499d1",
+                                "field": "channel_1"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "349318be-8354-50b4-8875-f394ab309ed8"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_multiscale_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_multiscale_image.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8aaa9409
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_multiscale_image.json
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "19462dc6-bbde-41e2-92b9-b102f6a65f73",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_1b37bcd3-5d72-483b-aa6b-c3e447b5cec5",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "19462dc6-bbde-41e2-92b9-b102f6a65f73",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multiscale_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": ["c1", "c2"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_d06afb51-4249-41e8-acb5-d5f8322e9b25",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_1b37bcd3-5d72-483b-aa6b-c3e447b5cec5",
+                    "field": "channel_0"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "red",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_4ae6af24-fa9c-4afe-a74d-3205fa53e67c",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_1b37bcd3-5d72-483b-aa6b-c3e447b5cec5",
+                    "field": "channel_1"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "lime",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_1b37bcd3-5d72-483b-aa6b-c3e447b5cec5"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_d06afb51-4249-41e8-acb5-d5f8322e9b25",
+                                "field": "channel_0"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_4ae6af24-fa9c-4afe-a74d-3205fa53e67c",
+                                "field": "channel_1"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "6b3277dc-a049-584a-9a8c-efd99d4ef172"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stack_render_images.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stack_render_images.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0a0c7fde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stack_render_images.json
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1acc23e-cc47-493b-b308-4e4ab2e17002",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_image_cae83642-8855-446a-bd01-6452c2914b76",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "f1acc23e-cc47-493b-b308-4e4ab2e17002",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": [0]
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_image_815aba87-74c9-4875-925d-e124cee4e4cf",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "f1acc23e-cc47-493b-b308-4e4ab2e17002",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": [1]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_3def14ba-8ef1-4ff5-88f9-6cc86a43d08b",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_cae83642-8855-446a-bd01-6452c2914b76",
+                    "field": "channel_0"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "red",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_815dbcad-1207-48cb-94eb-e37535f185e3",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_815aba87-74c9-4875-925d-e124cee4e4cf",
+                    "field": "channel_0"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "blue",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_3def14ba-8ef1-4ff5-88f9-6cc86a43d08b",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 12.16000000000001,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000ff",
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 269.76,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
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+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
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+                "fill": "color_815dbcad-1207-48cb-94eb-e37535f185e3",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
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+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000ff",
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_cae83642-8855-446a-bd01-6452c2914b76"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 0.5
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_3def14ba-8ef1-4ff5-88f9-6cc86a43d08b",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_815aba87-74c9-4875-925d-e124cee4e4cf"
+                },
+                "zindex": 1,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 0.5
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_815dbcad-1207-48cb-94eb-e37535f185e3",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "1ecea0a6-fa57-51f3-9204-61acfc923a34"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stick_to_zorder.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stick_to_zorder.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..212c315d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stick_to_zorder.json
@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
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+                "format": {
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_2011a6f9-bbcf-4613-8d36-e32a56b7d80e",
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+                },
+                "source": "f78b3d63-78ad-4fa4-b2b4-5b90deacdbf8",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_d3b7570c-468f-44f7-b2fb-9db2a24fef91",
+                "format": {
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+                    "version": "0.2"
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+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multipolygons_bfc9adb0-62b9-40f4-ae27-602a1621912f",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "f78b3d63-78ad-4fa4-b2b4-5b90deacdbf8",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_image_6b94ea67-7021-4163-a614-13b7d85d7cca",
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+                    "version": "0.2"
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+                "source": "f78b3d63-78ad-4fa4-b2b4-5b90deacdbf8",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
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+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_8d40fd50-d385-4c1a-94af-5d9c78815dd5",
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+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multiscale_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
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+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_360709a7-9663-447a-9968-5491a884ba95",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_6b94ea67-7021-4163-a614-13b7d85d7cca",
+                    "field": "value"
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+                "range": {
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+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_28b7bed3-0a23-4705-af69-de2fec0da0d5",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_8d40fd50-d385-4c1a-94af-5d9c78815dd5",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
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+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
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+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
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+            },
+            {
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+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
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+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
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+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_2011a6f9-bbcf-4613-8d36-e32a56b7d80e"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_d3b7570c-468f-44f7-b2fb-9db2a24fef91"
+                },
+                "zindex": 1,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multipolygons_bfc9adb0-62b9-40f4-ae27-602a1621912f"
+                },
+                "zindex": 2,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_image_6b94ea67-7021-4163-a614-13b7d85d7cca"
+                },
+                "zindex": 3,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_360709a7-9663-447a-9968-5491a884ba95",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_8d40fd50-d385-4c1a-94af-5d9c78815dd5"
+                },
+                "zindex": 4,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_28b7bed3-0a23-4705-af69-de2fec0da0d5",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "bce72096-f040-509b-903f-7953efa752d3"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f328695c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "0f4350cf-6ca8-43d9-9d29-434120f241d6",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_giant_image_6d203839-9086-4229-a7ee-095778bf964f",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "0f4350cf-6ca8-43d9-9d29-434120f241d6",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_giant_image"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_channel",
+                        "expr": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 3072.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3072.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_91959b6a-a022-4bc7-8807-e0ae7cd6b2fe",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_giant_image_6d203839-9086-4229-a7ee-095778bf964f",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 1000, 2000, 3000],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_image",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_giant_image_6d203839-9086-4229-a7ee-095778bf964f"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "opacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_91959b6a-a022-4bc7-8807-e0ae7cd6b2fe",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "15c97a74-f0df-55df-932b-188eb819eca7"
+        }
+    }
+]

From 2bc29eb351d4083f5b7c3a4e3f4131666cab4c75 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sun, 27 Apr 2025 14:03:48 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 38/56] corrext axis

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
index 71650642..0d6ccf5f 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 from matplotlib.axes import Axes
 
 from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.misc import parse_numbers_with_exact_format
-from spatialdata_plot.pl.utils import to_hex_alpha
 
 
 def create_axis_block(ax: Axes, axis_scales_block: list[dict[str, Any]], dpi: float) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
@@ -33,8 +32,10 @@ def create_axis_block(ax: Axes, axis_scales_block: list[dict[str, Any]], dpi: fl
             axis_config["gridOpacity"] = axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["alpha"]
             axis_config["gridCap"] = axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["dash_capstyle"]
             grid_color = float(axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["markeredgecolor"])
-            axis_config["gridColor"] = to_hex_alpha([grid_color] * 3)
+            axis_config["gridColor"] = mcolors.to_hex([grid_color] * 3)
             axis_config["gridWidth"] = (axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["markeredgewidth"] * dpi) / 72
+        axis_config["labelColor"] = mcolors.to_hex(axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_color())
+        axis_config["labelOpacity"] = 1 if not (alpha := axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_alpha()) else alpha
         axis_config["labelFont"] = axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_fontname()
         axis_config["labelFontSize"] = (axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_size() * dpi) / 72
         axis_config["labelFontStyle"] = axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_fontstyle()

From fbaeb2d6aeff2d5b3b5bcb34a16a5b6180022708 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sun, 27 Apr 2025 14:06:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 39/56] ignore actual viewconfigs

---
 .gitignore | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 580789d6..4844d84f 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ format.sh
 
 # test
 tests/figures/
+tests/figures_viewconfig
 
 # jupyter checkpoints
 .ipynb_checkpoints

From 58a289867070bdd538027baf37fd55d769f48412 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sun, 27 Apr 2025 17:25:15 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 40/56] add comparison test viewconfigs

---
 tests/conftest.py | 55 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 55 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index e5290163..a0f0b475 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import json
+import re
 import warnings
 from abc import ABC, ABCMeta
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from functools import wraps
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 import matplotlib
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
@@ -37,6 +39,7 @@
 EXPECTED = HERE / "_images"
 ACTUAL = HERE / "figures"
 VIEWCONFIG_ACTUAL = HERE / "figures_viewconfig"
+VIEWCONFIG_EXPECTED = HERE / "_figures_viewconfig"
 TOL = 15
 DPI = 80
 
@@ -391,6 +394,57 @@ def _get_table(
     return table
 
 
+UUID_REGEX = re.compile(r"[0-9a-fA-F]{8}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}")
+
+
+def is_uuid_string(s: str) -> bool:
+    return bool(UUID_REGEX.search(s))
+
+
+def compare_json_ignore_uuids(a: Any, b: Any, path="root", errors=None) -> bool:
+    if errors is None:
+        errors = []
+    if isinstance(a, dict) and isinstance(b, dict):
+        if set(a.keys()) != set(b.keys()):
+            errors.append(f"Key mismatch at {path} actual vs expected: {set(a.keys())} != {set(b.keys())}")
+        for k in a:
+            next_path = f"{path}.{k}"
+            if isinstance(a[k], str) and is_uuid_string(a[k]):
+                continue
+            if k == "version":
+                continue
+            compare_json_ignore_uuids(a[k], b[k], path=next_path, errors=errors)
+
+        return True
+
+    if isinstance(a, list) and isinstance(b, list):
+        if len(a) != len(b):
+            errors.append(f"List length mismatch at {path} actual vs expected: {len(a)} != {len(b)}")
+        for i, (ai, bi) in enumerate(zip(a, b, strict=True)):
+            next_path = f"{path}[{i}]"
+            compare_json_ignore_uuids(ai, bi, path=next_path, errors=errors)
+
+    else:
+        if isinstance(a, str) and is_uuid_string(a):
+            return True  # ignore UUID strings
+        if a != b:
+            errors.append(f"Value mismatch at {path} actual vs expected: {a!r} != {b!r}")
+
+    if path == "root" and errors:
+        error_message = "\n".join(errors)
+        raise AssertionError(f"JSONs do not match:\n{error_message}")
+
+    return not errors
+
+
+def test_viewconfig_output(actual_json_path, expected_json_path):
+    with actual_json_path.open() as f:
+        actual_json = json.load(f)
+    with expected_json_path.open() as f:
+        expected_json = json.load(f)
+    assert compare_json_ignore_uuids(actual_json, expected_json)
+
+
 class PlotTesterMeta(ABCMeta):
     def __new__(cls, clsname, superclasses, attributedict):
         for key, value in attributedict.items():
@@ -420,6 +474,7 @@ def compare(cls, basename: str, tolerance: float | None = None):
             # see https://github.com/scverse/squidpy/pull/302
             tolerance = 2 * TOL if "Napari" in basename else TOL
 
+        test_viewconfig_output(VIEWCONFIG_ACTUAL / f"{basename}.json", VIEWCONFIG_EXPECTED / f"{basename}.json")
         res = compare_images(str(EXPECTED / f"{basename}.png"), str(out_path), tolerance)
 
         assert res is None, res

From d1bbcdeaef9b038bf215fce0d84aa6208db6d7fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 2025 13:38:48 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 41/56] correct scales when passing on list of cmap str

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
index b7e164c4..5742c48c 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
@@ -244,8 +244,9 @@ def create_colorscale_array_image(
 
         color_range = _process_colormap(cmap)
         field_val = field
-        if isinstance(field, int | list):
+        if isinstance(field, int | list) or (field is None and len(cmaps) != 1):
             field_val = f"channel_{index}"
+
         field_val = field_val or "value"
 
         color_scale_array.append(

From 5a7908c881aeb77d403d3208d103edf184312bad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:55:13 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 42/56] fix comparison image viewconfigs

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py | 3 ++-
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
index fcdc95da..2bcc3a5b 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/legend.py
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ def _extract_legend_label_properties(label_texts: list[Text], dpi: float) -> dic
 
     return {
         "labelAlign": text_props["horizontalalignment"],
-        "labelColor": to_hex_alpha(text_props["color"]),
+        "labelColor": mcolors.to_hex(text_props["color"]),
+        "labelOpacity": 1 if text_props["alpha"] is None else text_props["alpha"],
         "labelFont": text_props["fontname"],
         "labelFontSize": (text_props["fontsize"] * dpi) / 72,
         "labelFontStyle": text_props["fontstyle"],
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
index 5742c48c..90322049 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
@@ -246,6 +246,8 @@ def create_colorscale_array_image(
         field_val = field
         if isinstance(field, int | list) or (field is None and len(cmaps) != 1):
             field_val = f"channel_{index}"
+        if isinstance(field, list) and len(field) == 1:
+            field_val = "value"
 
         field_val = field_val or "value"
 

From cd9596379d2cd0badf5d65732a3ba92cb544f7b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 2025 21:18:18 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 43/56] last fix image viewconfigs

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py      |  2 +
 .../Images_can_do_rasterization.json          | 24 +++++----
 .../Images_can_pass_cmap_to_each_channel.json | 36 +++++++------
 ...mages_can_pass_cmap_to_single_channel.json | 31 ++++++-----
 ...Images_can_pass_color_to_each_channel.json | 36 +++++++------
 ...ages_can_pass_color_to_single_channel.json | 31 ++++++-----
 .../Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_False.json | 33 +++++++-----
 .../Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_True.json  | 33 +++++++-----
 ...an_pass_normalize_clip_true_list_cmap.json | 44 ++++++++-------
 ...ender_given_scale_of_multiscale_image.json | 24 +++++----
 .../Images_can_render_multiscale_image.json   | 24 +++++----
 ...der_multiscale_image_with_custom_cmap.json | 31 ++++++-----
 ...es_can_render_two_channels_from_image.json | 30 ++++++-----
 ...er_two_channels_from_multiscale_image.json | 30 ++++++-----
 ...an_render_two_channels_str_from_image.json | 30 ++++++-----
 ...wo_channels_str_from_multiscale_image.json | 30 ++++++-----
 .../Images_can_stack_render_images.json       | 50 +++++++++--------
 .../Images_can_stick_to_zorder.json           | 54 ++++++++++---------
 ...an_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json | 24 +++++----
 19 files changed, 339 insertions(+), 258 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
index 0d6ccf5f..5a135f35 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
@@ -33,8 +33,10 @@ def create_axis_block(ax: Axes, axis_scales_block: list[dict[str, Any]], dpi: fl
             axis_config["gridCap"] = axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["dash_capstyle"]
             grid_color = float(axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["markeredgecolor"])
             axis_config["gridColor"] = mcolors.to_hex([grid_color] * 3)
+            axis_config["gridOpacity"] = axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["alpha"]
             axis_config["gridWidth"] = (axis_props["gridlines"][0].properties()["markeredgewidth"] * dpi) / 72
         axis_config["labelColor"] = mcolors.to_hex(axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_color())
+
         axis_config["labelOpacity"] = 1 if not (alpha := axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_alpha()) else alpha
         axis_config["labelFont"] = axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_fontname()
         axis_config["labelFontSize"] = (axis_props["majorticklabels"][0].get_size() * dpi) / 72
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_do_rasterization.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_do_rasterization.json
index 7663a4ac..bf3df851 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_do_rasterization.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_do_rasterization.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "9bd6b355-ac90-41ba-854c-b84908e545d9",
+                "name": "c1ad6e92-bdb2-4bb4-bd65-caf36ff21609",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_giant_image_d7ce8720-81d8-41ab-803c-bb032c4fe44a",
+                "name": "blobs_giant_image_3d54d789-b359-4cdc-b0f9-6b61bcf55472",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "9bd6b355-ac90-41ba-854c-b84908e545d9",
+                "source": "c1ad6e92-bdb2-4bb4-bd65-caf36ff21609",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_d7ef6d37-eef3-4c71-8b7e-017c2e0659c6",
+                "name": "color_6d9c9f78-afec-41c8-859b-c862bdf16bf8",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_giant_image_d7ce8720-81d8-41ab-803c-bb032c4fe44a",
+                    "data": "blobs_giant_image_3d54d789-b359-4cdc-b0f9-6b61bcf55472",
                     "field": "value"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -93,8 +93,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -118,8 +120,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -138,7 +142,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_giant_image_d7ce8720-81d8-41ab-803c-bb032c4fe44a"
+                    "data": "blobs_giant_image_3d54d789-b359-4cdc-b0f9-6b61bcf55472"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -148,7 +152,7 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_d7ef6d37-eef3-4c71-8b7e-017c2e0659c6",
+                                "scale": "color_6d9c9f78-afec-41c8-859b-c862bdf16bf8",
                                 "value": "value"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -157,7 +161,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "eda03dab-5930-53a7-aeb3-11b5160e141c"
+            "axis_uuid": "e228fd3a-5d97-5b42-932a-14df5ad2275b"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_each_channel.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_each_channel.json
index 0a1a0894..f3bfb5a1 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_each_channel.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_each_channel.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "36456d6a-eeae-4db9-92a2-ccd1e2c64227",
+                "name": "97d394a9-4c4a-4189-9318-0fecc7b541a8",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_image_e126f581-b94e-4895-aebb-0a9cc645adfa",
+                "name": "blobs_image_06772d4a-ba12-4951-99ef-f3a10771de9a",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "36456d6a-eeae-4db9-92a2-ccd1e2c64227",
+                "source": "97d394a9-4c4a-4189-9318-0fecc7b541a8",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_4652ac13-c94d-4696-b713-97571cef968e",
+                "name": "color_dbd18e2b-50e8-4bca-ac4f-33d26f0f99a1",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_e126f581-b94e-4895-aebb-0a9cc645adfa",
+                    "data": "blobs_image_06772d4a-ba12-4951-99ef-f3a10771de9a",
                     "field": "channel_0"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_e524a644-7b95-4411-9fb4-976c9185ca32",
+                "name": "color_0b6ba62b-3241-463f-b2b1-cbed9271e421",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_e126f581-b94e-4895-aebb-0a9cc645adfa",
+                    "data": "blobs_image_06772d4a-ba12-4951-99ef-f3a10771de9a",
                     "field": "channel_1"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -94,10 +94,10 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_960bbc50-cbcf-4a46-809b-f6b1697f5d26",
+                "name": "color_94b0271e-0e6e-4e16-b6f4-3e9f71661875",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_e126f581-b94e-4895-aebb-0a9cc645adfa",
+                    "data": "blobs_image_06772d4a-ba12-4951-99ef-f3a10771de9a",
                     "field": "channel_2"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -117,8 +117,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -142,8 +144,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -162,7 +166,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_e126f581-b94e-4895-aebb-0a9cc645adfa"
+                    "data": "blobs_image_06772d4a-ba12-4951-99ef-f3a10771de9a"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -172,15 +176,15 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_4652ac13-c94d-4696-b713-97571cef968e",
+                                "scale": "color_dbd18e2b-50e8-4bca-ac4f-33d26f0f99a1",
                                 "field": "channel_0"
                             },
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_e524a644-7b95-4411-9fb4-976c9185ca32",
+                                "scale": "color_0b6ba62b-3241-463f-b2b1-cbed9271e421",
                                 "field": "channel_1"
                             },
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_960bbc50-cbcf-4a46-809b-f6b1697f5d26",
+                                "scale": "color_94b0271e-0e6e-4e16-b6f4-3e9f71661875",
                                 "field": "channel_2"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -189,7 +193,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "ce6499ea-274b-5531-b90a-90e16c86d1b1"
+            "axis_uuid": "f8fdd4b4-7e46-53cd-9e67-f9acbf3b2ebd"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_single_channel.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_single_channel.json
index 8fba29d1..63c7c151 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_single_channel.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_single_channel.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "b25a70aa-4bbd-4817-89ac-5dbce911b4cd",
+                "name": "0e5176f6-5eef-495a-b667-f32d27eaccab",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_image_3e0372ef-727f-4daf-96fc-c14ea58d879e",
+                "name": "blobs_image_e6c332dc-cac7-4f17-8304-fefcf3fc35b2",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "b25a70aa-4bbd-4817-89ac-5dbce911b4cd",
+                "source": "0e5176f6-5eef-495a-b667-f32d27eaccab",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_e0ad0c1f-3c92-469a-af26-0a01abef173e",
+                "name": "color_921b657b-6ea4-4364-bd48-7b0e508c9b60",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_3e0372ef-727f-4daf-96fc-c14ea58d879e",
-                    "field": "channel_0"
+                    "data": "blobs_image_e6c332dc-cac7-4f17-8304-fefcf3fc35b2",
+                    "field": "value"
                 },
                 "range": {
                     "scheme": "Reds",
@@ -93,8 +93,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -118,8 +120,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -139,7 +143,7 @@
                 "type": "gradient",
                 "direction": "vertical",
                 "orient": "none",
-                "fill": "color_e0ad0c1f-3c92-469a-af26-0a01abef173e",
+                "fill": "color_921b657b-6ea4-4364-bd48-7b0e508c9b60",
                 "fillColor": "#ffffff",
                 "gradientLength": 243.2,
                 "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
@@ -148,7 +152,8 @@
                 "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
                 "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
                 "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000ff",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -162,7 +167,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_3e0372ef-727f-4daf-96fc-c14ea58d879e"
+                    "data": "blobs_image_e6c332dc-cac7-4f17-8304-fefcf3fc35b2"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -172,7 +177,7 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_e0ad0c1f-3c92-469a-af26-0a01abef173e",
+                                "scale": "color_921b657b-6ea4-4364-bd48-7b0e508c9b60",
                                 "value": "value"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -181,7 +186,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "3244c99b-3b85-5ef4-8b03-cea271f51c28"
+            "axis_uuid": "e0a1c378-6efe-5c05-b1a7-41fdecfb89f5"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_each_channel.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_each_channel.json
index f9c269ba..186746a2 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_each_channel.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_each_channel.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "e729b6b6-1ac2-4ffa-847e-94c1d49da4a4",
+                "name": "3ef5fc74-d8bf-4ac2-afa7-ff06c5419866",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_image_67ec377f-0275-4ec8-b540-04fdd781664b",
+                "name": "blobs_image_21b60667-3779-4533-a5a2-d08d5d3d85ee",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "e729b6b6-1ac2-4ffa-847e-94c1d49da4a4",
+                "source": "3ef5fc74-d8bf-4ac2-afa7-ff06c5419866",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_6d5bc409-2e50-4db9-8d6f-872d49d9ef2a",
+                "name": "color_624da7f3-22b5-474c-a8be-5e96e7ecfe55",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_67ec377f-0275-4ec8-b540-04fdd781664b",
+                    "data": "blobs_image_21b60667-3779-4533-a5a2-d08d5d3d85ee",
                     "field": "channel_0"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_5e3a6658-184c-42d0-a2d8-ec0cfe6c4c75",
+                "name": "color_51f4f3eb-05aa-424b-958b-70f9b01bad8e",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_67ec377f-0275-4ec8-b540-04fdd781664b",
+                    "data": "blobs_image_21b60667-3779-4533-a5a2-d08d5d3d85ee",
                     "field": "channel_1"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -94,10 +94,10 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_2095cdcc-fad2-45b4-a8ec-1afb1c9166d8",
+                "name": "color_39e05901-104c-42a0-bd8d-af16385852df",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_67ec377f-0275-4ec8-b540-04fdd781664b",
+                    "data": "blobs_image_21b60667-3779-4533-a5a2-d08d5d3d85ee",
                     "field": "channel_2"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -117,8 +117,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -142,8 +144,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -162,7 +166,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_67ec377f-0275-4ec8-b540-04fdd781664b"
+                    "data": "blobs_image_21b60667-3779-4533-a5a2-d08d5d3d85ee"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -172,15 +176,15 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_6d5bc409-2e50-4db9-8d6f-872d49d9ef2a",
+                                "scale": "color_624da7f3-22b5-474c-a8be-5e96e7ecfe55",
                                 "field": "channel_0"
                             },
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_5e3a6658-184c-42d0-a2d8-ec0cfe6c4c75",
+                                "scale": "color_51f4f3eb-05aa-424b-958b-70f9b01bad8e",
                                 "field": "channel_1"
                             },
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_2095cdcc-fad2-45b4-a8ec-1afb1c9166d8",
+                                "scale": "color_39e05901-104c-42a0-bd8d-af16385852df",
                                 "field": "channel_2"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -189,7 +193,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "cb62bec9-e263-571d-8908-b7ae9f621adc"
+            "axis_uuid": "6fd40027-90c5-5ebf-82f6-539e62ff78f6"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_single_channel.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_single_channel.json
index 5cc52056..c574ade0 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_single_channel.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_single_channel.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "01c9217b-4dd8-437d-a4d2-a6a73502a559",
+                "name": "edf683b1-b910-4334-a7c5-b91163e5b92a",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_image_b3cb7e84-4cf0-4d63-b25b-96b80f2deb78",
+                "name": "blobs_image_3d099333-2c05-47ee-a6aa-a9ba6ea0e5af",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "01c9217b-4dd8-437d-a4d2-a6a73502a559",
+                "source": "edf683b1-b910-4334-a7c5-b91163e5b92a",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_639af7c7-3c89-4968-867a-52b2ff15d0e7",
+                "name": "color_16c33042-b157-4b60-b7b6-09c46f27ab9c",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_b3cb7e84-4cf0-4d63-b25b-96b80f2deb78",
-                    "field": "channel_0"
+                    "data": "blobs_image_3d099333-2c05-47ee-a6aa-a9ba6ea0e5af",
+                    "field": "value"
                 },
                 "range": {
                     "scheme": "red",
@@ -93,8 +93,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -118,8 +120,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -139,7 +143,7 @@
                 "type": "gradient",
                 "direction": "vertical",
                 "orient": "none",
-                "fill": "color_639af7c7-3c89-4968-867a-52b2ff15d0e7",
+                "fill": "color_16c33042-b157-4b60-b7b6-09c46f27ab9c",
                 "fillColor": "#ffffff",
                 "gradientLength": 243.2,
                 "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
@@ -148,7 +152,8 @@
                 "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
                 "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
                 "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000ff",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -162,7 +167,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_b3cb7e84-4cf0-4d63-b25b-96b80f2deb78"
+                    "data": "blobs_image_3d099333-2c05-47ee-a6aa-a9ba6ea0e5af"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -172,7 +177,7 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_639af7c7-3c89-4968-867a-52b2ff15d0e7",
+                                "scale": "color_16c33042-b157-4b60-b7b6-09c46f27ab9c",
                                 "value": "value"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -181,7 +186,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "12b749c0-9136-5baf-8dcf-346cc2c47284"
+            "axis_uuid": "b6b7d383-d94d-5a35-8720-95970716d062"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_False.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_False.json
index 52a8368b..ea95e08c 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_False.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_False.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "a6179671-9c61-44ae-a273-cf0de76239fb",
+                "name": "60539284-ba6e-4636-9d35-c6910572947c",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_image_dfc6fde5-c00b-4b61-a6b4-de8166e5c900",
+                "name": "blobs_image_98572d7a-7431-41d7-b9a1-70774003b905",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "a6179671-9c61-44ae-a273-cf0de76239fb",
+                "source": "60539284-ba6e-4636-9d35-c6910572947c",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
                     {
                         "type": "formula",
                         "expr": "(datum.value - 0.1) / (0.5 - 0.1)",
-                        "as": "3e823bd8-6c08-4042-bfc1-30716fb35a84"
+                        "as": "21f2454f-f780-4162-baec-ef4ab4287677"
                     }
                 ]
             }
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_28f10ac2-bdc1-4d5d-b080-8b2fd4378cdc",
+                "name": "color_bdb2b8ed-5cd9-4862-867e-bdb17ee88734",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "3e823bd8-6c08-4042-bfc1-30716fb35a84",
-                    "field": "channel_0"
+                    "data": "21f2454f-f780-4162-baec-ef4ab4287677",
+                    "field": "value"
                 },
                 "range": {
                     "scheme": "viridis",
@@ -98,8 +98,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -123,8 +125,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -144,7 +148,7 @@
                 "type": "gradient",
                 "direction": "vertical",
                 "orient": "none",
-                "fill": "color_28f10ac2-bdc1-4d5d-b080-8b2fd4378cdc",
+                "fill": "color_bdb2b8ed-5cd9-4862-867e-bdb17ee88734",
                 "fillColor": "#ffffff",
                 "gradientLength": 243.2,
                 "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
@@ -153,7 +157,8 @@
                 "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
                 "values": [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5],
                 "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000ff",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -167,7 +172,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "3e823bd8-6c08-4042-bfc1-30716fb35a84"
+                    "data": "21f2454f-f780-4162-baec-ef4ab4287677"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -177,7 +182,7 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_28f10ac2-bdc1-4d5d-b080-8b2fd4378cdc",
+                                "scale": "color_bdb2b8ed-5cd9-4862-867e-bdb17ee88734",
                                 "value": "value"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -186,7 +191,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "687083e0-219f-5d91-b904-d143b2f519f8"
+            "axis_uuid": "56385cf7-daed-5bc2-86c4-841d9c8ce841"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_True.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_True.json
index 688b84f6..24e8143d 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_True.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_True.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "aaafb762-5443-47ad-b36e-d9deae249c77",
+                "name": "be82ba36-7d40-4997-bbcb-dbcae87e94a8",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_image_0cb27575-d57c-42ae-adae-fe36426cdc19",
+                "name": "blobs_image_fafdb666-41bf-4659-97f0-d14c74034549",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "aaafb762-5443-47ad-b36e-d9deae249c77",
+                "source": "be82ba36-7d40-4997-bbcb-dbcae87e94a8",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
                     {
                         "type": "formula",
                         "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 0.1) / (0.5 - 0.1), 0, 1)",
-                        "as": "208b6b40-828f-4126-b133-e270eee67f1b"
+                        "as": "f60c47f4-8240-4bb7-9de3-dd8278c24a7d"
                     }
                 ]
             }
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_8405a287-0014-4b92-badb-4e2b035b7f43",
+                "name": "color_1d487bca-ac88-48a0-901d-b60eb5aa9d4e",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "208b6b40-828f-4126-b133-e270eee67f1b",
-                    "field": "channel_0"
+                    "data": "f60c47f4-8240-4bb7-9de3-dd8278c24a7d",
+                    "field": "value"
                 },
                 "range": {
                     "scheme": "viridis",
@@ -98,8 +98,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -123,8 +125,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -144,7 +148,7 @@
                 "type": "gradient",
                 "direction": "vertical",
                 "orient": "none",
-                "fill": "color_8405a287-0014-4b92-badb-4e2b035b7f43",
+                "fill": "color_1d487bca-ac88-48a0-901d-b60eb5aa9d4e",
                 "fillColor": "#ffffff",
                 "gradientLength": 243.2,
                 "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
@@ -153,7 +157,8 @@
                 "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
                 "values": [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5],
                 "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000ff",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -167,7 +172,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "208b6b40-828f-4126-b133-e270eee67f1b"
+                    "data": "f60c47f4-8240-4bb7-9de3-dd8278c24a7d"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -177,7 +182,7 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_8405a287-0014-4b92-badb-4e2b035b7f43",
+                                "scale": "color_1d487bca-ac88-48a0-901d-b60eb5aa9d4e",
                                 "value": "value"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -186,7 +191,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "c22d324c-768e-51ef-9841-8e7fcde3f1be"
+            "axis_uuid": "81610a8c-0de9-53d5-82b1-280052035603"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_true_list_cmap.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_true_list_cmap.json
index 1c661ab9..a0d3b81d 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_true_list_cmap.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_true_list_cmap.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "47fc311c-de64-4a94-aac5-c961d60d0f9e",
+                "name": "24df284f-a11d-4340-a143-2b5cf233a298",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_image_73967ea3-cf7f-4c37-8f6c-55a13165ae41",
+                "name": "blobs_image_a20c7fe3-8480-45ab-8fd4-21773ccb688a",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "47fc311c-de64-4a94-aac5-c961d60d0f9e",
+                "source": "24df284f-a11d-4340-a143-2b5cf233a298",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
                     {
                         "type": "formula",
                         "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 0.0) / (0.4 - 0.0), 0, 1)",
-                        "as": "729a827d-f810-4494-9ddd-b98c33eda533"
+                        "as": "eec38c7c-3a6e-4c5c-a674-8d38ca62bf73"
                     }
                 ]
             }
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_1d1cd407-84c8-41d2-b89f-2f136a57de33",
+                "name": "color_3a788edc-90f7-4165-8f32-9ef4fea44fb3",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "729a827d-f810-4494-9ddd-b98c33eda533",
-                    "field": "value"
+                    "data": "eec38c7c-3a6e-4c5c-a674-8d38ca62bf73",
+                    "field": "channel_0"
                 },
                 "range": {
                     "scheme": "seismic",
@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_e213a063-db1f-44f8-b634-df358d017c75",
+                "name": "color_f3dcaaa5-34f5-45c1-83ff-6de3bb979044",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "729a827d-f810-4494-9ddd-b98c33eda533",
-                    "field": "value"
+                    "data": "eec38c7c-3a6e-4c5c-a674-8d38ca62bf73",
+                    "field": "channel_1"
                 },
                 "range": {
                     "scheme": "Reds",
@@ -99,11 +99,11 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_380a4cab-221a-48e0-82ba-2bd15ec32ffb",
+                "name": "color_4bc87e63-19d4-4b1b-9de4-d3deb8cbceaa",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "729a827d-f810-4494-9ddd-b98c33eda533",
-                    "field": "value"
+                    "data": "eec38c7c-3a6e-4c5c-a674-8d38ca62bf73",
+                    "field": "channel_2"
                 },
                 "range": {
                     "scheme": "Blues",
@@ -122,8 +122,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -147,8 +149,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -167,7 +171,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "729a827d-f810-4494-9ddd-b98c33eda533"
+                    "data": "eec38c7c-3a6e-4c5c-a674-8d38ca62bf73"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -177,15 +181,15 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_1d1cd407-84c8-41d2-b89f-2f136a57de33",
+                                "scale": "color_3a788edc-90f7-4165-8f32-9ef4fea44fb3",
                                 "field": "channel_0"
                             },
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_e213a063-db1f-44f8-b634-df358d017c75",
+                                "scale": "color_f3dcaaa5-34f5-45c1-83ff-6de3bb979044",
                                 "field": "channel_1"
                             },
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_380a4cab-221a-48e0-82ba-2bd15ec32ffb",
+                                "scale": "color_4bc87e63-19d4-4b1b-9de4-d3deb8cbceaa",
                                 "field": "channel_2"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -194,7 +198,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "35ed1888-f2b3-5efd-9d78-3207a64499c9"
+            "axis_uuid": "3c9ffcd5-4dd7-5958-b857-40807b961040"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_image.json
index d0db157b..a284d677 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_image.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_image.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "69429c26-a200-4eb4-bb8d-d704011fdc61",
+                "name": "ac722766-e035-48d5-a1bf-cfb7de29f323",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_f07e31c4-d497-4aac-8e84-df0746bbcaa1",
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_bb82d5c7-2729-404d-8ad2-bd5f3dd864eb",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "69429c26-a200-4eb4-bb8d-d704011fdc61",
+                "source": "ac722766-e035-48d5-a1bf-cfb7de29f323",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_e6325245-bce4-4b5b-baf9-a1f98d405d69",
+                "name": "color_352b28a7-4da1-4403-a632-c4d38cce1f49",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_f07e31c4-d497-4aac-8e84-df0746bbcaa1",
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_bb82d5c7-2729-404d-8ad2-bd5f3dd864eb",
                     "field": "value"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -93,8 +93,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -118,8 +120,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -138,7 +142,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_f07e31c4-d497-4aac-8e84-df0746bbcaa1"
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_bb82d5c7-2729-404d-8ad2-bd5f3dd864eb"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -148,7 +152,7 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_e6325245-bce4-4b5b-baf9-a1f98d405d69",
+                                "scale": "color_352b28a7-4da1-4403-a632-c4d38cce1f49",
                                 "value": "value"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -157,7 +161,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "9ba209ef-014b-5806-80ab-65ca0f888be7"
+            "axis_uuid": "b8525270-3b08-5ee5-a0da-211736cdcd92"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image.json
index 95bb98b4..9d41083e 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "56349b13-6e07-43a1-9afe-f4a2b18eefb4",
+                "name": "8123869d-5833-4634-b023-7b83c0170371",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_29661d8b-d49a-4534-8887-c6ce89bf948c",
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_a8fedc1c-a0c5-4123-8f44-3d0de94ddcb2",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "56349b13-6e07-43a1-9afe-f4a2b18eefb4",
+                "source": "8123869d-5833-4634-b023-7b83c0170371",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_c602bd42-be58-4bc2-8db0-0f8bc310d2f2",
+                "name": "color_6a308c45-a705-4432-aae9-e663b0fabc6a",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_29661d8b-d49a-4534-8887-c6ce89bf948c",
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_a8fedc1c-a0c5-4123-8f44-3d0de94ddcb2",
                     "field": "value"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -93,8 +93,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -118,8 +120,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -138,7 +142,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_29661d8b-d49a-4534-8887-c6ce89bf948c"
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_a8fedc1c-a0c5-4123-8f44-3d0de94ddcb2"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -148,7 +152,7 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_c602bd42-be58-4bc2-8db0-0f8bc310d2f2",
+                                "scale": "color_6a308c45-a705-4432-aae9-e663b0fabc6a",
                                 "value": "value"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -157,7 +161,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "d37a2592-d43a-54ec-8d5d-534ce4dd1620"
+            "axis_uuid": "217f0086-2a6c-57bd-9902-e4482d0528d8"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image_with_custom_cmap.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image_with_custom_cmap.json
index 3c3cd23d..c6a1d004 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image_with_custom_cmap.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image_with_custom_cmap.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "0adfcb5d-0ba7-431a-b726-c3eb949963fb",
+                "name": "1f90f262-66a2-4d85-a5d0-43c136fa7771",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_c55bc3d7-3026-4ca3-9582-75ffc77620d6",
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_25adc079-ce67-4291-964e-842f7a5e2cc9",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "0adfcb5d-0ba7-431a-b726-c3eb949963fb",
+                "source": "1f90f262-66a2-4d85-a5d0-43c136fa7771",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_ae923d43-2244-48a0-acbf-d29162fd9785",
+                "name": "color_ff95b421-d4c7-4630-a0e7-470734577891",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_c55bc3d7-3026-4ca3-9582-75ffc77620d6",
-                    "field": "channel_0"
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_25adc079-ce67-4291-964e-842f7a5e2cc9",
+                    "field": "value"
                 },
                 "range": {
                     "scheme": "Greys",
@@ -93,8 +93,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -118,8 +120,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -139,7 +143,7 @@
                 "type": "gradient",
                 "direction": "vertical",
                 "orient": "none",
-                "fill": "color_ae923d43-2244-48a0-acbf-d29162fd9785",
+                "fill": "color_ff95b421-d4c7-4630-a0e7-470734577891",
                 "fillColor": "#ffffff",
                 "gradientLength": 243.2,
                 "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
@@ -148,7 +152,8 @@
                 "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
                 "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
                 "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000ff",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -162,7 +167,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_c55bc3d7-3026-4ca3-9582-75ffc77620d6"
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_25adc079-ce67-4291-964e-842f7a5e2cc9"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -172,7 +177,7 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_ae923d43-2244-48a0-acbf-d29162fd9785",
+                                "scale": "color_ff95b421-d4c7-4630-a0e7-470734577891",
                                 "value": "value"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -181,7 +186,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "f88dac95-cdc2-5cc2-9c3f-d8013c70228d"
+            "axis_uuid": "81be769f-7725-5c7a-b81b-93d7595e4428"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_image.json
index c65e1284..35c2e340 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_image.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_image.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "a69da098-cb50-4f55-91cd-817f17c5a52b",
+                "name": "33e11ade-b94f-46fe-988c-6c2797d42b63",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_image_437c4b1f-2bb4-4ee7-bd12-cdb538d936f9",
+                "name": "blobs_image_b4d75cdb-1184-4307-9cc3-df2d78d04923",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "a69da098-cb50-4f55-91cd-817f17c5a52b",
+                "source": "33e11ade-b94f-46fe-988c-6c2797d42b63",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_cfab0e24-53b3-4fbb-a2a1-f1937d26264c",
+                "name": "color_6adfa8d8-d389-45e6-93d4-41316230ed41",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_437c4b1f-2bb4-4ee7-bd12-cdb538d936f9",
+                    "data": "blobs_image_b4d75cdb-1184-4307-9cc3-df2d78d04923",
                     "field": "channel_0"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_8d53e0ac-d209-44cb-b225-9322d9ca8b96",
+                "name": "color_d85ab719-b866-4cb7-9dbf-d740b7ea9972",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_437c4b1f-2bb4-4ee7-bd12-cdb538d936f9",
+                    "data": "blobs_image_b4d75cdb-1184-4307-9cc3-df2d78d04923",
                     "field": "channel_1"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -105,8 +105,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -130,8 +132,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -150,7 +154,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_437c4b1f-2bb4-4ee7-bd12-cdb538d936f9"
+                    "data": "blobs_image_b4d75cdb-1184-4307-9cc3-df2d78d04923"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -160,11 +164,11 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_cfab0e24-53b3-4fbb-a2a1-f1937d26264c",
+                                "scale": "color_6adfa8d8-d389-45e6-93d4-41316230ed41",
                                 "field": "channel_0"
                             },
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_8d53e0ac-d209-44cb-b225-9322d9ca8b96",
+                                "scale": "color_d85ab719-b866-4cb7-9dbf-d740b7ea9972",
                                 "field": "channel_1"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -173,7 +177,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "76201cde-07a0-5afb-99f2-f13e85339410"
+            "axis_uuid": "248551f7-f962-5d91-a248-c48417951257"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_multiscale_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_multiscale_image.json
index b38716b1..c49b8ef6 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_multiscale_image.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_multiscale_image.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "c6c62239-dd86-45f5-9cc8-b3bfea498bae",
+                "name": "0a5f8a39-9cc7-4bf4-961a-7c7fe446250a",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_991dd824-9590-454a-9673-aa5fc7a4a904",
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_2c4159f6-979e-4661-894d-2ddba587c8ae",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "c6c62239-dd86-45f5-9cc8-b3bfea498bae",
+                "source": "0a5f8a39-9cc7-4bf4-961a-7c7fe446250a",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_7f41b4ad-6077-411d-a592-05f1ac316938",
+                "name": "color_be7b064a-e871-48fc-8381-d7df2b82b594",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_991dd824-9590-454a-9673-aa5fc7a4a904",
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_2c4159f6-979e-4661-894d-2ddba587c8ae",
                     "field": "channel_0"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_b884e4fe-43f2-4010-a07c-9e4326dfd4ec",
+                "name": "color_4d70686d-2919-45e5-a58a-19e1640eca46",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_991dd824-9590-454a-9673-aa5fc7a4a904",
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_2c4159f6-979e-4661-894d-2ddba587c8ae",
                     "field": "channel_1"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -105,8 +105,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -130,8 +132,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -150,7 +154,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_991dd824-9590-454a-9673-aa5fc7a4a904"
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_2c4159f6-979e-4661-894d-2ddba587c8ae"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -160,11 +164,11 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_7f41b4ad-6077-411d-a592-05f1ac316938",
+                                "scale": "color_be7b064a-e871-48fc-8381-d7df2b82b594",
                                 "field": "channel_0"
                             },
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_b884e4fe-43f2-4010-a07c-9e4326dfd4ec",
+                                "scale": "color_4d70686d-2919-45e5-a58a-19e1640eca46",
                                 "field": "channel_1"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -173,7 +177,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "02be8923-38c4-5d0d-858c-f14103618653"
+            "axis_uuid": "09662dc6-87eb-5032-ae3a-272fc72e428c"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_image.json
index 570e2099..85939710 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_image.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_image.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "e4626e9f-ee78-4ccd-b29b-f27d588f084c",
+                "name": "f5f05acd-c163-4d7e-b606-bc6ab159c6a9",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_image_c1b2dcc2-1220-4be9-99fe-21ad9ac3efe8",
+                "name": "blobs_image_32b2e6e1-4f28-4174-aed5-2a689a69415f",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "e4626e9f-ee78-4ccd-b29b-f27d588f084c",
+                "source": "f5f05acd-c163-4d7e-b606-bc6ab159c6a9",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_37849dc4-7a97-4b4e-95a3-a6564b930652",
+                "name": "color_519cef40-0b49-4e41-bd07-e68953d2a606",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_c1b2dcc2-1220-4be9-99fe-21ad9ac3efe8",
+                    "data": "blobs_image_32b2e6e1-4f28-4174-aed5-2a689a69415f",
                     "field": "channel_0"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_7ccc915c-c713-403a-b2a5-7e1cabe499d1",
+                "name": "color_0ea95ef0-77e0-489b-b5c7-d70ac4f8a640",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_c1b2dcc2-1220-4be9-99fe-21ad9ac3efe8",
+                    "data": "blobs_image_32b2e6e1-4f28-4174-aed5-2a689a69415f",
                     "field": "channel_1"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -105,8 +105,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -130,8 +132,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -150,7 +154,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_c1b2dcc2-1220-4be9-99fe-21ad9ac3efe8"
+                    "data": "blobs_image_32b2e6e1-4f28-4174-aed5-2a689a69415f"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -160,11 +164,11 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_37849dc4-7a97-4b4e-95a3-a6564b930652",
+                                "scale": "color_519cef40-0b49-4e41-bd07-e68953d2a606",
                                 "field": "channel_0"
                             },
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_7ccc915c-c713-403a-b2a5-7e1cabe499d1",
+                                "scale": "color_0ea95ef0-77e0-489b-b5c7-d70ac4f8a640",
                                 "field": "channel_1"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -173,7 +177,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "349318be-8354-50b4-8875-f394ab309ed8"
+            "axis_uuid": "bb399d0e-2cb1-5a66-9491-7847121c50d1"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_multiscale_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_multiscale_image.json
index 8aaa9409..73756c50 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_multiscale_image.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_multiscale_image.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "19462dc6-bbde-41e2-92b9-b102f6a65f73",
+                "name": "2547d2aa-44a8-4022-a755-f656fcd94b7f",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_1b37bcd3-5d72-483b-aa6b-c3e447b5cec5",
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_e687bad5-a08f-47b1-b546-ac186497d855",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "19462dc6-bbde-41e2-92b9-b102f6a65f73",
+                "source": "2547d2aa-44a8-4022-a755-f656fcd94b7f",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_d06afb51-4249-41e8-acb5-d5f8322e9b25",
+                "name": "color_049a6837-e6a2-4736-9ae3-73dec8664ba8",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_1b37bcd3-5d72-483b-aa6b-c3e447b5cec5",
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_e687bad5-a08f-47b1-b546-ac186497d855",
                     "field": "channel_0"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_4ae6af24-fa9c-4afe-a74d-3205fa53e67c",
+                "name": "color_d98f460f-804b-4a55-8ec8-f70fc0e4e419",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_1b37bcd3-5d72-483b-aa6b-c3e447b5cec5",
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_e687bad5-a08f-47b1-b546-ac186497d855",
                     "field": "channel_1"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -105,8 +105,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -130,8 +132,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -150,7 +154,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_1b37bcd3-5d72-483b-aa6b-c3e447b5cec5"
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_e687bad5-a08f-47b1-b546-ac186497d855"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -160,11 +164,11 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_d06afb51-4249-41e8-acb5-d5f8322e9b25",
+                                "scale": "color_049a6837-e6a2-4736-9ae3-73dec8664ba8",
                                 "field": "channel_0"
                             },
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_4ae6af24-fa9c-4afe-a74d-3205fa53e67c",
+                                "scale": "color_d98f460f-804b-4a55-8ec8-f70fc0e4e419",
                                 "field": "channel_1"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -173,7 +177,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "6b3277dc-a049-584a-9a8c-efd99d4ef172"
+            "axis_uuid": "e02813ac-4d6a-5ec4-80b3-0e83933bf9be"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stack_render_images.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stack_render_images.json
index 0a0c7fde..6c15a809 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stack_render_images.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stack_render_images.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "f1acc23e-cc47-493b-b308-4e4ab2e17002",
+                "name": "c63bccea-c1a9-4466-bc1e-463c2590916e",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_image_cae83642-8855-446a-bd01-6452c2914b76",
+                "name": "blobs_image_12f4a6c6-7a63-4027-b2f3-e8e4fa5f59ff",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "f1acc23e-cc47-493b-b308-4e4ab2e17002",
+                "source": "c63bccea-c1a9-4466-bc1e-463c2590916e",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@
                 ]
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_image_815aba87-74c9-4875-925d-e124cee4e4cf",
+                "name": "blobs_image_f2913717-e85b-40e6-a477-0f1dec97f59e",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "f1acc23e-cc47-493b-b308-4e4ab2e17002",
+                "source": "c63bccea-c1a9-4466-bc1e-463c2590916e",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -96,11 +96,11 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_3def14ba-8ef1-4ff5-88f9-6cc86a43d08b",
+                "name": "color_b43632ce-2fe0-41e9-9c23-cc70984b4485",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_cae83642-8855-446a-bd01-6452c2914b76",
-                    "field": "channel_0"
+                    "data": "blobs_image_12f4a6c6-7a63-4027-b2f3-e8e4fa5f59ff",
+                    "field": "value"
                 },
                 "range": {
                     "scheme": "red",
@@ -108,11 +108,11 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_815dbcad-1207-48cb-94eb-e37535f185e3",
+                "name": "color_04992f94-de7a-499b-b874-7a8ed552c258",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_815aba87-74c9-4875-925d-e124cee4e4cf",
-                    "field": "channel_0"
+                    "data": "blobs_image_f2913717-e85b-40e6-a477-0f1dec97f59e",
+                    "field": "value"
                 },
                 "range": {
                     "scheme": "blue",
@@ -131,8 +131,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -156,8 +158,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -177,7 +181,7 @@
                 "type": "gradient",
                 "direction": "vertical",
                 "orient": "none",
-                "fill": "color_3def14ba-8ef1-4ff5-88f9-6cc86a43d08b",
+                "fill": "color_b43632ce-2fe0-41e9-9c23-cc70984b4485",
                 "fillColor": "#ffffff",
                 "gradientLength": 243.2,
                 "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
@@ -186,7 +190,8 @@
                 "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
                 "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
                 "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000ff",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -199,7 +204,7 @@
                 "type": "gradient",
                 "direction": "vertical",
                 "orient": "none",
-                "fill": "color_815dbcad-1207-48cb-94eb-e37535f185e3",
+                "fill": "color_04992f94-de7a-499b-b874-7a8ed552c258",
                 "fillColor": "#ffffff",
                 "gradientLength": 243.2,
                 "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
@@ -208,7 +213,8 @@
                 "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
                 "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
                 "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000ff",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -222,7 +228,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_cae83642-8855-446a-bd01-6452c2914b76"
+                    "data": "blobs_image_12f4a6c6-7a63-4027-b2f3-e8e4fa5f59ff"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -232,7 +238,7 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_3def14ba-8ef1-4ff5-88f9-6cc86a43d08b",
+                                "scale": "color_b43632ce-2fe0-41e9-9c23-cc70984b4485",
                                 "value": "value"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -242,7 +248,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_815aba87-74c9-4875-925d-e124cee4e4cf"
+                    "data": "blobs_image_f2913717-e85b-40e6-a477-0f1dec97f59e"
                 },
                 "zindex": 1,
                 "encode": {
@@ -252,7 +258,7 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_815dbcad-1207-48cb-94eb-e37535f185e3",
+                                "scale": "color_04992f94-de7a-499b-b874-7a8ed552c258",
                                 "value": "value"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -261,7 +267,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "1ecea0a6-fa57-51f3-9204-61acfc923a34"
+            "axis_uuid": "0710cb92-bc50-53e6-9b3c-30799e3f3214"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stick_to_zorder.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stick_to_zorder.json
index 212c315d..4e55b013 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stick_to_zorder.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stick_to_zorder.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "f78b3d63-78ad-4fa4-b2b4-5b90deacdbf8",
+                "name": "c44f74f8-f792-42b7-8c1d-38b250ce3c59",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_2011a6f9-bbcf-4613-8d36-e32a56b7d80e",
+                "name": "blobs_circles_cf9bea02-83c7-4cbf-ab04-3b0fc03a0efe",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "f78b3d63-78ad-4fa4-b2b4-5b90deacdbf8",
+                "source": "c44f74f8-f792-42b7-8c1d-38b250ce3c59",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@
                 ]
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_d3b7570c-468f-44f7-b2fb-9db2a24fef91",
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_743fda8d-a7df-46ea-8e9e-b7b02166d0ee",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "f78b3d63-78ad-4fa4-b2b4-5b90deacdbf8",
+                "source": "c44f74f8-f792-42b7-8c1d-38b250ce3c59",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@
                 ]
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_multipolygons_bfc9adb0-62b9-40f4-ae27-602a1621912f",
+                "name": "blobs_multipolygons_81eb2fbb-e456-44d5-869a-27dc0b455333",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "f78b3d63-78ad-4fa4-b2b4-5b90deacdbf8",
+                "source": "c44f74f8-f792-42b7-8c1d-38b250ce3c59",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -84,12 +84,12 @@
                 ]
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_image_6b94ea67-7021-4163-a614-13b7d85d7cca",
+                "name": "blobs_image_8fb8d079-09d7-4aec-95b5-2cf9d02054df",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "f78b3d63-78ad-4fa4-b2b4-5b90deacdbf8",
+                "source": "c44f74f8-f792-42b7-8c1d-38b250ce3c59",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -110,12 +110,12 @@
                 ]
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_8d40fd50-d385-4c1a-94af-5d9c78815dd5",
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_503495d1-1210-4584-a44f-df132a64b4a5",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "f78b3d63-78ad-4fa4-b2b4-5b90deacdbf8",
+                "source": "c44f74f8-f792-42b7-8c1d-38b250ce3c59",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -150,10 +150,10 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_360709a7-9663-447a-9968-5491a884ba95",
+                "name": "color_f58f3d5e-13c7-4b7f-8f79-d468e660538c",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_6b94ea67-7021-4163-a614-13b7d85d7cca",
+                    "data": "blobs_image_8fb8d079-09d7-4aec-95b5-2cf9d02054df",
                     "field": "value"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -162,10 +162,10 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_28b7bed3-0a23-4705-af69-de2fec0da0d5",
+                "name": "color_6a9ca815-465f-42a1-8cc7-dd4b00a97446",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_8d40fd50-d385-4c1a-94af-5d9c78815dd5",
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_503495d1-1210-4584-a44f-df132a64b4a5",
                     "field": "value"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -185,8 +185,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -210,8 +212,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -230,7 +234,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "path",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_circles_2011a6f9-bbcf-4613-8d36-e32a56b7d80e"
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_cf9bea02-83c7-4cbf-ab04-3b0fc03a0efe"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -257,7 +261,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "path",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_d3b7570c-468f-44f7-b2fb-9db2a24fef91"
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_743fda8d-a7df-46ea-8e9e-b7b02166d0ee"
                 },
                 "zindex": 1,
                 "encode": {
@@ -284,7 +288,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "path",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multipolygons_bfc9adb0-62b9-40f4-ae27-602a1621912f"
+                    "data": "blobs_multipolygons_81eb2fbb-e456-44d5-869a-27dc0b455333"
                 },
                 "zindex": 2,
                 "encode": {
@@ -311,7 +315,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_6b94ea67-7021-4163-a614-13b7d85d7cca"
+                    "data": "blobs_image_8fb8d079-09d7-4aec-95b5-2cf9d02054df"
                 },
                 "zindex": 3,
                 "encode": {
@@ -321,7 +325,7 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_360709a7-9663-447a-9968-5491a884ba95",
+                                "scale": "color_f58f3d5e-13c7-4b7f-8f79-d468e660538c",
                                 "value": "value"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -331,7 +335,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_8d40fd50-d385-4c1a-94af-5d9c78815dd5"
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_503495d1-1210-4584-a44f-df132a64b4a5"
                 },
                 "zindex": 4,
                 "encode": {
@@ -341,7 +345,7 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_28b7bed3-0a23-4705-af69-de2fec0da0d5",
+                                "scale": "color_6a9ca815-465f-42a1-8cc7-dd4b00a97446",
                                 "value": "value"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -350,7 +354,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "bce72096-f040-509b-903f-7953efa752d3"
+            "axis_uuid": "df82fb18-3c1a-5887-b764-365dcbdd9385"
         }
     }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json
index f328695c..7e3ab231 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         },
         "data": [
             {
-                "name": "0f4350cf-6ca8-43d9-9d29-434120f241d6",
+                "name": "faf8d241-2f6c-4729-836b-c14028d22fd5",
                 "url": "sdata.zarr",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "SpatialData",
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
                 }
             },
             {
-                "name": "blobs_giant_image_6d203839-9086-4229-a7ee-095778bf964f",
+                "name": "blobs_giant_image_05bc1c72-d646-4974-8096-7abc3654e356",
                 "format": {
                     "type": "RasterFormatV02",
                     "version": "0.2"
                 },
-                "source": "0f4350cf-6ca8-43d9-9d29-434120f241d6",
+                "source": "faf8d241-2f6c-4729-836b-c14028d22fd5",
                 "transform": [
                     {
                         "type": "filter_element",
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@
                 "range": "height"
             },
             {
-                "name": "color_91959b6a-a022-4bc7-8807-e0ae7cd6b2fe",
+                "name": "color_590e603a-b5e6-4896-8161-3b5cb4c7eec0",
                 "type": "linear",
                 "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_giant_image_6d203839-9086-4229-a7ee-095778bf964f",
+                    "data": "blobs_giant_image_05bc1c72-d646-4974-8096-7abc3654e356",
                     "field": "value"
                 },
                 "range": {
@@ -93,8 +93,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -118,8 +120,10 @@
                 "grid": true,
                 "gridOpacity": 1.0,
                 "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#ccccccff",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
                 "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
                 "labelFont": "Arial",
                 "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
                 "labelFontStyle": "normal",
@@ -138,7 +142,7 @@
             {
                 "type": "raster_image",
                 "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_giant_image_6d203839-9086-4229-a7ee-095778bf964f"
+                    "data": "blobs_giant_image_05bc1c72-d646-4974-8096-7abc3654e356"
                 },
                 "zindex": 0,
                 "encode": {
@@ -148,7 +152,7 @@
                         },
                         "fill": [
                             {
-                                "scale": "color_91959b6a-a022-4bc7-8807-e0ae7cd6b2fe",
+                                "scale": "color_590e603a-b5e6-4896-8161-3b5cb4c7eec0",
                                 "value": "value"
                             }
                         ]
@@ -157,7 +161,7 @@
             }
         ],
         "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "15c97a74-f0df-55df-932b-188eb819eca7"
+            "axis_uuid": "8407b6de-1716-54b5-b48c-803732f4475c"
         }
     }
 ]

From 973ec5ac25f94867f7f5d92151b5d15ebb3348a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 2025 08:46:49 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 44/56] fix na color scale labels

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py    |   2 +
 .../Labels_can_do_rasterization.json          | 172 ++++++++++++++
 ...nder_given_scale_of_multiscale_labels.json | 172 ++++++++++++++
 .../Labels_can_render_labels.json             | 172 ++++++++++++++
 .../Labels_can_render_multiscale_labels.json  | 172 ++++++++++++++
 .../Labels_can_stack_render_labels.json       | 213 ++++++++++++++++++
 ...an_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json | 172 ++++++++++++++
 7 files changed, 1075 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_do_rasterization.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_labels.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_labels.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_multiscale_labels.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_stack_render_labels.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
index 90322049..2a9f3e94 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/scales.py
@@ -214,6 +214,8 @@ def create_colorscale_array_points_shapes_labels(
                 data_object["name"],
             )
         )
+    else:
+        return []
 
     return [color_scale_object]
 
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_do_rasterization.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_do_rasterization.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00ece89c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_do_rasterization.json
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "aabf5af9-109b-44e2-9c5f-a37265475055",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_giant_labels_c034968f-e957-4462-9e82-1b3efa5faaa6",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "aabf5af9-109b-44e2-9c5f-a37265475055",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_giant_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 3072.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3072.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_7784118b-ce42-430f-98a0-0e06563fafdc",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_giant_labels_c034968f-e957-4462-9e82-1b3efa5faaa6",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": ["random"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 1000, 2000, 3000],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_giant_labels_c034968f-e957-4462-9e82-1b3efa5faaa6"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_7784118b-ce42-430f-98a0-0e06563fafdc",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_7784118b-ce42-430f-98a0-0e06563fafdc",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "517c5bb4-5247-539f-9447-632f5c2cf36b"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_labels.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_labels.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f141762e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_labels.json
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "3e3b8e37-fedc-47fe-8f13-e93c8247e6b8",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_labels_0c301e96-1f0a-455b-be38-d76a657a309f",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "3e3b8e37-fedc-47fe-8f13-e93c8247e6b8",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multiscale_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "scale1"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_c0f722a3-2110-440d-a465-27c39242c840",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_0c301e96-1f0a-455b-be38-d76a657a309f",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": ["random"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_0c301e96-1f0a-455b-be38-d76a657a309f"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_c0f722a3-2110-440d-a465-27c39242c840",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_c0f722a3-2110-440d-a465-27c39242c840",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "0c0b63b4-ff52-5b96-9d67-d3557c3aea38"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_labels.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_labels.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..06dc4102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_labels.json
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "67ee3129-4474-4b34-a06a-392dc462bd30",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_labels_592a6c8b-a235-4b83-8fcb-25b5dea54aab",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "67ee3129-4474-4b34-a06a-392dc462bd30",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_3e3c0c81-6ea6-4697-943e-a99d61ac02f0",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_592a6c8b-a235-4b83-8fcb-25b5dea54aab",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": ["random"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_592a6c8b-a235-4b83-8fcb-25b5dea54aab"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_3e3c0c81-6ea6-4697-943e-a99d61ac02f0",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_3e3c0c81-6ea6-4697-943e-a99d61ac02f0",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "a1200cf1-7f34-52b9-86c3-3b264b34a4a6"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_multiscale_labels.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_multiscale_labels.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..269765e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_multiscale_labels.json
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "6023d889-bae1-48ee-ab7c-ffbafc6b7f33",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_labels_f3e67ce7-5c47-4bdb-86cd-968c1c869d02",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "6023d889-bae1-48ee-ab7c-ffbafc6b7f33",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multiscale_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_4231a9cf-aa0d-44c9-b56d-4b41f40841af",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_f3e67ce7-5c47-4bdb-86cd-968c1c869d02",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": ["random"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_f3e67ce7-5c47-4bdb-86cd-968c1c869d02"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_4231a9cf-aa0d-44c9-b56d-4b41f40841af",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_4231a9cf-aa0d-44c9-b56d-4b41f40841af",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "74a12ec7-4ee6-507f-9476-700bfe05ca9f"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_stack_render_labels.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_stack_render_labels.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..38e61a86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_stack_render_labels.json
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "545ba7f6-b28a-4f22-bf95-7dae8458afca",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_labels_d67ce142-5870-4b3a-896c-990c3821bfce",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "545ba7f6-b28a-4f22-bf95-7dae8458afca",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_labels_47da63b2-1fdc-498e-ae0e-d41989009806",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "545ba7f6-b28a-4f22-bf95-7dae8458afca",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_d67ce142-5870-4b3a-896c-990c3821bfce"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "value": "#ff0000"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "value": "#ff0000"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_47da63b2-1fdc-498e-ae0e-d41989009806"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "value": "#0000ff"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "value": "#0000ff"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 15
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "b9a14944-c16a-50bf-a25f-c5f37ecba3f0"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dd2e77f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "f704d041-82f5-4071-b649-0bf861d3909e",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_giant_labels_7c4bb325-4d86-496c-91fa-9cb882bda262",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "f704d041-82f5-4071-b649-0bf861d3909e",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_giant_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 3072.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3072.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_47b4272b-5118-4d15-a467-08fbc16ecc7f",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_giant_labels_7c4bb325-4d86-496c-91fa-9cb882bda262",
+                    "field": "value"
+                },
+                "range": ["random"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 1000, 2000, 3000],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_giant_labels_7c4bb325-4d86-496c-91fa-9cb882bda262"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_47b4272b-5118-4d15-a467-08fbc16ecc7f",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_47b4272b-5118-4d15-a467-08fbc16ecc7f",
+                                "value": "value"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "751647c0-0c89-5ddd-9886-922ec7d13488"
+        }
+    }
+]

From 562709b922186bfc550fbebd28b6bc5203d22b0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 2025 14:06:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 45/56] fix label color ref and table layer expr

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py      |   2 +-
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py     |   4 +-
 ..._can_annotate_labels_with_table_layer.json | 239 +++++++++
 ..._color_labels_by_categorical_variable.json | 229 +++++++++
 ...n_color_labels_by_continuous_variable.json | 237 +++++++++
 ...bels_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json | 240 +++++++++
 ...abels_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json | 240 +++++++++
 .../Labels_can_control_label_infill.json      | 237 +++++++++
 .../Labels_can_control_label_outline.json     | 237 +++++++++
 ...can_plot_with_one_element_color_table.json | 361 ++++++++++++++
 .../Labels_label_categorical_color.json       | 229 +++++++++
 ...uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_infill.json | 237 +++++++++
 ...ses_alpha_of_less_transparent_outline.json | 237 +++++++++
 ...set_categorical_label_maintains_order.json | 456 ++++++++++++++++++
 ...with_coloring_result_in_two_colorbars.json | 361 ++++++++++++++
 tests/pl/test_render_labels.py                |   2 +-
 16 files changed, 3545 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_annotate_labels_with_table_layer.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_categorical_variable.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_continuous_variable.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_control_label_infill.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_control_label_outline.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_plot_with_one_element_color_table.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_categorical_color.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_infill.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_outline.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_two_calls_with_coloring_result_in_two_colorbars.json

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py
index 941774f1..275981a7 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ def create_table_data_object(table_name: str, base_uuid: str, table_layer: str |
         "transform": [{"type": "filter_element", "expr": table_name}],
     }
     if table_layer is not None:
-        table_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_layer"})  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        table_object["transform"].append({"type": "filter_layer", "expr": table_layer})  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
     return table_object
 
 
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py
index e204722a..eab59844 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/marks.py
@@ -297,7 +297,9 @@ def create_raster_label_marks_object(
     encode_update = None
 
     if params.colortype == "continuous":
-        field = color_scale_array[0]["domain"]["field"][0]
+        if isinstance(field := color_scale_array[0]["domain"]["field"], list):
+            field = field[0]
+
         fill_color = [{"scale": color_scale_array[0]["name"], "value": field}]
         encode_update = {
             "fill": [
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_annotate_labels_with_table_layer.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_annotate_labels_with_table_layer.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2613f836
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_annotate_labels_with_table_layer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "f2273134-9c3e-48d1-86d5-f8518b6c4041",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "b4e16384-7d2c-470c-ad61-8e84c238efbf",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "f2273134-9c3e-48d1-86d5-f8518b6c4041",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "table"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_layer",
+                        "expr": "normalized"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_labels_7cc1f7c6-c0b0-4202-a96e-bb85890d0391",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "f2273134-9c3e-48d1-86d5-f8518b6c4041",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "b4e16384-7d2c-470c-ad61-8e84c238efbf",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                        "as": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_05d72bf6-5e72-4cc8-a904-a20b0adfaa42",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_7cc1f7c6-c0b0-4202-a96e-bb85890d0391",
+                    "field": ["channel_0_sum"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_05d72bf6-5e72-4cc8-a904-a20b0adfaa42",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 28.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_7cc1f7c6-c0b0-4202-a96e-bb85890d0391"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_05d72bf6-5e72-4cc8-a904-a20b0adfaa42",
+                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_05d72bf6-5e72-4cc8-a904-a20b0adfaa42",
+                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_05d72bf6-5e72-4cc8-a904-a20b0adfaa42",
+                                "field": "channel_0_sum"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "8fdf06ac-1da2-596c-abf9-c6359bdee8b7"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_categorical_variable.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_categorical_variable.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0aacc850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_categorical_variable.json
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
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+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
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+                        "expr": "global"
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+                    {
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+                        "expr": "full"
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+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "7a7b68dd-3a01-44dd-a8b2-28db61cb7e50",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["which_max"],
+                        "as": ["which_max"],
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+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_c3de20ad-a11f-4d09-98d5-695f211afe14",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["channel_0_sum", "channel_1_sum", "channel_2_sum"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68"]
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+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+        "legend": [
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+                "labelAlign": "left",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 174.96555555555554,
+                "legendY": 35.95555555555558
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+        "marks": [
+            {
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+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_d0589e37-1c9c-4e19-bac3-dff60b01e634"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_c3de20ad-a11f-4d09-98d5-695f211afe14",
+                                "value": "which_max"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_c3de20ad-a11f-4d09-98d5-695f211afe14",
+                                "value": "which_max"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_c3de20ad-a11f-4d09-98d5-695f211afe14",
+                                "field": "which_max"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
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+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "dc1798bd-77de-5815-8a44-7b4aaf44bac9"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_continuous_variable.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_continuous_variable.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a242820a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_continuous_variable.json
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
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+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
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+                        "expr": "table"
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+                "transform": [
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+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
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+                        "from": "1e2706f9-e0ca-4c24-9051-481bfdbdddbf",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["channel_0_sum"],
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+                "range": "height"
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+            {
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+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_477df7ab-2898-4552-bdc4-2d4bd2c576f4",
+                    "field": ["channel_0_sum"]
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+                "range": {
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+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
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+                "orient": "bottom",
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+            {
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+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
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+                "gridCap": "butt",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
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+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_26027d75-480e-418b-99f6-43f83a6c3e4a",
+                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_26027d75-480e-418b-99f6-43f83a6c3e4a",
+                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                            }
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+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_26027d75-480e-418b-99f6-43f83a6c3e4a",
+                                "field": "channel_0_sum"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
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+            "axis_uuid": "52d93b1c-87e1-5344-b819-100e28a7259f"
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..27175e97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
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+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
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+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
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+            "fontStyle": "normal",
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+                        "expr": "table"
+                    }
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+            {
+                "name": "blobs_labels_d657eb5c-2fda-4a6f-92b8-3e147b64fccc",
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+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
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+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "d1f2f413-ed97-4b73-8e0b-980f7419ffe6",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                        "as": ["channel_0_sum"],
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+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 400.0) / (1000.0 - 400.0), 0, 1)",
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+                "range": "height"
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+            {
+                "name": "color_16254b21-1d6c-4e92-97eb-deb66328ca71",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
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+                "domainOpacity": 1,
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+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_16254b21-1d6c-4e92-97eb-deb66328ca71",
+                                "value": "4e94e692-8cb4-4809-a42a-80aea8e5a99b"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_16254b21-1d6c-4e92-97eb-deb66328ca71",
+                                "value": "4e94e692-8cb4-4809-a42a-80aea8e5a99b"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_16254b21-1d6c-4e92-97eb-deb66328ca71",
+                                "field": "4e94e692-8cb4-4809-a42a-80aea8e5a99b"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "a083a609-d943-5fa6-80f0-5eb601db4d00"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ffd59530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "312c2851-9a2c-4ea1-9c37-7ba0ae9d7721",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "eefe0309-bdb9-4640-a4be-140cbcbde358",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "312c2851-9a2c-4ea1-9c37-7ba0ae9d7721",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_labels_6567dc9a-1381-4032-babc-a24882860474",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "312c2851-9a2c-4ea1-9c37-7ba0ae9d7721",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "eefe0309-bdb9-4640-a4be-140cbcbde358",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                        "as": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                        "default": null
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "(datum.value - 400.0) / (1000.0 - 400.0)",
+                        "as": "c7ba2f98-d170-435d-86e3-b610da7e882e"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_4aaf27b6-6835-4b3f-b34f-04b80ae727a2",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_6567dc9a-1381-4032-babc-a24882860474",
+                    "field": "c7ba2f98-d170-435d-86e3-b610da7e882e"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_4aaf27b6-6835-4b3f-b34f-04b80ae727a2",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [400.0, 500.0, 600.0, 700.0, 800.0, 900.0, 1000.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.800000000000068,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_6567dc9a-1381-4032-babc-a24882860474"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_4aaf27b6-6835-4b3f-b34f-04b80ae727a2",
+                                "value": "c7ba2f98-d170-435d-86e3-b610da7e882e"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_4aaf27b6-6835-4b3f-b34f-04b80ae727a2",
+                                "value": "c7ba2f98-d170-435d-86e3-b610da7e882e"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_4aaf27b6-6835-4b3f-b34f-04b80ae727a2",
+                                "field": "c7ba2f98-d170-435d-86e3-b610da7e882e"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "e7e32241-4323-5290-91b6-776aaaf10bbb"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_control_label_infill.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_control_label_infill.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aac37f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_control_label_infill.json
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "5f50c9dd-dce8-431b-af44-460724119037",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "ef42acc9-3c35-469c-a667-257569ee76e7",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "5f50c9dd-dce8-431b-af44-460724119037",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_labels_3cf6a48c-63b2-4c26-bdd2-a10e6b395a33",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "5f50c9dd-dce8-431b-af44-460724119037",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "ef42acc9-3c35-469c-a667-257569ee76e7",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                        "as": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_f5fb5491-d0ea-4a1c-82bd-553e8b53d862",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_3cf6a48c-63b2-4c26-bdd2-a10e6b395a33",
+                    "field": ["channel_0_sum"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_f5fb5491-d0ea-4a1c-82bd-553e8b53d862",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [
+                    0.0, 250.0, 500.0, 750.0, 1000.0, 1250.0, 1500.0, 1750.0
+                ],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 28.504005030744906,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_3cf6a48c-63b2-4c26-bdd2-a10e6b395a33"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_f5fb5491-d0ea-4a1c-82bd-553e8b53d862",
+                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_f5fb5491-d0ea-4a1c-82bd-553e8b53d862",
+                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_f5fb5491-d0ea-4a1c-82bd-553e8b53d862",
+                                "field": "channel_0_sum"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "14302cde-62fc-5181-91f9-84e2f3912c1f"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_control_label_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_control_label_outline.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..10060087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_control_label_outline.json
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "e9784389-b68c-4878-ab10-5a52352ef490",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "91daec16-0a2c-465f-aeba-dfc287137de5",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "e9784389-b68c-4878-ab10-5a52352ef490",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_labels_ba1f6f01-08ca-4cf6-a605-5fd786c179e0",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "e9784389-b68c-4878-ab10-5a52352ef490",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "91daec16-0a2c-465f-aeba-dfc287137de5",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                        "as": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_7e8c760b-36ec-431e-a3f4-4b5010ff0983",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_ba1f6f01-08ca-4cf6-a605-5fd786c179e0",
+                    "field": ["channel_0_sum"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_7e8c760b-36ec-431e-a3f4-4b5010ff0983",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [
+                    0.0, 250.0, 500.0, 750.0, 1000.0, 1250.0, 1500.0, 1750.0
+                ],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 28.504005030744906,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_ba1f6f01-08ca-4cf6-a605-5fd786c179e0"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_7e8c760b-36ec-431e-a3f4-4b5010ff0983",
+                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_7e8c760b-36ec-431e-a3f4-4b5010ff0983",
+                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 15
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_7e8c760b-36ec-431e-a3f4-4b5010ff0983",
+                                "field": "channel_0_sum"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "d056520d-87b8-5acb-a761-b9b9eba72a1f"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_plot_with_one_element_color_table.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_plot_with_one_element_color_table.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..009481dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_plot_with_one_element_color_table.json
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "6f14fd7f-1816-4f96-ae16-5d0f173fc7ad",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "3bbd27c6-90c9-4702-9ac3-bce8b22f06a4",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "6f14fd7f-1816-4f96-ae16-5d0f173fc7ad",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_labels_e3602ebc-6ddd-42fa-a15f-1dbf524b09d6",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "6f14fd7f-1816-4f96-ae16-5d0f173fc7ad",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "3bbd27c6-90c9-4702-9ac3-bce8b22f06a4",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                        "as": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "4050e26b-482c-47de-a5bd-e0cac2c014d4",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "6f14fd7f-1816-4f96-ae16-5d0f173fc7ad",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "multi_table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_labels_68005dad-a2ff-43e0-a196-d85da7e69473",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "6f14fd7f-1816-4f96-ae16-5d0f173fc7ad",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multiscale_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "4050e26b-482c-47de-a5bd-e0cac2c014d4",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["channel_1_sum"],
+                        "as": ["channel_1_sum"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_c2e0acb4-e54c-420d-bd32-e640bc3f89b8",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_e3602ebc-6ddd-42fa-a15f-1dbf524b09d6",
+                    "field": ["channel_0_sum"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_0de0ce47-7b7d-416a-88f0-c6ba41c869b7",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_68005dad-a2ff-43e0-a196-d85da7e69473",
+                    "field": ["channel_1_sum"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_c2e0acb4-e54c-420d-bd32-e640bc3f89b8",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [
+                    0.0, 250.0, 500.0, 750.0, 1000.0, 1250.0, 1500.0, 1750.0
+                ],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 28.504005030744906,
+                "zindex": 0
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_0de0ce47-7b7d-416a-88f0-c6ba41c869b7",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 500.0, 1000.0, 1500.0, 2000.0, 2500.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 266.5651200000001,
+                "legendY": 28.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_e3602ebc-6ddd-42fa-a15f-1dbf524b09d6"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_c2e0acb4-e54c-420d-bd32-e640bc3f89b8",
+                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_c2e0acb4-e54c-420d-bd32-e640bc3f89b8",
+                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_c2e0acb4-e54c-420d-bd32-e640bc3f89b8",
+                                "field": "channel_0_sum"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_68005dad-a2ff-43e0-a196-d85da7e69473"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_0de0ce47-7b7d-416a-88f0-c6ba41c869b7",
+                                "value": "channel_1_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_0de0ce47-7b7d-416a-88f0-c6ba41c869b7",
+                                "value": "channel_1_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_0de0ce47-7b7d-416a-88f0-c6ba41c869b7",
+                                "field": "channel_1_sum"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "97a70941-9b78-57ec-9ca6-83f70e0465c2"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_categorical_color.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_categorical_color.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..caaf6e60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_categorical_color.json
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "faeb2a59-fcb1-4446-8e88-a5c57882c7ce",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "8e0dc6a8-89aa-43a2-b950-966d21afb30a",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "faeb2a59-fcb1-4446-8e88-a5c57882c7ce",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "other_table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_labels_6460c403-2063-4b03-a0ac-39a096dc2070",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "faeb2a59-fcb1-4446-8e88-a5c57882c7ce",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "8e0dc6a8-89aa-43a2-b950-966d21afb30a",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["category"],
+                        "as": ["category"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_6d0e141a-3023-4a5a-a37a-2e4a2444a172",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["a", "b", "c"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_6d0e141a-3023-4a5a-a37a-2e4a2444a172",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "columns": 1,
+                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 267.8405555555555,
+                "legendY": 35.95555555555558
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_6460c403-2063-4b03-a0ac-39a096dc2070"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_6d0e141a-3023-4a5a-a37a-2e4a2444a172",
+                                "value": "category"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_6d0e141a-3023-4a5a-a37a-2e4a2444a172",
+                                "value": "category"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_6d0e141a-3023-4a5a-a37a-2e4a2444a172",
+                                "field": "category"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "1090a0cc-54d6-58e2-8f48-5aadb9619cfb"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_infill.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_infill.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0b5abad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_infill.json
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
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+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "ce7e0acd-5d23-4e94-9a67-8361adab7ba1",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["channel_0_sum"],
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+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_5af2d09f-26c0-4308-be45-1bd88b76dd76",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_c9e0e989-5505-43a3-b229-000156057239",
+                    "field": ["channel_0_sum"]
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+                "range": {
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+                    "count": 256
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+        "axes": [
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+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
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+                "from": {
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+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_5af2d09f-26c0-4308-be45-1bd88b76dd76",
+                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_5af2d09f-26c0-4308-be45-1bd88b76dd76",
+                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                            }
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+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.1
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+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.7
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 15
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_5af2d09f-26c0-4308-be45-1bd88b76dd76",
+                                "field": "channel_0_sum"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
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+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "0e2750eb-4bb3-502d-9fa2-d1e0b18db946"
+        }
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+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_outline.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86895693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_outline.json
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
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+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
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+        "data": [
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+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
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+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
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+                "transform": [
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+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
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+                    "version": "0.2"
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+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "30362437-de67-491c-a3d6-3909c4e95699",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                        "as": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
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+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_c2c68687-b59a-4b5d-bd38-a6d7980ae1d2",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_5312b6b0-e66c-4214-b6b9-c649966b379f",
+                    "field": ["channel_0_sum"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
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+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+        "legend": [
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+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_c2c68687-b59a-4b5d-bd38-a6d7980ae1d2",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
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+                "gradientOpacity": 0.7,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [
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+                ],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 28.504005030744906,
+                "zindex": 0
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+        ],
+        "marks": [
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+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_5312b6b0-e66c-4214-b6b9-c649966b379f"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_c2c68687-b59a-4b5d-bd38-a6d7980ae1d2",
+                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_c2c68687-b59a-4b5d-bd38-a6d7980ae1d2",
+                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.7
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.1
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_c2c68687-b59a-4b5d-bd38-a6d7980ae1d2",
+                                "field": "channel_0_sum"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "ff0ae4cc-4386-507d-9105-36ba1543cf03"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..27a30db4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order.json
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
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+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
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+            {
+                "name": "829fa5c3-e0d2-48d0-aff4-e8c94b396601",
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+                        "expr": "table"
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+            {
+                "name": "blobs_labels_ecb33cf0-637e-4472-bb9f-670752e53023",
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+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "829fa5c3-e0d2-48d0-aff4-e8c94b396601",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["which_max"],
+                        "as": ["which_max"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
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+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_dcbc127a-758b-46e2-80fb-bc7755b2fa35",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["channel_0_sum", "channel_1_sum", "channel_2_sum"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
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+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
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+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "tickOpacity": 1,
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+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
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+                                "value": "which_max"
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+                        "fill": [
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+                        "strokeWidth": {
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+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
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+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_dcbc127a-758b-46e2-80fb-bc7755b2fa35",
+                                "field": "which_max"
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+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "cfd5a5c9-21ec-588a-84f2-05a39c869aa0"
+        }
+    },
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "9c67d25f-01a3-428f-9edc-d33237733d3e",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "7ca34ed6-dce0-418f-a5e8-d57c71edece3",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "9c67d25f-01a3-428f-9edc-d33237733d3e",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_labels_2d514dac-028d-4aef-9f5e-9dc1eada1db9",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "9c67d25f-01a3-428f-9edc-d33237733d3e",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "7ca34ed6-dce0-418f-a5e8-d57c71edece3",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["which_max"],
+                        "as": ["which_max"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_0c6c9434-d704-474d-ae5b-e23c3027f235",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_0c6c9434-d704-474d-ae5b-e23c3027f235",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "columns": 1,
+                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 174.9655555555555,
+                "legendY": 35.955555555555634
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_2d514dac-028d-4aef-9f5e-9dc1eada1db9"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_0c6c9434-d704-474d-ae5b-e23c3027f235",
+                                "value": "which_max"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_0c6c9434-d704-474d-ae5b-e23c3027f235",
+                                "value": "which_max"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_0c6c9434-d704-474d-ae5b-e23c3027f235",
+                                "field": "which_max"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "bd1edb42-b2e7-52cb-91e2-47002b2b17c9"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_two_calls_with_coloring_result_in_two_colorbars.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_two_calls_with_coloring_result_in_two_colorbars.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bc8b39a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_two_calls_with_coloring_result_in_two_colorbars.json
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "6292f1b9-dbbe-41ed-8184-792b31448d28",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "5ab91e8a-4567-4a7e-a294-0c5294a15673",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "6292f1b9-dbbe-41ed-8184-792b31448d28",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_labels_3438e488-e946-452a-adb9-4bbbf7cb7f53",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "6292f1b9-dbbe-41ed-8184-792b31448d28",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "5ab91e8a-4567-4a7e-a294-0c5294a15673",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                        "as": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "9d6b0d7d-e69e-4211-a9af-80254977e5d7",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "6292f1b9-dbbe-41ed-8184-792b31448d28",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "multi_table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_labels_102ae6e3-75ff-4db1-9f71-05dbede9bedf",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "6292f1b9-dbbe-41ed-8184-792b31448d28",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multiscale_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "9d6b0d7d-e69e-4211-a9af-80254977e5d7",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["channel_1_sum"],
+                        "as": ["channel_1_sum"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_3324069a-8eae-47ca-afc6-8571bef2355c",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_3438e488-e946-452a-adb9-4bbbf7cb7f53",
+                    "field": ["channel_0_sum"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_9ef90235-a9fb-4095-b1fe-07784bc6d6ea",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_102ae6e3-75ff-4db1-9f71-05dbede9bedf",
+                    "field": ["channel_1_sum"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_3324069a-8eae-47ca-afc6-8571bef2355c",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [
+                    0.0, 250.0, 500.0, 750.0, 1000.0, 1250.0, 1500.0, 1750.0
+                ],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 28.504005030744906,
+                "zindex": 0
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_9ef90235-a9fb-4095-b1fe-07784bc6d6ea",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 500.0, 1000.0, 1500.0, 2000.0, 2500.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 266.5651200000001,
+                "legendY": 28.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_3438e488-e946-452a-adb9-4bbbf7cb7f53"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_3324069a-8eae-47ca-afc6-8571bef2355c",
+                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_3324069a-8eae-47ca-afc6-8571bef2355c",
+                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_3324069a-8eae-47ca-afc6-8571bef2355c",
+                                "field": "channel_0_sum"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_102ae6e3-75ff-4db1-9f71-05dbede9bedf"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_9ef90235-a9fb-4095-b1fe-07784bc6d6ea",
+                                "value": "channel_1_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_9ef90235-a9fb-4095-b1fe-07784bc6d6ea",
+                                "value": "channel_1_sum"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_9ef90235-a9fb-4095-b1fe-07784bc6d6ea",
+                                "field": "channel_1_sum"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "fd90b106-e04c-5122-92b3-064155376445"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/pl/test_render_labels.py b/tests/pl/test_render_labels.py
index 2d1075b5..56135ddc 100644
--- a/tests/pl/test_render_labels.py
+++ b/tests/pl/test_render_labels.py
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ def test_plot_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_infill(
         self,
         sdata_blobs: SpatialData,
     ):
-
+        # TODO: ask tim regarding this test as the name is confusing or there is a bug.
         sdata_blobs.pl.render_labels(
             "blobs_labels", color="channel_0_sum", fill_alpha=0.1, outline_alpha=0.7, contour_px=15
         ).pl.show()

From 4ec64b5c3023b29621d07a2321fc3c0af1ac1c29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 2025 14:19:08 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 46/56] add example configs labels

---
 ...y_categorical_variable_in_other_table.json | 645 ++++++++++++++++++
 ...aintains_order_when_palette_overwrite.json | 456 +++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 1101 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_categorical_variable_in_other_table.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order_when_palette_overwrite.json

diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_categorical_variable_in_other_table.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_categorical_variable_in_other_table.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7dc59599
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_categorical_variable_in_other_table.json
@@ -0,0 +1,645 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "ch_1_sum",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "fe69e52f-3f3a-494d-8bc8-57d599f4b1c7",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "f9aeda1c-37ed-4723-bbf5-3f3a630d4a44",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "fe69e52f-3f3a-494d-8bc8-57d599f4b1c7",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "other_table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multiscale_labels_0ece1786-4f0c-482f-8bdb-7af9c9cb7675",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "fe69e52f-3f3a-494d-8bc8-57d599f4b1c7",
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order_when_palette_overwrite.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order_when_palette_overwrite.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..84f54678
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order_when_palette_overwrite.json
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
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+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_394f2349-073a-4f11-a203-c8a94ee6e1e0",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "columns": 1,
+                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 38.820101010101,
+                "legendY": 35.95555555555558
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_7573816c-501c-47c3-99c7-5b2805575d2b"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_394f2349-073a-4f11-a203-c8a94ee6e1e0",
+                                "value": "which_max"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_394f2349-073a-4f11-a203-c8a94ee6e1e0",
+                                "value": "which_max"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_394f2349-073a-4f11-a203-c8a94ee6e1e0",
+                                "field": "which_max"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "22a51972-f1b7-5aa7-a614-e211a5e52771"
+        }
+    },
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "2975824c-ebf2-4471-8fe4-780eb9c5e279",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "ddc968b4-3316-41fa-a489-180f819266a4",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "2975824c-ebf2-4471-8fe4-780eb9c5e279",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_labels_66d4bf92-c97c-43b8-8fef-f4f77686fd55",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "2975824c-ebf2-4471-8fe4-780eb9c5e279",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_scale",
+                        "expr": "full"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "ddc968b4-3316-41fa-a489-180f819266a4",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["which_max"],
+                        "as": ["which_max"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_74042fff-c5c9-4316-850f-50a10af7b0f3",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                "range": ["#ff0000"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_74042fff-c5c9-4316-850f-50a10af7b0f3",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "columns": 1,
+                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 174.9655555555555,
+                "legendY": 35.955555555555634
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "raster_label",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_labels_66d4bf92-c97c-43b8-8fef-f4f77686fd55"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "stroke": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_74042fff-c5c9-4316-850f-50a10af7b0f3",
+                                "value": "which_max"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "scale": "color_74042fff-c5c9-4316-850f-50a10af7b0f3",
+                                "value": "which_max"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.4
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "scale": "color_74042fff-c5c9-4316-850f-50a10af7b0f3",
+                                "field": "which_max"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "dd335f6c-3ecc-5ca0-a044-e97216115b03"
+        }
+    }
+]

From c16e81bced6cf6c6b63be621d36f70ebf1dac57c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Fri, 2 May 2025 23:21:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 47/56] add completed point configs

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py      |   2 +-
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py      |   2 +-
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py      |   1 +
 ...ints_can_annotate_points_with_table_X.json | 231 ++++++++++
 ...annotate_points_with_table_and_groups.json | 225 ++++++++++
 ..._can_annotate_points_with_table_layer.json | 235 ++++++++++
 ...ts_can_annotate_points_with_table_obs.json | 231 ++++++++++
 ...can_filter_with_groups_custom_palette.json | 402 ++++++++++++++++++
 ...an_filter_with_groups_default_palette.json | 402 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../Points_can_render_points.json             | 161 +++++++
 .../Points_can_stack_render_points.json       | 213 ++++++++++
 .../Points_can_use_norm_with_clip.json        | 221 ++++++++++
 .../Points_can_use_norm_without_clip.json     | 221 ++++++++++
 ...olor_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json | 161 +++++++
 .../Points_coloring_with_cmap.json            | 202 +++++++++
 .../Points_coloring_with_palette.json         | 202 +++++++++
 ...ints_datashader_can_color_by_category.json | 214 ++++++++++
 ...oints_datashader_can_transform_points.json | 173 ++++++++
 ...s_datashader_can_use_any_as_reduction.json | 233 ++++++++++
 ...s_datashader_can_use_max_as_reduction.json | 233 ++++++++++
 ..._datashader_can_use_mean_as_reduction.json | 233 ++++++++++
 ...s_datashader_can_use_min_as_reduction.json | 233 ++++++++++
 ...nts_datashader_can_use_norm_with_clip.json | 233 ++++++++++
 ..._datashader_can_use_norm_without_clip.json | 233 ++++++++++
 ...s_datashader_can_use_std_as_reduction.json | 233 ++++++++++
 ...can_use_std_as_reduction_not_all_zero.json | 233 ++++++++++
 ...s_datashader_can_use_sum_as_reduction.json | 233 ++++++++++
 ...s_datashader_can_use_var_as_reduction.json | 233 ++++++++++
 .../Points_datashader_continuous_color.json   | 233 ++++++++++
 .../Points_datashader_matplotlib_stack.json   | 225 ++++++++++
 ...atashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_with_clip.json | 233 ++++++++++
 ...shader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_without_clip.json | 233 ++++++++++
 ...r_point_sizes_agree_after_altered_dpi.json | 225 ++++++++++
 .../Points_points_categorical_color.json      | 225 ++++++++++
 ...s_categorical_color_column_datashader.json | 214 ++++++++++
 ...s_categorical_color_column_matplotlib.json | 202 +++++++++
 ...ts_points_coercable_categorical_color.json | 225 ++++++++++
 ...ts_continuous_color_column_datashader.json | 233 ++++++++++
 ...ts_continuous_color_column_matplotlib.json | 208 +++++++++
 ...points_transformed_ds_agrees_with_mpl.json | 225 ++++++++++
 40 files changed, 8508 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_X.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_and_groups.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_layer.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_obs.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_filter_with_groups_custom_palette.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_filter_with_groups_default_palette.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_render_points.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_stack_render_points.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_use_norm_with_clip.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_use_norm_without_clip.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_color_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_coloring_with_cmap.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_coloring_with_palette.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_color_by_category.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_transform_points.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_any_as_reduction.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_max_as_reduction.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_mean_as_reduction.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_min_as_reduction.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_norm_with_clip.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_norm_without_clip.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_std_as_reduction.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_std_as_reduction_not_all_zero.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_sum_as_reduction.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_var_as_reduction.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_continuous_color.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_matplotlib_stack.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_with_clip.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_without_clip.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_mpl_and_datashader_point_sizes_agree_after_altered_dpi.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color_column_datashader.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color_column_matplotlib.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_coercable_categorical_color.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_continuous_color_column_datashader.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_continuous_color_column_matplotlib.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_transformed_ds_agrees_with_mpl.json

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
index 5a135f35..f90a3941 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/axis.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def create_axis_block(ax: Axes, axis_scales_block: list[dict[str, Any]], dpi: fl
                 tick_str_values = [
                     ticklabel.get_text()
                     for ticklabel in axis_props["ticklabels"]
-                    if vmin <= float(ticklabel.get_text()) <= vmax
+                    if vmin <= float(ticklabel.get_text().replace("−", "-")) <= vmax
                 ]
                 axis_config["values"] = parse_numbers_with_exact_format(tick_str_values)
 
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py
index 275981a7..e0e645cd 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/data.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def _add_datashade_transform(
 
     if last_transform["type"] == "formula":
         field = as_field = data_object["transform"][-1]["as"]
-    elif params.col_for_color:
+    else:
         field = as_field = params.col_for_color or "*"
         if field == "*":
             as_field = "count"
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py
index bca11e10..ac6ff222 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ def parse_numbers_with_exact_format(str_values: list[str]) -> list[float]:
     """
     float_ls = []
     for s in str_values:
+        s = s.replace("−", "-")
         if "." in s:
             float_ls.append(float(s))
         else:
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_X.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_X.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e1ef0ea5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_X.json
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "be39b901-24eb-469a-b339-928b63c9dc2a",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "8e37e446-c2ef-48bb-af67-d815400f6f29",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "be39b901-24eb-469a-b339-928b63c9dc2a",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "points_table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_0ca1f7d3-34ff-4b36-a00e-b9957a5b205a",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "be39b901-24eb-469a-b339-928b63c9dc2a",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "8e37e446-c2ef-48bb-af67-d815400f6f29",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["feature0"],
+                        "as": ["feature0"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_8b1546a7-c663-414a-8c13-bda8c44f56ff",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_0ca1f7d3-34ff-4b36-a00e-b9957a5b205a",
+                    "field": ["feature0"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
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+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
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+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_8b1546a7-c663-414a-8c13-bda8c44f56ff",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
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+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_8b1546a7-c663-414a-8c13-bda8c44f56ff",
+                            "value": "feature0"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_8b1546a7-c663-414a-8c13-bda8c44f56ff",
+                            "value": "feature0"
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+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 10
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.feature0)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
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+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "5b3a3eab-d256-5a25-bc75-ca83f255117c"
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+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_and_groups.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_and_groups.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4eb4d159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_and_groups.json
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
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+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
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+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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+                "transform": [
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+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "points_table"
+                    }
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+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_5ded845f-6951-46bd-be0b-f1921ce917c9",
+                "format": {
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+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "a00b5c40-3b37-48fc-9b49-e3a02d11a76a",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
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+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "4107814a-544f-4186-9616-cf3ef40a11fd",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["extra_feature_cat"],
+                        "as": ["extra_feature_cat"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_ba262afd-c10c-4b56-a4af-e62641e52bd2",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["two"],
+                "range": ["#ff7f0e"]
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+                "domain": true,
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+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "values": [200, 400],
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+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
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+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_ba262afd-c10c-4b56-a4af-e62641e52bd2",
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+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 253.59055555555548,
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+        "marks": [
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+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_ba262afd-c10c-4b56-a4af-e62641e52bd2",
+                            "field": "extra_feature_cat"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_ba262afd-c10c-4b56-a4af-e62641e52bd2",
+                            "field": "extra_feature_cat"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 10
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.extra_feature_cat)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
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+            }
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+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "2c539bdf-7947-5742-9fa3-7efea6df4524"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_layer.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_layer.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ee85b206
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_layer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
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+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
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+            "fontStyle": "normal",
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+            {
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+                "format": {
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+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "points_table"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_layer",
+                        "expr": "normalized"
+                    }
+                ]
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+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_456654bd-137e-4588-9dc5-c00f2b95e673",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "edcb867d-2eb5-4945-95ae-10850ca6efca",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "9af66692-ce55-4fb3-a3ba-514c3a8c1f1a",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["feature0"],
+                        "as": ["feature0"],
+                        "default": null
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+                "type": "linear",
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+                "range": "height"
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+            {
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+                    "field": ["feature0"]
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+                "domain": true,
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+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "values": [200, 400],
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+            },
+            {
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+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
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+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_68bf9617-a3ba-41cd-9a14-de7980c50ea0",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
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+                "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "legendY": 28.80000000000001,
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+        "marks": [
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+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_68bf9617-a3ba-41cd-9a14-de7980c50ea0",
+                            "value": "feature0"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_68bf9617-a3ba-41cd-9a14-de7980c50ea0",
+                            "value": "feature0"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 10
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.feature0)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "5c53e2fb-56ab-5bf5-9112-6f3f427e15a6"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_obs.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_obs.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..647bcd04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_obs.json
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "955a1874-5c47-4c9d-8e83-20090a682260",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "1ee8be21-3878-482d-a65c-63f7d05354e6",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "points_table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_5bf4fe35-5fbf-4ed8-a9d3-a0205864d3b1",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "1ee8be21-3878-482d-a65c-63f7d05354e6",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "955a1874-5c47-4c9d-8e83-20090a682260",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["extra_feature"],
+                        "as": ["extra_feature"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_cf4dbfae-3ecc-4a27-830c-db03d22fa089",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_5bf4fe35-5fbf-4ed8-a9d3-a0205864d3b1",
+                    "field": ["extra_feature"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
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+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
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+                "direction": "vertical",
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+                "fill": "color_cf4dbfae-3ecc-4a27-830c-db03d22fa089",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
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+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_cf4dbfae-3ecc-4a27-830c-db03d22fa089",
+                            "value": "extra_feature"
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+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_cf4dbfae-3ecc-4a27-830c-db03d22fa089",
+                            "value": "extra_feature"
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+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.extra_feature)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
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+        "usermeta": {
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_filter_with_groups_custom_palette.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_filter_with_groups_custom_palette.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..72c21737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_filter_with_groups_custom_palette.json
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
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+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
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+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
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+        "data": [
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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+                    "version": "0.1"
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+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
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+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_0c73c30d-47cb-46cc-9232-00fda1253e87",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["gene_a", "gene_b"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [250, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+        "legend": [
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+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
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+                "legendY": 35.95555555555558
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+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_0c73c30d-47cb-46cc-9232-00fda1253e87",
+                            "field": "genes"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_0c73c30d-47cb-46cc-9232-00fda1253e87",
+                            "field": "genes"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 10
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
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+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
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+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "ecb0286a-0f48-5226-9c23-bd1425f8dea7"
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+    },
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
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+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
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+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
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+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
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+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
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+        "data": [
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+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_3bef6fc7-14cc-45b7-b5b1-5860cf747f6a",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "a9e0f64c-66fe-4d54-bc68-115c1235d54e",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_b76430ca-1e52-4fe2-b379-d0e309082c1e",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["gene_b"],
+                "range": ["#ff0000"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
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+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [250, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+        "legend": [
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+                "direction": "vertical",
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+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_b76430ca-1e52-4fe2-b379-d0e309082c1e",
+                            "field": "genes"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_b76430ca-1e52-4fe2-b379-d0e309082c1e",
+                            "field": "genes"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 10
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "c98c320d-229b-5b77-87a3-0cdf8396a0ac"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_filter_with_groups_default_palette.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_filter_with_groups_default_palette.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9ac4c56c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_filter_with_groups_default_palette.json
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
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+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_e8bd78b8-9f2a-4f8a-a996-7d3848cb5197",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "1f00c11b-4746-44e8-a411-96fd9edcff4f",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_857b0e80-4db8-45af-bdd1-a09337a02cff",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["gene_a", "gene_b"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e"]
+            }
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+        "axes": [
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+                "orient": "bottom",
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+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
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+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
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+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [250, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_857b0e80-4db8-45af-bdd1-a09337a02cff",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "columns": 1,
+                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 64.75555555555555,
+                "legendY": 35.95555555555558
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+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
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+                "from": {
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+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_857b0e80-4db8-45af-bdd1-a09337a02cff",
+                            "field": "genes"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_857b0e80-4db8-45af-bdd1-a09337a02cff",
+                            "field": "genes"
+                        },
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+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 10
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "76de073a-f5b7-53aa-bd3a-baad40bc0bd8"
+        }
+    },
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "4a500245-da71-4a64-bf7b-fc2473f3c84b",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_0d6aa88e-245c-42f2-916b-18988c161e08",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "4a500245-da71-4a64-bf7b-fc2473f3c84b",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_2428a622-3592-409e-811c-942e23d57a16",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["gene_b"],
+                "range": ["#ff7f0e"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [250, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_2428a622-3592-409e-811c-942e23d57a16",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "columns": 1,
+                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 228.2155555555555,
+                "legendY": 239.25493055555555
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_0d6aa88e-245c-42f2-916b-18988c161e08"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_2428a622-3592-409e-811c-942e23d57a16",
+                            "field": "genes"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_2428a622-3592-409e-811c-942e23d57a16",
+                            "field": "genes"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 10
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "87f0752f-860a-5611-a0cf-80803dd0f5de"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_render_points.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_render_points.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..99e8947e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_render_points.json
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "800e478c-fe58-4a19-9c73-8d4a794ea1aa",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_29bec1ca-a707-438c-a110-a7724821887a",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "800e478c-fe58-4a19-9c73-8d4a794ea1aa",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_29bec1ca-a707-438c-a110-a7724821887a"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "e0d9ea92-0131-5f68-9a44-bb4d370f0f5c"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_stack_render_points.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_stack_render_points.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..48a34346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_stack_render_points.json
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "2988b30f-e534-4d36-bfef-7f4380e85dc1",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_d191a846-afca-4003-a386-1f0be215a11c",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "2988b30f-e534-4d36-bfef-7f4380e85dc1",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_0092eba3-a066-43be-8ebe-c7dd7dd19460",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "2988b30f-e534-4d36-bfef-7f4380e85dc1",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_d191a846-afca-4003-a386-1f0be215a11c"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 30
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_0092eba3-a066-43be-8ebe-c7dd7dd19460"
+                },
+                "zindex": 1,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#0000ff"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#0000ff"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 10
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "d31d154a-118b-5e6b-bab3-5bd254d8cc8a"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_use_norm_with_clip.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_use_norm_with_clip.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c08a4827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_use_norm_with_clip.json
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "c9f144c2-a482-49ca-bb25-005db55e4612",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_7e3f8310-dc2a-428a-b57c-f861e8d42213",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "c9f144c2-a482-49ca-bb25-005db55e4612",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 3.0) / (7.0 - 3.0), 0, 1)",
+                        "as": "92dab238-d55c-4601-8445-c43758de4ba9"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_4f10978f-2cce-416d-b8c7-c5783bf861b7",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_7e3f8310-dc2a-428a-b57c-f861e8d42213",
+                    "field": "92dab238-d55c-4601-8445-c43758de4ba9"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_4f10978f-2cce-416d-b8c7-c5783bf861b7",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_7e3f8310-dc2a-428a-b57c-f861e8d42213"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_4f10978f-2cce-416d-b8c7-c5783bf861b7",
+                            "value": "92dab238-d55c-4601-8445-c43758de4ba9"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_4f10978f-2cce-416d-b8c7-c5783bf861b7",
+                            "value": "92dab238-d55c-4601-8445-c43758de4ba9"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 40
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 3.0",
+                                "value": "#000000"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 7.0",
+                                "value": "#808080"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "bc41c6ab-c0a9-5d6a-a629-4edc12d8a1fb"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_use_norm_without_clip.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_use_norm_without_clip.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef47124f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_use_norm_without_clip.json
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "b991e0a5-bbfd-4561-8bcd-84eab170dd74",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_39d8691f-4b0c-4974-8e54-86d9be6f3217",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "b991e0a5-bbfd-4561-8bcd-84eab170dd74",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "(datum.value - 3.0) / (7.0 - 3.0)",
+                        "as": "04d277d1-cfca-4f1a-b3ee-3b6b465cd63a"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_96c410a6-43e5-4e6a-a929-f2b14dc57666",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_39d8691f-4b0c-4974-8e54-86d9be6f3217",
+                    "field": "04d277d1-cfca-4f1a-b3ee-3b6b465cd63a"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_96c410a6-43e5-4e6a-a929-f2b14dc57666",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_39d8691f-4b0c-4974-8e54-86d9be6f3217"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_96c410a6-43e5-4e6a-a929-f2b14dc57666",
+                            "value": "04d277d1-cfca-4f1a-b3ee-3b6b465cd63a"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_96c410a6-43e5-4e6a-a929-f2b14dc57666",
+                            "value": "04d277d1-cfca-4f1a-b3ee-3b6b465cd63a"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 40
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 3.0",
+                                "value": "#000000"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 7.0",
+                                "value": "#808080"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "a8d2103d-77f2-54cf-840e-dbd86e030b70"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_color_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_color_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a0dad7bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_color_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "2e33b710-1336-43e8-a894-76615b6d159b",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_2c8944e0-d58c-4821-b226-7c1bf0391248",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "2e33b710-1336-43e8-a894-76615b6d159b",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_2c8944e0-d58c-4821-b226-7c1bf0391248"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "092a9afa-d843-5295-be01-487eecc277ed"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_coloring_with_cmap.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_coloring_with_cmap.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e81458b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_coloring_with_cmap.json
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "bb48e2f0-f0e5-4a00-936d-717d4cfc34e0",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_30e12d8e-0316-4b1d-be8a-deef59ecc26d",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "bb48e2f0-f0e5-4a00-936d-717d4cfc34e0",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_1a9abef0-d3b1-4b35-8e2a-3ebee601d1e6",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["gene_a", "gene_b"],
+                "range": ["#8000ff", "#ff0000"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_1a9abef0-d3b1-4b35-8e2a-3ebee601d1e6",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "columns": 1,
+                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 228.2155555555555,
+                "legendY": 217.95875
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_30e12d8e-0316-4b1d-be8a-deef59ecc26d"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_1a9abef0-d3b1-4b35-8e2a-3ebee601d1e6",
+                            "field": "genes"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_1a9abef0-d3b1-4b35-8e2a-3ebee601d1e6",
+                            "field": "genes"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "e42c5ca4-6b5e-5541-abb2-1c2df673c824"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_coloring_with_palette.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_coloring_with_palette.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0362f006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_coloring_with_palette.json
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "13388e27-1782-4b87-8281-c0ddb14aae1b",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_52fb5fc0-9afc-4a57-a869-c39571a5ffbc",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "13388e27-1782-4b87-8281-c0ddb14aae1b",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_8b794912-322f-4224-b94a-d46d9cf07caa",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["gene_a", "gene_b"],
+                "range": ["#90ee90", "#00008b"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_8b794912-322f-4224-b94a-d46d9cf07caa",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "columns": 1,
+                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 228.2155555555555,
+                "legendY": 217.95875
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_52fb5fc0-9afc-4a57-a869-c39571a5ffbc"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_8b794912-322f-4224-b94a-d46d9cf07caa",
+                            "field": "genes"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_8b794912-322f-4224-b94a-d46d9cf07caa",
+                            "field": "genes"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "56c80743-91e0-53d6-b998-e32915e55eac"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_color_by_category.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_color_by_category.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be28e53c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_color_by_category.json
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "e960e36b-8d16-4105-b7be-fb3f6f948b39",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_db7b1313-a14c-4c36-a92b-67ea2fae974b",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "e960e36b-8d16-4105-b7be-fb3f6f948b39",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["genes"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["genes"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "spread",
+                        "field": ["genes"],
+                        "px": 4,
+                        "as": ["genes"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_d1418d65-2d63-41ab-afff-e52b3dae1f16",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["gene_b"],
+                "range": ["#90ee90"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_d1418d65-2d63-41ab-afff-e52b3dae1f16",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "columns": 1,
+                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 228.2155555555555,
+                "legendY": 35.955555555555634
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+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_db7b1313-a14c-4c36-a92b-67ea2fae974b"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_d1418d65-2d63-41ab-afff-e52b3dae1f16",
+                            "field": "genes"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_d1418d65-2d63-41ab-afff-e52b3dae1f16",
+                            "field": "genes"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 20
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "9e021ca3-a6a0-5755-90c1-d4c752f6ec7d"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_transform_points.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_transform_points.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74b196f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_transform_points.json
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "470bfbb0-19c8-4386-9cca-62940b06c8ca",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_677ad7a8-dfd0-4522-9679-442a0dab40b6",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "470bfbb0-19c8-4386-9cca-62940b06c8ca",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "spread",
+                        "field": ["count"],
+                        "px": 2,
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [-775.2755253544179, 221.90573056245066],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [-33.48962122763029, -840.7483983512892],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [-600, -400, -200, 0, 200],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [-800, -600, -400, -200],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_677ad7a8-dfd0-4522-9679-442a0dab40b6"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#000000"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#000000"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 5
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "38a61546-4c9f-5ba6-bb81-53bdab597e34"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_any_as_reduction.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_any_as_reduction.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..18acadf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_any_as_reduction.json
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "e36f96f9-57ec-4cc2-95cc-f5cfebfb4ac0",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_5f1df256-43e3-436b-949c-48b3af79677a",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "e36f96f9-57ec-4cc2-95cc-f5cfebfb4ac0",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "ops": ["any"],
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 1.0) / (2.0 - 1.0)",
+                        "as": "fcfba37c-e0e6-48a7-9745-2d19a076b1d8"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "spread",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "px": 5,
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_8a9f6933-7822-4641-927a-56ce5989a1b3",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_5f1df256-43e3-436b-949c-48b3af79677a",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+                "direction": "vertical",
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+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
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+                },
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+                "encode": {
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+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
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+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
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+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_8a9f6933-7822-4641-927a-56ce5989a1b3",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
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+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_8a9f6933-7822-4641-927a-56ce5989a1b3",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
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+                            "value": 1.0
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+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 40
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 1.0",
+                                "value": "#440154"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 2.0",
+                                "value": "#fde725"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "687645d2-ed9d-5f2d-a26d-1261069cad7a"
+        }
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+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_max_as_reduction.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_max_as_reduction.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d2aa5d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_max_as_reduction.json
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
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+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
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+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
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+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
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+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
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+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "ops": ["max"],
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    },
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+                        "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 0.0) / (9.0 - 0.0)",
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+                    },
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+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "px": 5,
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    }
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+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
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+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_e0adcb61-4468-4309-b011-19edb4b01312",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_19dcb55a-628b-42a1-a780-3646bcf77ed0",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"]
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+                "range": {
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+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
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+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "gridCap": "butt",
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
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+            {
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+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_e0adcb61-4468-4309-b011-19edb4b01312",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
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+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 28.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
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+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_19dcb55a-628b-42a1-a780-3646bcf77ed0"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_e0adcb61-4468-4309-b011-19edb4b01312",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_e0adcb61-4468-4309-b011-19edb4b01312",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 40
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
+                                "value": "#440154"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 9.0",
+                                "value": "#fde725"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "c149e50d-ae74-5f87-86a3-84b651810298"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_mean_as_reduction.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_mean_as_reduction.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..33496927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_mean_as_reduction.json
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
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+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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+            {
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+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
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+                "source": "9b74f0ec-208d-497e-82ec-0c357cc54c20",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "ops": ["mean"],
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 0.0) / (9.0 - 0.0)",
+                        "as": "86222174-3e7a-4908-af4f-6ca944fbc7cf"
+                    },
+                    {
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+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "px": 5,
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    }
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+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
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+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
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+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_c948e4b9-7a31-4893-bc51-ba6a2224ab40",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"]
+                },
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+                    "count": 256
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+        "axes": [
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+                "domain": true,
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+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
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+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
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+            },
+            {
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+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
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+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_53b2358d-76f1-49bc-b33b-472688998b4e",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 28.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
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+        "marks": [
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+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_c948e4b9-7a31-4893-bc51-ba6a2224ab40"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_53b2358d-76f1-49bc-b33b-472688998b4e",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_53b2358d-76f1-49bc-b33b-472688998b4e",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 40
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
+                                "value": "#440154"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 9.0",
+                                "value": "#fde725"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "f42c88af-1f73-563a-9aa0-4992496c7d3e"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_min_as_reduction.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_min_as_reduction.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..093b91a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_min_as_reduction.json
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "889cd38f-e8cc-4828-a0a4-8cc51115b0f7",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_dfa8f4e6-1a36-461d-81c2-dbb1b63461f1",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "889cd38f-e8cc-4828-a0a4-8cc51115b0f7",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "ops": ["min"],
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 0.0) / (9.0 - 0.0)",
+                        "as": "140f5670-c979-47ca-a3bf-e63e1a32943b"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "spread",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "px": 5,
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_e518e05b-0b89-4b8f-8c50-d03cbfebf550",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_dfa8f4e6-1a36-461d-81c2-dbb1b63461f1",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
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+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
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+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_e518e05b-0b89-4b8f-8c50-d03cbfebf550",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
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+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0],
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 28.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
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+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_dfa8f4e6-1a36-461d-81c2-dbb1b63461f1"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_e518e05b-0b89-4b8f-8c50-d03cbfebf550",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_e518e05b-0b89-4b8f-8c50-d03cbfebf550",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 40
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
+                                "value": "#440154"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 9.0",
+                                "value": "#fde725"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "9f71f68b-70aa-5651-b627-17f540348227"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_norm_with_clip.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_norm_with_clip.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa23e8dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_norm_with_clip.json
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
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+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
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+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_2923e506-957b-4f46-9c71-eb769881481c",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "07967b1f-36b9-4707-bf27-ac9297461efa",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "ops": ["max"],
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "clamp((datum.instance_id - 3.0) / (7.0 - 3.0), 0, 1)",
+                        "as": "5318f013-808a-4d38-8c4c-81eea0177c17"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "spread",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "px": 5,
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_6ca0b889-2c50-477d-bd15-51263c921740",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_2923e506-957b-4f46-9c71-eb769881481c",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_6ca0b889-2c50-477d-bd15-51263c921740",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_2923e506-957b-4f46-9c71-eb769881481c"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_6ca0b889-2c50-477d-bd15-51263c921740",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_6ca0b889-2c50-477d-bd15-51263c921740",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 40
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 3.0",
+                                "value": "#000000"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 7.0",
+                                "value": "#808080"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "219ad93c-19f2-5e11-8985-e263a6c1104b"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_norm_without_clip.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_norm_without_clip.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ec0e92d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_norm_without_clip.json
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "a8114eb6-540c-49e0-9f7a-b2a4cd8eec4a",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_eb43c523-343b-49d9-9a22-dcfa8322cd3b",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "a8114eb6-540c-49e0-9f7a-b2a4cd8eec4a",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "ops": ["max"],
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 3.0) / (7.0 - 3.0)",
+                        "as": "00b44404-8c4d-44f9-b3af-e8823b97f6e4"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "spread",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "px": 5,
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_2bc131ec-f456-486d-9c4c-d6731049b157",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_eb43c523-343b-49d9-9a22-dcfa8322cd3b",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
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+        ],
+        "axes": [
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+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_2bc131ec-f456-486d-9c4c-d6731049b157",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_eb43c523-343b-49d9-9a22-dcfa8322cd3b"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_2bc131ec-f456-486d-9c4c-d6731049b157",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_2bc131ec-f456-486d-9c4c-d6731049b157",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 40
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 3.0",
+                                "value": "#000000"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 7.0",
+                                "value": "#808080"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "abc9ca0e-7d42-56fb-bf14-4cff0cfac071"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_std_as_reduction.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_std_as_reduction.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..096319b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_std_as_reduction.json
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "fdf4bcf4-ade7-4c9e-90ae-4ca5a11c4eea",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_e3245574-274f-4e36-909f-94bb09851dbc",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "fdf4bcf4-ade7-4c9e-90ae-4ca5a11c4eea",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "ops": ["stdev"],
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 0.0) / (1.0 - 0.0)",
+                        "as": "cb2266b2-db15-409a-9888-9c054efc7f15"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "spread",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "px": 5,
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_5a447fca-452f-4650-8e61-bbc4bedfccf6",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_e3245574-274f-4e36-909f-94bb09851dbc",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
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+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
+                                "value": "#440154"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 1.0",
+                                "value": "#fde725"
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_std_as_reduction_not_all_zero.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_std_as_reduction_not_all_zero.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..97b6fef8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_std_as_reduction_not_all_zero.json
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+[
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+                            "value": "instance_id"
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+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
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+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
+                                "value": "#440154"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 3.5",
+                                "value": "#fde725"
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_sum_as_reduction.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_sum_as_reduction.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78ed28ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_sum_as_reduction.json
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
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+                            "value": "instance_id"
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+                            "value": 1.0
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+                        "size": {
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+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
+                                "value": "#440154"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 23.0",
+                                "value": "#fde725"
+                            }
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+        "usermeta": {
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_var_as_reduction.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_var_as_reduction.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7bc1f94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_var_as_reduction.json
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
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+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
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+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
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+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "ops": ["variance"],
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
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+                        "as": "c88af9ef-d40a-4705-9db8-f44268c34b5a"
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+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "px": 5,
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
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+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
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+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
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+                    "field": ["instance_id"]
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+        "axes": [
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+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+        "legend": [
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+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_554ce9d3-82b1-49cd-a8ef-9c288db6c7ee",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
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+                "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
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+                "from": {
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+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_554ce9d3-82b1-49cd-a8ef-9c288db6c7ee",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_554ce9d3-82b1-49cd-a8ef-9c288db6c7ee",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 40
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
+                                "value": "#440154"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 1.0",
+                                "value": "#fde725"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "fc5e6ff7-e126-5c8e-8cd5-e21daf081820"
+        }
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+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_continuous_color.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_continuous_color.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6390dc7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_continuous_color.json
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
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+        "data": [
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+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_7e8b8c3c-a81c-42c9-aa8d-270e63c58e25",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "e95022f5-d7da-4bce-9839-f14773a8ccd3",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "ops": ["sum"],
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 0.0) / (23.0 - 0.0)",
+                        "as": "d908fd8c-3c3a-4937-a7db-6ec401c68228"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "spread",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "px": 5,
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    }
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+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_d58ffe32-88ff-4acb-83cf-7f6d4b045959",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_7e8b8c3c-a81c-42c9-aa8d-270e63c58e25",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_d58ffe32-88ff-4acb-83cf-7f6d4b045959",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 28.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_7e8b8c3c-a81c-42c9-aa8d-270e63c58e25"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_d58ffe32-88ff-4acb-83cf-7f6d4b045959",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_d58ffe32-88ff-4acb-83cf-7f6d4b045959",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.6
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 40
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
+                                "value": "#440154"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 23.0",
+                                "value": "#fde725"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "d0c328cd-5345-585f-9c5a-00ed4a7e241a"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_matplotlib_stack.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_matplotlib_stack.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9f96e0cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_matplotlib_stack.json
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "aba23509-b6bd-48f4-abf3-a8ddceb4c7f0",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_d7fb57eb-530c-4119-9838-b21d0eae50b1",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "aba23509-b6bd-48f4-abf3-a8ddceb4c7f0",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "spread",
+                        "field": ["count"],
+                        "px": 5,
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_8f0a0af2-cd57-427e-bb90-e5e2456f9840",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "aba23509-b6bd-48f4-abf3-a8ddceb4c7f0",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_d7fb57eb-530c-4119-9838-b21d0eae50b1"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 40
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_8f0a0af2-cd57-427e-bb90-e5e2456f9840"
+                },
+                "zindex": 1,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#0000ff"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#0000ff"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 10
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "ccd77351-c8fe-50a0-8b81-7fcdb1b0b9a9"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_with_clip.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_with_clip.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c883544c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_with_clip.json
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "8c43cf0b-670b-4847-8eb5-5d5baf46bd5e",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_8a2764bd-6e6e-418b-a980-8102fce2af6d",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "8c43cf0b-670b-4847-8eb5-5d5baf46bd5e",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "ops": ["max"],
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "clamp((datum.instance_id - 4.5) / (5.5 - 4.5), 0, 1)",
+                        "as": "37038b90-124c-455a-8a0d-881ef89217c2"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "spread",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "px": 5,
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_870841cb-9849-486a-9718-b7dc2b9a8696",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_8a2764bd-6e6e-418b-a980-8102fce2af6d",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
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+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
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+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
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+        ],
+        "legend": [
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+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_870841cb-9849-486a-9718-b7dc2b9a8696",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
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+                "values": [4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5.0, 5.2, 5.4, 5.6],
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 28.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
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+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_8a2764bd-6e6e-418b-a980-8102fce2af6d"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_870841cb-9849-486a-9718-b7dc2b9a8696",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_870841cb-9849-486a-9718-b7dc2b9a8696",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 40
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 4.5",
+                                "value": "#000000"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 5.5",
+                                "value": "#808080"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "2da4b197-d884-5d88-9b7f-f0938e46d5fc"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_without_clip.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_without_clip.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7c1cbd2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_without_clip.json
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
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+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_b8d9acdc-6fe9-4f4c-af19-939db0848fa0",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "3805b8ab-5acb-4e9d-8832-13692baa5717",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "ops": ["max"],
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 4.5) / (5.5 - 4.5)",
+                        "as": "379b6b6e-8a98-4a19-909c-5b279b1ad6ca"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "spread",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "px": 5,
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_2aa506c2-0320-4b23-b31d-4fef521bc043",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_b8d9acdc-6fe9-4f4c-af19-939db0848fa0",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_2aa506c2-0320-4b23-b31d-4fef521bc043",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5.0, 5.2, 5.4, 5.6],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 28.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_b8d9acdc-6fe9-4f4c-af19-939db0848fa0"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_2aa506c2-0320-4b23-b31d-4fef521bc043",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_2aa506c2-0320-4b23-b31d-4fef521bc043",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 40
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 4.5",
+                                "value": "#000000"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 5.5",
+                                "value": "#808080"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "0bd97ed6-96c9-5b21-aaf5-61df80e48236"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_mpl_and_datashader_point_sizes_agree_after_altered_dpi.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_mpl_and_datashader_point_sizes_agree_after_altered_dpi.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..93a2a053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_mpl_and_datashader_point_sizes_agree_after_altered_dpi.json
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 800.0,
+        "width": 800.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 144.0,
+            "top": 71.99999999999997,
+            "right": 32.00000000000003,
+            "bottom": 120.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 38.888888888888886,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
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+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_58755652-81c2-4b5a-8179-fa7918be1be9",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "fe73f6c8-17d5-473a-84c5-6c8327b3a63d",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_91042950-96b5-4636-942e-8775f1c9ca76",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "fe73f6c8-17d5-473a-84c5-6c8327b3a63d",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "spread",
+                        "field": ["count"],
+                        "px": 40,
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 2.7777777777777777,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 4.166666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 9.722222222222221,
+                "values": [200, 400],
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+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 2.7777777777777777,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 38.888888888888886,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 4.166666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 9.722222222222221,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_58755652-81c2-4b5a-8179-fa7918be1be9"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#0000ff"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#0000ff"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 400
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_91042950-96b5-4636-942e-8775f1c9ca76"
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+                "zindex": 1,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#ffff00"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#ffff00"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.8
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 400
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "43a1ea63-34d1-5be9-973f-a7e1f6ffbb87"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7638f681
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color.json
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "76d1df00-edd3-46c8-9035-01a7670977d5",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "2c9ee04c-603f-4ed8-b8a1-a30bf739968c",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "76d1df00-edd3-46c8-9035-01a7670977d5",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "other_table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_239dff7b-58c0-4ae2-b12b-a819153d99fc",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "76d1df00-edd3-46c8-9035-01a7670977d5",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "2c9ee04c-603f-4ed8-b8a1-a30bf739968c",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["category"],
+                        "as": ["category"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_c9c08d34-4ffc-4d93-9dcf-c856840a63ed",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["a", "b", "c"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
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+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_c9c08d34-4ffc-4d93-9dcf-c856840a63ed",
+                            "field": "category"
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+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_c9c08d34-4ffc-4d93-9dcf-c856840a63ed",
+                            "field": "category"
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+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
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+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.category)",
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color_column_datashader.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color_column_datashader.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..51045a53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color_column_datashader.json
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
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+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
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+            "fontStyle": "normal",
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+            {
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+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
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+                "transform": [
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+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["genes"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["genes"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "spread",
+                        "field": ["genes"],
+                        "px": 1,
+                        "as": ["genes"]
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+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
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+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_6c81e9ce-c408-4fab-ae69-3b4928212514",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["gene_a", "gene_b"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e"]
+            }
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+        "axes": [
+            {
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+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
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+                "values": [200, 400],
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+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
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+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
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+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_6c81e9ce-c408-4fab-ae69-3b4928212514",
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+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_6c81e9ce-c408-4fab-ae69-3b4928212514",
+                            "field": "genes"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_6c81e9ce-c408-4fab-ae69-3b4928212514",
+                            "field": "genes"
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+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
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+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
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+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "96ba6439-6a3a-51ba-a922-976f6f3f3c4a"
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+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color_column_matplotlib.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color_column_matplotlib.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..391c01b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color_column_matplotlib.json
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+[
+    {
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+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
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+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
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+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
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+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
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+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
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+                        "expr": "global"
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+        "scales": [
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+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
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+                "name": "Y_scale",
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+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["gene_a", "gene_b"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e"]
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+            },
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+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
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+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_b60cf777-0797-473d-9dbb-4fccf4be0df9",
+                            "field": "genes"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_b60cf777-0797-473d-9dbb-4fccf4be0df9",
+                            "field": "genes"
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+                        "fillOpacity": {
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+                        "size": {
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+                        "shape": {
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+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
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+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
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+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "9b84b104-c451-573c-97c0-d851f9cf1250"
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_coercable_categorical_color.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_coercable_categorical_color.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a921688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_coercable_categorical_color.json
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+[
+    {
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+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
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+                        "expr": "other_table"
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+                        "expr": "global"
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+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "8e439704-35af-40bc-942e-a10979271074",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["category"],
+                        "as": ["category"],
+                        "default": null
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+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
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+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
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+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["a", "b", "c"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68"]
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+        ],
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+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
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+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_600ab3ba-a578-411e-ac75-109eecf3882d"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_82b5b1f7-8786-4ce3-ae17-e97dfd74c5f1",
+                            "field": "category"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_82b5b1f7-8786-4ce3-ae17-e97dfd74c5f1",
+                            "field": "category"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.category)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "a2b14124-7ccb-55cc-a9f8-531a8cefaf74"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_continuous_color_column_datashader.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_continuous_color_column_datashader.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..310eb18b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_continuous_color_column_datashader.json
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
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+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_75d73c23-3eea-4a4f-87cb-a35740cfe77e",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "882207e6-e04a-47d1-9bf6-68a1c6e59817",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "ops": ["sum"],
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 0.0) / (14.0 - 0.0)",
+                        "as": "adafac37-bc91-4982-8f59-5e7e1df18c02"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "spread",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "px": 1,
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_3ed5be73-46b3-4f72-ba9e-b553c236313e",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_75d73c23-3eea-4a4f-87cb-a35740cfe77e",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_3ed5be73-46b3-4f72-ba9e-b553c236313e",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 14.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_75d73c23-3eea-4a4f-87cb-a35740cfe77e"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_3ed5be73-46b3-4f72-ba9e-b553c236313e",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_3ed5be73-46b3-4f72-ba9e-b553c236313e",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
+                                "value": "#440154"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 14.0",
+                                "value": "#fde725"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "2f5d2cc1-0d47-5802-8fe5-7495f8ec1c22"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_continuous_color_column_matplotlib.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_continuous_color_column_matplotlib.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..13c8a32f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_continuous_color_column_matplotlib.json
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "8e280044-564f-4375-840f-9848716f7b85",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_c5148b36-51c9-42c4-bfde-56eea4c4172e",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "8e280044-564f-4375-840f-9848716f7b85",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_c398a8bd-be9a-4337-8599-01bdda452f63",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_c5148b36-51c9-42c4-bfde-56eea4c4172e",
+                    "field": "instance_id"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_c398a8bd-be9a-4337-8599-01bdda452f63",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 28.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_c5148b36-51c9-42c4-bfde-56eea4c4172e"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_c398a8bd-be9a-4337-8599-01bdda452f63",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_c398a8bd-be9a-4337-8599-01bdda452f63",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "9ef92755-d335-544c-8deb-63c63776e574"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_transformed_ds_agrees_with_mpl.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_transformed_ds_agrees_with_mpl.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d4700daa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_transformed_ds_agrees_with_mpl.json
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "1726166b-d3f2-4d72-99da-5002a67ff362",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "points1_a3aaddcc-5548-4b3b-aab8-85bd9fc8655c",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "1726166b-d3f2-4d72-99da-5002a67ff362",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "points1"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "points1_5135bd5c-be45-475d-acdb-ba94c1d91548",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "1726166b-d3f2-4d72-99da-5002a67ff362",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "points1"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "spread",
+                        "field": ["count"],
+                        "px": 3,
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 20.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [20.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 5, 10, 15, 20],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 5, 10, 15, 20],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "points1_a3aaddcc-5548-4b3b-aab8-85bd9fc8655c"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 50
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "points1_5135bd5c-be45-475d-acdb-ba94c1d91548"
+                },
+                "zindex": 1,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 10
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "ec28cecf-b4ae-5607-b2e6-16c709515234"
+        }
+    }
+]

From 502750466f6f15325a7bef7475e68b5f155762aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Fri, 2 May 2025 23:25:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 48/56] add missing point config

---
 ...datashader_can_use_count_as_reduction.json | 233 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 233 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_count_as_reduction.json

diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_count_as_reduction.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_count_as_reduction.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c4eb426
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_count_as_reduction.json
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "63e0d1c4-ee8a-48bd-a201-58b57be9ee3d",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_points_174854c6-5322-48cd-8218-be7f8636f3c9",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                    "version": "0.1"
+                },
+                "source": "63e0d1c4-ee8a-48bd-a201-58b57be9ee3d",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 0) / (4 - 0)",
+                        "as": "03131f92-2148-43d8-aa35-082dca416e1c"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "spread",
+                        "field": ["instance_id"],
+                        "px": 5,
+                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_1bb047cb-32c5-482e-81cc-514ebfaa223a",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_174854c6-5322-48cd-8218-be7f8636f3c9",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_1bb047cb-32c5-482e-81cc-514ebfaa223a",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "symbol",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_points_174854c6-5322-48cd-8218-be7f8636f3c9"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "scale": "color_1bb047cb-32c5-482e-81cc-514ebfaa223a",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_1bb047cb-32c5-482e-81cc-514ebfaa223a",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "size": {
+                            "value": 40
+                        },
+                        "shape": {
+                            "value": "circle"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0",
+                                "value": "#440154"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 4",
+                                "value": "#fde725"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "4cf9436a-d0fa-5616-9a0c-d199405948ac"
+        }
+    }
+]

From 07428acbea457a16e0809d1c72a852e9977d3c0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Sun, 4 May 2025 17:51:01 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 49/56] todos and shapes configs

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py             |   3 +
 ..._can_annotate_shapes_with_table_layer.json | 227 ++++++++++
 .../Shapes_can_color_from_geodataframe.json   | 200 +++++++++
 ...queried_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json | 323 +++++++++++++++
 ...lor_two_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json | 323 +++++++++++++++
 ...hapes_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json | 213 ++++++++++
 .../Shapes_can_do_non_matching_table.json     | 223 ++++++++++
 .../Shapes_can_filter_with_groups.json        | 386 ++++++++++++++++++
 ...h_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json | 217 ++++++++++
 ...s_can_plot_shapes_after_spatial_query.json | 244 +++++++++++
 ...h_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json | 217 ++++++++++
 .../Shapes_can_render_circles.json            | 154 +++++++
 ...n_render_circles_with_colored_outline.json | 163 ++++++++
 ...hapes_can_render_circles_with_outline.json | 163 ++++++++
 ..._circles_with_specified_outline_width.json | 163 ++++++++
 .../Shapes_can_render_empty_geometry.json     | 244 +++++++++++
 .../Shapes_can_render_multipolygons.json      | 223 ++++++++++
 .../Shapes_can_render_polygons.json           | 154 +++++++
 ...apes_can_render_polygons_with_outline.json | 163 ++++++++
 ...der_polygons_with_rgb_colored_outline.json | 163 ++++++++
 ...er_polygons_with_rgba_colored_outline.json | 163 ++++++++
 ...der_polygons_with_str_colored_outline.json | 163 ++++++++
 .../Shapes_can_scale_shapes.json              | 154 +++++++
 .../Shapes_can_set_clims_clip.json            | 236 +++++++++++
 .../Shapes_can_stack_render_shapes.json       | 199 +++++++++
 ...olor_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json | 154 +++++++
 .../Shapes_colorbar_can_be_normalised.json    | 213 ++++++++++
 ...Shapes_colorbar_respects_input_limits.json | 200 +++++++++
 .../Shapes_coloring_with_palette.json         | 194 +++++++++
 ...apes_datashader_can_color_by_category.json | 223 ++++++++++
 ...tashader_can_color_by_identical_value.json | 219 ++++++++++
 .../Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_value.json | 219 ++++++++++
 ...ader_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json | 219 ++++++++++
 ...hader_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json | 219 ++++++++++
 ..._datashader_can_render_colored_shapes.json | 262 ++++++++++++
 .../Shapes_datashader_can_render_shapes.json  | 262 ++++++++++++
 ...hader_can_render_with_colored_outline.json | 169 ++++++++
 ...er_can_render_with_diff_alpha_outline.json | 169 ++++++++
 ...er_can_render_with_diff_width_outline.json | 169 ++++++++
 ...hader_can_render_with_different_alpha.json | 262 ++++++++++++
 ...es_datashader_can_render_with_outline.json | 169 ++++++++
 ...r_can_render_with_rgb_colored_outline.json | 169 ++++++++
 ..._can_render_with_rgba_colored_outline.json | 169 ++++++++
 ...apes_datashader_can_transform_circles.json | 169 ++++++++
 ...atashader_can_transform_multipolygons.json | 169 ++++++++
 ...pes_datashader_can_transform_polygons.json | 169 ++++++++
 ...atashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_with_clip.json | 223 ++++++++++
 ...shader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_without_clip.json | 223 ++++++++++
 ...es_datashader_shades_with_linear_cmap.json | 219 ++++++++++
 .../Shapes_shapes_categorical_color.json      | 217 ++++++++++
 ...es_shapes_coercable_categorical_color.json | 217 ++++++++++
 tests/pl/test_render_shapes.py                |   2 +
 52 files changed, 10349 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_annotate_shapes_with_table_layer.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_from_geodataframe.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_two_queried_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_two_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_do_non_matching_table.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_filter_with_groups.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_queried_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_shapes_after_spatial_query.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_colored_outline.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_outline.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_specified_outline_width.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_empty_geometry.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_multipolygons.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_outline.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_rgb_colored_outline.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_rgba_colored_outline.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_str_colored_outline.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_scale_shapes.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_set_clims_clip.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_stack_render_shapes.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_color_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_colorbar_can_be_normalised.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_colorbar_respects_input_limits.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_coloring_with_palette.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_category.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_identical_value.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_value.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_colored_shapes.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_shapes.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_colored_outline.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_diff_alpha_outline.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_diff_width_outline.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_different_alpha.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_outline.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_rgb_colored_outline.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_rgba_colored_outline.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_circles.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_multipolygons.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_polygons.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_with_clip.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_without_clip.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_shades_with_linear_cmap.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_shapes_categorical_color.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_shapes_coercable_categorical_color.json

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
index 684e00ef..f1eae034 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render.py
@@ -121,6 +121,9 @@ def _render_shapes(
         table_layer=table_layer,
     )
 
+    if color_mapping:
+        sdata.plotting_tree[f"{render_count}_render_shapes"].colortype = color_mapping
+
     values_are_categorical = color_source_vector is not None
 
     # color_source_vector is None when the values aren't categorical
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_annotate_shapes_with_table_layer.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_annotate_shapes_with_table_layer.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..27f36f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_annotate_shapes_with_table_layer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "64e6de4c-0932-40bf-9d1c-1a2c6e98f849",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "5bc16ac0-aa5b-4e59-a7bb-1537955277cb",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "64e6de4c-0932-40bf-9d1c-1a2c6e98f849",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "circle_table"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_layer",
+                        "expr": "normalized"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_38e2c2a8-4313-436b-bb2c-552c6d436637",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "64e6de4c-0932-40bf-9d1c-1a2c6e98f849",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "5bc16ac0-aa5b-4e59-a7bb-1537955277cb",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["feature0"],
+                        "as": ["feature0"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_1e9988a3-db33-4210-9f58-f16cb35e4dcd",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_38e2c2a8-4313-436b-bb2c-552c6d436637",
+                    "field": ["feature0"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_1e9988a3-db33-4210-9f58-f16cb35e4dcd",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": null,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
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+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_1e9988a3-db33-4210-9f58-f16cb35e4dcd",
+                            "value": "feature0"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.feature0)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
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+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "a3813fed-be51-538f-83dd-06a512830bc3"
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_from_geodataframe.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_from_geodataframe.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..36bbfa9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_from_geodataframe.json
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
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+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
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+                    "field": "value"
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+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
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+        "legend": [
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+                "direction": "vertical",
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+                "fill": "color_e565b379-e9cb-4460-978e-0caef33fb0ec",
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+                "values": [0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
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+        "marks": [
+            {
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+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_7d720f83-4fe2-45e6-a7b5-2d1d7e185a25"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_e565b379-e9cb-4460-978e-0caef33fb0ec",
+                            "value": "value"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "805fba9f-d0ad-55ca-b00a-7abaee39455a"
+        }
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+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_two_queried_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_two_queried_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..96c82233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_two_queried_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
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+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
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+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
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+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
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+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
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+                "transform": [
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+                        "expr": "table"
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+            {
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+                    "version": "0.2"
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+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
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+                        "from": "59b535a5-8e62-4580-8093-16b150eea0de",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["annotation"],
+                        "as": ["annotation"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "97557ea4-57dd-484c-8b88-e2ba1b8fec7e",
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+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_35e112d2-38d6-4ca3-9197-6743d961e925",
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+                    "version": "0.2"
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+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "97557ea4-57dd-484c-8b88-e2ba1b8fec7e",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
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+                        "values": ["annotation"],
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+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["a", "c", "d"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#279e68", "#d62728"]
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+            {
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+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["v", "x", "y"],
+                "range": ["#8c564b", "#b5bd61", "#17becf"]
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+        "axes": [
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+                "encode": {
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+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_5dc90b1b-cb98-486f-bcbb-b2a533998a36",
+                            "field": "annotation"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
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+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
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+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
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+                "zindex": 1,
+                "encode": {
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+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
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+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
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+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_31c17caa-10b5-4221-ba4e-5d88017dc127",
+                            "field": "annotation"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
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+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "e9fc6a54-acac-5dd0-b91d-f99aaf858a94"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_two_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_two_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a571261f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_two_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
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+                "name": "d9611ff9-68f2-4e1d-8e38-d2a55538b898",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
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+                        "expr": "table"
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+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_30877445-9767-47e3-9b6c-af54f2ce56df",
+                "format": {
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+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "d9611ff9-68f2-4e1d-8e38-d2a55538b898",
+                "transform": [
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+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "cf52abb3-f6ef-45ee-ae46-6dd3bffa50a1",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["annotation"],
+                        "as": ["annotation"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "57457ccb-a2b1-4413-9a24-c84c4c9075e5",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
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+                "source": "d9611ff9-68f2-4e1d-8e38-d2a55538b898",
+                "transform": [
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+                        "expr": "table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_a46e1ec7-77ea-465e-bf00-898e90df608d",
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+                    "version": "0.2"
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+                "source": "d9611ff9-68f2-4e1d-8e38-d2a55538b898",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "57457ccb-a2b1-4413-9a24-c84c4c9075e5",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["annotation"],
+                        "as": ["annotation"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
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+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_5fd8851a-efc5-47c9-992d-30e7ff5f940a",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68", "#d62728", "#aa40fc"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_0374d4e6-cb3b-4ff0-8695-39af6558d2b9",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["v", "w", "x", "y", "z"],
+                "range": ["#8c564b", "#e377c2", "#b5bd61", "#17becf", "#aec7e8"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_5fd8851a-efc5-47c9-992d-30e7ff5f940a",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "columns": 1,
+                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
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+                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
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+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "legendY": 35.95555555555558
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+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_0374d4e6-cb3b-4ff0-8695-39af6558d2b9",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "columns": 1,
+                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 265.4655555555555,
+                "legendY": 35.95555555555558
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+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_30877445-9767-47e3-9b6c-af54f2ce56df"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_5fd8851a-efc5-47c9-992d-30e7ff5f940a",
+                            "field": "annotation"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_a46e1ec7-77ea-465e-bf00-898e90df608d"
+                },
+                "zindex": 1,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_0374d4e6-cb3b-4ff0-8695-39af6558d2b9",
+                            "field": "annotation"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "67d9a1b4-f46c-549a-968a-a356534a99c4"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ff796d5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "fdc9e739-d725-4bb7-8a8b-6bfb36e90090",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_b0b960ee-9fb6-4214-81d5-c36a06ecfa06",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "fdc9e739-d725-4bb7-8a8b-6bfb36e90090",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "(datum.value - 2.0) / (4.0 - 2.0)",
+                        "as": "7ad8430a-6e1a-4bc8-87e8-50b6d3b0bc8f"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_00540be8-3804-4816-ab6e-ab1987ae9f96",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_b0b960ee-9fb6-4214-81d5-c36a06ecfa06",
+                    "field": "7ad8430a-6e1a-4bc8-87e8-50b6d3b0bc8f"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_00540be8-3804-4816-ab6e-ab1987ae9f96",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": null,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_b0b960ee-9fb6-4214-81d5-c36a06ecfa06"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_00540be8-3804-4816-ab6e-ab1987ae9f96",
+                            "value": "7ad8430a-6e1a-4bc8-87e8-50b6d3b0bc8f"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.value) < 2.0",
+                                "value": "#000000"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.value) > 4.0",
+                                "value": "#808080"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "dbedcdce-a0b3-548e-a168-a371ada06535"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_do_non_matching_table.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_do_non_matching_table.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ebd7da2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_do_non_matching_table.json
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "290054c4-54ff-482b-b30e-cc8dc4ffcfac",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "6ae783b7-6802-4f4d-bfea-9813d1399bf5",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "290054c4-54ff-482b-b30e-cc8dc4ffcfac",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "new_table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_9d96233c-29c2-4e5c-ae9f-5f3a766310da",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "290054c4-54ff-482b-b30e-cc8dc4ffcfac",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "6ae783b7-6802-4f4d-bfea-9813d1399bf5",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["instance_id"],
+                        "as": ["instance_id"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_f1abb57c-2d57-440d-b5c2-c524717cd27b",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_9d96233c-29c2-4e5c-ae9f-5f3a766310da",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_f1abb57c-2d57-440d-b5c2-c524717cd27b",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": null,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_9d96233c-29c2-4e5c-ae9f-5f3a766310da"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_f1abb57c-2d57-440d-b5c2-c524717cd27b",
+                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "f452cde1-5802-5377-90f6-bdc661f7d26d"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_filter_with_groups.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_filter_with_groups.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c1235dce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_filter_with_groups.json
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
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+                },
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+                "encode": {
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+                            "field": "x"
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+                        "y": {
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+                            "field": "y"
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+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.cluster)",
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+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
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+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
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+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
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+        "data": [
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+                "name": "d8f26641-4f98-4242-b6ca-13c06caf2a59",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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+            },
+            {
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+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "d8f26641-4f98-4242-b6ca-13c06caf2a59",
+                "transform": [
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+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
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+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_d2fdfda6-37b0-447a-9a8a-83a344a5d56c",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["c1"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
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+        ],
+        "legend": [
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+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_d2fdfda6-37b0-447a-9a8a-83a344a5d56c",
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+        "marks": [
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+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_d2fdfda6-37b0-447a-9a8a-83a344a5d56c",
+                            "field": "cluster"
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+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.cluster)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
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+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "1ab64093-d7dc-5249-ac86-63281b62455a"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_queried_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_queried_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ad85d904
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_queried_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
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+                "name": "f99b4087-de4e-494e-9e8e-0e9bef02a71b",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "9d227767-95c8-4380-a736-e9dba8590053",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "f99b4087-de4e-494e-9e8e-0e9bef02a71b",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_0296f164-f43f-4e9c-be20-4c794ffad328",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "f99b4087-de4e-494e-9e8e-0e9bef02a71b",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "9d227767-95c8-4380-a736-e9dba8590053",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["annotation"],
+                        "as": ["annotation"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 342.0621919542923],
+                "range": "width"
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+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [255.41373271401557, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_f93e5a7f-0258-4db4-9a3a-3a2258daf35e",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["a", "c", "d"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#279e68", "#d62728"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 150, 200, 250, 300],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_f93e5a7f-0258-4db4-9a3a-3a2258daf35e",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "columns": 1,
+                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 267.7155555555555,
+                "legendY": 35.95555555555558
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+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_0296f164-f43f-4e9c-be20-4c794ffad328"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_f93e5a7f-0258-4db4-9a3a-3a2258daf35e",
+                            "field": "annotation"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "ac76fdef-61c7-5887-9715-552cfa435b5a"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_shapes_after_spatial_query.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_shapes_after_spatial_query.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08972deb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_shapes_after_spatial_query.json
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "36aa5b03-30d6-458a-8a74-7bc090c3a4f2",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_8b65a870-2dce-4b7e-ad2c-d920e78dfd61",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "36aa5b03-30d6-458a-8a74-7bc090c3a4f2",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multipolygons_4aacc8a0-1638-4f61-aded-73b9edb526f0",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "36aa5b03-30d6-458a-8a74-7bc090c3a4f2",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_76ccf0b8-ea7b-49a6-9ff3-0374a3d64689",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "36aa5b03-30d6-458a-8a74-7bc090c3a4f2",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 389.33194389674156],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [319.36204268927, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_8b65a870-2dce-4b7e-ad2c-d920e78dfd61"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multipolygons_4aacc8a0-1638-4f61-aded-73b9edb526f0"
+                },
+                "zindex": 1,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_76ccf0b8-ea7b-49a6-9ff3-0374a3d64689"
+                },
+                "zindex": 2,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "c1c63ddd-2cdb-5369-bed1-93c94497960d"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af6c00ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "b8895a18-f11d-405f-8e68-117c6198543b",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "635b7492-b0bb-4e58-b9a3-ebe8432deaa6",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "b8895a18-f11d-405f-8e68-117c6198543b",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_86a0cb7a-b9c9-4d98-8eee-70f59114f653",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "b8895a18-f11d-405f-8e68-117c6198543b",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "635b7492-b0bb-4e58-b9a3-ebe8432deaa6",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["annotation"],
+                        "as": ["annotation"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_f2371eeb-084d-4473-adc7-39564f0335e8",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68", "#d62728", "#aa40fc"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_f2371eeb-084d-4473-adc7-39564f0335e8",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "columns": 1,
+                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 267.7155555555555,
+                "legendY": 35.955555555555634
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_86a0cb7a-b9c9-4d98-8eee-70f59114f653"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_f2371eeb-084d-4473-adc7-39564f0335e8",
+                            "field": "annotation"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "69501ca0-64e0-550e-af86-570cdd5c0e85"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fb0c70c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles.json
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "1e2c12ff-e82f-41a5-b134-90d96e305ae5",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_34e75260-06d3-44ab-816c-71493bff2d50",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "1e2c12ff-e82f-41a5-b134-90d96e305ae5",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_34e75260-06d3-44ab-816c-71493bff2d50"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "c0d9a0dd-55ac-5523-bb7c-ef156eb58089"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_colored_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_colored_outline.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..807d7d98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_colored_outline.json
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "27be6871-7160-418b-865f-dbbb92311e21",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_6adead9b-e64a-47c7-8f4b-9e007681b270",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "27be6871-7160-418b-865f-dbbb92311e21",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_6adead9b-e64a-47c7-8f4b-9e007681b270"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 1.5
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "9410d435-d084-5315-a60b-d28b962e0633"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_outline.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..edd269b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_outline.json
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "a5b53667-3a01-4efc-a46a-be07ec8e09b9",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_9dd00b7c-6f92-4147-aed4-7dffa24327d2",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "a5b53667-3a01-4efc-a46a-be07ec8e09b9",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_9dd00b7c-6f92-4147-aed4-7dffa24327d2"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#000000"
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 1.5
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "b2c4c534-07b7-52ad-88b9-b3790b721a4d"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_specified_outline_width.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_specified_outline_width.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cbe335b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_specified_outline_width.json
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "4a6fd48c-74a8-4b8f-a331-3169a7efc16f",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_27372d34-f2cd-4d2b-8244-f5169027166f",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "4a6fd48c-74a8-4b8f-a331-3169a7efc16f",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_27372d34-f2cd-4d2b-8244-f5169027166f"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#000000"
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 3.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "1cdc0b18-b0e5-5d62-9e10-185036328b0b"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_empty_geometry.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_empty_geometry.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b98a1612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_empty_geometry.json
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "8be5fec3-9041-4dcb-a151-36eee5b59329",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_4db9df4c-afe2-4ec3-adc7-ba23029695bf",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "8be5fec3-9041-4dcb-a151-36eee5b59329",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_c7b061fa-deec-4f7d-bc41-fa2774f43445",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "8be5fec3-9041-4dcb-a151-36eee5b59329",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multipolygons_06a1b477-0139-4eaf-9c56-7c63310ae38d",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "8be5fec3-9041-4dcb-a151-36eee5b59329",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_4db9df4c-afe2-4ec3-adc7-ba23029695bf"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_c7b061fa-deec-4f7d-bc41-fa2774f43445"
+                },
+                "zindex": 1,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multipolygons_06a1b477-0139-4eaf-9c56-7c63310ae38d"
+                },
+                "zindex": 2,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "8fe7bd47-b5f7-5bc9-915e-4df6ad03b3ec"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_multipolygons.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_multipolygons.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d1c4bbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_multipolygons.json
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "cc2f0451-ee50-4d68-9bdf-c711b64e16cf",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "eed76153-df16-491b-bfbf-de61eebd25f9",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "cc2f0451-ee50-4d68-9bdf-c711b64e16cf",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "p_88b7854d-7bb4-4c9b-9d72-132554cd3765",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "cc2f0451-ee50-4d68-9bdf-c711b64e16cf",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "p"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "eed76153-df16-491b-bfbf-de61eebd25f9",
+                        "key": "val",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["val"],
+                        "as": ["val"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [0.0, 6.0],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [1.0, 0.0],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_640d8695-1303-43fe-844a-35acb08513a5",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "p_88b7854d-7bb4-4c9b-9d72-132554cd3765",
+                    "field": ["val"]
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 2, 4, 6],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [0, 1],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
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+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_640d8695-1303-43fe-844a-35acb08513a5",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": null,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "p_88b7854d-7bb4-4c9b-9d72-132554cd3765"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_640d8695-1303-43fe-844a-35acb08513a5",
+                            "value": "val"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.3
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.val)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "95ef9fa5-0963-527b-b705-bafa68e6d8e9"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d9ea1cda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons.json
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "582320bd-bb01-4d2a-9295-4e6935164963",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_7ea96831-b6ae-4114-8227-d30df9363d6a",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "582320bd-bb01-4d2a-9295-4e6935164963",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_7ea96831-b6ae-4114-8227-d30df9363d6a"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "70175a6c-f1a9-528f-b779-3d58fa786939"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_outline.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e1f5fcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_outline.json
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "431396c7-6a65-421e-93fe-829b9a296176",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_abb7a36b-0076-4762-96ab-e965d9bf9fd0",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "431396c7-6a65-421e-93fe-829b9a296176",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_abb7a36b-0076-4762-96ab-e965d9bf9fd0"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#000000"
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 1.5
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "ff5a6897-2997-5f11-86dd-7ab5af324065"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_rgb_colored_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_rgb_colored_outline.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..165c08a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_rgb_colored_outline.json
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "49db8c4f-d285-47cc-965b-3ed46f8de32d",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_76373f25-e023-4fc7-905a-7e3df1c5e7f8",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "49db8c4f-d285-47cc-965b-3ed46f8de32d",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_76373f25-e023-4fc7-905a-7e3df1c5e7f8"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#0000ff"
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 1.5
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "c9ea0f63-15b7-5e8a-8dca-1acadf21482e"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_rgba_colored_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_rgba_colored_outline.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6eedad53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_rgba_colored_outline.json
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "92834385-85c3-4dc3-85c8-87c377c019d5",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_0a3d48d9-adaf-4e1e-aaf0-daa174a170bd",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "92834385-85c3-4dc3-85c8-87c377c019d5",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_0a3d48d9-adaf-4e1e-aaf0-daa174a170bd"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#00ff00"
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 1.5
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "583b7282-bf50-5748-ad32-b24bad278544"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_str_colored_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_str_colored_outline.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b2159d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_str_colored_outline.json
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "05f78781-8b35-4f0f-be2d-5b181fdead45",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_4cd8ae3a-284b-4d34-b511-77b416b7c9de",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "05f78781-8b35-4f0f-be2d-5b181fdead45",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_4cd8ae3a-284b-4d34-b511-77b416b7c9de"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 1.5
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "ba88967e-a86e-53d0-af08-cabdabbd1a1b"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_scale_shapes.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_scale_shapes.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3750bb9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_scale_shapes.json
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "67e0f819-729b-4ec9-bb9b-481f8f3a2985",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_14992c4d-1468-42e2-8582-2f323898bf2b",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "67e0f819-729b-4ec9-bb9b-481f8f3a2985",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_14992c4d-1468-42e2-8582-2f323898bf2b"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 0.5,
+                        "scaleY": 0.5,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "c0cfccdd-a654-5e35-a07e-d13ea6bfbd44"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_set_clims_clip.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_set_clims_clip.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0b3e584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_set_clims_clip.json
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "f662f079-28e1-4a39-b4d5-fc3580734d2e",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "6b521bc3-8c5d-4241-9e72-7456da5c6d7f",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "f662f079-28e1-4a39-b4d5-fc3580734d2e",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "new_table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_169f7a20-801a-49a5-a91a-17583ed1e77f",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "f662f079-28e1-4a39-b4d5-fc3580734d2e",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "6b521bc3-8c5d-4241-9e72-7456da5c6d7f",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["dummy_gene_expression"],
+                        "as": ["dummy_gene_expression"],
+                        "default": null
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 20.0) / (40.0 - 20.0), 0, 1)",
+                        "as": "755d5782-45ab-4779-9772-14b1a83202cd"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_f754374e-a114-4d13-a07b-c0eb86407b75",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_169f7a20-801a-49a5-a91a-17583ed1e77f",
+                    "field": "755d5782-45ab-4779-9772-14b1a83202cd"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_f754374e-a114-4d13-a07b-c0eb86407b75",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": null,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_169f7a20-801a-49a5-a91a-17583ed1e77f"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_f754374e-a114-4d13-a07b-c0eb86407b75",
+                            "value": "755d5782-45ab-4779-9772-14b1a83202cd"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.dummy_gene_expression)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.dummy_gene_expression) < 20.0",
+                                "value": "#440154"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.dummy_gene_expression) > 40.0",
+                                "value": "#fde725"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "7421b78b-6b82-5a10-843e-0d5cac78b3d4"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_stack_render_shapes.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_stack_render_shapes.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b04033c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_stack_render_shapes.json
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "1b094ecf-b5f9-409f-a5b0-05231c273f99",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_8bb8596d-074d-4ec7-81dd-2d1559ac346f",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "1b094ecf-b5f9-409f-a5b0-05231c273f99",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_382204a7-2eda-41ba-9789-7bb6e18732af",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "1b094ecf-b5f9-409f-a5b0-05231c273f99",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_8bb8596d-074d-4ec7-81dd-2d1559ac346f"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.5
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_382204a7-2eda-41ba-9789-7bb6e18732af"
+                },
+                "zindex": 1,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#0000ff"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.5
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "3a92b839-c72d-598c-b9da-1115576566d9"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_color_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_color_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d2cf2864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_color_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "1da193e0-56bc-4aa7-9160-81767ffac519",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_b63d35d9-5470-412f-853f-d2f3af28f458",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "1da193e0-56bc-4aa7-9160-81767ffac519",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_b63d35d9-5470-412f-853f-d2f3af28f458"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "962e7c05-5553-5fef-8a06-80433149b302"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_colorbar_can_be_normalised.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_colorbar_can_be_normalised.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..374b1b5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_colorbar_can_be_normalised.json
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "8bd301eb-998c-4eef-92c1-ba3f1025d451",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_2ce35219-7787-425b-9718-7292e48cf327",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "8bd301eb-998c-4eef-92c1-ba3f1025d451",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 0.0) / (5.0 - 0.0), 0, 1)",
+                        "as": "82c58aab-eef4-4008-999b-c4dd11b6cd37"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_c3f1a7f3-ee2f-453b-8a84-c6980d62cbb2",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_2ce35219-7787-425b-9718-7292e48cf327",
+                    "field": "82c58aab-eef4-4008-999b-c4dd11b6cd37"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_c3f1a7f3-ee2f-453b-8a84-c6980d62cbb2",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": null,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_2ce35219-7787-425b-9718-7292e48cf327"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_c3f1a7f3-ee2f-453b-8a84-c6980d62cbb2",
+                            "value": "82c58aab-eef4-4008-999b-c4dd11b6cd37"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.cluster)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.cluster) < 0.0",
+                                "value": "#440154"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.cluster) > 5.0",
+                                "value": "#fde725"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "108d6796-fa19-5d41-8b3f-77aa6baf6f29"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_colorbar_respects_input_limits.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_colorbar_respects_input_limits.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f32102e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_colorbar_respects_input_limits.json
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "3e737133-5ffa-456c-9096-3d907307ebe3",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_80272402-f751-45e3-818f-d60c6afc48f3",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "3e737133-5ffa-456c-9096-3d907307ebe3",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_abaf73b0-b8cb-499d-82e6-dd9498d848e7",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_80272402-f751-45e3-818f-d60c6afc48f3",
+                    "field": "cluster"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_abaf73b0-b8cb-499d-82e6-dd9498d848e7",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": null,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_80272402-f751-45e3-818f-d60c6afc48f3"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_abaf73b0-b8cb-499d-82e6-dd9498d848e7",
+                            "value": "cluster"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.cluster)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "f8f95fb2-d404-58e5-9ab0-fdd44b67a0dc"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_coloring_with_palette.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_coloring_with_palette.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e5e593f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_coloring_with_palette.json
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "f43838f7-345e-4a47-9567-85f186602bc1",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_8820ce63-6f54-47de-b29c-a73561a1627a",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "f43838f7-345e-4a47-9567-85f186602bc1",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    }
+                ]
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+        "scales": [
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+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
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+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
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+            {
+                "name": "color_9923049f-a36c-4456-8c18-5ceff4ce733e",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["c2", "c1"],
+                "range": ["#008000", "#ffff00"]
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+        ],
+        "axes": [
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+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
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+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
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+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
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+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_9923049f-a36c-4456-8c18-5ceff4ce733e",
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+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_9923049f-a36c-4456-8c18-5ceff4ce733e",
+                            "field": "cluster"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.cluster)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
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+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "33e65d2a-b503-57b1-bb52-96d1b066eebe"
+        }
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+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_category.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_category.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..31d62b81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_category.json
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
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+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
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+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
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+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "ca6f742f-8b45-4061-a972-d3350ff3d16b",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "3b930536-afb0-428a-a840-5c734a0ba2c2",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_962691cc-8618-4e51-b774-dad8ce8fbf0e",
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+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "3b930536-afb0-428a-a840-5c734a0ba2c2",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "ca6f742f-8b45-4061-a972-d3350ff3d16b",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["category"],
+                        "as": ["category"],
+                        "default": null
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["category"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["category"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
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+            {
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+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_d12adf9f-cb82-4faa-851e-1206ef55b9d0",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["a", "b", "c"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_d12adf9f-cb82-4faa-851e-1206ef55b9d0",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "columns": 1,
+                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 267.8405555555555,
+                "legendY": 35.95555555555558
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+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_962691cc-8618-4e51-b774-dad8ce8fbf0e"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_d12adf9f-cb82-4faa-851e-1206ef55b9d0",
+                            "field": "category"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.category)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "4564f80e-7fef-5c92-8f32-bb2421df1de9"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_identical_value.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_identical_value.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..58d94d14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_identical_value.json
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "2c184418-2e73-4ff7-8fd8-2ff5dd30af13",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
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+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_635d30b9-e4dc-43a1-b098-1e7be9026bcc",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "2c184418-2e73-4ff7-8fd8-2ff5dd30af13",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["value"],
+                        "ops": ["sum"],
+                        "as": ["value"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "(datum.value - 1.0) / (2.0 - 1.0)",
+                        "as": "da72bf32-2360-4381-a926-da2be34efbb4"
+                    }
+                ]
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+        ],
+        "scales": [
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+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_f6e724e5-2877-41a7-b4fb-7bcc6bdad9f3",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
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+                    "field": "da72bf32-2360-4381-a926-da2be34efbb4"
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+        "axes": [
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+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_f6e724e5-2877-41a7-b4fb-7bcc6bdad9f3",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_635d30b9-e4dc-43a1-b098-1e7be9026bcc"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_f6e724e5-2877-41a7-b4fb-7bcc6bdad9f3",
+                            "value": "da72bf32-2360-4381-a926-da2be34efbb4"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.value) < 1.0",
+                                "value": "#440154"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.value) > 2.0",
+                                "value": "#fde725"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "67955123-93da-509d-bb41-8823df32760c"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_value.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_value.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c734974e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_value.json
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "cd742906-bd05-4493-b826-a826f48660b8",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_b23b0e7f-f8e5-4ca2-886b-5212eff7134d",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "cd742906-bd05-4493-b826-a826f48660b8",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["value"],
+                        "ops": ["sum"],
+                        "as": ["value"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "(datum.value - 1.0) / (20.0 - 1.0)",
+                        "as": "d5439005-ed2c-4f77-be9b-18e825b83a41"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
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+            {
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+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_d33e08b1-6007-4f5e-b270-bd04dd237c01",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_b23b0e7f-f8e5-4ca2-886b-5212eff7134d",
+                    "field": "d5439005-ed2c-4f77-be9b-18e825b83a41"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
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+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
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+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_d33e08b1-6007-4f5e-b270-bd04dd237c01",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
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+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
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+                "values": [0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_d33e08b1-6007-4f5e-b270-bd04dd237c01",
+                            "value": "d5439005-ed2c-4f77-be9b-18e825b83a41"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.value) < 1.0",
+                                "value": "#440154"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.value) > 20.0",
+                                "value": "#fde725"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "cca606e1-2622-5fd8-bde3-8ea997c9e79e"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..367a53d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "f24e68c6-200c-4441-8c20-37dcb9758c5b",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_9a88a1d0-53d7-497e-a5d4-e612ba7759f1",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "f24e68c6-200c-4441-8c20-37dcb9758c5b",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["value"],
+                        "ops": ["max"],
+                        "as": ["value"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 2.0) / (4.0 - 2.0), 0, 1)",
+                        "as": "fe77b431-471f-4f58-9143-b3fdbb81d24b"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_99cb7335-7d2e-43e1-b0b4-dba12158de2a",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_9a88a1d0-53d7-497e-a5d4-e612ba7759f1",
+                    "field": "fe77b431-471f-4f58-9143-b3fdbb81d24b"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_99cb7335-7d2e-43e1-b0b4-dba12158de2a",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_9a88a1d0-53d7-497e-a5d4-e612ba7759f1"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_99cb7335-7d2e-43e1-b0b4-dba12158de2a",
+                            "value": "fe77b431-471f-4f58-9143-b3fdbb81d24b"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.value) < 2.0",
+                                "value": "#000000"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.value) > 4.0",
+                                "value": "#808080"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "31584187-588f-5769-b393-edd0730253af"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e7061038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "d5d943ac-1d68-4a64-8dbd-30a6472c5929",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_a00043bc-e062-4f29-b28d-850351bed71b",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "d5d943ac-1d68-4a64-8dbd-30a6472c5929",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["value"],
+                        "ops": ["max"],
+                        "as": ["value"]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "formula",
+                        "expr": "(datum.value - 2.0) / (4.0 - 2.0)",
+                        "as": "fcb9e930-f5ac-4c02-879b-b9bdcf2ce68b"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_224d59eb-cbea-435e-9210-86acfaf88182",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_a00043bc-e062-4f29-b28d-850351bed71b",
+                    "field": "fcb9e930-f5ac-4c02-879b-b9bdcf2ce68b"
+                },
+                "range": {
+                    "scheme": "viridis",
+                    "count": 256
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_224d59eb-cbea-435e-9210-86acfaf88182",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_a00043bc-e062-4f29-b28d-850351bed71b"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_224d59eb-cbea-435e-9210-86acfaf88182",
+                            "value": "fcb9e930-f5ac-4c02-879b-b9bdcf2ce68b"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.value) < 2.0",
+                                "value": "#000000"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.value) > 4.0",
+                                "value": "#808080"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "fd9eb870-535f-55ec-bfbc-5eb1a2207b8c"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_colored_shapes.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_colored_shapes.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2caee8be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_colored_shapes.json
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "205a4223-178a-471c-8c62-1ac89cace850",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_300e9c83-98ad-4adc-8e33-b028405d7087",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "205a4223-178a-471c-8c62-1ac89cace850",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_4a4b7dc6-de81-4ccb-b1f5-bf5da64ef46c",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "205a4223-178a-471c-8c62-1ac89cace850",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multipolygons_368bcc6a-0a1d-4c6c-b501-2cf7dc9b840c",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "205a4223-178a-471c-8c62-1ac89cace850",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_300e9c83-98ad-4adc-8e33-b028405d7087"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_4a4b7dc6-de81-4ccb-b1f5-bf5da64ef46c"
+                },
+                "zindex": 1,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multipolygons_368bcc6a-0a1d-4c6c-b501-2cf7dc9b840c"
+                },
+                "zindex": 2,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "34d5b766-51ed-54e6-b228-7bb13d8fea6d"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_shapes.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_shapes.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1b64a845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_shapes.json
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "7f5c3f13-540c-451b-b82c-1027c78b96f0",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_fb23125b-a71e-4b2e-916b-1d879228122c",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "7f5c3f13-540c-451b-b82c-1027c78b96f0",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_60e2553f-a6fe-4617-b6a9-164aed069beb",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "7f5c3f13-540c-451b-b82c-1027c78b96f0",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multipolygons_442f6b85-086c-42f7-af5a-19f4c9860924",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "7f5c3f13-540c-451b-b82c-1027c78b96f0",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_fb23125b-a71e-4b2e-916b-1d879228122c"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_60e2553f-a6fe-4617-b6a9-164aed069beb"
+                },
+                "zindex": 1,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multipolygons_442f6b85-086c-42f7-af5a-19f4c9860924"
+                },
+                "zindex": 2,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "f010839a-dfdc-531d-bf8f-b01b17f53b90"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_colored_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_colored_outline.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d0cdf8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_colored_outline.json
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "b8524803-d1d6-4435-b38c-10bda92cfb3c",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_27c0a723-98e7-4bb1-9b27-684992d38566",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "b8524803-d1d6-4435-b38c-10bda92cfb3c",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_27c0a723-98e7-4bb1-9b27-684992d38566"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 1.5
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "715bd498-2f4c-5976-a4ab-9871bde47282"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_diff_alpha_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_diff_alpha_outline.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..15cf4d60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_diff_alpha_outline.json
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "020be3e6-b83e-4750-98ce-798777208495",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_f73adae1-8ff9-4bbd-8cdf-068501b1ca72",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "020be3e6-b83e-4750-98ce-798777208495",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_f73adae1-8ff9-4bbd-8cdf-068501b1ca72"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#000000"
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 1.5
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.5
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "19a9c0b0-0710-53b7-8569-1d2504250f6b"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_diff_width_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_diff_width_outline.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c3eadff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_diff_width_outline.json
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "ce8f2c18-e2f8-4765-b08a-afdd56111184",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_16884a1c-57b7-48e3-85d6-33a7401980c8",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "ce8f2c18-e2f8-4765-b08a-afdd56111184",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_16884a1c-57b7-48e3-85d6-33a7401980c8"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#000000"
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 5.0
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "c6b82c47-ae51-5658-a684-7e9ad87fa771"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_different_alpha.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_different_alpha.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6a0fbaaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_different_alpha.json
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "23ddd2fd-6fce-4bc6-a61e-0c288e43e08b",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_851d287a-ac9c-477b-b9a8-c44ed440aac1",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "23ddd2fd-6fce-4bc6-a61e-0c288e43e08b",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_448beade-eb12-4971-8f5f-8246fa2b9eff",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "23ddd2fd-6fce-4bc6-a61e-0c288e43e08b",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multipolygons_069cd020-b7c3-4672-98f5-55b5e32ad178",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "23ddd2fd-6fce-4bc6-a61e-0c288e43e08b",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 137.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_851d287a-ac9c-477b-b9a8-c44ed440aac1"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.7
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_448beade-eb12-4971-8f5f-8246fa2b9eff"
+                },
+                "zindex": 1,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.7
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multipolygons_069cd020-b7c3-4672-98f5-55b5e32ad178"
+                },
+                "zindex": 2,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 0.7
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "a8190cc1-bd58-56c4-8340-e2dc2434bb68"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_outline.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73f3b751
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_outline.json
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "5b9a605c-1cf9-4b8a-9e39-434df47e14aa",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_009a0417-9db2-4c42-9631-92df181dbf54",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "5b9a605c-1cf9-4b8a-9e39-434df47e14aa",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_009a0417-9db2-4c42-9631-92df181dbf54"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#000000"
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 1.5
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "f9e173df-a025-5278-8c63-592350da3bce"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_rgb_colored_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_rgb_colored_outline.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..59326843
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_rgb_colored_outline.json
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "f26835e9-8aab-4ab6-8b67-f052fcaddd48",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_b25a638c-60d0-43d1-a844-2af3cbfeaa5d",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "f26835e9-8aab-4ab6-8b67-f052fcaddd48",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_b25a638c-60d0-43d1-a844-2af3cbfeaa5d"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#0000ff"
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 1.5
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "f89408da-a17b-58df-b713-c8d3cad3b2a0"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_rgba_colored_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_rgba_colored_outline.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d33b93d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_rgba_colored_outline.json
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "63b2022f-6b96-4c68-894d-cf2719905a50",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_b1b1ea36-31a7-4470-aa93-f60e346ac579",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "63b2022f-6b96-4c68-894d-cf2719905a50",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_b1b1ea36-31a7-4470-aa93-f60e346ac579"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#00ff00"
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 1.5
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "b03f9b9f-bfb5-5dd3-abc7-975ea5ed4c70"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_circles.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_circles.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7c959867
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_circles.json
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "78e57bd6-7699-4552-8d1e-d63962996de5",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_circles_c2e87394-bcd6-4828-8ee9-c393f797f4b8",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "78e57bd6-7699-4552-8d1e-d63962996de5",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [-580.5624257141354, -45.275966500273434],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [-204.149037642031, -623.3858457994218],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [-400, -200],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [-600, -500, -400, -300],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_circles_c2e87394-bcd6-4828-8ee9-c393f797f4b8"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#000000"
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 1.5
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "db38b25c-02f3-5e15-8cc2-f17fdb5bb1a4"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_multipolygons.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_multipolygons.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3e9b562d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_multipolygons.json
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "62ed2e0e-7954-4e32-ba5e-6efd036dbbde",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_multipolygons_79ac14b8-ec94-4bf9-9ff5-001caa0d9297",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "62ed2e0e-7954-4e32-ba5e-6efd036dbbde",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [-503.3827552451457, -373.83299073217603],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [-363.0369921097614, -599.7025350355941],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [-500, -450, -400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [-550, -500, -450, -400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_multipolygons_79ac14b8-ec94-4bf9-9ff5-001caa0d9297"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        },
+                        "stroke": {
+                            "value": "#000000"
+                        },
+                        "strokeWidth": {
+                            "value": 1.5
+                        },
+                        "strokeOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "8f19df5c-f1ca-58d7-ae3f-1ff267f6ad47"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_polygons.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_polygons.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3c156f2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_polygons.json
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "7a577ba6-3f68-4bfc-9414-b79c0c3d658e",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_03610787-9e2f-44b3-9f69-d46560a66f87",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "7a577ba6-3f68-4bfc-9414-b79c0c3d658e",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "aggregate",
+                        "field": ["*"],
+                        "ops": ["count"],
+                        "as": ["count"]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [-592.0096679034098, -117.03467315555264],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [-310.74557710724594, -668.0575932183025],
+                "range": "height"
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
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new file mode 100644
index 00000000..878b745c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_with_clip.json
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+[
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+                            "value": 1.0
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+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.value) < 2.5",
+                                "value": "#000000"
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+                                "test": "datum.value) > 3.5",
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new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6cf3576b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_without_clip.json
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+[
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+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.value) < 2.5",
+                                "value": "#000000"
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_shades_with_linear_cmap.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_shades_with_linear_cmap.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..43575dbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_shades_with_linear_cmap.json
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+[
+    {
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+            "baseline": "baseline",
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+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "gradient",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "fill": "color_d0dd5d47-1faf-44e8-bbe6-6cf1c417b5bb",
+                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+                "gradientLength": 243.2,
+                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "values": [0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0],
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+                "zindex": 0
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_6c6e6ce6-3192-4385-b75d-04f1fdec87d3"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_d0dd5d47-1faf-44e8-bbe6-6cf1c417b5bb",
+                            "value": "ba4786e0-c7d4-46bc-8988-5e0b48426372"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.value) < 1.0",
+                                "value": "#440154"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "test": "datum.value) > 20.0",
+                                "value": "#fde725"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "aea21008-1acf-574c-a1f5-bd34acf3262d"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_shapes_categorical_color.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_shapes_categorical_color.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..54547125
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_shapes_categorical_color.json
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "7f09f346-c7a4-4dc1-8216-bf8d53cf1f1e",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "b9bb444b-5de9-4d9c-b28c-ecdf50bb154c",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "7f09f346-c7a4-4dc1-8216-bf8d53cf1f1e",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_28c6b35e-06a8-4b07-b4cb-36fc6e494ff1",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "7f09f346-c7a4-4dc1-8216-bf8d53cf1f1e",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "b9bb444b-5de9-4d9c-b28c-ecdf50bb154c",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["category"],
+                        "as": ["category"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_4bdb204c-f15d-4b9f-b669-0e939e18652b",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["a", "b", "c"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_4bdb204c-f15d-4b9f-b669-0e939e18652b",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "columns": 1,
+                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 267.8405555555555,
+                "legendY": 35.95555555555558
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_28c6b35e-06a8-4b07-b4cb-36fc6e494ff1"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_4bdb204c-f15d-4b9f-b669-0e939e18652b",
+                            "field": "category"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.category)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "b31d077e-eecd-53fb-ba3c-f779f19bc620"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_shapes_coercable_categorical_color.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_shapes_coercable_categorical_color.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b8a1c598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_shapes_coercable_categorical_color.json
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+[
+    {
+        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+        "height": 320.0,
+        "width": 320.0,
+        "padding": {
+            "left": 57.599999999999994,
+            "top": 28.79999999999999,
+            "right": 12.800000000000011,
+            "bottom": 48.0
+        },
+        "title": {
+            "text": "global",
+            "orient": "top",
+            "anchor": "middle",
+            "baseline": "baseline",
+            "color": "black",
+            "font": "Arial",
+            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "fontStyle": "normal",
+            "fontWeight": "normal"
+        },
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "name": "49d67eee-d1c9-4735-9f13-84a3f285f081",
+                "url": "sdata.zarr",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "SpatialData",
+                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "1e2aeef0-0d99-4763-ab7e-f7e915538461",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                    "version": 0.1
+                },
+                "source": "49d67eee-d1c9-4735-9f13-84a3f285f081",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "table"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "blobs_polygons_5a762587-da69-4c16-a024-b403ef7be586",
+                "format": {
+                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                    "version": "0.2"
+                },
+                "source": "49d67eee-d1c9-4735-9f13-84a3f285f081",
+                "transform": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_element",
+                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "filter_cs",
+                        "expr": "global"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "type": "lookup",
+                        "from": "1e2aeef0-0d99-4763-ab7e-f7e915538461",
+                        "key": "instance_id",
+                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                        "values": ["category"],
+                        "as": ["category"],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ],
+        "scales": [
+            {
+                "name": "X_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+                "range": "width"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Y_scale",
+                "type": "linear",
+                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+                "range": "height"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "color_21ad53a3-eb0e-4679-a24f-935d8fde7fe7",
+                "type": "ordinal",
+                "domain": ["a", "b", "c"],
+                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68"]
+            }
+        ],
+        "axes": [
+            {
+                "scale": "X_scale",
+                "orient": "bottom",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 300, 400],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            },
+            {
+                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                "orient": "left",
+                "domain": true,
+                "domainOpacity": 1,
+                "domainColor": "#000000",
+                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                "grid": true,
+                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                "gridCap": "butt",
+                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "ticks": true,
+                "tickOpacity": 1,
+                "tickColor": "#000000",
+                "tickCap": "butt",
+                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+                "zindex": 1.5
+            }
+        ],
+        "legend": [
+            {
+                "type": "discrete",
+                "direction": "vertical",
+                "fill": "color_21ad53a3-eb0e-4679-a24f-935d8fde7fe7",
+                "orient": "none",
+                "columns": 1,
+                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                "labelAlign": "left",
+                "labelColor": "#000000",
+                "labelOpacity": 1,
+                "labelFont": "Arial",
+                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                "legendX": 267.8405555555555,
+                "legendY": 35.95555555555558
+            }
+        ],
+        "marks": [
+            {
+                "type": "path",
+                "from": {
+                    "data": "blobs_polygons_5a762587-da69-4c16-a024-b403ef7be586"
+                },
+                "zindex": 0,
+                "encode": {
+                    "enter": {
+                        "x": {
+                            "scale": "X_scale",
+                            "field": "x"
+                        },
+                        "y": {
+                            "scale": "Y_scale",
+                            "field": "y"
+                        },
+                        "scaleX": 1.0,
+                        "scaleY": 1.0,
+                        "fill": {
+                            "scale": "color_21ad53a3-eb0e-4679-a24f-935d8fde7fe7",
+                            "field": "category"
+                        },
+                        "fillOpacity": {
+                            "value": 1.0
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "update": {
+                        "fill": [
+                            {
+                                "test": "!isValid(datum.category)",
+                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "usermeta": {
+            "axis_uuid": "e44c0e72-0819-570d-bfe6-38c3cd4dd76a"
+        }
+    }
+]
diff --git a/tests/pl/test_render_shapes.py b/tests/pl/test_render_shapes.py
index 5ccca4f8..e3c8546e 100644
--- a/tests/pl/test_render_shapes.py
+++ b/tests/pl/test_render_shapes.py
@@ -217,6 +217,7 @@ def test_plot_can_plot_queried_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling(self, sd
         sdata_cropped.pl.render_shapes("blobs_circles", color="annotation").pl.show()
 
     def test_plot_can_color_two_shapes_elements_by_annotation(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
+        # TODO: discuss 2 color scales resulting in one legend -> array values for source?
         sdata_blobs["table"].obs["region"] = "blobs_circles"
         new_table = sdata_blobs["table"][:10].copy()
         new_table.uns["spatialdata_attrs"]["region"] = ["blobs_circles", "blobs_polygons"]
@@ -450,6 +451,7 @@ def test_plot_datashader_can_transform_circles(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
         sdata_blobs.pl.render_shapes("blobs_circles", method="datashader", outline_alpha=1.0).pl.show()
 
     def test_plot_can_do_non_matching_table(self, sdata_blobs: SpatialData):
+        # TODO: discuss isvalid logic
         table_shapes = sdata_blobs["table"][:3].copy()
         table_shapes.obs.instance_id = list(range(3))
         table_shapes.obs["region"] = "blobs_circles"

From b18ba6b363cee857f0c0c83cb614c18594057282 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Wed, 21 May 2025 13:58:56 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 50/56] update to support subplots

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py | 125 +++++++++++++++++----
 src/spatialdata_plot/config.py             |   2 +-
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py           |  57 +++++-----
 tests/conftest.py                          |   8 +-
 4 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py
index 95480491..1d686a05 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
 from matplotlib.axes import Axes
 from matplotlib.figure import Figure
+from matplotlib.text import Text
 from spatialdata import SpatialData
 
 from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.axis import create_axis_block
@@ -73,7 +76,7 @@ def create_padding_object(fig: Figure) -> dict[str, float]:
     }
 
 
-def create_title_config(ax: Axes, fig: Figure) -> dict[str, Any]:
+def create_title_config(ax: Axes, fig: Figure, suptitle: Text | None = None) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Create a vega title object for a spatialdata view configuration.
 
     Note that not all field values as obtained from matplotlib are supported by the official
@@ -85,10 +88,23 @@ def create_title_config(ax: Axes, fig: Figure) -> dict[str, Any]:
         A matplotlib Axes instance which represents one (sub)plot in a matplotlib figure.
     fig : Figure
         The matplotlib figure. The top level container for all the plot elements.
+    suptitle : Text
+        The figure title Text object. Specified in case the figure contains multiple subplots, but has a
+        figure title which is not an empty string.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dict[str, Any]
+
     """
-    title_text = ax.get_title()
-    title_obj = ax.title
-    title_font = title_obj.get_fontproperties()
+    if not suptitle:
+        title_text = ax.get_title()
+        title_obj = ax.title
+        title_font = title_obj.get_fontproperties()
+    else:
+        title_text = suptitle.get_text()
+        title_obj = suptitle
+        title_font = suptitle.get_fontproperties()
 
     return {
         "text": title_text,
@@ -233,7 +249,42 @@ def _create_data_configs(
     return data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array_full, legend_array_full
 
 
-def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, cs: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+def create_group_mark(
+    fig: Figure,
+    ax: Axes,
+    scales: list[dict[str, Any]],
+    axis_array: list[dict[str, Any]],
+    marks_array: list[dict[str, Any]],
+    legend_array: list[dict[str, Any]],
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create a Vega like groups mark object."""
+    ax_pos = ax.get_position()
+
+    encode_enter_obj = {
+        "x": {"value": ax_pos.x0 * fig.bbox.width},
+        "y": {"value": (1 - ax_pos.y1) * fig.bbox.height},
+        "width": {"value": (ax_pos.x1 - ax_pos.x0) * fig.bbox.width},
+        "height": {"value": (ax_pos.y1 - ax_pos.y0) * fig.bbox.height},
+    }
+
+    group_config = {
+        "type": "group",
+        "encode": {
+            "enter": encode_enter_obj,
+        },
+        "scales": scales,
+        "axes": axis_array,
+    }
+    if legend_array:
+        group_config["legend"] = legend_array
+    group_config["marks"] = marks_array
+
+    return group_config
+
+
+def create_viewconfig(
+    sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, cs: str, existing_config: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Create a vega like view configuration based on the spatialdata-plot visualization.
 
     Parameters
@@ -244,6 +295,8 @@ def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, cs: str) -> dic
         The figure parameters containing for example the matplotlib figure and axes.
     cs: str
         The name of the coordinate system in which the SpatialData elements were plotted.
+    existing_config : dict[str, Any]
+        Existing config to which to add a subplot. The subplot will be added mostly in the marks array in the config.
     """
     fig = fig_params.fig
     ax = fig_params.ax
@@ -254,19 +307,53 @@ def create_viewconfig(sdata: SpatialData, fig_params: FigParams, cs: str) -> dic
 
     scales = scales_array + color_scale_array if len(color_scale_array) > 0 else scales_array
 
-    viewconfig = {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": fig.bbox.height,
-        "width": fig.bbox.width,
-        "padding": create_padding_object(fig),
-        "title": create_title_config(ax, fig),
-        "data": data_array,
-        "scales": scales,
-        "axes": axis_array,
-    }
-
-    if len(legend_array) > 0:
-        viewconfig["legend"] = legend_array
-    viewconfig["marks"] = marks_array
+    if len(fig.get_axes()) == 1:
+        viewconfig = {
+            "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+            "height": fig.bbox.height,
+            "width": fig.bbox.width,
+            "padding": create_padding_object(fig),
+            "title": create_title_config(ax, fig),
+            "data": data_array,
+            "scales": scales,
+            "axes": axis_array,
+        }
+
+        if len(legend_array) > 0:
+            viewconfig["legend"] = legend_array
+        viewconfig["marks"] = marks_array
+
+    if len(fig.get_axes()) > 1:
+        ax_index = fig.get_axes().index(ax)
+
+        if not existing_config:
+            viewconfig = {
+                "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+                "height": fig.bbox.height,
+                "width": fig.bbox.width,
+                "padding": create_padding_object(fig),
+            }
+
+            # While matplotlib has an api for accessing the title object of individual axes, it does not have this for
+            # suptitle. So this here is quite hacky and we need to come up with a better way for this.
+            if fig.texts:
+                viewconfig["title"] = create_title_config(ax, fig, fig.texts[0])
+
+            viewconfig["data"] = data_array
+
+        else:
+            viewconfig = existing_config
+        for index, scale in enumerate(scales):
+            if "scale" in scale["name"]:
+                scale["name"] = f"{scale['name']}_{ax_index}"
+                axis_array[index]["scale"] = f"{scale['name']}"
+
+        if "marks" not in viewconfig:
+            viewconfig["marks"] = []
+
+        if len(viewconfig["marks"]) != ax_index:
+            raise ValueError("It seems like you are missing part of the viewconfig.")
+        group_mark = create_group_mark(fig, ax, scales, axis_array, marks_array, legend_array)
+        viewconfig["marks"].append(group_mark)
 
     return viewconfig
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/config.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/config.py
index 73ed3256..f643554c 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/config.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/config.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 # default value for the parameter store_viewconfig_in_attrs for .pl.show()
-STORE_VIEWCONFIG_IN_ATTRS = False
+STORE_VIEWCONFIG_NAME = None
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
index b4d464d3..08925ee5 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 import json
 import sys
-import uuid
 import warnings
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from copy import deepcopy
@@ -727,7 +726,7 @@ def show(
         ax: list[Axes] | Axes | None = None,
         return_ax: bool = False,
         save: str | Path | None = None,
-        store_viewconfig_in_attrs: bool | None = None,
+        store_viewconfig_name: str | None = None,
         store_viewconfig_to_disk: Path | None = None,
     ) -> sd.SpatialData:
         """
@@ -781,9 +780,9 @@ def show(
             Whether to return the axes object created.
         save :
             Path to save the plot to a file.
-        store_viewconfig_in_attrs :
-            Whether to store the view configuration in `.attrs` slot of the `SpatialData` object. It defaults to
-            `spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_IN_ATTRS`.
+        store_viewconfig_name :
+            Key name by which to store the view configuration in `.attrs["viewconfig"]` slot of the `SpatialData`
+            object. It defaults to `spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_IN_ATTRS`.
         store_viewconfig_to_disk :
             Path to store the view configuration on disk. By default, the view configuration is not stored on disk.
 
@@ -823,8 +822,8 @@ def show(
             save,
         )
 
-        if store_viewconfig_in_attrs is None:
-            store_viewconfig_in_attrs = spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_IN_ATTRS
+        if store_viewconfig_name is None:
+            store_viewconfig_name = spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_NAME
 
         sdata = self._copy()
 
@@ -871,14 +870,14 @@ def show(
 
         # Only reason for multiple coordinate systems is to show quick overview, but this would complicate the
         # view config implementation. For testing now, global is used as default.
-        if not isinstance(coordinate_systems, str) and store_viewconfig_in_attrs:
+        if not isinstance(coordinate_systems, str) and store_viewconfig_name:
             # TODO: change this when having full implementation.
             store_viewconfig_cs = "global"
             # raise ValueError("If wanting to store the view configuration. A single coordinate system must be
             # provided")
 
         if isinstance(coordinate_systems, str):
-            if store_viewconfig_in_attrs:
+            if store_viewconfig_name:
                 store_viewconfig_cs = coordinate_systems
             coordinate_systems = [coordinate_systems]
 
@@ -1081,29 +1080,31 @@ def show(
                 ax.set_xlim(x_min, x_max)
                 ax.set_ylim(y_max, y_min)  # (0, 0) is top-left
 
-        def get_current_ax_uuid(ax: Axes) -> str:
-            return str(uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, str(id(ax))))
-
-        def _concat_viewconfig(
-            old_viewconfig: list[dict[str, Any]], new_viewconfig: list[dict[str, Any]]
-        ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-            return old_viewconfig + new_viewconfig
-
-        viewconfig: list[dict[str, Any]] | None = None
-        if store_viewconfig_in_attrs or store_viewconfig_to_disk:
-            viewconfig = [create_viewconfig(sdata, fig_params, store_viewconfig_cs)]
-        if store_viewconfig_in_attrs:
+        existing_viewconfig = None
+        if store_viewconfig_name:
+            root = sdata
+            while hasattr(root, "_sdata"):
+                root = root._sdata
+                if (
+                    "viewconfigs" in root.attrs
+                    and store_viewconfig_name
+                    and store_viewconfig_name in root.attrs["viewconfigs"]
+                ):
+                    existing_viewconfig = root.attrs["viewconfigs"][store_viewconfig_name]
+
+        viewconfig: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+        if store_viewconfig_name or store_viewconfig_to_disk:
+            viewconfig = create_viewconfig(sdata, fig_params, store_viewconfig_cs, existing_viewconfig)
+        if store_viewconfig_name:
             root = sdata
             while hasattr(root, "_sdata"):
                 root = root._sdata
 
-            assert isinstance(viewconfig, list)
-            viewconfig[0]["usermeta"] = {"axis_uuid": get_current_ax_uuid(ax)}
-            if "viewconfig" not in root.attrs:
-                root.attrs["viewconfig"] = viewconfig
-            else:
-                merged_viewconfig = _concat_viewconfig(root.attrs["viewconfig"], viewconfig)
-                root.attrs["viewconfig"] = merged_viewconfig
+            if "viewconfigs" not in root.attrs:
+                root.attrs["viewconfigs"] = []
+
+            root.attrs["viewconfigs"][store_viewconfig_name] = viewconfig
+
         if store_viewconfig_to_disk:
             with open(store_viewconfig_to_disk, "w") as outfile:
                 json.dump(viewconfig, outfile)
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index a0f0b475..43990fc3 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -498,14 +498,14 @@ def save_and_compare(self, *args, **kwargs):
                 break
 
         if sdata is not None:
-            old_config = spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_IN_ATTRS
-            spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_IN_ATTRS = True
+            old_config = spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_NAME
+            spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_NAME = "test_config"
         fn(self, *args, **kwargs)
 
         if sdata is not None:
             spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_IN_ATTRS = old_config
-            if "viewconfig" in sdata.attrs:
-                viewconfig = sdata.attrs["viewconfig"]
+            if "viewconfigs" in sdata.attrs:
+                viewconfig = sdata.attrs["viewconfigs"][spatialdata_plot.config.STORE_VIEWCONFIG_NAME]
                 VIEWCONFIG_ACTUAL.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
                 with open(VIEWCONFIG_ACTUAL / f"{fig_name}.json", "w") as outfile:
                     json.dump(viewconfig, outfile, indent=4)

From 7a97b4f77ec9e1e17730a1308c2a57603160c8ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Wed, 21 May 2025 14:08:44 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 51/56] correct

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
index 08925ee5..597546bd 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
@@ -1101,7 +1101,7 @@ def show(
                 root = root._sdata
 
             if "viewconfigs" not in root.attrs:
-                root.attrs["viewconfigs"] = []
+                root.attrs["viewconfigs"] = {}
 
             root.attrs["viewconfigs"][store_viewconfig_name] = viewconfig
 

From 26252e2b92519f849d456453dcd2d91143b07464 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Wed, 21 May 2025 15:46:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 52/56] fix error due to colorbar

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py    |   8 +-
 .../Images_can_pass_cmap.json                 | 167 ---------------
 .../Images_can_pass_cmap_list.json            | 199 ------------------
 .../Images_can_pass_str_cmap.json             | 167 ---------------
 .../Images_can_pass_str_cmap_list.json        | 199 ------------------
 .../Images_can_render_image.json              | 167 ---------------
 6 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 902 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap.json
 delete mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_list.json
 delete mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap.json
 delete mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap_list.json
 delete mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_image.json

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py
index 1d686a05..8a8d943b 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py
@@ -307,7 +307,9 @@ def create_viewconfig(
 
     scales = scales_array + color_scale_array if len(color_scale_array) > 0 else scales_array
 
-    if len(fig.get_axes()) == 1:
+    # To avoid counting the colorbar axes object.
+    subplot_axes_objects = [i for i in fig.get_axes() if i.get_label() == ""]
+    if len(subplot_axes_objects) == 1:
         viewconfig = {
             "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
             "height": fig.bbox.height,
@@ -323,8 +325,8 @@ def create_viewconfig(
             viewconfig["legend"] = legend_array
         viewconfig["marks"] = marks_array
 
-    if len(fig.get_axes()) > 1:
-        ax_index = fig.get_axes().index(ax)
+    if len(subplot_axes_objects) > 1:
+        ax_index = subplot_axes_objects.index(ax)
 
         if not existing_config:
             viewconfig = {
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap.json
deleted file mode 100644
index eeaaae87..00000000
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
-        },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "618ae2df-ce0b-4de2-8599-642e1eb9e5f3",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250415"
-                }
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_image_4b5db09b-181d-4f95-9bfc-d38ed2f5b3ba",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
-                },
-                "source": "618ae2df-ce0b-4de2-8599-642e1eb9e5f3",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_image"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_scale",
-                        "expr": "full"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_channel",
-                        "expr": null
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_bbdbc56d-9ac8-4a8c-8176-aef96af1c18b",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_4b5db09b-181d-4f95-9bfc-d38ed2f5b3ba",
-                    "field": "value"
-                },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "seismic",
-                    "count": 256
-                }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "raster_image",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_4b5db09b-181d-4f95-9bfc-d38ed2f5b3ba"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "opacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_bbdbc56d-9ac8-4a8c-8176-aef96af1c18b",
-                                "value": "value"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "1a13b428-0012-571b-b56c-43a1552ddbdc"
-        }
-    }
-]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_list.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_list.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 15c71f1f..00000000
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_list.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,199 +0,0 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
-        },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "6dddd0c6-d18a-4f68-ba2d-cd0544e5d1f9",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250415"
-                }
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_image_4b2436d5-3d56-4618-b6b3-fdd4b306a344",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
-                },
-                "source": "6dddd0c6-d18a-4f68-ba2d-cd0544e5d1f9",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_image"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_scale",
-                        "expr": "full"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_channel",
-                        "expr": null
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_68df9a72-7768-47d6-b15b-935d41905b2d",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_4b2436d5-3d56-4618-b6b3-fdd4b306a344",
-                    "field": "channel_0"
-                },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "seismic",
-                    "count": 256
-                }
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_32fce90e-82bf-4408-a94f-1647827a9aa0",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_4b2436d5-3d56-4618-b6b3-fdd4b306a344",
-                    "field": "channel_1"
-                },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "Reds",
-                    "count": 256
-                }
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_5b397def-2357-4041-8bb2-b3d5249d5a41",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_4b2436d5-3d56-4618-b6b3-fdd4b306a344",
-                    "field": "channel_2"
-                },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "Blues",
-                    "count": 256
-                }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "raster_image",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_4b2436d5-3d56-4618-b6b3-fdd4b306a344"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "opacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_68df9a72-7768-47d6-b15b-935d41905b2d",
-                                "field": "channel_0"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_32fce90e-82bf-4408-a94f-1647827a9aa0",
-                                "field": "channel_1"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_5b397def-2357-4041-8bb2-b3d5249d5a41",
-                                "field": "channel_2"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
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-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "1937985d-7ef9-5ffc-b33e-e352723d8da2"
-        }
-    }
-]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 200781f4..00000000
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
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-        },
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
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-        "data": [
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-                "transform": [
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-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_image"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
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-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_scale",
-                        "expr": "full"
-                    },
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-                        "type": "filter_channel",
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-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
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-                "range": "height"
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-            {
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-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_f2023937-f7cf-4f48-b32b-1cb59f258644",
-                    "field": "value"
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-                "range": {
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-                    "count": 256
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-        "axes": [
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-                "scale": "X_scale",
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-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
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-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
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-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
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-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
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-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
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-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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-                "tickCap": "butt",
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-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
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-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "raster_image",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_f2023937-f7cf-4f48-b32b-1cb59f258644"
-                },
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-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
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-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_3fe2d8fb-3d3e-48a9-9453-0eeefc82d1cf",
-                                "value": "value"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
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-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "4abfb043-e957-52d7-a20c-2e44d0f09148"
-        }
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-]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap_list.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap_list.json
deleted file mode 100644
index fb3546db..00000000
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap_list.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,199 +0,0 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
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-        "scales": [
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-                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
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-                "name": "Y_scale",
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-                "range": "height"
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-                "domain": {
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-                    "field": "channel_0"
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-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "seismic",
-                    "count": 256
-                }
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_af611f7e-f600-44ad-b72f-e464558633d6",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
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-                    "field": "channel_1"
-                },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "Reds",
-                    "count": 256
-                }
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_c2ed37e4-a051-4ac5-9591-15d22ab0ca4a",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_f3d3baed-66d9-480f-8fb6-6acfcc5daf9d",
-                    "field": "channel_2"
-                },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "Blues",
-                    "count": 256
-                }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
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-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
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-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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-        "marks": [
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-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_f3d3baed-66d9-480f-8fb6-6acfcc5daf9d"
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-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
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-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_7faaedbf-ad06-4c14-a8bb-987412bccfdb",
-                                "field": "channel_0"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_af611f7e-f600-44ad-b72f-e464558633d6",
-                                "field": "channel_1"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_c2ed37e4-a051-4ac5-9591-15d22ab0ca4a",
-                                "field": "channel_2"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
-                }
-            }
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-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "d774872a-6947-570c-9566-80f668ab0cb9"
-        }
-    }
-]
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_image.json
deleted file mode 100644
index a25cdd12..00000000
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_image.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
-        },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "c1e9dc90-4b40-4773-a20d-e5e0b5cd7785",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250324"
-                }
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_image_177f9ae8-9150-47d6-ba81-c5c624fdbd2a",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
-                },
-                "source": "c1e9dc90-4b40-4773-a20d-e5e0b5cd7785",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_image"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_scale",
-                        "expr": "full"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_channel",
-                        "expr": null
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_5762c824-6494-4bd6-be18-315bd971fa3b",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_177f9ae8-9150-47d6-ba81-c5c624fdbd2a",
-                    "field": "value"
-                },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "viridis",
-                    "count": 256
-                }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1.0,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
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-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "raster_image",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_177f9ae8-9150-47d6-ba81-c5c624fdbd2a"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "opacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_5762c824-6494-4bd6-be18-315bd971fa3b",
-                                "value": "value"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "0bfb55b4-ef99-5eaf-bdf8-d0e42d531ff5"
-        }
-    }
-]

From 61da73abf00f95068b333494469168c717d05593 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Fri, 23 May 2025 17:31:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 53/56] support subplots

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py    |   30 +-
 src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py      |   13 +
 .../Images_can_do_rasterization.json          |  309 +++--
 .../Images_can_pass_cmap.json                 |  162 +++
 .../Images_can_pass_cmap_list.json            |  194 +++
 .../Images_can_pass_cmap_to_each_channel.json |  365 +++--
 ...mages_can_pass_cmap_to_single_channel.json |  359 +++--
 ...Images_can_pass_color_to_each_channel.json |  365 +++--
 ...ages_can_pass_color_to_single_channel.json |  359 +++--
 .../Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_False.json |  369 +++--
 .../Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_True.json  |  369 +++--
 ...an_pass_normalize_clip_true_list_cmap.json |  375 +++--
 .../Images_can_pass_str_cmap.json             |  162 +++
 .../Images_can_pass_str_cmap_list.json        |  194 +++
 ...an_render_a_single_channel_from_image.json |  359 +++--
 ..._single_channel_from_multiscale_image.json |  359 +++--
 ...ender_a_single_channel_str_from_image.json |  359 +++--
 ...gle_channel_str_from_multiscale_image.json |  359 +++--
 ...ender_given_scale_of_multiscale_image.json |  309 +++--
 .../Images_can_render_image.json              |  162 +++
 .../Images_can_render_multiscale_image.json   |  309 +++--
 ...der_multiscale_image_with_custom_cmap.json |  359 +++--
 ...es_can_render_two_channels_from_image.json |  335 +++--
 ...er_two_channels_from_multiscale_image.json |  335 +++--
 ...an_render_two_channels_str_from_image.json |  335 +++--
 ...wo_channels_str_from_multiscale_image.json |  335 +++--
 .../Images_can_stack_render_images.json       |  505 ++++---
 .../Images_can_stick_to_zorder.json           |  651 +++++----
 ...an_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json |  309 +++--
 ..._can_annotate_labels_with_table_layer.json |  443 +++---
 ..._color_labels_by_categorical_variable.json |  425 +++---
 ...y_categorical_variable_in_other_table.json | 1212 +++++++++--------
 ...n_color_labels_by_continuous_variable.json |  439 +++---
 ...bels_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json |  445 +++---
 ...abels_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json |  445 +++---
 .../Labels_can_control_label_infill.json      |  439 +++---
 .../Labels_can_control_label_outline.json     |  439 +++---
 .../Labels_can_do_rasterization.json          |  319 +++--
 ...can_plot_with_one_element_color_table.json |  665 +++++----
 ...nder_given_scale_of_multiscale_labels.json |  319 +++--
 .../Labels_can_render_labels.json             |  319 +++--
 .../Labels_can_render_multiscale_labels.json  |  319 +++--
 .../Labels_can_stack_render_labels.json       |  389 +++---
 ...an_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json |  319 +++--
 .../Labels_label_categorical_color.json       |  425 +++---
 ...uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_infill.json |  439 +++---
 ...ses_alpha_of_less_transparent_outline.json |  439 +++---
 ...set_categorical_label_maintains_order.json |  884 ++++++------
 ...aintains_order_when_palette_overwrite.json |  884 ++++++------
 ...with_coloring_result_in_two_colorbars.json |  665 +++++----
 tests/conftest.py                             |    2 +-
 51 files changed, 10236 insertions(+), 9443 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_list.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap_list.json
 create mode 100644 tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_image.json

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py
index 8a8d943b..129106d3 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/config.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
     create_raster_label_marks_object,
     create_shapes_marks_object,
 )
-from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.misc import VegaAlignment, strip_call
+from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.misc import VegaAlignment, VegaTextBaseline, strip_call
 from spatialdata_plot._viewconfig.scales import (
     create_axis_scale_array,
     create_colorscale_array_image,
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def create_title_config(ax: Axes, fig: Figure, suptitle: Text | None = None) ->
         "text": title_text,
         "orient": "top",  # there is not really a nice conversion here of matplotlib to vega
         "anchor": VegaAlignment.from_matplotlib(title_obj.get_horizontalalignment()),
-        "baseline": title_obj.get_va(),
+        "baseline": VegaTextBaseline.from_matplotlib(title_obj.get_va()),
         "color": title_obj.get_color(),
         "font": title_obj.get_fontname(),
         "fontSize": (title_font.get_size() * fig.dpi) / 72,
@@ -249,6 +249,30 @@ def _create_data_configs(
     return data_array, marks_array, color_scale_array_full, legend_array_full
 
 
+def create_subtitle_config(fig: Figure, ax: Axes) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    """Create text mark for subplot title text."""
+    title_text_mark = None
+    if ax.get_title():
+        title_encode_enter_obj = create_title_config(ax, fig)
+        title_encode_enter_obj["align"] = {"value": ax.title.properties()["horizontalalignment"]}
+        for key, value in title_encode_enter_obj.items():
+            title_encode_enter_obj[key] = {"value": value}
+        del title_encode_enter_obj["anchor"]
+        del title_encode_enter_obj["orient"]
+
+        renderer = fig.canvas.get_renderer()
+        bbox = ax.title.get_window_extent(renderer=renderer)
+        title_encode_enter_obj["x"] = {"value": bbox.x0}
+        title_encode_enter_obj["y"] = {"value": fig.bbox.height - bbox.y1}
+        title_encode_enter_obj["linebreak"] = {"value": "\n"}
+        title_text_mark = {
+            "type": "text",
+            "encode": {"enter": title_encode_enter_obj},
+            "zindex": ax.title.properties()["zorder"],
+        }
+    return title_text_mark
+
+
 def create_group_mark(
     fig: Figure,
     ax: Axes,
@@ -356,6 +380,8 @@ def create_viewconfig(
         if len(viewconfig["marks"]) != ax_index:
             raise ValueError("It seems like you are missing part of the viewconfig.")
         group_mark = create_group_mark(fig, ax, scales, axis_array, marks_array, legend_array)
+        if title_text_mark := create_subtitle_config(fig, ax):
+            group_mark["marks"].append(title_text_mark)
         viewconfig["marks"].append(group_mark)
 
     return viewconfig
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py
index ac6ff222..f0c1bc19 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/_viewconfig/misc.py
@@ -15,6 +15,19 @@ def from_matplotlib(cls, alignment: str) -> str:
         return mapping.get(alignment, cls.CENTER).value
 
 
+class VegaTextBaseline(Enum):
+    ALPHABETIC = "alphabetic"
+    TOP = "top"
+    MIDDLE = "middle"
+    BOTTOM = "bottom"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_matplotlib(cls, alignment: str) -> str:
+        """Convert Matplotlib horizontal alignment to Vega alignment."""
+        mapping = {"baseline": cls.ALPHABETIC, "top": cls.TOP, "center": cls.MIDDLE, "bottom": cls.BOTTOM}
+        return mapping.get(alignment, cls.MIDDLE).value
+
+
 def _count_trailing(num: float) -> int | None:
     str_num = str(num)
     if "." in str_num:
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_do_rasterization.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_do_rasterization.json
index bf3df851..bff641e5 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_do_rasterization.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_do_rasterization.json
@@ -1,167 +1,162 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "310f27ee-6454-459b-8f5e-4e16b623c0e0",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "c1ad6e92-bdb2-4bb4-bd65-caf36ff21609",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_giant_image_83d630c4-742c-4760-8689-cfc36982f767",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_giant_image_3d54d789-b359-4cdc-b0f9-6b61bcf55472",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "310f27ee-6454-459b-8f5e-4e16b623c0e0",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_giant_image"
                 },
-                "source": "c1ad6e92-bdb2-4bb4-bd65-caf36ff21609",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_giant_image"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_scale",
-                        "expr": "full"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_channel",
-                        "expr": null
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [0.0, 3072.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [3072.0, 0.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_6d9c9f78-afec-41c8-859b-c862bdf16bf8",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_giant_image_3d54d789-b359-4cdc-b0f9-6b61bcf55472",
-                    "field": "value"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "viridis",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_channel",
+                    "expr": null
                 }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 1000, 2000, 3000],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 3072.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3072.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_479b979e-0b64-4446-a073-f289ec0964e1",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_giant_image_83d630c4-742c-4760-8689-cfc36982f767",
+                "field": "value"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "viridis",
+                "count": 256
             }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "raster_image",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_giant_image_3d54d789-b359-4cdc-b0f9-6b61bcf55472"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "opacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_6d9c9f78-afec-41c8-859b-c862bdf16bf8",
-                                "value": "value"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 1000, 2000, 3000],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_image",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_giant_image_83d630c4-742c-4760-8689-cfc36982f767"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "opacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_479b979e-0b64-4446-a073-f289ec0964e1",
+                            "value": "value"
+                        }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "e228fd3a-5d97-5b42-932a-14df5ad2275b"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3f565a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap.json
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "30b4723b-6fdd-47a0-ada8-02c234753830",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_image_2c487a3f-2f46-4885-905c-ddfe5987f64d",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
+            },
+            "source": "30b4723b-6fdd-47a0-ada8-02c234753830",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_image"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_channel",
+                    "expr": null
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_bd3c8928-d083-43cb-8670-0e5b916f4cc9",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_2c487a3f-2f46-4885-905c-ddfe5987f64d",
+                "field": "value"
+            },
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "seismic",
+                "count": 256
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_image",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_2c487a3f-2f46-4885-905c-ddfe5987f64d"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "opacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_bd3c8928-d083-43cb-8670-0e5b916f4cc9",
+                            "value": "value"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_list.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_list.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..463a3ca9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_list.json
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "a519d139-5392-47b9-aff5-079685d4568e",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_image_41c16b24-ac13-41c6-888c-2e9c92855e0e",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
+            },
+            "source": "a519d139-5392-47b9-aff5-079685d4568e",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_image"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_channel",
+                    "expr": null
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_2a75c363-1747-49a9-9687-8cca885df3ae",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_41c16b24-ac13-41c6-888c-2e9c92855e0e",
+                "field": "channel_0"
+            },
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "seismic",
+                "count": 256
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_fd4dddce-e36e-4f74-818a-2e75410b35c9",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_41c16b24-ac13-41c6-888c-2e9c92855e0e",
+                "field": "channel_1"
+            },
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "Reds",
+                "count": 256
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_3431d881-65e8-4f30-afe2-a376ed765ec3",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_41c16b24-ac13-41c6-888c-2e9c92855e0e",
+                "field": "channel_2"
+            },
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+                "count": 256
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
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+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
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+            "grid": true,
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+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+            "labelFont": "Arial",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+            "tickColor": "#000000",
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+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
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+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
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+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+            "labelFont": "Arial",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
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+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
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+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_41c16b24-ac13-41c6-888c-2e9c92855e0e"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
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+                    },
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_2a75c363-1747-49a9-9687-8cca885df3ae",
+                            "field": "channel_0"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_fd4dddce-e36e-4f74-818a-2e75410b35c9",
+                            "field": "channel_1"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_3431d881-65e8-4f30-afe2-a376ed765ec3",
+                            "field": "channel_2"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_each_channel.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_each_channel.json
index f3bfb5a1..69c96565 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_each_channel.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_each_channel.json
@@ -1,199 +1,194 @@
-[
-    {
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "5a0bb292-f260-4cbd-b3e0-47af4aba90ee",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_image_4b0bddae-3ec9-47e8-b8b2-6347a616addb",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.2"
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "5a0bb292-f260-4cbd-b3e0-47af4aba90ee",
+            "transform": [
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                 },
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-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_06772d4a-ba12-4951-99ef-f3a10771de9a",
-                    "field": "channel_0"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "range": {
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-            {
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-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_06772d4a-ba12-4951-99ef-f3a10771de9a",
-                    "field": "channel_1"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "Greens",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_channel",
+                    "expr": [0, 1, 2]
                 }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
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+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+            "range": "width"
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+            "type": "linear",
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-                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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-                "encode": {
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+        {
+            "name": "color_5f9f8ab3-fef5-4769-8234-9cc992ada633",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_4b0bddae-3ec9-47e8-b8b2-6347a616addb",
+                "field": "channel_2"
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+                "count": 256
+            }
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+    "axes": [
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+            "orient": "bottom",
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+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
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+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
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+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
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+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+            "from": {
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+            "encode": {
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+                    },
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_92ab80f1-bed8-4fbc-89b5-577a017537dd",
+                            "field": "channel_0"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_29e1b005-ce0b-43ea-a493-5d9ebd2932db",
+                            "field": "channel_1"
                         },
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_dbd18e2b-50e8-4bca-ac4f-33d26f0f99a1",
-                                "field": "channel_0"
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-                                "field": "channel_1"
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-                                "field": "channel_2"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_5f9f8ab3-fef5-4769-8234-9cc992ada633",
+                            "field": "channel_2"
+                        }
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                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "f8fdd4b4-7e46-53cd-9e67-f9acbf3b2ebd"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_single_channel.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_single_channel.json
index 63c7c151..273e4060 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_single_channel.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_cmap_to_single_channel.json
@@ -1,192 +1,187 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
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+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
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-                "format": {
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-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
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+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.2"
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "1cfd0773-9e4b-4648-873b-dc2de16dac79",
+            "transform": [
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+                    "expr": "blobs_image"
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-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_e6c332dc-cac7-4f17-8304-fefcf3fc35b2",
-                    "field": "value"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "Reds",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_channel",
+                    "expr": [1]
                 }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
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-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_2b265a69-5444-4a45-8c48-58992831d857",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_69c900bf-5fb9-49d9-beeb-ec427033c897",
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_each_channel.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_each_channel.json
index 186746a2..114172ba 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_each_channel.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_each_channel.json
@@ -1,199 +1,194 @@
-[
-    {
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-        "width": 320.0,
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
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+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
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+    "data": [
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+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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-                "format": {
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-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_image_630d6c03-37fc-4649-aaaf-d3d3e3a76ad7",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.2"
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-                "format": {
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+            "source": "e3ed7e3d-c431-401e-9016-96758d66ed26",
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-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_21b60667-3779-4533-a5a2-d08d5d3d85ee",
-                    "field": "channel_0"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
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-                    "count": 256
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-            },
-            {
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-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_21b60667-3779-4533-a5a2-d08d5d3d85ee",
-                    "field": "channel_1"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "green",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_channel",
+                    "expr": [0, 1, 2]
                 }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
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+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+            "range": "width"
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+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
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+            "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
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+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
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-                    "field": "channel_2"
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-                "range": {
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+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_a3f8b7d7-7e9e-48aa-b998-e6e6f15da4bf",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_630d6c03-37fc-4649-aaaf-d3d3e3a76ad7",
+                "field": "channel_1"
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-                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+            "range": {
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             }
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-                "encode": {
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+        {
+            "name": "color_fc2bb56c-d9f6-4903-b421-e884d7ccf4b9",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_630d6c03-37fc-4649-aaaf-d3d3e3a76ad7",
+                "field": "channel_2"
+            },
+            "range": {
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+                "count": 256
+            }
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+    ],
+    "axes": [
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+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
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+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
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+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
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+            "tickCap": "butt",
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+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_630d6c03-37fc-4649-aaaf-d3d3e3a76ad7"
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+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
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+                    },
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_b081d115-aff5-4522-80ed-08e136a620aa",
+                            "field": "channel_0"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_a3f8b7d7-7e9e-48aa-b998-e6e6f15da4bf",
+                            "field": "channel_1"
                         },
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_624da7f3-22b5-474c-a8be-5e96e7ecfe55",
-                                "field": "channel_0"
-                            },
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-                                "field": "channel_1"
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-                                "scale": "color_39e05901-104c-42a0-bd8d-af16385852df",
-                                "field": "channel_2"
-                            }
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-                    }
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_fc2bb56c-d9f6-4903-b421-e884d7ccf4b9",
+                            "field": "channel_2"
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-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "6fd40027-90c5-5ebf-82f6-539e62ff78f6"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_single_channel.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_single_channel.json
index c574ade0..1f3a2dc3 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_single_channel.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_color_to_single_channel.json
@@ -1,192 +1,187 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "5e7d03da-0619-4b9e-8f37-74ebcb652893",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
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-                "format": {
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-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
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+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.2"
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "5e7d03da-0619-4b9e-8f37-74ebcb652893",
+            "transform": [
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+                    "expr": "blobs_image"
                 },
-                "source": "edf683b1-b910-4334-a7c5-b91163e5b92a",
-                "transform": [
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-                        "expr": "global"
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-                        "expr": "full"
-                    },
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-                        "expr": [1]
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-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_image_3d099333-2c05-47ee-a6aa-a9ba6ea0e5af",
-                    "field": "value"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "red",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_channel",
+                    "expr": [1]
                 }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
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-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
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-                "ticks": true,
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index ea95e08c..99f67c6e 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_False.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_False.json
@@ -1,197 +1,192 @@
-[
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_True.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_True.json
index 24e8143d..ba8e48bb 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_True.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_True.json
@@ -1,197 +1,192 @@
-[
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_true_list_cmap.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_true_list_cmap.json
index a0d3b81d..58da2fc3 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_true_list_cmap.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_normalize_clip_true_list_cmap.json
@@ -1,204 +1,199 @@
-[
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+                            "field": "channel_0"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_55ff1948-3d0d-4303-a66f-622a691cb1f7",
+                            "field": "channel_1"
                         },
-                        "fill": [
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-                                "field": "channel_2"
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+                        {
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         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..921f4892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap.json
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
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+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "cc751d12-3acf-4dce-9d86-f9acc839b7e4",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_image_b0eb61d1-6a68-4eae-95a4-f932d38aceb8",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
+            },
+            "source": "cc751d12-3acf-4dce-9d86-f9acc839b7e4",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_image"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_channel",
+                    "expr": null
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
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+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_7af2ffd9-b145-4b82-9998-7f745c0220ee",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_b0eb61d1-6a68-4eae-95a4-f932d38aceb8",
+                "field": "value"
+            },
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "seismic",
+                "count": 256
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
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+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_b0eb61d1-6a68-4eae-95a4-f932d38aceb8"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
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+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_7af2ffd9-b145-4b82-9998-7f745c0220ee",
+                            "value": "value"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap_list.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap_list.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e50df4ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_pass_str_cmap_list.json
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
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+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "89b3fc99-ebd9-4498-886f-b318cd660b57",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_image_0c014e37-b257-49cf-9a55-d701fdb77b96",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
+            },
+            "source": "89b3fc99-ebd9-4498-886f-b318cd660b57",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_image"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_channel",
+                    "expr": null
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_5d9a1b9e-f59f-4804-a739-d996a34a9ee3",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_0c014e37-b257-49cf-9a55-d701fdb77b96",
+                "field": "channel_0"
+            },
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "seismic",
+                "count": 256
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_ea5038c8-5eea-49c4-9415-a1a11fd1f47e",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_0c014e37-b257-49cf-9a55-d701fdb77b96",
+                "field": "channel_1"
+            },
+            "range": {
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+                "count": 256
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_a606ee59-7a0a-429c-9631-0ee3c6ad2ccd",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_0c014e37-b257-49cf-9a55-d701fdb77b96",
+                "field": "channel_2"
+            },
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "Blues",
+                "count": 256
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_image",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_0c014e37-b257-49cf-9a55-d701fdb77b96"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "opacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_5d9a1b9e-f59f-4804-a739-d996a34a9ee3",
+                            "field": "channel_0"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_ea5038c8-5eea-49c4-9415-a1a11fd1f47e",
+                            "field": "channel_1"
+                        },
+                        {
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+                            "field": "channel_2"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_from_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_from_image.json
index b036a600..492d42cd 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_from_image.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_from_image.json
@@ -1,192 +1,187 @@
-[
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-            "color": "black",
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+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
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+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
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-                "domain": {
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-                "range": {
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-                    "count": 256
+                {
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index 72c25b17..d067307f 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_from_multiscale_image.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_from_multiscale_image.json
@@ -1,192 +1,187 @@
-[
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_str_from_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_str_from_image.json
index 673393f3..223ebf0d 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_str_from_image.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_str_from_image.json
@@ -1,192 +1,187 @@
-[
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_str_from_multiscale_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_str_from_multiscale_image.json
index 56a806cc..1952e7d6 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_str_from_multiscale_image.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_a_single_channel_str_from_multiscale_image.json
@@ -1,192 +1,187 @@
-[
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_image.json
index a284d677..e0b952c9 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_image.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_image.json
@@ -1,167 +1,162 @@
-[
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+{
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+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_image",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_cbc68b20-0373-4e7e-b03b-021f929292e6"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "opacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_6bbd2fcc-2048-41e5-8f94-5a82261da007",
+                            "value": "value"
+                        }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "b8525270-3b08-5ee5-a0da-211736cdcd92"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_image.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ca349be2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_image.json
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "bc697316-1f4f-4852-95dd-2ebcc36a5a7b",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_image_ba193f43-8eb8-4ab0-99c0-283719f658a4",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
+            },
+            "source": "bc697316-1f4f-4852-95dd-2ebcc36a5a7b",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_image"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_channel",
+                    "expr": null
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_10c9c707-f3e1-4273-be00-49ad57c44da9",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_ba193f43-8eb8-4ab0-99c0-283719f658a4",
+                "field": "value"
+            },
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "viridis",
+                "count": 256
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_image",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_image_ba193f43-8eb8-4ab0-99c0-283719f658a4"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "opacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_10c9c707-f3e1-4273-be00-49ad57c44da9",
+                            "value": "value"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image.json
index 9d41083e..3a0b4d80 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image.json
@@ -1,167 +1,162 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "fca0896d-55a1-4f0c-ae3d-30748c67aa9a",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "8123869d-5833-4634-b023-7b83c0170371",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_75a801cf-b82f-443b-bfca-4917b3a4567b",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_a8fedc1c-a0c5-4123-8f44-3d0de94ddcb2",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "fca0896d-55a1-4f0c-ae3d-30748c67aa9a",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_multiscale_image"
                 },
-                "source": "8123869d-5833-4634-b023-7b83c0170371",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_multiscale_image"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_scale",
-                        "expr": "full"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_channel",
-                        "expr": null
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_6a308c45-a705-4432-aae9-e663b0fabc6a",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_a8fedc1c-a0c5-4123-8f44-3d0de94ddcb2",
-                    "field": "value"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "viridis",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_channel",
+                    "expr": null
                 }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_b0792709-3fe3-447b-a882-af004a788e12",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_75a801cf-b82f-443b-bfca-4917b3a4567b",
+                "field": "value"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "viridis",
+                "count": 256
             }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "raster_image",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_a8fedc1c-a0c5-4123-8f44-3d0de94ddcb2"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "opacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_6a308c45-a705-4432-aae9-e663b0fabc6a",
-                                "value": "value"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_image",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_75a801cf-b82f-443b-bfca-4917b3a4567b"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "opacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_b0792709-3fe3-447b-a882-af004a788e12",
+                            "value": "value"
+                        }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "217f0086-2a6c-57bd-9902-e4482d0528d8"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image_with_custom_cmap.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image_with_custom_cmap.json
index c6a1d004..732dcce9 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image_with_custom_cmap.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_multiscale_image_with_custom_cmap.json
@@ -1,192 +1,187 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "43ed4d7b-b39c-476f-b492-e29ab0b537e5",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "1f90f262-66a2-4d85-a5d0-43c136fa7771",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_22c88290-dd1f-47dd-9219-bcae514b2c5b",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_multiscale_image_25adc079-ce67-4291-964e-842f7a5e2cc9",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "43ed4d7b-b39c-476f-b492-e29ab0b537e5",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_multiscale_image"
                 },
-                "source": "1f90f262-66a2-4d85-a5d0-43c136fa7771",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_multiscale_image"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_scale",
-                        "expr": "scale2"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_channel",
-                        "expr": [0]
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_ff95b421-d4c7-4630-a0e7-470734577891",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_image_25adc079-ce67-4291-964e-842f7a5e2cc9",
-                    "field": "value"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "Greys",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "scale2"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_channel",
+                    "expr": [0]
                 }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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index 35c2e340..17985c70 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_image.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_image.json
@@ -1,183 +1,178 @@
-[
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_multiscale_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_multiscale_image.json
index c49b8ef6..45830102 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_multiscale_image.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_from_multiscale_image.json
@@ -1,183 +1,178 @@
-[
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+                        {
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_image.json
index 85939710..79b1f147 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_image.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_image.json
@@ -1,183 +1,178 @@
-[
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_multiscale_image.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_multiscale_image.json
index 73756c50..489377ff 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_multiscale_image.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_render_two_channels_str_from_multiscale_image.json
@@ -1,183 +1,178 @@
-[
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-            "fontStyle": "normal",
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+{
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+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
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+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stack_render_images.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stack_render_images.json
index 6c15a809..c714b15f 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stack_render_images.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stack_render_images.json
@@ -1,273 +1,268 @@
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stick_to_zorder.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stick_to_zorder.json
index 4e55b013..866ccbbb 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stick_to_zorder.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stick_to_zorder.json
@@ -1,360 +1,355 @@
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-                        "fill": [
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-                                "value": "value"
-                            }
-                        ]
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+            "zindex": 4,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "opacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
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+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_6e1ecf3c-e558-4319-bde0-dd4054b51883",
+                            "value": "value"
+                        }
+                    ]
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-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "df82fb18-3c1a-5887-b764-365dcbdd9385"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json
index 7e3ab231..be1df037 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Images_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json
@@ -1,167 +1,162 @@
-[
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-        "padding": {
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
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+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
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+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "2cdd9e63-38e2-4d06-a449-a236fb828aa3",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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-                "format": {
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-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
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+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.2"
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "2cdd9e63-38e2-4d06-a449-a236fb828aa3",
+            "transform": [
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+                    "expr": "blobs_giant_image"
                 },
-                "source": "faf8d241-2f6c-4729-836b-c14028d22fd5",
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-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_giant_image_05bc1c72-d646-4974-8096-7abc3654e356",
-                    "field": "value"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
                 },
-                "range": {
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-                    "count": 256
+                {
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+                    "expr": null
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-        ],
-        "axes": [
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-                "values": [0, 1000, 2000, 3000],
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+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
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+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 3072.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3072.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_ec0ae51e-e677-467e-9268-93af907100f0",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
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-                                "value": "value"
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+    "axes": [
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+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
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+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
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+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000],
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+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_image",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_giant_image_00816b4e-df7d-401d-a590-623139665e4e"
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+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
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+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "fill": [
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+                            "scale": "color_ec0ae51e-e677-467e-9268-93af907100f0",
+                            "value": "value"
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-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "8407b6de-1716-54b5-b48c-803732f4475c"
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_annotate_labels_with_table_layer.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_annotate_labels_with_table_layer.json
index 2613f836..29efecc4 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_annotate_labels_with_table_layer.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_annotate_labels_with_table_layer.json
@@ -1,239 +1,234 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
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-        "padding": {
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
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+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
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+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
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-                "format": {
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-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
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+            "format": {
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+                "version": 0.1
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "508c0d93-5996-49a6-b67c-1f5992327e6e",
+            "transform": [
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+                    "expr": "table"
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-                        "expr": "table"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_layer",
-                        "expr": "normalized"
-                    }
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+                {
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+                    "expr": "normalized"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
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+            "fill": "color_813c1063-5d20-4cb5-a4e7-a2624c981c3c",
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+                            "scale": "color_813c1063-5d20-4cb5-a4e7-a2624c981c3c",
+                            "value": "channel_0_sum"
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+                    "fill": [
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+                            "scale": "color_813c1063-5d20-4cb5-a4e7-a2624c981c3c",
+                            "value": "channel_0_sum"
                         }
+                    ],
+                    "fillOpacity": {
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-                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
-                                "scale": "color_05d72bf6-5e72-4cc8-a904-a20b0adfaa42",
-                                "field": "channel_0_sum"
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+                            "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                            "scale": "color_813c1063-5d20-4cb5-a4e7-a2624c981c3c",
+                            "field": "channel_0_sum"
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_categorical_variable.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_categorical_variable.json
index 0aacc850..c1b10451 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_categorical_variable.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_categorical_variable.json
@@ -1,229 +1,224 @@
-[
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+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
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-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+        {
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+                "version": 0.1
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+            "transform": [
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+                    "expr": "table"
                 }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_labels_2e7ab542-5440-443b-9e26-90bfdf4ac2e2",
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "0fefd8ec-6282-4244-ad12-df06477b3a01",
+            "transform": [
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+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_labels"
                 },
-                "source": "a4ada884-5631-49dd-b4cc-687afa14d2b2",
-                "transform": [
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+                {
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+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "a4ada884-5631-49dd-b4cc-687afa14d2b2",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "lookup",
+                    "from": "ab7e7fb8-5b60-412d-9c21-699402deac58",
+                    "key": "instance_id",
+                    "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                    "values": ["which_max"],
+                    "as": ["which_max"],
+                    "default": null
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+            "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
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+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_e246018a-8b16-4177-ac54-a6f98d4deaab",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": ["channel_0_sum", "channel_1_sum", "channel_2_sum"],
+            "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68"]
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
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+                            "scale": "color_e246018a-8b16-4177-ac54-a6f98d4deaab",
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+                    "fill": [
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-                                "value": "which_max"
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-                        "fillOpacity": {
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+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
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+                            "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                            "scale": "color_e246018a-8b16-4177-ac54-a6f98d4deaab",
+                            "field": "which_max"
                         },
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-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 3
+                        {
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-                    "update": {
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-                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
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-                                "field": "which_max"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
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-]
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_categorical_variable_in_other_table.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_categorical_variable_in_other_table.json
index 7dc59599..c2736bbb 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_categorical_variable_in_other_table.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_categorical_variable_in_other_table.json
@@ -1,645 +1,657 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
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+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
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+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
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+        {
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+                "version": 0.1
+            },
+            "source": "11a31e13-7858-42ff-b3c4-051a0a1a655a",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "other_table"
                 }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_multiscale_labels_03be7290-3c7e-4e9d-b2ed-4a6deb5eab60",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.2"
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-                "format": {
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-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "11a31e13-7858-42ff-b3c4-051a0a1a655a",
+            "transform": [
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+                    "expr": "blobs_multiscale_labels"
                 },
-                "source": "fe69e52f-3f3a-494d-8bc8-57d599f4b1c7",
-                "transform": [
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "scale0"
                 },
-                "source": "fe69e52f-3f3a-494d-8bc8-57d599f4b1c7",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_multiscale_labels"
+                {
+                    "type": "lookup",
+                    "from": "cbc860e1-af02-4325-95b1-2e998af6c672",
+                    "key": "instance_id",
+                    "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                    "values": ["channel_1_sum"],
+                    "as": ["channel_1_sum"],
+                    "default": null
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "group",
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+                        "update": {
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+                                    "scale": "color_f08e03c5-045b-4050-ade4-4cc468c29b7f",
+                                    "field": "which_max"
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+                            },
+                            "baseline": {
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+                            "color": {
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+                            "fontSize": {
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_continuous_variable.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_continuous_variable.json
index a242820a..ff9263cb 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_continuous_variable.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_labels_by_continuous_variable.json
@@ -1,237 +1,232 @@
-[
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+                {
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+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "gradient",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_08e37103-26f9-4924-b982-ffabdeba929c",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
+            "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
+            "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+            "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+            "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "values": [
+                0.0, 250.0, 500.0, 750.0, 1000.0, 1250.0, 1500.0, 1750.0
+            ],
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+            "legendY": 28.504005030744906,
+            "zindex": 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_label",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_labels_0942bd06-7b2f-484b-83fa-20862313ab26"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "stroke": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_08e37103-26f9-4924-b982-ffabdeba929c",
+                            "value": "channel_0_sum"
                         }
+                    ],
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_08e37103-26f9-4924-b982-ffabdeba929c",
+                            "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.4
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.0
                     },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
-                                "scale": "color_26027d75-480e-418b-99f6-43f83a6c3e4a",
-                                "field": "channel_0_sum"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
-                            }
-                        ]
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 3
                     }
+                },
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                            "scale": "color_08e37103-26f9-4924-b982-ffabdeba929c",
+                            "field": "channel_0_sum"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                        }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "52d93b1c-87e1-5344-b819-100e28a7259f"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json
index 27175e97..0a09644d 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json
@@ -1,240 +1,235 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "d25724cd-5a33-4c05-a342-57cf77fdb2b5",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "42ef66c8-0f23-423b-b8e1-eeb0ceacd30b",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+        {
+            "name": "b217e9fe-3ed9-43fa-b261-4ad1723dfcf8",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                "version": 0.1
+            },
+            "source": "d25724cd-5a33-4c05-a342-57cf77fdb2b5",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "table"
                 }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_labels_698e66d6-9acd-472f-ab12-f4c77d90f58e",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "d1f2f413-ed97-4b73-8e0b-980f7419ffe6",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "d25724cd-5a33-4c05-a342-57cf77fdb2b5",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_labels"
                 },
-                "source": "42ef66c8-0f23-423b-b8e1-eeb0ceacd30b",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "table"
-                    }
-                ]
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_labels_d657eb5c-2fda-4a6f-92b8-3e147b64fccc",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "42ef66c8-0f23-423b-b8e1-eeb0ceacd30b",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_scale",
-                        "expr": "full"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "lookup",
-                        "from": "d1f2f413-ed97-4b73-8e0b-980f7419ffe6",
-                        "key": "instance_id",
-                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
-                        "values": ["channel_0_sum"],
-                        "as": ["channel_0_sum"],
-                        "default": null
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "formula",
-                        "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 400.0) / (1000.0 - 400.0), 0, 1)",
-                        "as": "4e94e692-8cb4-4809-a42a-80aea8e5a99b"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_16254b21-1d6c-4e92-97eb-deb66328ca71",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_labels_d657eb5c-2fda-4a6f-92b8-3e147b64fccc",
-                    "field": "4e94e692-8cb4-4809-a42a-80aea8e5a99b"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "lookup",
+                    "from": "b217e9fe-3ed9-43fa-b261-4ad1723dfcf8",
+                    "key": "instance_id",
+                    "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                    "values": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                    "as": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                    "default": null
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "viridis",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "formula",
+                    "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 400.0) / (1000.0 - 400.0), 0, 1)",
+                    "as": "ae0c077f-cdea-4247-a5bf-26e045ab199e"
                 }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_fa97b56e-08e0-4a8c-a909-5228dab97f5d",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_labels_698e66d6-9acd-472f-ab12-f4c77d90f58e",
+                "field": "ae0c077f-cdea-4247-a5bf-26e045ab199e"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "viridis",
+                "count": 256
             }
-        ],
-        "legend": [
-            {
-                "type": "gradient",
-                "direction": "vertical",
-                "orient": "none",
-                "fill": "color_16254b21-1d6c-4e92-97eb-deb66328ca71",
-                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
-                "gradientLength": 243.2,
-                "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
-                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
-                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
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-                "values": [400.0, 500.0, 600.0, 700.0, 800.0, 900.0, 1000.0],
-                "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
-                "legendY": 22.800000000000068,
-                "zindex": 0
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "raster_label",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_labels_d657eb5c-2fda-4a6f-92b8-3e147b64fccc"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "stroke": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_16254b21-1d6c-4e92-97eb-deb66328ca71",
-                                "value": "4e94e692-8cb4-4809-a42a-80aea8e5a99b"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_16254b21-1d6c-4e92-97eb-deb66328ca71",
-                                "value": "4e94e692-8cb4-4809-a42a-80aea8e5a99b"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.4
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.0
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 3
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "gradient",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_fa97b56e-08e0-4a8c-a909-5228dab97f5d",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
+            "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
+            "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+            "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+            "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "values": [400.0, 500.0, 600.0, 700.0, 800.0, 900.0, 1000.0],
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+            "legendY": 22.800000000000068,
+            "zindex": 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_label",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_labels_698e66d6-9acd-472f-ab12-f4c77d90f58e"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "stroke": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_fa97b56e-08e0-4a8c-a909-5228dab97f5d",
+                            "value": "ae0c077f-cdea-4247-a5bf-26e045ab199e"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_fa97b56e-08e0-4a8c-a909-5228dab97f5d",
+                            "value": "ae0c077f-cdea-4247-a5bf-26e045ab199e"
                         }
+                    ],
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.4
                     },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
-                                "scale": "color_16254b21-1d6c-4e92-97eb-deb66328ca71",
-                                "field": "4e94e692-8cb4-4809-a42a-80aea8e5a99b"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
-                            }
-                        ]
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.0
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 3
                     }
+                },
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                            "scale": "color_fa97b56e-08e0-4a8c-a909-5228dab97f5d",
+                            "field": "ae0c077f-cdea-4247-a5bf-26e045ab199e"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                        }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "a083a609-d943-5fa6-80f0-5eb601db4d00"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
index ffd59530..5fe23820 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
@@ -1,240 +1,235 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "7e5b4966-863c-4cde-b600-6f5b54d2b5f6",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "312c2851-9a2c-4ea1-9c37-7ba0ae9d7721",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_control_label_infill.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_control_label_infill.json
index aac37f2f..b3c5ad5d 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_control_label_infill.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_control_label_infill.json
@@ -1,237 +1,232 @@
-[
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-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_labels_3cf6a48c-63b2-4c26-bdd2-a10e6b395a33"
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-                "encode": {
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-                                "scale": "color_f5fb5491-d0ea-4a1c-82bd-553e8b53d862",
-                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fill": [
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-                                "scale": "color_f5fb5491-d0ea-4a1c-82bd-553e8b53d862",
-                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
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-                        "fillOpacity": {
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-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.0
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 3
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+    "legend": [
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+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_2dde8833-baa0-4dad-9991-20c40538c0c0",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
+            "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
+            "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+            "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
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+            "values": [
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+            "legendY": 28.504005030744906,
+            "zindex": 0
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+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
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+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_labels_0d37d4d5-16a0-4e8d-8477-930e29064291"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "stroke": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_2dde8833-baa0-4dad-9991-20c40538c0c0",
+                            "value": "channel_0_sum"
                         }
+                    ],
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_2dde8833-baa0-4dad-9991-20c40538c0c0",
+                            "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.4
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.0
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-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
-                                "scale": "color_f5fb5491-d0ea-4a1c-82bd-553e8b53d862",
-                                "field": "channel_0_sum"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
-                            }
-                        ]
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 3
                     }
+                },
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                            "scale": "color_2dde8833-baa0-4dad-9991-20c40538c0c0",
+                            "field": "channel_0_sum"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                        }
+                    ]
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             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "14302cde-62fc-5181-91f9-84e2f3912c1f"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_control_label_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_control_label_outline.json
index 10060087..e4a7850a 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_control_label_outline.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_control_label_outline.json
@@ -1,237 +1,232 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
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-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "9de77b43-a363-4186-93a0-6078dc218aba",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+        {
+            "name": "c974aded-3c13-43fb-9c80-d7a8a8af79fb",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                "version": 0.1
+            },
+            "source": "9de77b43-a363-4186-93a0-6078dc218aba",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "table"
                 }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_labels_3b489c4d-ea37-4cb1-bbbe-553e0ad074f2",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "91daec16-0a2c-465f-aeba-dfc287137de5",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "9de77b43-a363-4186-93a0-6078dc218aba",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_labels"
                 },
-                "source": "e9784389-b68c-4878-ab10-5a52352ef490",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "table"
-                    }
-                ]
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_labels_ba1f6f01-08ca-4cf6-a605-5fd786c179e0",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "e9784389-b68c-4878-ab10-5a52352ef490",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_scale",
-                        "expr": "full"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "lookup",
-                        "from": "91daec16-0a2c-465f-aeba-dfc287137de5",
-                        "key": "instance_id",
-                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
-                        "values": ["channel_0_sum"],
-                        "as": ["channel_0_sum"],
-                        "default": null
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_7e8c760b-36ec-431e-a3f4-4b5010ff0983",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_labels_ba1f6f01-08ca-4cf6-a605-5fd786c179e0",
-                    "field": ["channel_0_sum"]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "viridis",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "lookup",
+                    "from": "c974aded-3c13-43fb-9c80-d7a8a8af79fb",
+                    "key": "instance_id",
+                    "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                    "values": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                    "as": ["channel_0_sum"],
+                    "default": null
                 }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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-                "labelColor": "#000000",
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-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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-                "tickColor": "#000000",
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-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_8fe101e5-e6b5-4e5e-9b5f-115e11b05a7f",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_labels_3b489c4d-ea37-4cb1-bbbe-553e0ad074f2",
+                "field": ["channel_0_sum"]
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
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-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
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-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
-                "legendY": 28.504005030744906,
-                "zindex": 0
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "viridis",
+                "count": 256
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-                "type": "raster_label",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_labels_ba1f6f01-08ca-4cf6-a605-5fd786c179e0"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
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-                        "stroke": [
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-                                "scale": "color_7e8c760b-36ec-431e-a3f4-4b5010ff0983",
-                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
-                            }
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-                        "fill": [
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-                                "scale": "color_7e8c760b-36ec-431e-a3f4-4b5010ff0983",
-                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
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-                            "value": 0.0
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.4
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 15
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "gradient",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_8fe101e5-e6b5-4e5e-9b5f-115e11b05a7f",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
+            "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
+            "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+            "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+            "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "values": [
+                0.0, 250.0, 500.0, 750.0, 1000.0, 1250.0, 1500.0, 1750.0
+            ],
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+            "legendY": 28.504005030744906,
+            "zindex": 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_label",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_labels_3b489c4d-ea37-4cb1-bbbe-553e0ad074f2"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "stroke": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_8fe101e5-e6b5-4e5e-9b5f-115e11b05a7f",
+                            "value": "channel_0_sum"
                         }
+                    ],
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_8fe101e5-e6b5-4e5e-9b5f-115e11b05a7f",
+                            "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.0
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.4
                     },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
-                                "scale": "color_7e8c760b-36ec-431e-a3f4-4b5010ff0983",
-                                "field": "channel_0_sum"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
-                            }
-                        ]
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 15
                     }
+                },
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                            "scale": "color_8fe101e5-e6b5-4e5e-9b5f-115e11b05a7f",
+                            "field": "channel_0_sum"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                        }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "d056520d-87b8-5acb-a761-b9b9eba72a1f"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_do_rasterization.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_do_rasterization.json
index 00ece89c..2eec8651 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_do_rasterization.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_do_rasterization.json
@@ -1,172 +1,167 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "9952e569-f365-4965-bb68-70338c8f4e70",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
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+        {
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+            "source": "9952e569-f365-4965-bb68-70338c8f4e70",
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+                    "expr": "global"
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+                {
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+                    "expr": "full"
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+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
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+            "domain": [0.0, 3072.0],
+            "range": "width"
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+        {
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+            "type": "linear",
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+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_df7cdfed-fd93-406f-9510-222b32489094",
+            "type": "ordinal",
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+            "domain": true,
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+            "from": {
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+                            "value": "value"
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+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_df7cdfed-fd93-406f-9510-222b32489094",
+                            "value": "value"
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         }
-    }
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_plot_with_one_element_color_table.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_plot_with_one_element_color_table.json
index 009481dc..9b7c1148 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_plot_with_one_element_color_table.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_plot_with_one_element_color_table.json
@@ -1,361 +1,356 @@
-[
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+{
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+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
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+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
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-                    "data": "blobs_labels_e3602ebc-6ddd-42fa-a15f-1dbf524b09d6"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
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-                        "stroke": [
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-                                "scale": "color_c2e0acb4-e54c-420d-bd32-e640bc3f89b8",
-                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
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-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_c2e0acb4-e54c-420d-bd32-e640bc3f89b8",
-                                "value": "channel_0_sum"
-                            }
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-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.4
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.0
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 3
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "gradient",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_51aaadce-6295-41bc-b469-7c301c1bfe2a",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
+            "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
+            "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+            "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+            "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "values": [
+                0.0, 250.0, 500.0, 750.0, 1000.0, 1250.0, 1500.0, 1750.0
+            ],
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+            "legendY": 28.504005030744906,
+            "zindex": 0
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "gradient",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_7484dba0-c6c4-4571-bde9-333fac8bcb14",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
+            "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
+            "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+            "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+            "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "values": [0.0, 500.0, 1000.0, 1500.0, 2000.0, 2500.0],
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 266.5651200000001,
+            "legendY": 28.80000000000001,
+            "zindex": 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_label",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_labels_afd155ad-6c1c-41da-8550-e90ad949f214"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "stroke": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_51aaadce-6295-41bc-b469-7c301c1bfe2a",
+                            "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_51aaadce-6295-41bc-b469-7c301c1bfe2a",
+                            "value": "channel_0_sum"
                         }
+                    ],
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.4
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.0
                     },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
-                                "scale": "color_c2e0acb4-e54c-420d-bd32-e640bc3f89b8",
-                                "field": "channel_0_sum"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
-                            }
-                        ]
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 3
                     }
-                }
-            },
-            {
-                "type": "raster_label",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_68005dad-a2ff-43e0-a196-d85da7e69473"
                 },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "stroke": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_0de0ce47-7b7d-416a-88f0-c6ba41c869b7",
-                                "value": "channel_1_sum"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_0de0ce47-7b7d-416a-88f0-c6ba41c869b7",
-                                "value": "channel_1_sum"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.4
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                            "scale": "color_51aaadce-6295-41bc-b469-7c301c1bfe2a",
+                            "field": "channel_0_sum"
                         },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.0
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 3
+                        {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
                         }
+                    ]
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "raster_label",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_43390fdb-4b0e-45c4-bb6c-7264a9236c58"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "stroke": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_7484dba0-c6c4-4571-bde9-333fac8bcb14",
+                            "value": "channel_1_sum"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_7484dba0-c6c4-4571-bde9-333fac8bcb14",
+                            "value": "channel_1_sum"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.4
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.0
                     },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
-                                "scale": "color_0de0ce47-7b7d-416a-88f0-c6ba41c869b7",
-                                "field": "channel_1_sum"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
-                            }
-                        ]
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 3
                     }
+                },
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                            "scale": "color_7484dba0-c6c4-4571-bde9-333fac8bcb14",
+                            "field": "channel_1_sum"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                        }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "97a70941-9b78-57ec-9ca6-83f70e0465c2"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_labels.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_labels.json
index f141762e..b2bb7053 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_labels.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_given_scale_of_multiscale_labels.json
@@ -1,172 +1,167 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "87293909-715a-4292-8d50-38294effca8b",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "3e3b8e37-fedc-47fe-8f13-e93c8247e6b8",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_multiscale_labels_f4cf783d-0adb-4641-b1f9-7c825b7abad2",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_multiscale_labels_0c301e96-1f0a-455b-be38-d76a657a309f",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "87293909-715a-4292-8d50-38294effca8b",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_multiscale_labels"
                 },
-                "source": "3e3b8e37-fedc-47fe-8f13-e93c8247e6b8",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_multiscale_labels"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_scale",
-                        "expr": "scale1"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_c0f722a3-2110-440d-a465-27c39242c840",
-                "type": "ordinal",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_0c301e96-1f0a-455b-be38-d76a657a309f",
-                    "field": "value"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "range": ["random"]
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "scale1"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_ba245473-5102-4955-849d-529c412218d8",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_f4cf783d-0adb-4641-b1f9-7c825b7abad2",
+                "field": "value"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
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-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "raster_label",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_0c301e96-1f0a-455b-be38-d76a657a309f"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "stroke": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_c0f722a3-2110-440d-a465-27c39242c840",
-                                "value": "value"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_c0f722a3-2110-440d-a465-27c39242c840",
-                                "value": "value"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.4
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.0
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 3
+            "range": ["random"]
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_label",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_f4cf783d-0adb-4641-b1f9-7c825b7abad2"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "stroke": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_ba245473-5102-4955-849d-529c412218d8",
+                            "value": "value"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_ba245473-5102-4955-849d-529c412218d8",
+                            "value": "value"
                         }
+                    ],
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.4
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.0
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 3
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                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "0c0b63b4-ff52-5b96-9d67-d3557c3aea38"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_labels.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_labels.json
index 06dc4102..cc81c0b4 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_labels.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_labels.json
@@ -1,172 +1,167 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "bd8cf430-570b-49ab-9bd9-dca6c51d8ab3",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "67ee3129-4474-4b34-a06a-392dc462bd30",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_labels_f1254fbd-a1cf-4a39-af40-08f20e824d1c",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_labels_592a6c8b-a235-4b83-8fcb-25b5dea54aab",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "bd8cf430-570b-49ab-9bd9-dca6c51d8ab3",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_labels"
                 },
-                "source": "67ee3129-4474-4b34-a06a-392dc462bd30",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_scale",
-                        "expr": "full"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_3e3c0c81-6ea6-4697-943e-a99d61ac02f0",
-                "type": "ordinal",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_labels_592a6c8b-a235-4b83-8fcb-25b5dea54aab",
-                    "field": "value"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "range": ["random"]
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_e9a1a0d8-c8b6-40b1-a599-49ff6d284185",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_labels_f1254fbd-a1cf-4a39-af40-08f20e824d1c",
+                "field": "value"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "raster_label",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_labels_592a6c8b-a235-4b83-8fcb-25b5dea54aab"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "stroke": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_3e3c0c81-6ea6-4697-943e-a99d61ac02f0",
-                                "value": "value"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_3e3c0c81-6ea6-4697-943e-a99d61ac02f0",
-                                "value": "value"
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-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.4
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.0
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 3
+            "range": ["random"]
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_label",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_labels_f1254fbd-a1cf-4a39-af40-08f20e824d1c"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "stroke": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_e9a1a0d8-c8b6-40b1-a599-49ff6d284185",
+                            "value": "value"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_e9a1a0d8-c8b6-40b1-a599-49ff6d284185",
+                            "value": "value"
                         }
+                    ],
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.4
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.0
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 3
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "a1200cf1-7f34-52b9-86c3-3b264b34a4a6"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_multiscale_labels.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_multiscale_labels.json
index 269765e8..1559129b 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_multiscale_labels.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_render_multiscale_labels.json
@@ -1,172 +1,167 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "d9ba20c7-cad0-4851-9fef-d19fa210506b",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "6023d889-bae1-48ee-ab7c-ffbafc6b7f33",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_multiscale_labels_96bec926-1efe-4243-a071-8852021e2fc3",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_multiscale_labels_f3e67ce7-5c47-4bdb-86cd-968c1c869d02",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "d9ba20c7-cad0-4851-9fef-d19fa210506b",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_multiscale_labels"
                 },
-                "source": "6023d889-bae1-48ee-ab7c-ffbafc6b7f33",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_multiscale_labels"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_scale",
-                        "expr": "full"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_4231a9cf-aa0d-44c9-b56d-4b41f40841af",
-                "type": "ordinal",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_f3e67ce7-5c47-4bdb-86cd-968c1c869d02",
-                    "field": "value"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "range": ["random"]
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_c59852be-fc98-45c4-af85-ceed8c467020",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_96bec926-1efe-4243-a071-8852021e2fc3",
+                "field": "value"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "raster_label",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_f3e67ce7-5c47-4bdb-86cd-968c1c869d02"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "stroke": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_4231a9cf-aa0d-44c9-b56d-4b41f40841af",
-                                "value": "value"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_4231a9cf-aa0d-44c9-b56d-4b41f40841af",
-                                "value": "value"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.4
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.0
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 3
+            "range": ["random"]
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_label",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_96bec926-1efe-4243-a071-8852021e2fc3"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "stroke": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_c59852be-fc98-45c4-af85-ceed8c467020",
+                            "value": "value"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_c59852be-fc98-45c4-af85-ceed8c467020",
+                            "value": "value"
                         }
+                    ],
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.4
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.0
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 3
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "74a12ec7-4ee6-507f-9476-700bfe05ca9f"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_stack_render_labels.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_stack_render_labels.json
index 38e61a86..03578b7a 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_stack_render_labels.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_stack_render_labels.json
@@ -1,213 +1,208 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "e21c21c8-5f5b-4fa8-89da-604f68d78c28",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "545ba7f6-b28a-4f22-bf95-7dae8458afca",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_labels_ff2f67ed-d4e9-41e1-9e5d-fc271817989c",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_labels_d67ce142-5870-4b3a-896c-990c3821bfce",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "e21c21c8-5f5b-4fa8-89da-604f68d78c28",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_labels"
                 },
-                "source": "545ba7f6-b28a-4f22-bf95-7dae8458afca",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_scale",
-                        "expr": "full"
-                    }
-                ]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_labels_a6869836-35fc-4cb3-9fff-b23541f65ce1",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_labels_47da63b2-1fdc-498e-ae0e-d41989009806",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "e21c21c8-5f5b-4fa8-89da-604f68d78c28",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "545ba7f6-b28a-4f22-bf95-7dae8458afca",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_label",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_labels_ff2f67ed-d4e9-41e1-9e5d-fc271817989c"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "stroke": [
+                        {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "value": "#ff0000"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_scale",
-                        "expr": "full"
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 3
                     }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [0.0, 512.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [512.0, 0.0],
-                "range": "height"
+                }
             }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "raster_label",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_labels_a6869836-35fc-4cb3-9fff-b23541f65ce1"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "raster_label",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_labels_d67ce142-5870-4b3a-896c-990c3821bfce"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "stroke": [
-                            {
-                                "value": "#ff0000"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "value": "#ff0000"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 3
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "stroke": [
+                        {
+                            "value": "#0000ff"
                         }
-                    }
-                }
-            },
-            {
-                "type": "raster_label",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_labels_47da63b2-1fdc-498e-ae0e-d41989009806"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "stroke": [
-                            {
-                                "value": "#0000ff"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "value": "#0000ff"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 15
+                    ],
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "value": "#0000ff"
                         }
+                    ],
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 15
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "b9a14944-c16a-50bf-a25f-c5f37ecba3f0"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json
index dd2e77f7..aaf4a41e 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_can_stop_rasterization_with_scale_full.json
@@ -1,172 +1,167 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "e70c4f52-b2f1-4804-865a-dc9e5e3e33ad",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "f704d041-82f5-4071-b649-0bf861d3909e",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_giant_labels_10d6b6a2-cadb-4508-a47f-aa29adfec5c1",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_giant_labels_7c4bb325-4d86-496c-91fa-9cb882bda262",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "e70c4f52-b2f1-4804-865a-dc9e5e3e33ad",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_giant_labels"
                 },
-                "source": "f704d041-82f5-4071-b649-0bf861d3909e",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_giant_labels"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_scale",
-                        "expr": "full"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [0.0, 3072.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [3072.0, 0.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_47b4272b-5118-4d15-a467-08fbc16ecc7f",
-                "type": "ordinal",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_giant_labels_7c4bb325-4d86-496c-91fa-9cb882bda262",
-                    "field": "value"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "range": ["random"]
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 1000, 2000, 3000],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 3072.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3072.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_396f1ebc-dda9-4b51-94cb-7ff14678495f",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_giant_labels_10d6b6a2-cadb-4508-a47f-aa29adfec5c1",
+                "field": "value"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "raster_label",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_giant_labels_7c4bb325-4d86-496c-91fa-9cb882bda262"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "stroke": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_47b4272b-5118-4d15-a467-08fbc16ecc7f",
-                                "value": "value"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_47b4272b-5118-4d15-a467-08fbc16ecc7f",
-                                "value": "value"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.4
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.0
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 3
+            "range": ["random"]
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 1000, 2000, 3000],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_label",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_giant_labels_10d6b6a2-cadb-4508-a47f-aa29adfec5c1"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "stroke": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_396f1ebc-dda9-4b51-94cb-7ff14678495f",
+                            "value": "value"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_396f1ebc-dda9-4b51-94cb-7ff14678495f",
+                            "value": "value"
                         }
+                    ],
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.4
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.0
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 3
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "751647c0-0c89-5ddd-9886-922ec7d13488"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_categorical_color.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_categorical_color.json
index caaf6e60..ad5fd9f5 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_categorical_color.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_categorical_color.json
@@ -1,229 +1,224 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "baseline",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "2836bed2-7cd2-442e-9809-a3096fdcefb7",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "faeb2a59-fcb1-4446-8e88-a5c57882c7ce",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+        {
+            "name": "d603cde5-12e9-4040-81c4-8eec394af602",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                "version": 0.1
+            },
+            "source": "2836bed2-7cd2-442e-9809-a3096fdcefb7",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "other_table"
                 }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_labels_b3a68f9c-848e-45e4-aa79-02d78ee06b7c",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "RasterFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "8e0dc6a8-89aa-43a2-b950-966d21afb30a",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "2836bed2-7cd2-442e-9809-a3096fdcefb7",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_labels"
                 },
-                "source": "faeb2a59-fcb1-4446-8e88-a5c57882c7ce",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "other_table"
-                    }
-                ]
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_labels_6460c403-2063-4b03-a0ac-39a096dc2070",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "faeb2a59-fcb1-4446-8e88-a5c57882c7ce",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_scale",
+                    "expr": "full"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "lookup",
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_infill.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_infill.json
index 0b5abad5..c65bf87a 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_infill.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_infill.json
@@ -1,237 +1,232 @@
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+                            "scale": "color_f88e66f7-3829-46b0-9c1f-ce82da2c608a",
+                            "value": "channel_0_sum"
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+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_f88e66f7-3829-46b0-9c1f-ce82da2c608a",
+                            "value": "channel_0_sum"
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+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.1
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
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-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
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-                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
-                                "scale": "color_5af2d09f-26c0-4308-be45-1bd88b76dd76",
-                                "field": "channel_0_sum"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
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+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 15
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+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                            "scale": "color_f88e66f7-3829-46b0-9c1f-ce82da2c608a",
+                            "field": "channel_0_sum"
+                        },
+                        {
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-            "axis_uuid": "0e2750eb-4bb3-502d-9fa2-d1e0b18db946"
         }
-    }
-]
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_outline.json
index 86895693..dce1a692 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_outline.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_label_colorbar_uses_alpha_of_less_transparent_outline.json
@@ -1,237 +1,232 @@
-[
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
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-            "fontStyle": "normal",
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+    "width": 320.0,
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+        "fontStyle": "normal",
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+        {
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+                "version": 0.1
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+            "transform": [
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+        {
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-                "format": {
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-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "4f93dcc9-ee59-41ae-8964-41b780f6e117",
+            "transform": [
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+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_labels"
                 },
-                "source": "6e01eea7-6f7c-4863-aff9-355bd15c00a7",
-                "transform": [
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "RasterFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+                {
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+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "6e01eea7-6f7c-4863-aff9-355bd15c00a7",
-                "transform": [
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-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_labels_5312b6b0-e66c-4214-b6b9-c649966b379f",
-                    "field": ["channel_0_sum"]
+                {
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+                    "expr": "full"
                 },
-                "range": {
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-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "lookup",
+                    "from": "f130214b-7200-4c2a-83a6-00db22e8858c",
+                    "key": "instance_id",
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+        {
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+            "encode": {
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+                            "value": "channel_0_sum"
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-                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
-                                "scale": "color_c2c68687-b59a-4b5d-bd38-a6d7980ae1d2",
-                                "field": "channel_0_sum"
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-                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
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+                    "strokeWidth": {
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+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
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+                            "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                            "scale": "color_2069823d-fa3b-4467-b40b-e3972d328ac8",
+                            "field": "channel_0_sum"
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-        "usermeta": {
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         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order.json
index 27a30db4..e759241a 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order.json
@@ -1,456 +1,490 @@
-[
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
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+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+        {
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+            "transform": [
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+            "source": "54dff630-dfce-49e8-aafd-d5e811da81b4",
+            "transform": [
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+                {
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-                        "expr": "blobs_labels"
+                {
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+                    "key": "instance_id",
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+                    "as": ["which_max"],
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order_when_palette_overwrite.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_subset_categorical_label_maintains_order_when_palette_overwrite.json
index 84f54678..80a98f20 100644
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_two_calls_with_coloring_result_in_two_colorbars.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_two_calls_with_coloring_result_in_two_colorbars.json
index bc8b39a0..0c4542c9 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_two_calls_with_coloring_result_in_two_colorbars.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Labels_two_calls_with_coloring_result_in_two_colorbars.json
@@ -1,361 +1,356 @@
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+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "gradient",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_bfd54971-c0e2-40d9-8dda-3b4c921ecd56",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
+            "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
+            "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+            "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+            "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "values": [
+                0.0, 250.0, 500.0, 750.0, 1000.0, 1250.0, 1500.0, 1750.0
+            ],
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+            "legendY": 28.504005030744906,
+            "zindex": 0
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "gradient",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_dce43504-13d9-4fc5-9789-0b22d586ac5e",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
+            "gradientOpacity": 0.4,
+            "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+            "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+            "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "values": [0.0, 500.0, 1000.0, 1500.0, 2000.0, 2500.0],
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 266.5651200000001,
+            "legendY": 28.80000000000001,
+            "zindex": 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "raster_label",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_labels_f0e0a437-1b06-4537-b99a-5ae30aae1dc9"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "stroke": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_bfd54971-c0e2-40d9-8dda-3b4c921ecd56",
+                            "value": "channel_0_sum"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_bfd54971-c0e2-40d9-8dda-3b4c921ecd56",
+                            "value": "channel_0_sum"
                         }
+                    ],
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.4
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.0
                     },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
-                                "scale": "color_3324069a-8eae-47ca-afc6-8571bef2355c",
-                                "field": "channel_0_sum"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
-                            }
-                        ]
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 3
                     }
-                }
-            },
-            {
-                "type": "raster_label",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_102ae6e3-75ff-4db1-9f71-05dbede9bedf"
                 },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "stroke": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_9ef90235-a9fb-4095-b1fe-07784bc6d6ea",
-                                "value": "channel_1_sum"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "scale": "color_9ef90235-a9fb-4095-b1fe-07784bc6d6ea",
-                                "value": "channel_1_sum"
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.4
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                            "scale": "color_bfd54971-c0e2-40d9-8dda-3b4c921ecd56",
+                            "field": "channel_0_sum"
                         },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.0
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 3
+                        {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
                         }
+                    ]
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "raster_label",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_multiscale_labels_19fc95a8-c587-4fa9-9327-69bbc0f99443"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "stroke": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_dce43504-13d9-4fc5-9789-0b22d586ac5e",
+                            "value": "channel_1_sum"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "scale": "color_dce43504-13d9-4fc5-9789-0b22d586ac5e",
+                            "value": "channel_1_sum"
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.4
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.0
                     },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
-                                "scale": "color_9ef90235-a9fb-4095-b1fe-07784bc6d6ea",
-                                "field": "channel_1_sum"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
-                            }
-                        ]
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 3
                     }
+                },
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "isValid(datum.value)",
+                            "scale": "color_dce43504-13d9-4fc5-9789-0b22d586ac5e",
+                            "field": "channel_1_sum"
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3ff"
+                        }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "fd90b106-e04c-5122-92b3-064155376445"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 43990fc3..d8024b4d 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ def test_viewconfig_output(actual_json_path, expected_json_path):
         actual_json = json.load(f)
     with expected_json_path.open() as f:
         expected_json = json.load(f)
-    assert compare_json_ignore_uuids(actual_json, expected_json)
+    assert compare_json_ignore_uuids(actual_json, expected_json[0])
 
 
 class PlotTesterMeta(ABCMeta):

From 35467249f9d69b319dd4083488c7918764dc9098 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Fri, 23 May 2025 19:39:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 54/56] update configs

---
 ...ints_can_annotate_points_with_table_X.json | 431 +++++----
 ...annotate_points_with_table_and_groups.json | 419 +++++----
 ..._can_annotate_points_with_table_layer.json | 437 +++++-----
 ...ts_can_annotate_points_with_table_obs.json | 431 +++++----
 ...can_filter_with_groups_custom_palette.json | 817 ++++++++++--------
 ...an_filter_with_groups_default_palette.json | 817 ++++++++++--------
 .../Points_can_render_points.json             | 301 ++++---
 .../Points_can_stack_render_points.json       | 395 +++++----
 .../Points_can_use_norm_with_clip.json        | 409 +++++----
 .../Points_can_use_norm_without_clip.json     | 409 +++++----
 ...olor_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json | 301 ++++---
 .../Points_coloring_with_cmap.json            | 379 ++++----
 .../Points_coloring_with_palette.json         | 379 ++++----
 ...ints_datashader_can_color_by_category.json | 399 +++++----
 ...oints_datashader_can_transform_points.json | 321 ++++---
 ...s_datashader_can_use_any_as_reduction.json | 431 +++++----
 ...datashader_can_use_count_as_reduction.json | 431 +++++----
 ...s_datashader_can_use_max_as_reduction.json | 431 +++++----
 ..._datashader_can_use_mean_as_reduction.json | 431 +++++----
 ...s_datashader_can_use_min_as_reduction.json | 431 +++++----
 ...nts_datashader_can_use_norm_with_clip.json | 431 +++++----
 ..._datashader_can_use_norm_without_clip.json | 431 +++++----
 ...s_datashader_can_use_std_as_reduction.json | 431 +++++----
 ...can_use_std_as_reduction_not_all_zero.json | 431 +++++----
 ...s_datashader_can_use_sum_as_reduction.json | 431 +++++----
 ...s_datashader_can_use_var_as_reduction.json | 431 +++++----
 .../Points_datashader_continuous_color.json   | 431 +++++----
 .../Points_datashader_matplotlib_stack.json   | 415 +++++----
 ...atashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_with_clip.json | 431 +++++----
 ...shader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_without_clip.json | 431 +++++----
 ...r_point_sizes_agree_after_altered_dpi.json | 415 +++++----
 .../Points_points_categorical_color.json      | 419 +++++----
 ...s_categorical_color_column_datashader.json | 399 +++++----
 ...s_categorical_color_column_matplotlib.json | 379 ++++----
 ...ts_points_coercable_categorical_color.json | 419 +++++----
 ...ts_continuous_color_column_datashader.json | 431 +++++----
 ...ts_continuous_color_column_matplotlib.json | 389 ++++-----
 ...points_transformed_ds_agrees_with_mpl.json | 415 +++++----
 ..._can_annotate_shapes_with_table_layer.json | 421 +++++----
 .../Shapes_can_color_from_geodataframe.json   | 373 ++++----
 ...queried_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json | 601 +++++++------
 ...lor_two_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json | 601 +++++++------
 ...hapes_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json | 393 +++++----
 .../Shapes_can_do_non_matching_table.json     | 415 +++++----
 .../Shapes_can_filter_with_groups.json        | 785 +++++++++--------
 ...h_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json | 403 +++++----
 ...s_can_plot_shapes_after_spatial_query.json | 447 +++++-----
 ...h_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json | 403 +++++----
 .../Shapes_can_render_circles.json            | 287 +++---
 ...n_render_circles_with_colored_outline.json | 305 ++++---
 ...hapes_can_render_circles_with_outline.json | 305 ++++---
 ..._circles_with_specified_outline_width.json | 305 ++++---
 .../Shapes_can_render_empty_geometry.json     | 447 +++++-----
 .../Shapes_can_render_multipolygons.json      | 415 +++++----
 .../Shapes_can_render_polygons.json           | 287 +++---
 ...apes_can_render_polygons_with_outline.json | 305 ++++---
 ...der_polygons_with_rgb_colored_outline.json | 305 ++++---
 ...er_polygons_with_rgba_colored_outline.json | 305 ++++---
 ...der_polygons_with_str_colored_outline.json | 305 ++++---
 .../Shapes_can_scale_shapes.json              | 287 +++---
 .../Shapes_can_set_clims_clip.json            | 435 +++++-----
 .../Shapes_can_stack_render_shapes.json       | 367 ++++----
 ...olor_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json | 287 +++---
 .../Shapes_colorbar_can_be_normalised.json    | 393 +++++----
 ...Shapes_colorbar_respects_input_limits.json | 373 ++++----
 .../Shapes_coloring_with_palette.json         | 363 ++++----
 ...apes_datashader_can_color_by_category.json | 413 +++++----
 ...tashader_can_color_by_identical_value.json | 405 +++++----
 .../Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_value.json | 405 +++++----
 ...ader_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json | 405 +++++----
 ...hader_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json | 405 +++++----
 ..._datashader_can_render_colored_shapes.json | 481 +++++------
 .../Shapes_datashader_can_render_shapes.json  | 481 +++++------
 ...hader_can_render_with_colored_outline.json | 315 ++++---
 ...er_can_render_with_diff_alpha_outline.json | 315 ++++---
 ...er_can_render_with_diff_width_outline.json | 315 ++++---
 ...hader_can_render_with_different_alpha.json | 481 +++++------
 ...es_datashader_can_render_with_outline.json | 315 ++++---
 ...r_can_render_with_rgb_colored_outline.json | 315 ++++---
 ..._can_render_with_rgba_colored_outline.json | 315 ++++---
 ...apes_datashader_can_transform_circles.json | 315 ++++---
 ...atashader_can_transform_multipolygons.json | 315 ++++---
 ...pes_datashader_can_transform_polygons.json | 315 ++++---
 ...atashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_with_clip.json | 412 +++++----
 ...shader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_without_clip.json | 412 +++++----
 ...es_datashader_shades_with_linear_cmap.json | 405 +++++----
 .../Shapes_shapes_categorical_color.json      | 403 +++++----
 ...es_shapes_coercable_categorical_color.json | 403 +++++----
 88 files changed, 17684 insertions(+), 17940 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_X.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_X.json
index e1ef0ea5..0520d1c1 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_X.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_X.json
@@ -1,231 +1,226 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "3f246bc8-d27a-4987-906a-113fdff9b73a",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "be39b901-24eb-469a-b339-928b63c9dc2a",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "befc7bf7-f8c6-45e8-9b1d-dba610466075",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                "version": 0.1
             },
-            {
-                "name": "8e37e446-c2ef-48bb-af67-d815400f6f29",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
-                    "version": 0.1
-                },
-                "source": "be39b901-24eb-469a-b339-928b63c9dc2a",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "points_table"
-                    }
-                ]
+            "source": "3f246bc8-d27a-4987-906a-113fdff9b73a",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "points_table"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_d5e914c0-9e9d-4ec0-b492-c43a7e0f256d",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_0ca1f7d3-34ff-4b36-a00e-b9957a5b205a",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "3f246bc8-d27a-4987-906a-113fdff9b73a",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
                 },
-                "source": "be39b901-24eb-469a-b339-928b63c9dc2a",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "lookup",
-                        "from": "8e37e446-c2ef-48bb-af67-d815400f6f29",
-                        "key": "instance_id",
-                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
-                        "values": ["feature0"],
-                        "as": ["feature0"],
-                        "default": null
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_8b1546a7-c663-414a-8c13-bda8c44f56ff",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_points_0ca1f7d3-34ff-4b36-a00e-b9957a5b205a",
-                    "field": ["feature0"]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "viridis",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "lookup",
+                    "from": "befc7bf7-f8c6-45e8-9b1d-dba610466075",
+                    "key": "instance_id",
+                    "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                    "values": ["feature0"],
+                    "as": ["feature0"],
+                    "default": null
                 }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_f5977572-cbf6-4633-aa21-4d2e96ba2f21",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_points_d5e914c0-9e9d-4ec0-b492-c43a7e0f256d",
+                "field": ["feature0"]
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "legend": [
-            {
-                "type": "gradient",
-                "direction": "vertical",
-                "orient": "none",
-                "fill": "color_8b1546a7-c663-414a-8c13-bda8c44f56ff",
-                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
-                "gradientLength": 243.2,
-                "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
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+                    "fillOpacity": {
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+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.feature0)",
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_and_groups.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_and_groups.json
index 4eb4d159..8b837454 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_and_groups.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_and_groups.json
@@ -1,225 +1,220 @@
-[
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-                        "shape": {
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+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.extra_feature_cat)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         }
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-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
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-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.extra_feature_cat)",
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_layer.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_layer.json
index ee85b206..0a5af779 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_layer.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_layer.json
@@ -1,235 +1,230 @@
-[
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+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
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+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_obs.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_obs.json
index 647bcd04..afb88f71 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_obs.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_annotate_points_with_table_obs.json
@@ -1,231 +1,226 @@
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_filter_with_groups_custom_palette.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_filter_with_groups_custom_palette.json
index 72c21737..ef69d5ad 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_filter_with_groups_custom_palette.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_filter_with_groups_custom_palette.json
@@ -1,402 +1,459 @@
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+                    "zindex": 0,
+                    "encode": {
+                        "enter": {
+                            "x": {
+                                "scale": "X_scale",
+                                "field": "x"
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+                            "y": {
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+                            "stroke": {
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+                                "field": "genes"
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+                                "field": "genes"
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+                            "size": {
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+                            "shape": {
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+                        },
+                        "update": {
+                            "fill": [
+                                {
+                                    "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
+                                    "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                                }
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+                {
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+                            "baseline": {
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+                            "color": {
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_filter_with_groups_default_palette.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_filter_with_groups_default_palette.json
index 9ac4c56c..092f9da0 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_filter_with_groups_default_palette.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_filter_with_groups_default_palette.json
@@ -1,402 +1,459 @@
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+                    "x": {
+                        "value": 193.74545454545455
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "value": 94.0090549766439
+                    },
+                    "width": {
+                        "value": 113.45454545454544
+                    },
+                    "height": {
+                        "value": 112.78189004671218
+                    }
                 }
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_0d6aa88e-245c-42f2-916b-18988c161e08",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "scales": [
+                {
+                    "name": "X_scale_1",
+                    "type": "linear",
+                    "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+                    "range": "width"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "Y_scale_1",
+                    "type": "linear",
+                    "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+                    "range": "height"
                 },
-                "source": "4a500245-da71-4a64-bf7b-fc2473f3c84b",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                {
+                    "name": "color_158499d3-3e8a-4f14-abc3-5365e00dd833",
+                    "type": "ordinal",
+                    "domain": ["gene_b"],
+                    "range": ["#ff7f0e"]
+                }
+            ],
+            "axes": [
+                {
+                    "scale": "X_scale_1",
+                    "orient": "bottom",
+                    "domain": true,
+                    "domainOpacity": 1,
+                    "domainColor": "#000000",
+                    "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                    "grid": true,
+                    "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                    "gridCap": "butt",
+                    "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                    "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                    "labelColor": "#000000",
+                    "labelOpacity": 1,
+                    "labelFont": "Arial",
+                    "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                    "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                    "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                    "ticks": true,
+                    "tickOpacity": 1,
+                    "tickColor": "#000000",
+                    "tickCap": "butt",
+                    "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                    "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                    "values": [250, 500],
+                    "zindex": 1.5
+                },
+                {
+                    "scale": "Y_scale_1",
+                    "orient": "left",
+                    "domain": true,
+                    "domainOpacity": 1,
+                    "domainColor": "#000000",
+                    "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+                    "grid": true,
+                    "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+                    "gridCap": "butt",
+                    "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+                    "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                    "labelColor": "#000000",
+                    "labelOpacity": 1,
+                    "labelFont": "Arial",
+                    "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+                    "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                    "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                    "ticks": true,
+                    "tickOpacity": 1,
+                    "tickColor": "#000000",
+                    "tickCap": "butt",
+                    "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+                    "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+                    "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+                    "zindex": 1.5
+                }
+            ],
+            "legend": [
+                {
+                    "type": "discrete",
+                    "direction": "vertical",
+                    "fill": "color_158499d3-3e8a-4f14-abc3-5365e00dd833",
+                    "orient": "none",
+                    "columns": 1,
+                    "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+                    "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+                    "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+                    "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+                    "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+                    "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+                    "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+                    "labelAlign": "left",
+                    "labelColor": "#000000",
+                    "labelOpacity": 1,
+                    "labelFont": "Arial",
+                    "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+                    "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+                    "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+                    "legendX": 228.2155555555555,
+                    "legendY": 239.25493055555555
+                }
+            ],
+            "marks": [
+                {
+                    "type": "symbol",
+                    "from": {
+                        "data": "blobs_points_ca943207-4b4c-48d0-a494-e175ed6aad40"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "zindex": 0,
+                    "encode": {
+                        "enter": {
+                            "x": {
+                                "scale": "X_scale",
+                                "field": "x"
+                            },
+                            "y": {
+                                "scale": "Y_scale",
+                                "field": "y"
+                            },
+                            "stroke": {
+                                "scale": "color_158499d3-3e8a-4f14-abc3-5365e00dd833",
+                                "field": "genes"
+                            },
+                            "fill": {
+                                "scale": "color_158499d3-3e8a-4f14-abc3-5365e00dd833",
+                                "field": "genes"
+                            },
+                            "fillOpacity": {
+                                "value": 1.0
+                            },
+                            "size": {
+                                "value": 10
+                            },
+                            "shape": {
+                                "value": "circle"
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "update": {
+                            "fill": [
+                                {
+                                    "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
+                                    "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
                     }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_2428a622-3592-409e-811c-942e23d57a16",
-                "type": "ordinal",
-                "domain": ["gene_b"],
-                "range": ["#ff7f0e"]
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [250, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
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-        ],
-        "legend": [
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-                "type": "discrete",
-                "direction": "vertical",
-                "fill": "color_2428a622-3592-409e-811c-942e23d57a16",
-                "orient": "none",
-                "columns": 1,
-                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
-                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
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-                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
-                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
-                "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "legendX": 228.2155555555555,
-                "legendY": 239.25493055555555
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "symbol",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_points_0d6aa88e-245c-42f2-916b-18988c161e08"
                 },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "scale": "color_2428a622-3592-409e-811c-942e23d57a16",
-                            "field": "genes"
-                        },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_2428a622-3592-409e-811c-942e23d57a16",
-                            "field": "genes"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 10
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                {
+                    "type": "text",
+                    "encode": {
+                        "enter": {
+                            "text": {
+                                "value": "global"
+                            },
+                            "baseline": {
+                                "value": "alphabetic"
+                            },
+                            "color": {
+                                "value": "black"
+                            },
+                            "font": {
+                                "value": "Arial"
+                            },
+                            "fontSize": {
+                                "value": 15.555555555555555
+                            },
+                            "fontStyle": {
+                                "value": "normal"
+                            },
+                            "fontWeight": {
+                                "value": "normal"
+                            },
+                            "align": {
+                                "value": {
+                                    "value": "center"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "x": {
+                                "value": 229.72272727272727
+                            },
+                            "y": {
+                                "value": 75.3423883099772
+                            },
+                            "linebreak": {
+                                "value": "\n"
+                            }
                         }
                     },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    "zindex": 3
                 }
-            }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "87f0752f-860a-5611-a0cf-80803dd0f5de"
+            ]
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_render_points.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_render_points.json
index 99e8947e..52b87aed 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_render_points.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_render_points.json
@@ -1,161 +1,156 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "16a3d04e-4014-4fcf-9320-f201516f7866",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "800e478c-fe58-4a19-9c73-8d4a794ea1aa",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_068027f8-b0ff-47de-834a-6dc306f1674f",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_29bec1ca-a707-438c-a110-a7724821887a",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "16a3d04e-4014-4fcf-9320-f201516f7866",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
                 },
-                "source": "800e478c-fe58-4a19-9c73-8d4a794ea1aa",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "symbol",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_points_068027f8-b0ff-47de-834a-6dc306f1674f"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "symbol",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_points_29bec1ca-a707-438c-a110-a7724821887a"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
-                        }
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "size": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "shape": {
+                        "value": "circle"
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "e0d9ea92-0131-5f68-9a44-bb4d370f0f5c"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_stack_render_points.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_stack_render_points.json
index 48a34346..6fd863b5 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_stack_render_points.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_stack_render_points.json
@@ -1,213 +1,208 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "322e8e79-82b9-40f3-a65d-013d13a92692",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_use_norm_with_clip.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_use_norm_with_clip.json
index c08a4827..58cc3510 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_use_norm_with_clip.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_use_norm_with_clip.json
@@ -1,221 +1,216 @@
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-                            "field": "x"
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-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
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-                        "stroke": {
-                            "scale": "color_4f10978f-2cce-416d-b8c7-c5783bf861b7",
-                            "value": "92dab238-d55c-4601-8445-c43758de4ba9"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_4f10978f-2cce-416d-b8c7-c5783bf861b7",
-                            "value": "92dab238-d55c-4601-8445-c43758de4ba9"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) < 3.0",
+                            "value": "#000000"
                         },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 40
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) > 7.0",
+                            "value": "#808080"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 3.0",
-                                "value": "#000000"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 7.0",
-                                "value": "#808080"
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         }
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-]
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_use_norm_without_clip.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_use_norm_without_clip.json
index ef47124f..39824162 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_use_norm_without_clip.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_can_use_norm_without_clip.json
@@ -1,221 +1,216 @@
-[
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-        "width": 320.0,
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_9e4f57d8-7506-438f-af2b-cb6c07403a4b",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_39d8691f-4b0c-4974-8e54-86d9be6f3217",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "fba62948-61fb-4b42-9ede-7e38dab8a46e",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
                 },
-                "source": "b991e0a5-bbfd-4561-8bcd-84eab170dd74",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "formula",
-                        "expr": "(datum.value - 3.0) / (7.0 - 3.0)",
-                        "as": "04d277d1-cfca-4f1a-b3ee-3b6b465cd63a"
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-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
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-                    "field": "04d277d1-cfca-4f1a-b3ee-3b6b465cd63a"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "viridis",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "formula",
+                    "expr": "(datum.value - 3.0) / (7.0 - 3.0)",
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-                "values": [200, 400],
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+            ]
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+    "scales": [
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+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_0b3b941a-b8a7-4c99-af39-2e76102dfa8b",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
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+        }
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
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+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_0b3b941a-b8a7-4c99-af39-2e76102dfa8b",
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+            },
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+            "encode": {
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+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
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+                        "value": "d2cc8577-63fd-4327-9594-e8e9a7a98fcd"
+                    },
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+                        "value": "d2cc8577-63fd-4327-9594-e8e9a7a98fcd"
+                    },
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-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
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-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
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-                            "value": "04d277d1-cfca-4f1a-b3ee-3b6b465cd63a"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_96c410a6-43e5-4e6a-a929-f2b14dc57666",
-                            "value": "04d277d1-cfca-4f1a-b3ee-3b6b465cd63a"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) < 3.0",
+                            "value": "#000000"
                         },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 40
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) > 7.0",
+                            "value": "#808080"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 3.0",
-                                "value": "#000000"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 7.0",
-                                "value": "#808080"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "a8d2103d-77f2-54cf-840e-dbd86e030b70"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_color_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_color_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json
index a0dad7bc..5c67b4eb 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_color_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_color_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json
@@ -1,161 +1,156 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "42b205fa-d6e0-44a8-85a3-25acbf52aa9e",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "2e33b710-1336-43e8-a894-76615b6d159b",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_593211b0-ae6e-41d9-8b26-bbe9c6c46580",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_2c8944e0-d58c-4821-b226-7c1bf0391248",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "42b205fa-d6e0-44a8-85a3-25acbf52aa9e",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
                 },
-                "source": "2e33b710-1336-43e8-a894-76615b6d159b",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
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-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
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-                "grid": true,
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-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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-                "labelColor": "#000000",
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-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 400],
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+        },
+        {
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+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
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+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "symbol",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_points_593211b0-ae6e-41d9-8b26-bbe9c6c46580"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
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-        "marks": [
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-                "type": "symbol",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_points_2c8944e0-d58c-4821-b226-7c1bf0391248"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
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-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "value": "#ff0000"
-                        },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#ff0000"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
-                        }
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "value": "#ff0000"
+                    },
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#ff0000"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "size": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "shape": {
+                        "value": "circle"
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "092a9afa-d843-5295-be01-487eecc277ed"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_coloring_with_cmap.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_coloring_with_cmap.json
index e81458b8..f533cd8f 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_coloring_with_cmap.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_coloring_with_cmap.json
@@ -1,202 +1,197 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
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-            "text": "global",
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-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "75b59781-1162-4506-bd17-98b42267e110",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "bb48e2f0-f0e5-4a00-936d-717d4cfc34e0",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_0931a066-1c38-453c-a1e1-80dbea88b4c0",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_30e12d8e-0316-4b1d-be8a-deef59ecc26d",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "75b59781-1162-4506-bd17-98b42267e110",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
                 },
-                "source": "bb48e2f0-f0e5-4a00-936d-717d4cfc34e0",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_b48dc294-3e50-47f3-b3cd-c2462fd66b51",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": ["gene_a", "gene_b"],
+            "range": ["#8000ff", "#ff0000"]
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "discrete",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "fill": "color_b48dc294-3e50-47f3-b3cd-c2462fd66b51",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "columns": 1,
+            "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+            "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+            "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+            "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+            "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+            "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 228.2155555555555,
+            "legendY": 217.95875
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+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "symbol",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_points_0931a066-1c38-453c-a1e1-80dbea88b4c0"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "scale": "color_b48dc294-3e50-47f3-b3cd-c2462fd66b51",
+                        "field": "genes"
+                    },
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_b48dc294-3e50-47f3-b3cd-c2462fd66b51",
+                        "field": "genes"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "size": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "shape": {
+                        "value": "circle"
                     }
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-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_1a9abef0-d3b1-4b35-8e2a-3ebee601d1e6",
-                "type": "ordinal",
-                "domain": ["gene_a", "gene_b"],
-                "range": ["#8000ff", "#ff0000"]
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
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-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
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-                "grid": true,
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-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
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-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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-        ],
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-                "direction": "vertical",
-                "fill": "color_1a9abef0-d3b1-4b35-8e2a-3ebee601d1e6",
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-                "labelOpacity": 1,
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-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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-                "type": "symbol",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_points_30e12d8e-0316-4b1d-be8a-deef59ecc26d"
                 },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "scale": "color_1a9abef0-d3b1-4b35-8e2a-3ebee601d1e6",
-                            "field": "genes"
-                        },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_1a9abef0-d3b1-4b35-8e2a-3ebee601d1e6",
-                            "field": "genes"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "e42c5ca4-6b5e-5541-abb2-1c2df673c824"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_coloring_with_palette.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_coloring_with_palette.json
index 0362f006..b552ed8f 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_coloring_with_palette.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_coloring_with_palette.json
@@ -1,202 +1,197 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "7f7bba57-d695-4be7-abbb-7c35c6749d96",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "13388e27-1782-4b87-8281-c0ddb14aae1b",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_041bdafa-2c77-4fa9-9ace-34ef4c3f856c",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_52fb5fc0-9afc-4a57-a869-c39571a5ffbc",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "7f7bba57-d695-4be7-abbb-7c35c6749d96",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
                 },
-                "source": "13388e27-1782-4b87-8281-c0ddb14aae1b",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_2ef2dae0-98d4-456f-a139-ffbf7a7ed66b",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": ["gene_a", "gene_b"],
+            "range": ["#90ee90", "#00008b"]
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "discrete",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "fill": "color_2ef2dae0-98d4-456f-a139-ffbf7a7ed66b",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "columns": 1,
+            "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+            "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+            "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+            "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+            "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+            "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 228.2155555555555,
+            "legendY": 217.95875
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+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "symbol",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_points_041bdafa-2c77-4fa9-9ace-34ef4c3f856c"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "scale": "color_2ef2dae0-98d4-456f-a139-ffbf7a7ed66b",
+                        "field": "genes"
+                    },
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_2ef2dae0-98d4-456f-a139-ffbf7a7ed66b",
+                        "field": "genes"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "size": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "shape": {
+                        "value": "circle"
                     }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_8b794912-322f-4224-b94a-d46d9cf07caa",
-                "type": "ordinal",
-                "domain": ["gene_a", "gene_b"],
-                "range": ["#90ee90", "#00008b"]
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "legend": [
-            {
-                "type": "discrete",
-                "direction": "vertical",
-                "fill": "color_8b794912-322f-4224-b94a-d46d9cf07caa",
-                "orient": "none",
-                "columns": 1,
-                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
-                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
-                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
-                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
-                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
-                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
-                "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "legendX": 228.2155555555555,
-                "legendY": 217.95875
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-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "symbol",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_points_52fb5fc0-9afc-4a57-a869-c39571a5ffbc"
                 },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "scale": "color_8b794912-322f-4224-b94a-d46d9cf07caa",
-                            "field": "genes"
-                        },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_8b794912-322f-4224-b94a-d46d9cf07caa",
-                            "field": "genes"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "56c80743-91e0-53d6-b998-e32915e55eac"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_color_by_category.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_color_by_category.json
index be28e53c..8a2dc1fd 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_color_by_category.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_color_by_category.json
@@ -1,214 +1,209 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "39c3e105-9059-4e61-8e84-f248c21a9b4c",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "e960e36b-8d16-4105-b7be-fb3f6f948b39",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_97f7724d-b13b-4239-a028-9f60474b7103",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_db7b1313-a14c-4c36-a92b-67ea2fae974b",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "39c3e105-9059-4e61-8e84-f248c21a9b4c",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "e960e36b-8d16-4105-b7be-fb3f6f948b39",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["genes"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["genes"]
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "spread",
+                    "field": ["genes"],
+                    "px": 4,
+                    "as": ["genes"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_9dd2a41a-8a3f-4085-9340-096ca9ec56cb",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": ["gene_b"],
+            "range": ["#90ee90"]
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "discrete",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "fill": "color_9dd2a41a-8a3f-4085-9340-096ca9ec56cb",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "columns": 1,
+            "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+            "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+            "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+            "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+            "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+            "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 228.2155555555555,
+            "legendY": 35.955555555555634
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "symbol",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_points_97f7724d-b13b-4239-a028-9f60474b7103"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "scale": "color_9dd2a41a-8a3f-4085-9340-096ca9ec56cb",
+                        "field": "genes"
+                    },
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_9dd2a41a-8a3f-4085-9340-096ca9ec56cb",
+                        "field": "genes"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["genes"],
-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["genes"]
+                    "size": {
+                        "value": 20
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "spread",
-                        "field": ["genes"],
-                        "px": 4,
-                        "as": ["genes"]
+                    "shape": {
+                        "value": "circle"
                     }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_d1418d65-2d63-41ab-afff-e52b3dae1f16",
-                "type": "ordinal",
-                "domain": ["gene_b"],
-                "range": ["#90ee90"]
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "legend": [
-            {
-                "type": "discrete",
-                "direction": "vertical",
-                "fill": "color_d1418d65-2d63-41ab-afff-e52b3dae1f16",
-                "orient": "none",
-                "columns": 1,
-                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
-                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
-                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
-                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
-                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
-                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
-                "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "legendX": 228.2155555555555,
-                "legendY": 35.955555555555634
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "symbol",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_points_db7b1313-a14c-4c36-a92b-67ea2fae974b"
                 },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "scale": "color_d1418d65-2d63-41ab-afff-e52b3dae1f16",
-                            "field": "genes"
-                        },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_d1418d65-2d63-41ab-afff-e52b3dae1f16",
-                            "field": "genes"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 20
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "9e021ca3-a6a0-5755-90c1-d4c752f6ec7d"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_transform_points.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_transform_points.json
index 74b196f3..f614c025 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_transform_points.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_transform_points.json
@@ -1,173 +1,168 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "391aff9d-0c22-4df0-bfb3-1fb464031f39",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "470bfbb0-19c8-4386-9cca-62940b06c8ca",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_a51f2137-2eee-43cb-b5cb-58ed1bf4e42d",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_677ad7a8-dfd0-4522-9679-442a0dab40b6",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "391aff9d-0c22-4df0-bfb3-1fb464031f39",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
                 },
-                "source": "470bfbb0-19c8-4386-9cca-62940b06c8ca",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "spread",
+                    "field": ["count"],
+                    "px": 2,
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_any_as_reduction.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_any_as_reduction.json
index 18acadf1..e5739ef2 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_any_as_reduction.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_any_as_reduction.json
@@ -1,233 +1,228 @@
-[
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-            "fontStyle": "normal",
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-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
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-                        "stroke": {
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-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
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+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_8a9f6933-7822-4641-927a-56ce5989a1b3",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) < 1.0",
+                            "value": "#440154"
                         },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
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-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 40
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) > 2.0",
+                            "value": "#fde725"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
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-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 1.0",
-                                "value": "#440154"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 2.0",
-                                "value": "#fde725"
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-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_count_as_reduction.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_count_as_reduction.json
index 4c4eb426..0408dd47 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_count_as_reduction.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_count_as_reduction.json
@@ -1,233 +1,228 @@
-[
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
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+            "source": "cdb9d2a3-d822-43b7-aaf7-b430a06ef57b",
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+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
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+                {
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+                    "expr": "global"
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+                    "field": ["instance_id"],
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-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
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+                    "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 0) / (4 - 0)",
+                    "as": "f40aece7-eb8c-4421-9029-c32fa8cf382a"
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+            "type": "linear",
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+                "field": ["instance_id"]
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+                "update": {
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+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_1bb047cb-32c5-482e-81cc-514ebfaa223a",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
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-                        "shape": {
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+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) > 4",
+                            "value": "#fde725"
                         }
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-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
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-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 4",
-                                "value": "#fde725"
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_max_as_reduction.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_max_as_reduction.json
index d2aa5d50..c5fc2dec 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_max_as_reduction.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_max_as_reduction.json
@@ -1,233 +1,228 @@
-[
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+        {
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-                "format": {
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-                    "version": "0.1"
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-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
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-                        "stroke": {
-                            "scale": "color_e0adcb61-4468-4309-b011-19edb4b01312",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
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+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_e0adcb61-4468-4309-b011-19edb4b01312",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
+                            "value": "#440154"
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-                        "size": {
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-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) > 9.0",
+                            "value": "#fde725"
                         }
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-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
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-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
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-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 9.0",
-                                "value": "#fde725"
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_mean_as_reduction.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_mean_as_reduction.json
index 33496927..12954ab2 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_mean_as_reduction.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_mean_as_reduction.json
@@ -1,233 +1,228 @@
-[
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
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-            "fontStyle": "normal",
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+{
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+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
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+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
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+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
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+        {
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+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.1"
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "9dd35f19-a1b0-4dce-b59d-7f3514202d06",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"],
+                    "ops": ["mean"],
+                    "as": ["instance_id"]
                 },
-                "source": "9b74f0ec-208d-497e-82ec-0c357cc54c20",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                {
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+                    "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 0.0) / (9.0 - 0.0)",
+                    "as": "05b233c1-668d-4235-ad6e-48943b96c83a"
+                },
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+                    "field": ["instance_id"],
+                    "px": 5,
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+        {
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+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_points_d5dbde4c-0908-4d4e-b664-71b63d826eda",
+                "field": ["instance_id"]
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+            "range": {
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+    "axes": [
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+            "domainOpacity": 1,
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+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
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+                        "field": "x"
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-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
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+                        "field": "y"
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-                    {
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-                        "field": ["instance_id"],
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+                    "stroke": {
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+                    "fillOpacity": {
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-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "scale": "color_53b2358d-76f1-49bc-b33b-472688998b4e",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_53b2358d-76f1-49bc-b33b-472688998b4e",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
+                            "value": "#440154"
                         },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 40
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) > 9.0",
+                            "value": "#fde725"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
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-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
-                                "value": "#440154"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 9.0",
-                                "value": "#fde725"
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             }
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-        "usermeta": {
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-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_min_as_reduction.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_min_as_reduction.json
index 093b91a7..d17017bd 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_min_as_reduction.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_min_as_reduction.json
@@ -1,233 +1,228 @@
-[
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-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
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+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_f08a9f2d-4d95-4f6d-8b9e-9205a90c33d4",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_dfa8f4e6-1a36-461d-81c2-dbb1b63461f1",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "992a0776-2b16-4b67-a01d-b46cda4dfd4e",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"],
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+                    "as": "328cf4ad-992a-4499-8e76-eaa986c9fa16"
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+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
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+                "field": ["instance_id"]
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+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
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                         },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_e518e05b-0b89-4b8f-8c50-d03cbfebf550",
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+                            "value": "#fde725"
                         }
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_norm_with_clip.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_norm_with_clip.json
index fa23e8dc..d093cb5e 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_norm_with_clip.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_norm_with_clip.json
@@ -1,233 +1,228 @@
-[
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-                            "field": "x"
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-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "scale": "color_6ca0b889-2c50-477d-bd15-51263c921740",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_6ca0b889-2c50-477d-bd15-51263c921740",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) < 3.0",
+                            "value": "#000000"
                         },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 40
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) > 7.0",
+                            "value": "#808080"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 3.0",
-                                "value": "#000000"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 7.0",
-                                "value": "#808080"
-                            }
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             }
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-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "219ad93c-19f2-5e11-8985-e263a6c1104b"
         }
-    }
-]
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_norm_without_clip.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_norm_without_clip.json
index ec0e92d5..d2283551 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_norm_without_clip.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_norm_without_clip.json
@@ -1,233 +1,228 @@
-[
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
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+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_eb0858ef-d6c9-4eb9-9bd3-608738c6605b",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_eb43c523-343b-49d9-9a22-dcfa8322cd3b",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "2c06bec6-b203-4633-a33e-7653b4a26440",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"],
+                    "ops": ["max"],
+                    "as": ["instance_id"]
                 },
-                "source": "a8114eb6-540c-49e0-9f7a-b2a4cd8eec4a",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                {
+                    "type": "formula",
+                    "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 3.0) / (7.0 - 3.0)",
+                    "as": "99b15c9a-111e-4a07-91f0-e2b3080b506c"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "spread",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"],
+                    "px": 5,
+                    "as": ["instance_id"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_b45a82ef-6e7e-4dec-b140-1a4042f3f254",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_points_eb0858ef-d6c9-4eb9-9bd3-608738c6605b",
+                "field": ["instance_id"]
+            },
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "viridis",
+                "count": 256
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
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+            "labelFont": "Arial",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
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+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "gradient",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_b45a82ef-6e7e-4dec-b140-1a4042f3f254",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
+            "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+            "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+            "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "values": [3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0],
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+            "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+            "zindex": 0
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+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "symbol",
+            "from": {
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+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["instance_id"],
-                        "ops": ["max"],
-                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "scale": "color_b45a82ef-6e7e-4dec-b140-1a4042f3f254",
+                        "value": "instance_id"
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-                        "as": "00b44404-8c4d-44f9-b3af-e8823b97f6e4"
+                    "fill": {
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+                        "value": "instance_id"
                     },
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-                        "field": ["instance_id"],
-                        "px": 5,
-                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    "fillOpacity": {
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-                "encode": {
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-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "scale": "color_2bc131ec-f456-486d-9c4c-d6731049b157",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_2bc131ec-f456-486d-9c4c-d6731049b157",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) < 3.0",
+                            "value": "#000000"
                         },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 40
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) > 7.0",
+                            "value": "#808080"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 3.0",
-                                "value": "#000000"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 7.0",
-                                "value": "#808080"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "abc9ca0e-7d42-56fb-bf14-4cff0cfac071"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_std_as_reduction.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_std_as_reduction.json
index 096319b3..96e3c2ee 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_std_as_reduction.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_std_as_reduction.json
@@ -1,233 +1,228 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
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-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "3d9fb55d-1924-454b-ab46-82914e20905e",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "fdf4bcf4-ade7-4c9e-90ae-4ca5a11c4eea",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_b59d28b9-5a05-4fb7-b4f5-9af8f671b296",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_e3245574-274f-4e36-909f-94bb09851dbc",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "3d9fb55d-1924-454b-ab46-82914e20905e",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"],
+                    "ops": ["stdev"],
+                    "as": ["instance_id"]
                 },
-                "source": "fdf4bcf4-ade7-4c9e-90ae-4ca5a11c4eea",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                {
+                    "type": "formula",
+                    "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 0.0) / (1.0 - 0.0)",
+                    "as": "582ba3d0-d97f-46f3-bea3-164f7eb7385e"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "spread",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"],
+                    "px": 5,
+                    "as": ["instance_id"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_715a81ad-2dae-45de-85e1-bb885e8c054d",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_points_b59d28b9-5a05-4fb7-b4f5-9af8f671b296",
+                "field": ["instance_id"]
+            },
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "viridis",
+                "count": 256
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
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-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "scale": "color_4dae2da9-23f3-4b20-9f86-a5213cc9e26b",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_4dae2da9-23f3-4b20-9f86-a5213cc9e26b",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
+                            "value": "#440154"
                         },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 40
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) > 3.5",
+                            "value": "#fde725"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
-                                "value": "#440154"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 3.5",
-                                "value": "#fde725"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "fd2c678d-7d6e-5208-93c9-2be49387c1a9"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_sum_as_reduction.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_sum_as_reduction.json
index 78ed28ba..51298710 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_sum_as_reduction.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_sum_as_reduction.json
@@ -1,233 +1,228 @@
-[
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-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "cc8c7dac-a4a4-4843-b687-a31823d6d869",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_e423810c-57f3-44c0-a114-e6726f586e8a",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_5f0edb3e-239b-4b89-b998-aa5ff3c2bf43",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "cc8c7dac-a4a4-4843-b687-a31823d6d869",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"],
+                    "ops": ["sum"],
+                    "as": ["instance_id"]
                 },
-                "source": "06591540-f5a3-474b-abc8-805ded9aebb5",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                {
+                    "type": "formula",
+                    "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 0.0) / (23.0 - 0.0)",
+                    "as": "6bd60a69-d8dc-44b8-87fc-62efc8bf46ee"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "spread",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"],
+                    "px": 5,
+                    "as": ["instance_id"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_4d90dfe4-5b0f-48af-9fd8-c3b1d7ee67ea",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_points_e423810c-57f3-44c0-a114-e6726f586e8a",
+                "field": ["instance_id"]
+            },
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "viridis",
+                "count": 256
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
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+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "gradient",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_4d90dfe4-5b0f-48af-9fd8-c3b1d7ee67ea",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
+            "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+            "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
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+            "values": [0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0],
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+            "legendY": 28.80000000000001,
+            "zindex": 0
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+    "marks": [
+        {
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+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["instance_id"],
-                        "ops": ["sum"],
-                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "scale": "color_4d90dfe4-5b0f-48af-9fd8-c3b1d7ee67ea",
+                        "value": "instance_id"
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-                        "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 0.0) / (23.0 - 0.0)",
-                        "as": "cd5a7563-6768-4091-9fa9-945049362c84"
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_4d90dfe4-5b0f-48af-9fd8-c3b1d7ee67ea",
+                        "value": "instance_id"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "spread",
-                        "field": ["instance_id"],
-                        "px": 5,
-                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "size": {
+                        "value": 40
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+                    "shape": {
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-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
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-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "scale": "color_63465eb7-a372-4d37-b3d2-6dc8c5098210",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_63465eb7-a372-4d37-b3d2-6dc8c5098210",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
+                            "value": "#440154"
                         },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 40
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) > 23.0",
+                            "value": "#fde725"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 0.0",
-                                "value": "#440154"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 23.0",
-                                "value": "#fde725"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "1292d576-8d89-5104-aff7-4a491c68cc79"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_var_as_reduction.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_var_as_reduction.json
index d7bc1f94..eca702a2 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_var_as_reduction.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_can_use_var_as_reduction.json
@@ -1,233 +1,228 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
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-        "title": {
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-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "362bd067-7a88-492c-8a70-4815bbb55e12",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "3924ef3f-5bad-4078-a20b-b83cc95e46e0",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_b04a7fec-6777-494a-94af-e53eaa5d1fd9",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_37b90668-23fe-41da-8cb6-10e89182ea71",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "362bd067-7a88-492c-8a70-4815bbb55e12",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"],
+                    "ops": ["variance"],
+                    "as": ["instance_id"]
                 },
-                "source": "3924ef3f-5bad-4078-a20b-b83cc95e46e0",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                {
+                    "type": "formula",
+                    "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 0.0) / (1.0 - 0.0)",
+                    "as": "c8d73f6f-74e2-40d6-b446-27795d689afb"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "spread",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"],
+                    "px": 5,
+                    "as": ["instance_id"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_9f365982-e562-466d-b5af-974151f3a43f",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_points_b04a7fec-6777-494a-94af-e53eaa5d1fd9",
+                "field": ["instance_id"]
+            },
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "viridis",
+                "count": 256
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_continuous_color.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_continuous_color.json
index 6390dc7d..791ee699 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_continuous_color.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_continuous_color.json
@@ -1,233 +1,228 @@
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_matplotlib_stack.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_matplotlib_stack.json
index 9f96e0cd..979856e7 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_matplotlib_stack.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_matplotlib_stack.json
@@ -1,225 +1,220 @@
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_with_clip.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_with_clip.json
index c883544c..f2632200 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_with_clip.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_with_clip.json
@@ -1,233 +1,228 @@
-[
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-                            "field": "x"
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-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "scale": "color_870841cb-9849-486a-9718-b7dc2b9a8696",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_870841cb-9849-486a-9718-b7dc2b9a8696",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) < 4.5",
+                            "value": "#000000"
                         },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 40
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) > 5.5",
+                            "value": "#808080"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 4.5",
-                                "value": "#000000"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 5.5",
-                                "value": "#808080"
-                            }
-                        ]
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             }
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-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "2da4b197-d884-5d88-9b7f-f0938e46d5fc"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_without_clip.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_without_clip.json
index 7c1cbd2a..b10947ff 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_without_clip.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_without_clip.json
@@ -1,233 +1,228 @@
-[
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
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+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
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+    "data": [
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+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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-                "format": {
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-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_7bb6e31a-168c-4322-964e-9ccb5e8db60c",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_b8d9acdc-6fe9-4f4c-af19-939db0848fa0",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "d8f2aa71-acde-41f4-ae10-1f7c465ee553",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"],
+                    "ops": ["max"],
+                    "as": ["instance_id"]
                 },
-                "source": "3805b8ab-5acb-4e9d-8832-13692baa5717",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                {
+                    "type": "formula",
+                    "expr": "(datum.instance_id - 4.5) / (5.5 - 4.5)",
+                    "as": "682c310a-4a2c-4643-81cb-1d9d5e42f7b0"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "spread",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"],
+                    "px": 5,
+                    "as": ["instance_id"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_f2455f8a-9f44-4086-9e7a-e6c82613d3a9",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_points_7bb6e31a-168c-4322-964e-9ccb5e8db60c",
+                "field": ["instance_id"]
+            },
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "viridis",
+                "count": 256
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
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+            "labelFont": "Arial",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
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+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+    "legend": [
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+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_f2455f8a-9f44-4086-9e7a-e6c82613d3a9",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
+            "gradientOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
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+            "values": [4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5.0, 5.2, 5.4, 5.6],
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+            "labelOpacity": 1,
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+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+            "legendY": 28.80000000000001,
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+    "marks": [
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+            "encode": {
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+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
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-                        "field": ["instance_id"],
-                        "ops": ["max"],
-                        "as": ["instance_id"]
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "scale": "color_f2455f8a-9f44-4086-9e7a-e6c82613d3a9",
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+                    "fill": {
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+                    "fillOpacity": {
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-                        "x": {
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-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "scale": "color_2aa506c2-0320-4b23-b31d-4fef521bc043",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_2aa506c2-0320-4b23-b31d-4fef521bc043",
-                            "value": "instance_id"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) < 4.5",
+                            "value": "#000000"
                         },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 40
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.instance_id) > 5.5",
+                            "value": "#808080"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) < 4.5",
-                                "value": "#000000"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.instance_id) > 5.5",
-                                "value": "#808080"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "0bd97ed6-96c9-5b21-aaf5-61df80e48236"
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-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_mpl_and_datashader_point_sizes_agree_after_altered_dpi.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_mpl_and_datashader_point_sizes_agree_after_altered_dpi.json
index 93a2a053..89f1c1c7 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_mpl_and_datashader_point_sizes_agree_after_altered_dpi.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_mpl_and_datashader_point_sizes_agree_after_altered_dpi.json
@@ -1,225 +1,220 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 800.0,
-        "width": 800.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 144.0,
-            "top": 71.99999999999997,
-            "right": 32.00000000000003,
-            "bottom": 120.0
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 38.888888888888886,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 800.0,
+    "width": 800.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 144.0,
+        "top": 71.99999999999997,
+        "right": 32.00000000000003,
+        "bottom": 120.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 38.888888888888886,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "c7e50577-ac41-4f0f-8c55-6595f68feec5",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "fe73f6c8-17d5-473a-84c5-6c8327b3a63d",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_ba437bf3-0521-4f38-b9dd-1d1514662548",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_58755652-81c2-4b5a-8179-fa7918be1be9",
-                "format": {
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+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color.json
index 7638f681..bbef138d 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color.json
@@ -1,225 +1,220 @@
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-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_points_239dff7b-58c0-4ae2-b12b-a819153d99fc"
                 },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "scale": "color_c9c08d34-4ffc-4d93-9dcf-c856840a63ed",
-                            "field": "category"
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-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_c9c08d34-4ffc-4d93-9dcf-c856840a63ed",
-                            "field": "category"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.category)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.category)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "b277432b-3009-5416-9d63-189fcb81800b"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color_column_datashader.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color_column_datashader.json
index 51045a53..e2f102b1 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color_column_datashader.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color_column_datashader.json
@@ -1,214 +1,209 @@
-[
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
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+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
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+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "c45d84d6-45de-4d8a-906e-fb15f30e849c",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_598650b0-9873-41ef-9ffc-5e5bcd961b1e",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_2ddb998f-e6e5-4809-b6b9-6dbe30556cbb",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "c45d84d6-45de-4d8a-906e-fb15f30e849c",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "9fe7d2fe-1bba-461d-bcf8-f9ba438019fd",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["genes"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["genes"]
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "spread",
+                    "field": ["genes"],
+                    "px": 1,
+                    "as": ["genes"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_eb0dbacf-185d-4a3c-9dc9-d8dfd904be66",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": ["gene_a", "gene_b"],
+            "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e"]
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
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+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+            "tickColor": "#000000",
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+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 400],
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+        },
+        {
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+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
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+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+            "tickColor": "#000000",
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+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400, 500],
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+    "legend": [
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+            "type": "discrete",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "fill": "color_eb0dbacf-185d-4a3c-9dc9-d8dfd904be66",
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+                        "field": "x"
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+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
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+                    "stroke": {
+                        "scale": "color_eb0dbacf-185d-4a3c-9dc9-d8dfd904be66",
+                        "field": "genes"
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+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_eb0dbacf-185d-4a3c-9dc9-d8dfd904be66",
+                        "field": "genes"
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-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
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-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["genes"],
-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["genes"]
+                    "size": {
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-                        "field": ["genes"],
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-                        "as": ["genes"]
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-                            "field": "genes"
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-                        "size": {
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-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
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-        "usermeta": {
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         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color_column_matplotlib.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color_column_matplotlib.json
index 391c01b6..697b9349 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color_column_matplotlib.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_categorical_color_column_matplotlib.json
@@ -1,202 +1,197 @@
-[
-    {
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
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+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
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+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
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+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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-                }
+        {
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+                "version": "0.1"
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "10988ceb-98e9-4f84-bfaf-f6f8b6c850d3",
+            "transform": [
+                {
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+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
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-                "source": "3bdb2a3f-2e0b-4765-b173-22ae708330e3",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_61d22926-8179-47eb-945e-c246ad7d810d",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": ["gene_a", "gene_b"],
+            "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e"]
+        }
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+    "axes": [
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+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
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+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
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+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
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+                    "stroke": {
+                        "scale": "color_61d22926-8179-47eb-945e-c246ad7d810d",
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-                "type": "ordinal",
-                "domain": ["gene_a", "gene_b"],
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-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
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-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "scale": "color_b60cf777-0797-473d-9dbb-4fccf4be0df9",
-                            "field": "genes"
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-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_b60cf777-0797-473d-9dbb-4fccf4be0df9",
-                            "field": "genes"
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-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.genes)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
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             }
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-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "9b84b104-c451-573c-97c0-d851f9cf1250"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_coercable_categorical_color.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_coercable_categorical_color.json
index 4a921688..dc8ef6ab 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_coercable_categorical_color.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_coercable_categorical_color.json
@@ -1,225 +1,220 @@
-[
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
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-            "fontStyle": "normal",
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+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
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+    "title": {
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+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
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+    "data": [
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+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+        {
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+                "version": 0.1
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+            "transform": [
+                {
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+                    "expr": "other_table"
                 }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_9ea39e4b-3942-4ae7-a1d8-1471ea118296",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "8e439704-35af-40bc-942e-a10979271074",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "d101f387-af84-4b81-99ce-a3badc823f1a",
+            "transform": [
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+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
                 },
-                "source": "e1552ed7-ed9a-49f7-bbb6-846bde9e0bc1",
-                "transform": [
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-            {
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+                {
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+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "e1552ed7-ed9a-49f7-bbb6-846bde9e0bc1",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                {
+                    "type": "lookup",
+                    "from": "5170b494-49c9-4056-bb08-c985e3b2e2e1",
+                    "key": "instance_id",
+                    "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                    "values": ["category"],
+                    "as": ["category"],
+                    "default": null
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+            "domain": [3.0, 509.0],
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+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [507.0, 4.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_95c97f3a-2fb9-408b-a0fa-8c5b8b2ca9d7",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": ["a", "b", "c"],
+            "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68"]
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+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
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+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
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+            "values": [200, 400],
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+            "domain": true,
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+            "gridCap": "butt",
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+            "direction": "vertical",
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+            "encode": {
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+                        "field": "x"
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+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "scale": "color_95c97f3a-2fb9-408b-a0fa-8c5b8b2ca9d7",
+                        "field": "category"
+                    },
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_95c97f3a-2fb9-408b-a0fa-8c5b8b2ca9d7",
+                        "field": "category"
                     },
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-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "lookup",
-                        "from": "8e439704-35af-40bc-942e-a10979271074",
-                        "key": "instance_id",
-                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
-                        "values": ["category"],
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-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
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-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "scale": "color_82b5b1f7-8786-4ce3-ae17-e97dfd74c5f1",
-                            "field": "category"
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-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_82b5b1f7-8786-4ce3-ae17-e97dfd74c5f1",
-                            "field": "category"
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-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "size": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "shape": {
-                            "value": "circle"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.category)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.category)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "a2b14124-7ccb-55cc-a9f8-531a8cefaf74"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_continuous_color_column_datashader.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_continuous_color_column_datashader.json
index 310eb18b..d72a27c1 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_continuous_color_column_datashader.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_continuous_color_column_datashader.json
@@ -1,233 +1,228 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "68daa5ee-8c53-4c34-8d8a-e4fc0c4ee1e9",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
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-                "name": "882207e6-e04a-47d1-9bf6-68a1c6e59817",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_points_018564f6-057f-46a8-a52b-9086e75d9284",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_points_75d73c23-3eea-4a4f-87cb-a35740cfe77e",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "68daa5ee-8c53-4c34-8d8a-e4fc0c4ee1e9",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_points"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["instance_id"],
+                    "ops": ["sum"],
+                    "as": ["instance_id"]
                 },
-                "source": "882207e6-e04a-47d1-9bf6-68a1c6e59817",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_points"
+                {
+                    "type": "formula",
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_continuous_color_column_matplotlib.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_continuous_color_column_matplotlib.json
index 13c8a32f..3c17c1a3 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_continuous_color_column_matplotlib.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_continuous_color_column_matplotlib.json
@@ -1,208 +1,203 @@
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+                "data": "blobs_points_d0a641ed-3f0e-441f-8f2c-a96622ff28e8"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
                     },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "scale": "color_72541271-1cee-4f59-903a-2aa0e38bfe96",
+                        "value": "instance_id"
+                    },
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_72541271-1cee-4f59-903a-2aa0e38bfe96",
+                        "value": "instance_id"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "size": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "shape": {
+                        "value": "circle"
                     }
+                },
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "9ef92755-d335-544c-8deb-63c63776e574"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_transformed_ds_agrees_with_mpl.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_transformed_ds_agrees_with_mpl.json
index d4700daa..b9aa77db 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_transformed_ds_agrees_with_mpl.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Points_points_transformed_ds_agrees_with_mpl.json
@@ -1,225 +1,220 @@
-[
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
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+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "cd447067-24c2-4f8a-8eb3-3c88e8442c58",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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-                "format": {
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-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "points1_2355f2a3-ebeb-476b-a52a-ae94b43ae962",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "points1_a3aaddcc-5548-4b3b-aab8-85bd9fc8655c",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "cd447067-24c2-4f8a-8eb3-3c88e8442c58",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "points1"
                 },
-                "source": "1726166b-d3f2-4d72-99da-5002a67ff362",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "points1"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "points1_e2f780ff-20e8-4e3e-be7f-abc949020e14",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "PointsFormatV01",
+                "version": "0.1"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "points1_5135bd5c-be45-475d-acdb-ba94c1d91548",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "PointsFormatV01",
-                    "version": "0.1"
+            "source": "cd447067-24c2-4f8a-8eb3-3c88e8442c58",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "points1"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
                 },
-                "source": "1726166b-d3f2-4d72-99da-5002a67ff362",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "points1"
+                {
+                    "type": "spread",
+                    "field": ["count"],
+                    "px": 3,
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
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+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 20.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [20.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
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+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
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+            "labelFont": "Arial",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
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+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 5, 10, 15, 20],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
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+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 5, 10, 15, 20],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
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+    "marks": [
+        {
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+            "from": {
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+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
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-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["*"],
-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["count"]
+                    "stroke": {
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+                    "fill": {
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+            "from": {
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-                        "size": {
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-                        "shape": {
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+            "zindex": 1,
+            "encode": {
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+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "value": "#ff0000"
+                    },
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#ff0000"
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+                    "fillOpacity": {
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+                    },
+                    "size": {
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-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "ec28cecf-b4ae-5607-b2e6-16c709515234"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_annotate_shapes_with_table_layer.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_annotate_shapes_with_table_layer.json
index 27f36f04..bc20fe6c 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_annotate_shapes_with_table_layer.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_annotate_shapes_with_table_layer.json
@@ -1,227 +1,222 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
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+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
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+            "name": "4fa14607-0505-4772-bfc0-7711dece0336",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
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-                "format": {
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-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "e503ab70-9515-42d3-846f-4c480f066903",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": 0.1
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "4fa14607-0505-4772-bfc0-7711dece0336",
+            "transform": [
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+                    "expr": "circle_table"
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-                "source": "64e6de4c-0932-40bf-9d1c-1a2c6e98f849",
-                "transform": [
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-                        "expr": "circle_table"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_layer",
-                        "expr": "normalized"
-                    }
-                ]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_layer",
+                    "expr": "normalized"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_3abbf654-22fc-4fc6-9ae7-cd3f4e4f5c37",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "4fa14607-0505-4772-bfc0-7711dece0336",
+            "transform": [
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+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "64e6de4c-0932-40bf-9d1c-1a2c6e98f849",
-                "transform": [
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-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_circles_38e2c2a8-4313-436b-bb2c-552c6d436637",
-                    "field": ["feature0"]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "range": {
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-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "lookup",
+                    "from": "e503ab70-9515-42d3-846f-4c480f066903",
+                    "key": "instance_id",
+                    "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                    "values": ["feature0"],
+                    "as": ["feature0"],
+                    "default": null
                 }
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-        "axes": [
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-                "domain": true,
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+            ]
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+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+            "range": "width"
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+        {
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+        {
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+            "type": "linear",
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-                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
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-                "direction": "vertical",
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-                "fill": "color_1e9988a3-db33-4210-9f58-f16cb35e4dcd",
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+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
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+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
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+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
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+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
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+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "gradient",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_cd9b06e5-cab1-400e-9c14-6b4ff91b60b8",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
+            "gradientOpacity": null,
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+            "values": [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+            "legendY": 28.80000000000001,
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+    "marks": [
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+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
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+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
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+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.feature0)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_cd9b06e5-cab1-400e-9c14-6b4ff91b60b8",
+                        "value": "feature0"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
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+                },
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.feature0)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        }
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-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "a3813fed-be51-538f-83dd-06a512830bc3"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_from_geodataframe.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_from_geodataframe.json
index 36bbfa9e..c33e62cd 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_from_geodataframe.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_from_geodataframe.json
@@ -1,200 +1,195 @@
-[
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-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
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+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "7184d547-7537-424f-95e7-68fd7eadd421",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_0dd8ebf1-45df-48e7-ab67-50e27324c1b9",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
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-                "name": "color_e565b379-e9cb-4460-978e-0caef33fb0ec",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_7d720f83-4fe2-45e6-a7b5-2d1d7e185a25",
-                    "field": "value"
+            "source": "7184d547-7537-424f-95e7-68fd7eadd421",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "viridis",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 }
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-        "axes": [
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-                "domain": true,
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+    ],
+    "scales": [
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+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
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+        {
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+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
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+                "field": "value"
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-                            "value": "value"
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-                        "fillOpacity": {
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+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
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+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
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+        {
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+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
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+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
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+            "type": "gradient",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_d4fdda4d-9f6e-4cfc-9213-0d7bb37d7e0a",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+            "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+            "zindex": 0
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+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_0dd8ebf1-45df-48e7-ab67-50e27324c1b9"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_d4fdda4d-9f6e-4cfc-9213-0d7bb37d7e0a",
+                        "value": "value"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
+                },
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        }
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             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "805fba9f-d0ad-55ca-b00a-7abaee39455a"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_two_queried_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_two_queried_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json
index 96c82233..fe9aab26 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_two_queried_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_two_queried_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json
@@ -1,323 +1,318 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
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-        "title": {
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-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "860c9c99-e548-4cb8-a0f6-5f63dcce1297",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+        {
+            "name": "b8455f5c-77ed-4379-ad7e-aca7a3e8b006",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                "version": 0.1
+            },
+            "source": "860c9c99-e548-4cb8-a0f6-5f63dcce1297",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "table"
                 }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_2daf31a9-af43-4ace-be6c-bd49d5e759aa",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "59b535a5-8e62-4580-8093-16b150eea0de",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "860c9c99-e548-4cb8-a0f6-5f63dcce1297",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "bd0108a3-fb77-49a9-8e4a-1533fde4e945",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "table"
-                    }
-                ]
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+                "update": {
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+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         }
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-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
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+                    "fillOpacity": {
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+                },
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
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+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
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-            "axis_uuid": "e9fc6a54-acac-5dd0-b91d-f99aaf858a94"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_two_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_two_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json
index a571261f..be3d33af 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_two_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_two_shapes_elements_by_annotation.json
@@ -1,323 +1,318 @@
-[
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
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-            "fontStyle": "normal",
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+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
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+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
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+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
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+        "text": "global",
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+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
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+        "fontStyle": "normal",
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
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-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+        {
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+                "version": 0.1
+            },
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+            "transform": [
+                {
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+                    "expr": "table"
                 }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
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+            "format": {
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             },
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-                "format": {
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+            "source": "823e8f26-12b1-41d3-90f0-2eeb58eebe60",
+            "transform": [
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                 },
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-                "format": {
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+                {
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-                        "key": "instance_id",
-                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
-                        "values": ["annotation"],
-                        "as": ["annotation"],
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+                {
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+                    "from": "f7a30746-daf4-463c-82c2-48455da46487",
+                    "key": "instance_id",
+                    "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                    "values": ["annotation"],
+                    "as": ["annotation"],
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+            "source": "823e8f26-12b1-41d3-90f0-2eeb58eebe60",
+            "transform": [
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-                "transform": [
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+                {
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+                {
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+            "domain": ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"],
+            "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68", "#d62728", "#aa40fc"]
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+        {
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+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": ["v", "w", "x", "y", "z"],
+            "range": ["#8c564b", "#e377c2", "#b5bd61", "#17becf", "#aec7e8"]
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+    "axes": [
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
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+            "tickColor": "#000000",
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+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
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+        {
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+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
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+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
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+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "fill": "color_1daa0749-14b3-4cf2-aaa4-2278ce43b9c4",
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+            "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+            "legendY": 35.95555555555558
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "discrete",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "fill": "color_b5030bf1-11de-4ef3-8b47-3f0a92cf8822",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "columns": 1,
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+            "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 265.4655555555555,
+            "legendY": 35.95555555555558
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+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
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+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
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+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
                     },
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-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
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-                        "from": "57457ccb-a2b1-4413-9a24-c84c4c9075e5",
-                        "key": "instance_id",
-                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
-                        "values": ["annotation"],
-                        "as": ["annotation"],
-                        "default": null
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_1daa0749-14b3-4cf2-aaa4-2278ce43b9c4",
+                        "field": "annotation"
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-                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
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-                            "field": "annotation"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
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+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         }
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-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
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-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
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             },
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-                            "field": "annotation"
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-                        "fillOpacity": {
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+            "zindex": 1,
+            "encode": {
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+                        "field": "x"
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+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
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+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
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+                        "field": "annotation"
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-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
+                },
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
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-        "usermeta": {
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         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
index ff796d5c..b4808455 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
@@ -1,213 +1,208 @@
-[
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-        "width": 320.0,
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "2a3cb7b1-ae0f-4435-b36a-4c5b7e1e2579",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
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-                "name": "fdc9e739-d725-4bb7-8a8b-6bfb36e90090",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_f0419e07-6c30-4ef1-99d3-289cfc3b2ecf",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_b0b960ee-9fb6-4214-81d5-c36a06ecfa06",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "2a3cb7b1-ae0f-4435-b36a-4c5b7e1e2579",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "fdc9e739-d725-4bb7-8a8b-6bfb36e90090",
-                "transform": [
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-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
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-                    },
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-                    "field": "7ad8430a-6e1a-4bc8-87e8-50b6d3b0bc8f"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
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-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "formula",
+                    "expr": "(datum.value - 2.0) / (4.0 - 2.0)",
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-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_ea1449a7-9d4b-4a28-b3f3-972db58afc69",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_f0419e07-6c30-4ef1-99d3-289cfc3b2ecf",
+                "field": "e39f14f1-78f5-4c84-9bf0-4d7796f84ecd"
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+            "zindex": 0,
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+                        "field": "x"
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+                    "fill": {
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+                        "value": "e39f14f1-78f5-4c84-9bf0-4d7796f84ecd"
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-                "encode": {
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-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.value) < 2.0",
+                            "value": "#000000"
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-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
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-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.value) > 4.0",
+                            "value": "#808080"
                         }
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-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
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-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.value) < 2.0",
-                                "value": "#000000"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.value) > 4.0",
-                                "value": "#808080"
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-        "usermeta": {
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-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_do_non_matching_table.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_do_non_matching_table.json
index ebd7da2c..6994d8a9 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_do_non_matching_table.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_do_non_matching_table.json
@@ -1,223 +1,218 @@
-[
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
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+    "width": 320.0,
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+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
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-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+        {
+            "name": "fc701dbc-28d3-4673-bec9-35a86f476cbf",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": 0.1
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+            "transform": [
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+                    "expr": "new_table"
                 }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_4293ab8e-4a91-43ef-978f-1bcb19b179a1",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.2"
             },
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-                "format": {
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-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "f7e084fd-3650-4f18-9cab-ec5634ac6fe2",
+            "transform": [
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+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "290054c4-54ff-482b-b30e-cc8dc4ffcfac",
-                "transform": [
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-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "290054c4-54ff-482b-b30e-cc8dc4ffcfac",
-                "transform": [
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-                        "key": "instance_id",
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-                    "field": ["instance_id"]
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-                "range": {
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-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "lookup",
+                    "from": "fc701dbc-28d3-4673-bec9-35a86f476cbf",
+                    "key": "instance_id",
+                    "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                    "values": ["instance_id"],
+                    "as": ["instance_id"],
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+                "field": ["instance_id"]
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+            "direction": "vertical",
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+            "fill": "color_e9d0949f-f688-487a-b122-cb6d631417fa",
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
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+            "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
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+    "marks": [
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+            "encode": {
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+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_e9d0949f-f688-487a-b122-cb6d631417fa",
+                        "value": "instance_id"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
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+                },
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.instance_id)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        }
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-        "usermeta": {
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         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_filter_with_groups.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_filter_with_groups.json
index c1235dce..6bf19885 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_filter_with_groups.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_filter_with_groups.json
@@ -1,386 +1,443 @@
-[
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
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+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
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+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
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+                                    "value": "center"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "x": {
+                                "value": 229.72272727272727
+                            },
+                            "y": {
+                                "value": 79.50711019023186
+                            },
+                            "linebreak": {
+                                "value": "\n"
+                            }
                         }
                     },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.cluster)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    "zindex": 3
                 }
-            }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "1ab64093-d7dc-5249-ac86-63281b62455a"
+            ]
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_queried_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_queried_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json
index ad85d904..00072bf1 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_queried_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_queried_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json
@@ -1,217 +1,212 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "anchor": "middle",
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "94f41227-c5d8-490f-9afe-9650280ab6cd",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+        {
+            "name": "2ca53cc5-bfd1-467d-b900-7933b2b6c956",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                "version": 0.1
+            },
+            "source": "94f41227-c5d8-490f-9afe-9650280ab6cd",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "table"
                 }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_781a3df2-6e5a-41c5-a6b4-e972e43d13d3",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "9d227767-95c8-4380-a736-e9dba8590053",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "94f41227-c5d8-490f-9afe-9650280ab6cd",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "f99b4087-de4e-494e-9e8e-0e9bef02a71b",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "table"
-                    }
-                ]
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_0296f164-f43f-4e9c-be20-4c794ffad328",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "f99b4087-de4e-494e-9e8e-0e9bef02a71b",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                {
+                    "type": "lookup",
+                    "from": "2ca53cc5-bfd1-467d-b900-7933b2b6c956",
+                    "key": "instance_id",
+                    "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                    "values": ["annotation"],
+                    "as": ["annotation"],
+                    "default": null
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [98.92618678876784, 342.0621919542923],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [255.41373271401557, 137.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_7e7b1875-9e01-45bd-8579-6fc3330e79e7",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": ["a", "c", "d"],
+            "range": ["#1f77b4", "#279e68", "#d62728"]
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 150, 200, 250, 300],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "discrete",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "fill": "color_7e7b1875-9e01-45bd-8579-6fc3330e79e7",
+            "orient": "none",
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+            "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
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+            "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+            "labelAlign": "left",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 267.7155555555555,
+            "legendY": 35.95555555555558
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+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_circles_781a3df2-6e5a-41c5-a6b4-e972e43d13d3"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_7e7b1875-9e01-45bd-8579-6fc3330e79e7",
+                        "field": "annotation"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "lookup",
-                        "from": "9d227767-95c8-4380-a736-e9dba8590053",
-                        "key": "instance_id",
-                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
-                        "values": ["annotation"],
-                        "as": ["annotation"],
-                        "default": null
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
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-        "scales": [
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-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 342.0621919542923],
-                "range": "width"
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-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
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-                "domain": true,
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                 },
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-                "encode": {
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-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_f93e5a7f-0258-4db4-9a3a-3a2258daf35e",
-                            "field": "annotation"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "ac76fdef-61c7-5887-9715-552cfa435b5a"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_shapes_after_spatial_query.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_shapes_after_spatial_query.json
index 08972deb..4efdca57 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_shapes_after_spatial_query.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_shapes_after_spatial_query.json
@@ -1,244 +1,239 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "5652de7d-1817-482e-8b8b-721289caa0de",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
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-                "name": "36aa5b03-30d6-458a-8a74-7bc090c3a4f2",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_621900c2-f2e6-448a-8529-4f92b797c3d1",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_8b65a870-2dce-4b7e-ad2c-d920e78dfd61",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "5652de7d-1817-482e-8b8b-721289caa0de",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "36aa5b03-30d6-458a-8a74-7bc090c3a4f2",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_multipolygons_ceef1ab4-13ee-4ab0-b99d-a3b92cb03de8",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_multipolygons_4aacc8a0-1638-4f61-aded-73b9edb526f0",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "5652de7d-1817-482e-8b8b-721289caa0de",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
                 },
-                "source": "36aa5b03-30d6-458a-8a74-7bc090c3a4f2",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_e4e76c97-9ecb-4a43-9a85-dc00daf0bc01",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.2"
             },
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-                "name": "blobs_polygons_76ccf0b8-ea7b-49a6-9ff3-0374a3d64689",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "5652de7d-1817-482e-8b8b-721289caa0de",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "36aa5b03-30d6-458a-8a74-7bc090c3a4f2",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
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-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
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-        "scales": [
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-                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 389.33194389674156],
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-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300],
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+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [98.92618678876784, 389.33194389674156],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [319.36204268927, 137.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
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+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [150, 200, 250, 300],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_circles_621900c2-f2e6-448a-8529-4f92b797c3d1"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300],
-                "zindex": 1.5
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-        "marks": [
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-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_circles_8b65a870-2dce-4b7e-ad2c-d920e78dfd61"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        }
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
                 }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_multipolygons_ceef1ab4-13ee-4ab0-b99d-a3b92cb03de8"
             },
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multipolygons_4aacc8a0-1638-4f61-aded-73b9edb526f0"
-                },
-                "zindex": 1,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        }
+            "zindex": 1,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
                 }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_e4e76c97-9ecb-4a43-9a85-dc00daf0bc01"
             },
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_76ccf0b8-ea7b-49a6-9ff3-0374a3d64689"
-                },
-                "zindex": 2,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        }
+            "zindex": 2,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "c1c63ddd-2cdb-5369-bed1-93c94497960d"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json
index af6c00ff..7128f2b7 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_plot_with_annotation_despite_random_shuffling.json
@@ -1,217 +1,212 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "d5fc7e04-2c9b-4313-a09d-e9ada3250913",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "b8895a18-f11d-405f-8e68-117c6198543b",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+        {
+            "name": "6e7b96aa-ba19-4369-8d38-b322bdd1bcdb",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                "version": 0.1
+            },
+            "source": "d5fc7e04-2c9b-4313-a09d-e9ada3250913",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "table"
                 }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_6545e1c4-783d-426e-a80c-722f17b0e43c",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "635b7492-b0bb-4e58-b9a3-ebe8432deaa6",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "d5fc7e04-2c9b-4313-a09d-e9ada3250913",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "b8895a18-f11d-405f-8e68-117c6198543b",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "table"
-                    }
-                ]
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_86a0cb7a-b9c9-4d98-8eee-70f59114f653",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "b8895a18-f11d-405f-8e68-117c6198543b",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                {
+                    "type": "lookup",
+                    "from": "6e7b96aa-ba19-4369-8d38-b322bdd1bcdb",
+                    "key": "instance_id",
+                    "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                    "values": ["annotation"],
+                    "as": ["annotation"],
+                    "default": null
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_0c7645fe-1040-44a2-b3f7-dce2e5d92dc8",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"],
+            "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68", "#d62728", "#aa40fc"]
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "discrete",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "fill": "color_0c7645fe-1040-44a2-b3f7-dce2e5d92dc8",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "columns": 1,
+            "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+            "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+            "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+            "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+            "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+            "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 267.7155555555555,
+            "legendY": 35.955555555555634
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_circles_6545e1c4-783d-426e-a80c-722f17b0e43c"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_0c7645fe-1040-44a2-b3f7-dce2e5d92dc8",
+                        "field": "annotation"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "lookup",
-                        "from": "635b7492-b0bb-4e58-b9a3-ebe8432deaa6",
-                        "key": "instance_id",
-                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
-                        "values": ["annotation"],
-                        "as": ["annotation"],
-                        "default": null
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_f2371eeb-084d-4473-adc7-39564f0335e8",
-                "type": "ordinal",
-                "domain": ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"],
-                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68", "#d62728", "#aa40fc"]
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
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-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
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-            },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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-                "labelColor": "#000000",
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-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
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-        "legend": [
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-                "type": "discrete",
-                "direction": "vertical",
-                "fill": "color_f2371eeb-084d-4473-adc7-39564f0335e8",
-                "orient": "none",
-                "columns": 1,
-                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
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-                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
-                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
-                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
-                "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "legendX": 267.7155555555555,
-                "legendY": 35.955555555555634
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-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_circles_86a0cb7a-b9c9-4d98-8eee-70f59114f653"
                 },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_f2371eeb-084d-4473-adc7-39564f0335e8",
-                            "field": "annotation"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.annotation)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "69501ca0-64e0-550e-af86-570cdd5c0e85"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles.json
index fb0c70c9..7e9160b8 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles.json
@@ -1,154 +1,149 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "64392ed5-5d6f-4324-b478-c5b8a42f06bd",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
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-            {
-                "name": "1e2c12ff-e82f-41a5-b134-90d96e305ae5",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_0a1d45c9-9c20-4284-ae4f-62f60350d438",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_34e75260-06d3-44ab-816c-71493bff2d50",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "64392ed5-5d6f-4324-b478-c5b8a42f06bd",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "1e2c12ff-e82f-41a5-b134-90d96e305ae5",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
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-        "scales": [
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-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
-                "range": "width"
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-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
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-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_circles_0a1d45c9-9c20-4284-ae4f-62f60350d438"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_circles_34e75260-06d3-44ab-816c-71493bff2d50"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        }
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "c0d9a0dd-55ac-5523-bb7c-ef156eb58089"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_colored_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_colored_outline.json
index 807d7d98..c5db4cf5 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_colored_outline.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_colored_outline.json
@@ -1,163 +1,158 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "f931a23b-9b22-4742-b057-e21ebaa371cb",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "27be6871-7160-418b-865f-dbbb92311e21",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_453d6097-05e4-434d-9e4d-29814ac41c99",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_6adead9b-e64a-47c7-8f4b-9e007681b270",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "f931a23b-9b22-4742-b057-e21ebaa371cb",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "27be6871-7160-418b-865f-dbbb92311e21",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_circles_453d6097-05e4-434d-9e4d-29814ac41c99"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_circles_6adead9b-e64a-47c7-8f4b-9e007681b270"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "value": "#ff0000"
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 1.5
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1
-                        }
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "value": "#ff0000"
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 1.5
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "9410d435-d084-5315-a60b-d28b962e0633"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_outline.json
index edd269b7..7c355e9b 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_outline.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_outline.json
@@ -1,163 +1,158 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "f9232b10-c4b7-4aba-b42c-2c7bf71c071e",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "a5b53667-3a01-4efc-a46a-be07ec8e09b9",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_6911550f-81a9-4062-88b8-2f9fd5d64cc7",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_9dd00b7c-6f92-4147-aed4-7dffa24327d2",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "f9232b10-c4b7-4aba-b42c-2c7bf71c071e",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "a5b53667-3a01-4efc-a46a-be07ec8e09b9",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_circles_6911550f-81a9-4062-88b8-2f9fd5d64cc7"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_circles_9dd00b7c-6f92-4147-aed4-7dffa24327d2"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "value": "#000000"
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 1.5
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1
-                        }
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "value": "#000000"
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 1.5
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "b2c4c534-07b7-52ad-88b9-b3790b721a4d"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_specified_outline_width.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_specified_outline_width.json
index cbe335b5..b7c77247 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_specified_outline_width.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_circles_with_specified_outline_width.json
@@ -1,163 +1,158 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "495ddb74-da1d-4880-8055-416758e5f733",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "4a6fd48c-74a8-4b8f-a331-3169a7efc16f",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_09e9d7df-9d6c-4d4f-9624-2761c6ef591a",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_27372d34-f2cd-4d2b-8244-f5169027166f",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "495ddb74-da1d-4880-8055-416758e5f733",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "4a6fd48c-74a8-4b8f-a331-3169a7efc16f",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_circles_09e9d7df-9d6c-4d4f-9624-2761c6ef591a"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_circles_27372d34-f2cd-4d2b-8244-f5169027166f"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "value": "#000000"
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 3.0
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1
-                        }
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "value": "#000000"
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 3.0
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "1cdc0b18-b0e5-5d62-9e10-185036328b0b"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_empty_geometry.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_empty_geometry.json
index b98a1612..dd562740 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_empty_geometry.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_empty_geometry.json
@@ -1,244 +1,239 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "d33d4957-9736-4833-b989-cf8b7fc4d1af",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "8be5fec3-9041-4dcb-a151-36eee5b59329",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_21310b5b-0829-42e6-83cc-d1e04cc1ea45",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_4db9df4c-afe2-4ec3-adc7-ba23029695bf",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "d33d4957-9736-4833-b989-cf8b7fc4d1af",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "8be5fec3-9041-4dcb-a151-36eee5b59329",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_f2753726-8480-48a2-8128-2a033914cf21",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_c7b061fa-deec-4f7d-bc41-fa2774f43445",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "d33d4957-9736-4833-b989-cf8b7fc4d1af",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "8be5fec3-9041-4dcb-a151-36eee5b59329",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_multipolygons_7b6cbd3f-a715-421d-88f7-5f2771ece230",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_multipolygons_06a1b477-0139-4eaf-9c56-7c63310ae38d",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "d33d4957-9736-4833-b989-cf8b7fc4d1af",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
                 },
-                "source": "8be5fec3-9041-4dcb-a151-36eee5b59329",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 137.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [98.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 137.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_circles_21310b5b-0829-42e6-83cc-d1e04cc1ea45"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_circles_4db9df4c-afe2-4ec3-adc7-ba23029695bf"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        }
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
                 }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_f2753726-8480-48a2-8128-2a033914cf21"
             },
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_c7b061fa-deec-4f7d-bc41-fa2774f43445"
-                },
-                "zindex": 1,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        }
+            "zindex": 1,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
                 }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_multipolygons_7b6cbd3f-a715-421d-88f7-5f2771ece230"
             },
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multipolygons_06a1b477-0139-4eaf-9c56-7c63310ae38d"
-                },
-                "zindex": 2,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        }
+            "zindex": 2,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "8fe7bd47-b5f7-5bc9-915e-4df6ad03b3ec"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_multipolygons.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_multipolygons.json
index 2d1c4bbc..582c95e1 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_multipolygons.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_multipolygons.json
@@ -1,223 +1,218 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "0103c8fb-7e5b-4bf6-bdc9-52bad05bb6bf",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "cc2f0451-ee50-4d68-9bdf-c711b64e16cf",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+        {
+            "name": "2d3f5016-5406-446f-84ea-6d35e7cd4245",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                "version": 0.1
+            },
+            "source": "0103c8fb-7e5b-4bf6-bdc9-52bad05bb6bf",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "table"
                 }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "p_7bd3b270-04bb-403f-8994-1cc67128287f",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "eed76153-df16-491b-bfbf-de61eebd25f9",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "0103c8fb-7e5b-4bf6-bdc9-52bad05bb6bf",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "p"
                 },
-                "source": "cc2f0451-ee50-4d68-9bdf-c711b64e16cf",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "table"
-                    }
-                ]
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "p_88b7854d-7bb4-4c9b-9d72-132554cd3765",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "cc2f0451-ee50-4d68-9bdf-c711b64e16cf",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "p"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "lookup",
-                        "from": "eed76153-df16-491b-bfbf-de61eebd25f9",
-                        "key": "val",
-                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
-                        "values": ["val"],
-                        "as": ["val"],
-                        "default": null
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [0.0, 6.0],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [1.0, 0.0],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_640d8695-1303-43fe-844a-35acb08513a5",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "p_88b7854d-7bb4-4c9b-9d72-132554cd3765",
-                    "field": ["val"]
-                },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "viridis",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "lookup",
+                    "from": "2d3f5016-5406-446f-84ea-6d35e7cd4245",
+                    "key": "val",
+                    "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                    "values": ["val"],
+                    "as": ["val"],
+                    "default": null
                 }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 2, 4, 6],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [0.0, 6.0],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [1.0, 0.0],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_c9fea7cc-7948-413f-a149-aac91d283e6a",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "p_7bd3b270-04bb-403f-8994-1cc67128287f",
+                "field": ["val"]
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [0, 1],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "viridis",
+                "count": 256
             }
-        ],
-        "legend": [
-            {
-                "type": "gradient",
-                "direction": "vertical",
-                "orient": "none",
-                "fill": "color_640d8695-1303-43fe-844a-35acb08513a5",
-                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
-                "gradientLength": 243.2,
-                "gradientOpacity": null,
-                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
-                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
-                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "values": [0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0],
-                "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
-                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
-                "zindex": 0
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "p_88b7854d-7bb4-4c9b-9d72-132554cd3765"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_640d8695-1303-43fe-844a-35acb08513a5",
-                            "value": "val"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.3
-                        }
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 2, 4, 6],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [0, 1],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "gradient",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_c9fea7cc-7948-413f-a149-aac91d283e6a",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
+            "gradientOpacity": null,
+            "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+            "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+            "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "values": [0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0],
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+            "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+            "zindex": 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "p_7bd3b270-04bb-403f-8994-1cc67128287f"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.val)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_c9fea7cc-7948-413f-a149-aac91d283e6a",
+                        "value": "val"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.3
                     }
+                },
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.val)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                        }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "95ef9fa5-0963-527b-b705-bafa68e6d8e9"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons.json
index d9ea1cda..d9c3f318 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons.json
@@ -1,154 +1,149 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "b1520c0b-20fd-48f7-9378-6ab07e8aa69d",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "582320bd-bb01-4d2a-9295-4e6935164963",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_a5612389-e389-42fa-8027-99408c1baa93",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_7ea96831-b6ae-4114-8227-d30df9363d6a",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "b1520c0b-20fd-48f7-9378-6ab07e8aa69d",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "582320bd-bb01-4d2a-9295-4e6935164963",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_a5612389-e389-42fa-8027-99408c1baa93"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_7ea96831-b6ae-4114-8227-d30df9363d6a"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        }
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "70175a6c-f1a9-528f-b779-3d58fa786939"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_outline.json
index 6e1f5fcf..858dc31a 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_outline.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_outline.json
@@ -1,163 +1,158 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "a261c3b4-1242-4a11-9a74-fc4899ff5390",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "431396c7-6a65-421e-93fe-829b9a296176",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_272da12d-ed18-431a-857a-9a565983c174",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_abb7a36b-0076-4762-96ab-e965d9bf9fd0",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "a261c3b4-1242-4a11-9a74-fc4899ff5390",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "431396c7-6a65-421e-93fe-829b9a296176",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_272da12d-ed18-431a-857a-9a565983c174"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_abb7a36b-0076-4762-96ab-e965d9bf9fd0"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "value": "#000000"
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 1.5
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1
-                        }
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "value": "#000000"
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 1.5
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "ff5a6897-2997-5f11-86dd-7ab5af324065"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_rgb_colored_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_rgb_colored_outline.json
index 165c08a1..e9ea3bd3 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_rgb_colored_outline.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_rgb_colored_outline.json
@@ -1,163 +1,158 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "56b1c3d9-a463-46ae-87bf-0b11e89ac29c",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "49db8c4f-d285-47cc-965b-3ed46f8de32d",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_46b084f1-186b-4dd6-bf7d-1cceaf4d291f",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_76373f25-e023-4fc7-905a-7e3df1c5e7f8",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "56b1c3d9-a463-46ae-87bf-0b11e89ac29c",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "49db8c4f-d285-47cc-965b-3ed46f8de32d",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_46b084f1-186b-4dd6-bf7d-1cceaf4d291f"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_76373f25-e023-4fc7-905a-7e3df1c5e7f8"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "value": "#0000ff"
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 1.5
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1
-                        }
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "value": "#0000ff"
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 1.5
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "c9ea0f63-15b7-5e8a-8dca-1acadf21482e"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_rgba_colored_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_rgba_colored_outline.json
index 6eedad53..ae466acd 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_rgba_colored_outline.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_rgba_colored_outline.json
@@ -1,163 +1,158 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "a5d6e82e-04c0-4ca9-94c9-2870e2ac79cd",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "92834385-85c3-4dc3-85c8-87c377c019d5",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_f6c3addd-f7a6-484d-8811-0bcfb4a1c62e",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_0a3d48d9-adaf-4e1e-aaf0-daa174a170bd",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "a5d6e82e-04c0-4ca9-94c9-2870e2ac79cd",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "92834385-85c3-4dc3-85c8-87c377c019d5",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_f6c3addd-f7a6-484d-8811-0bcfb4a1c62e"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_0a3d48d9-adaf-4e1e-aaf0-daa174a170bd"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "value": "#00ff00"
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 1.5
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1
-                        }
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "value": "#00ff00"
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 1.5
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "583b7282-bf50-5748-ad32-b24bad278544"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_str_colored_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_str_colored_outline.json
index 9b2159d4..a7da3f95 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_str_colored_outline.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_render_polygons_with_str_colored_outline.json
@@ -1,163 +1,158 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "e9179e58-af36-4f2c-89ad-c357091a1177",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "05f78781-8b35-4f0f-be2d-5b181fdead45",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_0b1c99e5-289c-4a78-8c45-4e212f029a6d",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_4cd8ae3a-284b-4d34-b511-77b416b7c9de",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "e9179e58-af36-4f2c-89ad-c357091a1177",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "05f78781-8b35-4f0f-be2d-5b181fdead45",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_0b1c99e5-289c-4a78-8c45-4e212f029a6d"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_4cd8ae3a-284b-4d34-b511-77b416b7c9de"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "value": "#ff0000"
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 1.5
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1
-                        }
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "value": "#ff0000"
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 1.5
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "ba88967e-a86e-53d0-af08-cabdabbd1a1b"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_scale_shapes.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_scale_shapes.json
index 3750bb9d..43d3a365 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_scale_shapes.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_scale_shapes.json
@@ -1,154 +1,149 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "35e0e259-17c2-4dab-8ec5-20f88163f8ea",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "67e0f819-729b-4ec9-bb9b-481f8f3a2985",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_79a03ead-8a1e-4d45-8484-30c11bd22619",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_14992c4d-1468-42e2-8582-2f323898bf2b",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "35e0e259-17c2-4dab-8ec5-20f88163f8ea",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "67e0f819-729b-4ec9-bb9b-481f8f3a2985",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_circles_79a03ead-8a1e-4d45-8484-30c11bd22619"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_circles_14992c4d-1468-42e2-8582-2f323898bf2b"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 0.5,
-                        "scaleY": 0.5,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        }
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 0.5,
+                    "scaleY": 0.5,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "c0cfccdd-a654-5e35-a07e-d13ea6bfbd44"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_set_clims_clip.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_set_clims_clip.json
index c0b3e584..efc3f72a 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_set_clims_clip.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_set_clims_clip.json
@@ -1,236 +1,231 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "a8952bdc-8218-4963-ac7e-eb937aeae08e",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "f662f079-28e1-4a39-b4d5-fc3580734d2e",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+        {
+            "name": "e23dad2a-8aa1-4ca2-b638-6685a17e3de6",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                "version": 0.1
+            },
+            "source": "a8952bdc-8218-4963-ac7e-eb937aeae08e",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "new_table"
                 }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_44f938a0-54c5-48c1-9f1d-4d6ca2c92aab",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "6b521bc3-8c5d-4241-9e72-7456da5c6d7f",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "a8952bdc-8218-4963-ac7e-eb937aeae08e",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "f662f079-28e1-4a39-b4d5-fc3580734d2e",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "new_table"
-                    }
-                ]
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_169f7a20-801a-49a5-a91a-17583ed1e77f",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "f662f079-28e1-4a39-b4d5-fc3580734d2e",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "lookup",
-                        "from": "6b521bc3-8c5d-4241-9e72-7456da5c6d7f",
-                        "key": "instance_id",
-                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
-                        "values": ["dummy_gene_expression"],
-                        "as": ["dummy_gene_expression"],
-                        "default": null
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "formula",
-                        "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 20.0) / (40.0 - 20.0), 0, 1)",
-                        "as": "755d5782-45ab-4779-9772-14b1a83202cd"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_f754374e-a114-4d13-a07b-c0eb86407b75",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_circles_169f7a20-801a-49a5-a91a-17583ed1e77f",
-                    "field": "755d5782-45ab-4779-9772-14b1a83202cd"
+                {
+                    "type": "lookup",
+                    "from": "e23dad2a-8aa1-4ca2-b638-6685a17e3de6",
+                    "key": "instance_id",
+                    "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                    "values": ["dummy_gene_expression"],
+                    "as": ["dummy_gene_expression"],
+                    "default": null
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "viridis",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "formula",
+                    "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 20.0) / (40.0 - 20.0), 0, 1)",
+                    "as": "98aca771-4e43-46cd-b8c0-2d9ff6e7d2a0"
                 }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_d0d34d52-9c94-4490-8a5f-fa58de4a1ba8",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_circles_44f938a0-54c5-48c1-9f1d-4d6ca2c92aab",
+                "field": "98aca771-4e43-46cd-b8c0-2d9ff6e7d2a0"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "viridis",
+                "count": 256
             }
-        ],
-        "legend": [
-            {
-                "type": "gradient",
-                "direction": "vertical",
-                "orient": "none",
-                "fill": "color_f754374e-a114-4d13-a07b-c0eb86407b75",
-                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
-                "gradientLength": 243.2,
-                "gradientOpacity": null,
-                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
-                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
-                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "values": [20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0],
-                "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
-                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
-                "zindex": 0
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_circles_169f7a20-801a-49a5-a91a-17583ed1e77f"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "gradient",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_d0d34d52-9c94-4490-8a5f-fa58de4a1ba8",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
+            "gradientOpacity": null,
+            "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+            "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+            "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "values": [20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0],
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+            "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+            "zindex": 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_circles_44f938a0-54c5-48c1-9f1d-4d6ca2c92aab"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_d0d34d52-9c94-4490-8a5f-fa58de4a1ba8",
+                        "value": "98aca771-4e43-46cd-b8c0-2d9ff6e7d2a0"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    }
                 },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.dummy_gene_expression)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.dummy_gene_expression) < 20.0",
+                            "value": "#440154"
                         },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_f754374e-a114-4d13-a07b-c0eb86407b75",
-                            "value": "755d5782-45ab-4779-9772-14b1a83202cd"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.dummy_gene_expression) > 40.0",
+                            "value": "#fde725"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.dummy_gene_expression)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.dummy_gene_expression) < 20.0",
-                                "value": "#440154"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.dummy_gene_expression) > 40.0",
-                                "value": "#fde725"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "7421b78b-6b82-5a10-843e-0d5cac78b3d4"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_stack_render_shapes.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_stack_render_shapes.json
index b04033c1..184329cc 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_stack_render_shapes.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_can_stack_render_shapes.json
@@ -1,199 +1,194 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "900f1cad-eef1-47c9-adca-4fc4be218e12",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "1b094ecf-b5f9-409f-a5b0-05231c273f99",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_1c2fe0a4-d0c6-4510-9eed-1e6e06a32b1a",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_8bb8596d-074d-4ec7-81dd-2d1559ac346f",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "900f1cad-eef1-47c9-adca-4fc4be218e12",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "1b094ecf-b5f9-409f-a5b0-05231c273f99",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_2f0f2b50-42bc-4950-b5ca-f888eb8c78dd",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_382204a7-2eda-41ba-9789-7bb6e18732af",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "900f1cad-eef1-47c9-adca-4fc4be218e12",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "1b094ecf-b5f9-409f-a5b0-05231c273f99",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 137.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [98.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 137.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_circles_1c2fe0a4-d0c6-4510-9eed-1e6e06a32b1a"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_circles_8bb8596d-074d-4ec7-81dd-2d1559ac346f"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#ff0000"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.5
-                        }
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#ff0000"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.5
                     }
                 }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_2f0f2b50-42bc-4950-b5ca-f888eb8c78dd"
             },
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_382204a7-2eda-41ba-9789-7bb6e18732af"
-                },
-                "zindex": 1,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#0000ff"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.5
-                        }
+            "zindex": 1,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#0000ff"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.5
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "3a92b839-c72d-598c-b9da-1115576566d9"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_color_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_color_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json
index d2cf2864..4e74d8a8 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_color_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_color_recognises_actual_color_as_color.json
@@ -1,154 +1,149 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "3429e0b0-4fa0-4f29-8adc-a99ffbcb5ea2",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "1da193e0-56bc-4aa7-9160-81767ffac519",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_c7572120-628f-4af1-b136-5d279ed38a66",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_b63d35d9-5470-412f-853f-d2f3af28f458",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "3429e0b0-4fa0-4f29-8adc-a99ffbcb5ea2",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "1da193e0-56bc-4aa7-9160-81767ffac519",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [98.92618678876784, 420.4223630265261],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [422.3187062594394, 137.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_circles_c7572120-628f-4af1-b136-5d279ed38a66"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_circles_b63d35d9-5470-412f-853f-d2f3af28f458"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#ff0000"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        }
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#ff0000"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "962e7c05-5553-5fef-8a06-80433149b302"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_colorbar_can_be_normalised.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_colorbar_can_be_normalised.json
index 374b1b5f..8506bf88 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_colorbar_can_be_normalised.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_colorbar_can_be_normalised.json
@@ -1,213 +1,208 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "9772359c-da78-4e4b-9cae-d07777fc2a94",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "8bd301eb-998c-4eef-92c1-ba3f1025d451",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_3b322654-ac56-4a9b-aa42-b6c053e92ffa",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_2ce35219-7787-425b-9718-7292e48cf327",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "9772359c-da78-4e4b-9cae-d07777fc2a94",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "8bd301eb-998c-4eef-92c1-ba3f1025d451",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "formula",
-                        "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 0.0) / (5.0 - 0.0), 0, 1)",
-                        "as": "82c58aab-eef4-4008-999b-c4dd11b6cd37"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_c3f1a7f3-ee2f-453b-8a84-c6980d62cbb2",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_2ce35219-7787-425b-9718-7292e48cf327",
-                    "field": "82c58aab-eef4-4008-999b-c4dd11b6cd37"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "viridis",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "formula",
+                    "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 0.0) / (5.0 - 0.0), 0, 1)",
+                    "as": "c8a78527-1eb6-4635-aeb5-bbb34dcb9c82"
                 }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_57205346-40b1-479e-818d-81d1b963d047",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_3b322654-ac56-4a9b-aa42-b6c053e92ffa",
+                "field": "c8a78527-1eb6-4635-aeb5-bbb34dcb9c82"
             },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            "range": {
+                "scheme": "viridis",
+                "count": 256
             }
-        ],
-        "legend": [
-            {
-                "type": "gradient",
-                "direction": "vertical",
-                "orient": "none",
-                "fill": "color_c3f1a7f3-ee2f-453b-8a84-c6980d62cbb2",
-                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
-                "gradientLength": 243.2,
-                "gradientOpacity": null,
-                "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
-                "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
-                "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "values": [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0],
-                "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
-                "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
-                "zindex": 0
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_2ce35219-7787-425b-9718-7292e48cf327"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "gradient",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_57205346-40b1-479e-818d-81d1b963d047",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
+            "gradientOpacity": null,
+            "gradientThickness": 8.106666666666662,
+            "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
+            "gradientStrokeWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "values": [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0],
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+            "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+            "zindex": 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_3b322654-ac56-4a9b-aa42-b6c053e92ffa"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_57205346-40b1-479e-818d-81d1b963d047",
+                        "value": "c8a78527-1eb6-4635-aeb5-bbb34dcb9c82"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    }
                 },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.cluster)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.cluster) < 0.0",
+                            "value": "#440154"
                         },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_c3f1a7f3-ee2f-453b-8a84-c6980d62cbb2",
-                            "value": "82c58aab-eef4-4008-999b-c4dd11b6cd37"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.cluster) > 5.0",
+                            "value": "#fde725"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.cluster)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.cluster) < 0.0",
-                                "value": "#440154"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.cluster) > 5.0",
-                                "value": "#fde725"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "108d6796-fa19-5d41-8b3f-77aa6baf6f29"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_colorbar_respects_input_limits.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_colorbar_respects_input_limits.json
index 0f32102e..bc5bfe33 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_colorbar_respects_input_limits.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_colorbar_respects_input_limits.json
@@ -1,200 +1,195 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
-        },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "3e737133-5ffa-456c-9096-3d907307ebe3",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_80272402-f751-45e3-818f-d60c6afc48f3",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
-                },
-                "source": "3e737133-5ffa-456c-9096-3d907307ebe3",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    }
-                ]
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "7485b09d-5666-4d7b-b609-784b46695851",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
             }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_62db3c7f-ae8d-4b81-97be-20a14c8bdcf6",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "color_abaf73b0-b8cb-499d-82e6-dd9498d848e7",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_80272402-f751-45e3-818f-d60c6afc48f3",
-                    "field": "cluster"
+            "source": "7485b09d-5666-4d7b-b609-784b46695851",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "viridis",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
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+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_462d560f-14d0-461d-8adb-b0277b62a4d5",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_62db3c7f-ae8d-4b81-97be-20a14c8bdcf6",
+                "field": "cluster"
             },
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-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
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-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            "range": {
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+                "count": 256
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-                "direction": "vertical",
-                "orient": "none",
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-                            "value": "cluster"
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+            "scale": "X_scale",
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+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
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+            "grid": true,
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+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
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+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
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+        {
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+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
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+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "gradient",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_462d560f-14d0-461d-8adb-b0277b62a4d5",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
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+            "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
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+            "values": [0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0],
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+            "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
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+    "marks": [
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+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
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+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.cluster)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_462d560f-14d0-461d-8adb-b0277b62a4d5",
+                        "value": "cluster"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
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+                },
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.cluster)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
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-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "f8f95fb2-d404-58e5-9ab0-fdd44b67a0dc"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_coloring_with_palette.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_coloring_with_palette.json
index 5e5e593f..a898040c 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_coloring_with_palette.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_coloring_with_palette.json
@@ -1,194 +1,189 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
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-        "padding": {
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
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+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
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+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
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+    "data": [
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+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
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-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_b236717e-2714-41d2-80f0-b17569413cd2",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_8820ce63-6f54-47de-b29c-a73561a1627a",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "94577357-79ca-4d5f-b39d-7cf089e3bbfd",
+            "transform": [
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+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "f43838f7-345e-4a47-9567-85f186602bc1",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_93b8e42b-e091-4e0d-a705-0272d339535c",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": ["c2", "c1"],
+            "range": ["#008000", "#ffff00"]
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
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+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
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+            "labelFont": "Arial",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+            "tickColor": "#000000",
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+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
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+        },
+        {
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+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
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+    ],
+    "legend": [
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+            "type": "discrete",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "fill": "color_93b8e42b-e091-4e0d-a705-0272d339535c",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
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+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
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+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_93b8e42b-e091-4e0d-a705-0272d339535c",
+                        "field": "cluster"
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-                            "field": "x"
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-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
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-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
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-                            "field": "cluster"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.cluster)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.cluster)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
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                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "33e65d2a-b503-57b1-bb52-96d1b066eebe"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_category.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_category.json
index 31d62b81..9455aa7d 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_category.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_category.json
@@ -1,223 +1,218 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "57a6cef5-6009-45ad-a7b2-4bbed96b9864",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
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-        "data": [
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+        {
+            "name": "4ffc892c-077c-4f77-91fa-b7d6ffff04c3",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                "version": 0.1
+            },
+            "source": "57a6cef5-6009-45ad-a7b2-4bbed96b9864",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "table"
                 }
+            ]
+        },
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_identical_value.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_identical_value.json
index 58d94d14..ca9213d8 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_identical_value.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_identical_value.json
@@ -1,219 +1,214 @@
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+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+            "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+            "zindex": 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_c180760c-7703-4f54-b1c1-a28d6d227529"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_82d22807-f55f-452e-a978-adf1535c07a3",
+                        "value": "cb0e2809-2118-420b-8d4c-38d3b55cdbb3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
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                 },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.value) < 1.0",
+                            "value": "#440154"
                         },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_f6e724e5-2877-41a7-b4fb-7bcc6bdad9f3",
-                            "value": "da72bf32-2360-4381-a926-da2be34efbb4"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.value) > 2.0",
+                            "value": "#fde725"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.value) < 1.0",
-                                "value": "#440154"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.value) > 2.0",
-                                "value": "#fde725"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "67955123-93da-509d-bb41-8823df32760c"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_value.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_value.json
index c734974e..6a0dd3d5 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_value.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_by_value.json
@@ -1,219 +1,214 @@
-[
-    {
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-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
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-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "ad369602-1798-4d89-8eaf-83efdc7bab96",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_5f133ca9-46c2-448b-92b0-0b554e60f8c6",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_b23b0e7f-f8e5-4ca2-886b-5212eff7134d",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "ad369602-1798-4d89-8eaf-83efdc7bab96",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "cd742906-bd05-4493-b826-a826f48660b8",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["value"],
-                        "ops": ["sum"],
-                        "as": ["value"]
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "formula",
-                        "expr": "(datum.value - 1.0) / (20.0 - 1.0)",
-                        "as": "d5439005-ed2c-4f77-be9b-18e825b83a41"
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-        "scales": [
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-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_d33e08b1-6007-4f5e-b270-bd04dd237c01",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_b23b0e7f-f8e5-4ca2-886b-5212eff7134d",
-                    "field": "d5439005-ed2c-4f77-be9b-18e825b83a41"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["value"],
+                    "ops": ["sum"],
+                    "as": ["value"]
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "viridis",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "formula",
+                    "expr": "(datum.value - 1.0) / (20.0 - 1.0)",
+                    "as": "63de657e-10ad-41fe-995b-acd5495468a4"
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-        "axes": [
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-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
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-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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-                "labelColor": "#000000",
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-                "labelFont": "Arial",
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-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_87831148-15bd-43c9-b48e-7186e55e2a56",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_5f133ca9-46c2-448b-92b0-0b554e60f8c6",
+                "field": "63de657e-10ad-41fe-995b-acd5495468a4"
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-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
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-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
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-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_b23b0e7f-f8e5-4ca2-886b-5212eff7134d"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
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+            "labelFont": "Arial",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+            "tickColor": "#000000",
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+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "gradient",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "fill": "color_87831148-15bd-43c9-b48e-7186e55e2a56",
+            "fillColor": "#ffffff",
+            "gradientLength": 243.2,
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+            "gradientStrokeColor": "#000000",
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+            "values": [0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0],
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 287.23199999999997,
+            "legendY": 22.80000000000001,
+            "zindex": 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
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+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_5f133ca9-46c2-448b-92b0-0b554e60f8c6"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_87831148-15bd-43c9-b48e-7186e55e2a56",
+                        "value": "63de657e-10ad-41fe-995b-acd5495468a4"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
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+                    }
                 },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.value) < 1.0",
+                            "value": "#440154"
                         },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_d33e08b1-6007-4f5e-b270-bd04dd237c01",
-                            "value": "d5439005-ed2c-4f77-be9b-18e825b83a41"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
+                        {
+                            "test": "datum.value) > 20.0",
+                            "value": "#fde725"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.value)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.value) < 1.0",
-                                "value": "#440154"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.value) > 20.0",
-                                "value": "#fde725"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "cca606e1-2622-5fd8-bde3-8ea997c9e79e"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json
index 367a53d8..dfc0450e 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_with_norm_and_clipping.json
@@ -1,219 +1,214 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "e45341af-3063-4847-b0ab-26727292d9a0",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
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-                "name": "f24e68c6-200c-4441-8c20-37dcb9758c5b",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_5619ef43-5833-4ebf-9cac-cd068b339722",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_9a88a1d0-53d7-497e-a5d4-e612ba7759f1",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "e45341af-3063-4847-b0ab-26727292d9a0",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "f24e68c6-200c-4441-8c20-37dcb9758c5b",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["value"],
-                        "ops": ["max"],
-                        "as": ["value"]
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "formula",
-                        "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 2.0) / (4.0 - 2.0), 0, 1)",
-                        "as": "fe77b431-471f-4f58-9143-b3fdbb81d24b"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_99cb7335-7d2e-43e1-b0b4-dba12158de2a",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_9a88a1d0-53d7-497e-a5d4-e612ba7759f1",
-                    "field": "fe77b431-471f-4f58-9143-b3fdbb81d24b"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["value"],
+                    "ops": ["max"],
+                    "as": ["value"]
                 },
-                "range": {
-                    "scheme": "viridis",
-                    "count": 256
+                {
+                    "type": "formula",
+                    "expr": "clamp((datum.value - 2.0) / (4.0 - 2.0), 0, 1)",
+                    "as": "85feb21e-65d3-444d-9fb6-2acb7f861f03"
                 }
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
index e7061038..566f03a2 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_color_with_norm_no_clipping.json
@@ -1,219 +1,214 @@
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-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "fd9eb870-535f-55ec-bfbc-5eb1a2207b8c"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_colored_shapes.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_colored_shapes.json
index 2caee8be..deb7df24 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_colored_shapes.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_colored_shapes.json
@@ -1,262 +1,257 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
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-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "0f3256da-b552-4640-8e09-9e69c0000a79",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
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-                "name": "205a4223-178a-471c-8c62-1ac89cace850",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_8e04de68-c684-47e9-bc32-85d2901cbeb5",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_300e9c83-98ad-4adc-8e33-b028405d7087",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "0f3256da-b552-4640-8e09-9e69c0000a79",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "205a4223-178a-471c-8c62-1ac89cace850",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["*"],
-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["count"]
-                    }
-                ]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_c4cfd430-6433-4079-855f-a31503e97dd8",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_4a4b7dc6-de81-4ccb-b1f5-bf5da64ef46c",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "0f3256da-b552-4640-8e09-9e69c0000a79",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "205a4223-178a-471c-8c62-1ac89cace850",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["*"],
-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["count"]
-                    }
-                ]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_multipolygons_90183a76-c6a0-49c8-9573-e4e92554dcd0",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_multipolygons_368bcc6a-0a1d-4c6c-b501-2cf7dc9b840c",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "0f3256da-b552-4640-8e09-9e69c0000a79",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "205a4223-178a-471c-8c62-1ac89cace850",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [98.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 137.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_circles_8e04de68-c684-47e9-bc32-85d2901cbeb5"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["*"],
-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["count"]
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 137.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
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-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_circles_300e9c83-98ad-4adc-8e33-b028405d7087"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#ff0000"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        }
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#ff0000"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
                 }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_c4cfd430-6433-4079-855f-a31503e97dd8"
             },
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_4a4b7dc6-de81-4ccb-b1f5-bf5da64ef46c"
-                },
-                "zindex": 1,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#ff0000"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        }
+            "zindex": 1,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#ff0000"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
                 }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_multipolygons_90183a76-c6a0-49c8-9573-e4e92554dcd0"
             },
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multipolygons_368bcc6a-0a1d-4c6c-b501-2cf7dc9b840c"
-                },
-                "zindex": 2,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#ff0000"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        }
+            "zindex": 2,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#ff0000"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "34d5b766-51ed-54e6-b228-7bb13d8fea6d"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_shapes.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_shapes.json
index 1b64a845..2c971964 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_shapes.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_shapes.json
@@ -1,262 +1,257 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "ae0b83c5-5c80-4d2f-a13d-21538d177a64",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "7f5c3f13-540c-451b-b82c-1027c78b96f0",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_b7e8cb8e-74e1-4fa0-a44e-6b83bafca479",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_fb23125b-a71e-4b2e-916b-1d879228122c",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "ae0b83c5-5c80-4d2f-a13d-21538d177a64",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "7f5c3f13-540c-451b-b82c-1027c78b96f0",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["*"],
-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["count"]
-                    }
-                ]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_b69df1e7-71dd-42fd-84e6-c218820b05e5",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_60e2553f-a6fe-4617-b6a9-164aed069beb",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "ae0b83c5-5c80-4d2f-a13d-21538d177a64",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "7f5c3f13-540c-451b-b82c-1027c78b96f0",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["*"],
-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["count"]
-                    }
-                ]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_multipolygons_7b724c3d-265f-4842-bc8c-79495b22c9a7",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_multipolygons_442f6b85-086c-42f7-af5a-19f4c9860924",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "ae0b83c5-5c80-4d2f-a13d-21538d177a64",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "7f5c3f13-540c-451b-b82c-1027c78b96f0",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [98.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 137.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_circles_b7e8cb8e-74e1-4fa0-a44e-6b83bafca479"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
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+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
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-                        "field": ["*"],
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-                        "fill": {
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-                        },
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+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
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+                    "fillOpacity": {
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                 }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
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             },
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-                        "y": {
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-                            "field": "y"
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-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
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+            "zindex": 1,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
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+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
                 }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_multipolygons_7b724c3d-265f-4842-bc8c-79495b22c9a7"
             },
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
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-                "zindex": 2,
-                "encode": {
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-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
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-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
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-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        }
+            "zindex": 2,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
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                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "f010839a-dfdc-531d-bf8f-b01b17f53b90"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_colored_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_colored_outline.json
index 1d0cdf8a..18e5b09e 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_colored_outline.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_colored_outline.json
@@ -1,169 +1,164 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
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-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "2bba079c-e1e6-4aad-be0e-238a74d44064",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
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-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_b56eaf39-66fa-4dd9-995c-946fdad280ce",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_27c0a723-98e7-4bb1-9b27-684992d38566",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "2bba079c-e1e6-4aad-be0e-238a74d44064",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "b8524803-d1d6-4435-b38c-10bda92cfb3c",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_b56eaf39-66fa-4dd9-995c-946fdad280ce"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
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+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
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-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
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-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["count"]
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-                "range": "height"
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-                "domain": true,
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-                "domain": true,
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-                "domainColor": "#000000",
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-                "grid": true,
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-                "gridCap": "butt",
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-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
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-        "marks": [
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-                "from": {
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-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
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-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
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-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
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-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "value": "#ff0000"
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 1.5
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1
-                        }
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "value": "#ff0000"
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 1.5
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1
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                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "715bd498-2f4c-5976-a4ab-9871bde47282"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_diff_alpha_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_diff_alpha_outline.json
index 15cf4d60..ab6c9389 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_diff_alpha_outline.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_diff_alpha_outline.json
@@ -1,169 +1,164 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
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-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "558dbdee-ce62-48d1-ba64-215a00c640aa",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "020be3e6-b83e-4750-98ce-798777208495",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_53c4cce8-1f08-48a6-82dc-a9e68679339b",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_f73adae1-8ff9-4bbd-8cdf-068501b1ca72",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "558dbdee-ce62-48d1-ba64-215a00c640aa",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "020be3e6-b83e-4750-98ce-798777208495",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_53c4cce8-1f08-48a6-82dc-a9e68679339b"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["*"],
-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["count"]
-                    }
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-            }
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-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
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-        ],
-        "axes": [
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-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_f73adae1-8ff9-4bbd-8cdf-068501b1ca72"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "value": "#000000"
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 1.5
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.5
-                        }
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "value": "#000000"
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 1.5
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.5
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "19a9c0b0-0710-53b7-8569-1d2504250f6b"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_diff_width_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_diff_width_outline.json
index c3eadff5..51a56bd7 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_diff_width_outline.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_diff_width_outline.json
@@ -1,169 +1,164 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "4dcc4a99-9578-427a-85fb-ed5a159244fa",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "ce8f2c18-e2f8-4765-b08a-afdd56111184",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_2298a19e-9ab9-48c5-817c-bfc92f9fcb57",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_16884a1c-57b7-48e3-85d6-33a7401980c8",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "4dcc4a99-9578-427a-85fb-ed5a159244fa",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "ce8f2c18-e2f8-4765-b08a-afdd56111184",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_2298a19e-9ab9-48c5-817c-bfc92f9fcb57"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["*"],
-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["count"]
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
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-        "scales": [
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-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_16884a1c-57b7-48e3-85d6-33a7401980c8"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "value": "#000000"
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 5.0
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        }
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "value": "#000000"
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 5.0
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "c6b82c47-ae51-5658-a684-7e9ad87fa771"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_different_alpha.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_different_alpha.json
index 6a0fbaaa..5e18fd84 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_different_alpha.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_different_alpha.json
@@ -1,262 +1,257 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "a0f2c390-2263-46c1-8213-f63086a86096",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "23ddd2fd-6fce-4bc6-a61e-0c288e43e08b",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_7feab3c1-77d8-44ee-847b-6bc135f83afd",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_851d287a-ac9c-477b-b9a8-c44ed440aac1",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "a0f2c390-2263-46c1-8213-f63086a86096",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "23ddd2fd-6fce-4bc6-a61e-0c288e43e08b",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["*"],
-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["count"]
-                    }
-                ]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_e61c0755-9257-4163-bc6a-8d97681d97d8",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_448beade-eb12-4971-8f5f-8246fa2b9eff",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "a0f2c390-2263-46c1-8213-f63086a86096",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "23ddd2fd-6fce-4bc6-a61e-0c288e43e08b",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["*"],
-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["count"]
-                    }
-                ]
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_multipolygons_8711ac98-5bfc-426e-bcb2-00595e1696cd",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_multipolygons_069cd020-b7c3-4672-98f5-55b5e32ad178",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "a0f2c390-2263-46c1-8213-f63086a86096",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "23ddd2fd-6fce-4bc6-a61e-0c288e43e08b",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [98.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 137.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_circles_7feab3c1-77d8-44ee-847b-6bc135f83afd"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["*"],
-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["count"]
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
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-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [98.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 137.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [100, 200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
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-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
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-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_circles_851d287a-ac9c-477b-b9a8-c44ed440aac1"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.7
-                        }
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.7
                     }
                 }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_e61c0755-9257-4163-bc6a-8d97681d97d8"
             },
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_448beade-eb12-4971-8f5f-8246fa2b9eff"
-                },
-                "zindex": 1,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.7
-                        }
+            "zindex": 1,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.7
                     }
                 }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_multipolygons_8711ac98-5bfc-426e-bcb2-00595e1696cd"
             },
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_multipolygons_069cd020-b7c3-4672-98f5-55b5e32ad178"
-                },
-                "zindex": 2,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 0.7
-                        }
+            "zindex": 2,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
+                    },
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 0.7
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "a8190cc1-bd58-56c4-8340-e2dc2434bb68"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_outline.json
index 73f3b751..9db8f931 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_outline.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_outline.json
@@ -1,169 +1,164 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "ef9e544a-b89f-418c-9475-ac97d6469a50",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "5b9a605c-1cf9-4b8a-9e39-434df47e14aa",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_27440a3a-9749-477f-baa1-a59bf25a587b",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_009a0417-9db2-4c42-9631-92df181dbf54",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "ef9e544a-b89f-418c-9475-ac97d6469a50",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "5b9a605c-1cf9-4b8a-9e39-434df47e14aa",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_27440a3a-9749-477f-baa1-a59bf25a587b"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["*"],
-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["count"]
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
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-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_009a0417-9db2-4c42-9631-92df181dbf54"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "value": "#000000"
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 1.5
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1
-                        }
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "value": "#000000"
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 1.5
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "f9e173df-a025-5278-8c63-592350da3bce"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_rgb_colored_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_rgb_colored_outline.json
index 59326843..491e4abe 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_rgb_colored_outline.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_rgb_colored_outline.json
@@ -1,169 +1,164 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "3aa05c3b-b9ec-4156-a4af-3ab403b0b83f",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "f26835e9-8aab-4ab6-8b67-f052fcaddd48",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_451c3ae1-bbde-492e-a48e-c8919e1c4972",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_b25a638c-60d0-43d1-a844-2af3cbfeaa5d",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "3aa05c3b-b9ec-4156-a4af-3ab403b0b83f",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "f26835e9-8aab-4ab6-8b67-f052fcaddd48",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_451c3ae1-bbde-492e-a48e-c8919e1c4972"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["*"],
-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["count"]
-                    }
-                ]
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-        "scales": [
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-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_b25a638c-60d0-43d1-a844-2af3cbfeaa5d"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "value": "#0000ff"
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 1.5
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1
-                        }
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "value": "#0000ff"
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 1.5
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "f89408da-a17b-58df-b713-c8d3cad3b2a0"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_rgba_colored_outline.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_rgba_colored_outline.json
index d33b93d1..d064d3fb 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_rgba_colored_outline.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_render_with_rgba_colored_outline.json
@@ -1,169 +1,164 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "35f177fe-75cc-4366-bbbc-2abedce1779e",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "63b2022f-6b96-4c68-894d-cf2719905a50",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_9f1d9d30-4916-481e-917b-a4177a9034bf",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_b1b1ea36-31a7-4470-aa93-f60e346ac579",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "35f177fe-75cc-4366-bbbc-2abedce1779e",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "63b2022f-6b96-4c68-894d-cf2719905a50",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_9f1d9d30-4916-481e-917b-a4177a9034bf"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "aggregate",
-                        "field": ["*"],
-                        "ops": ["count"],
-                        "as": ["count"]
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
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-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_b1b1ea36-31a7-4470-aa93-f60e346ac579"
-                },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
-                        },
-                        "stroke": {
-                            "value": "#00ff00"
-                        },
-                        "strokeWidth": {
-                            "value": 1.5
-                        },
-                        "strokeOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1
-                        }
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "value": "#d3d3d3"
+                    },
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
+                    },
+                    "stroke": {
+                        "value": "#00ff00"
+                    },
+                    "strokeWidth": {
+                        "value": 1.5
+                    },
+                    "strokeOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1
                     }
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "b03f9b9f-bfb5-5dd3-abc7-975ea5ed4c70"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_circles.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_circles.json
index 7c959867..61dc9c37 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_circles.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_circles.json
@@ -1,169 +1,164 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
-            "left": 57.599999999999994,
-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
-            "bottom": 48.0
-        },
-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
-            "orient": "top",
-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "fd692690-3639-428d-8130-1eb1b0cc04ab",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "78e57bd6-7699-4552-8d1e-d63962996de5",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_circles_db4cbdfa-99f2-4654-a459-2ad45e263d9b",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_circles_c2e87394-bcd6-4828-8ee9-c393f797f4b8",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "fd692690-3639-428d-8130-1eb1b0cc04ab",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_circles"
                 },
-                "source": "78e57bd6-7699-4552-8d1e-d63962996de5",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_circles"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [-580.5624257141354, -45.275966500273434],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [-204.149037642031, -623.3858457994218],
+            "range": "height"
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [-400, -200],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
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+            "values": [-600, -500, -400, -300],
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+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
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+                        "field": "x"
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-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
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+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
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+                        "value": 1.0
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         }
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-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_multipolygons.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_multipolygons.json
index 3e9b562d..a8ccdec2 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_multipolygons.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_multipolygons.json
@@ -1,169 +1,164 @@
-[
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
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+            "name": "3467fe2e-211e-4816-ba8a-18f00210423a",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
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+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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-                "format": {
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-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
-                }
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_multipolygons_5c7fb897-d409-4147-a5e5-db85d58f633b",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_multipolygons_79ac14b8-ec94-4bf9-9ff5-001caa0d9297",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "3467fe2e-211e-4816-ba8a-18f00210423a",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
                 },
-                "source": "62ed2e0e-7954-4e32-ba5e-6efd036dbbde",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_multipolygons"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
+                }
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+        }
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+    "scales": [
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+            "domain": [-503.3827552451457, -373.83299073217603],
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+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [-363.0369921097614, -599.7025350355941],
+            "range": "height"
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+    ],
+    "axes": [
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+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
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+            "values": [-500, -450, -400],
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+                    "y": {
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+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
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         }
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+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_polygons.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_polygons.json
index 3c156f2b..59fa8255 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_polygons.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_can_transform_polygons.json
@@ -1,169 +1,164 @@
-[
-    {
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-        "height": 320.0,
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-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
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-                "format": {
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-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
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+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_56619734-61b3-406c-ba75-f86421c3a884",
+            "format": {
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+                "version": "0.2"
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-                "format": {
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-                    "version": "0.2"
+            "source": "0f3d8b14-402e-4fd6-ba98-8d648889e5e8",
+            "transform": [
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+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "7a577ba6-3f68-4bfc-9414-b79c0c3d658e",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "aggregate",
+                    "field": ["*"],
+                    "ops": ["count"],
+                    "as": ["count"]
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+                    "y": {
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+                        "field": "y"
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index 878b745c..6c44c735 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_with_clip.json
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index 6cf3576b..f116f740 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_without_clip.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_norm_vmin_eq_vmax_without_clip.json
@@ -1,223 +1,217 @@
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diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_shades_with_linear_cmap.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_shades_with_linear_cmap.json
index 43575dbe..b388cd18 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_shades_with_linear_cmap.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_datashader_shades_with_linear_cmap.json
@@ -1,219 +1,214 @@
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-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.value) < 1.0",
-                                "value": "#440154"
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "test": "datum.value) > 20.0",
-                                "value": "#fde725"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "aea21008-1acf-574c-a1f5-bd34acf3262d"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_shapes_categorical_color.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_shapes_categorical_color.json
index 54547125..ba3e306d 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_shapes_categorical_color.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_shapes_categorical_color.json
@@ -1,217 +1,212 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
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-        "title": {
-            "text": "global",
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-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "64c9a803-1fc3-4933-a4b1-9f0fae9ecd2e",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
-            {
-                "name": "7f09f346-c7a4-4dc1-8216-bf8d53cf1f1e",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+        {
+            "name": "a84061fc-ea69-48b8-a34a-cd511e367148",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                "version": 0.1
+            },
+            "source": "64c9a803-1fc3-4933-a4b1-9f0fae9ecd2e",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "table"
                 }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_8d5dcab2-374c-499f-93fb-bf4127848594",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "b9bb444b-5de9-4d9c-b28c-ecdf50bb154c",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "64c9a803-1fc3-4933-a4b1-9f0fae9ecd2e",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "7f09f346-c7a4-4dc1-8216-bf8d53cf1f1e",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "table"
-                    }
-                ]
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_28c6b35e-06a8-4b07-b4cb-36fc6e494ff1",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "7f09f346-c7a4-4dc1-8216-bf8d53cf1f1e",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                {
+                    "type": "lookup",
+                    "from": "a84061fc-ea69-48b8-a34a-cd511e367148",
+                    "key": "instance_id",
+                    "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                    "values": ["category"],
+                    "as": ["category"],
+                    "default": null
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_508038f7-a404-49ee-898c-49cd402b3fa4",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": ["a", "b", "c"],
+            "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68"]
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
+            "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
+            "tickOpacity": 1,
+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        }
+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
+            "type": "discrete",
+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "fill": "color_508038f7-a404-49ee-898c-49cd402b3fa4",
+            "orient": "none",
+            "columns": 1,
+            "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
+            "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
+            "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
+            "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
+            "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
+            "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
+            "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
+            "labelAlign": "left",
+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
+            "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "legendX": 267.8405555555555,
+            "legendY": 35.95555555555558
+        }
+    ],
+    "marks": [
+        {
+            "type": "path",
+            "from": {
+                "data": "blobs_polygons_8d5dcab2-374c-499f-93fb-bf4127848594"
+            },
+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
+                    "x": {
+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_508038f7-a404-49ee-898c-49cd402b3fa4",
+                        "field": "category"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "lookup",
-                        "from": "b9bb444b-5de9-4d9c-b28c-ecdf50bb154c",
-                        "key": "instance_id",
-                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
-                        "values": ["category"],
-                        "as": ["category"],
-                        "default": null
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_4bdb204c-f15d-4b9f-b669-0e939e18652b",
-                "type": "ordinal",
-                "domain": ["a", "b", "c"],
-                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68"]
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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-                "labelColor": "#000000",
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-                "tickColor": "#000000",
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-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
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-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
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-        ],
-        "legend": [
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-                "type": "discrete",
-                "direction": "vertical",
-                "fill": "color_4bdb204c-f15d-4b9f-b669-0e939e18652b",
-                "orient": "none",
-                "columns": 1,
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-                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
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-                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
-                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
-                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
-                "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "legendX": 267.8405555555555,
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-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_28c6b35e-06a8-4b07-b4cb-36fc6e494ff1"
                 },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_4bdb204c-f15d-4b9f-b669-0e939e18652b",
-                            "field": "category"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.category)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.category)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "b31d077e-eecd-53fb-ba3c-f779f19bc620"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_shapes_coercable_categorical_color.json b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_shapes_coercable_categorical_color.json
index b8a1c598..e9054224 100644
--- a/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_shapes_coercable_categorical_color.json
+++ b/tests/_figures_viewconfig/Shapes_shapes_coercable_categorical_color.json
@@ -1,217 +1,212 @@
-[
-    {
-        "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
-        "height": 320.0,
-        "width": 320.0,
-        "padding": {
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-            "top": 28.79999999999999,
-            "right": 12.800000000000011,
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-            "anchor": "middle",
-            "baseline": "baseline",
-            "color": "black",
-            "font": "Arial",
-            "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-            "fontStyle": "normal",
-            "fontWeight": "normal"
+{
+    "$schema": "https://spatialdata-plot.github.io/schema/viewconfig/v1.json",
+    "height": 320.0,
+    "width": 320.0,
+    "padding": {
+        "left": 57.599999999999994,
+        "top": 28.79999999999999,
+        "right": 12.800000000000011,
+        "bottom": 48.0
+    },
+    "title": {
+        "text": "global",
+        "orient": "top",
+        "anchor": "middle",
+        "baseline": "alphabetic",
+        "color": "black",
+        "font": "Arial",
+        "fontSize": 15.555555555555555,
+        "fontStyle": "normal",
+        "fontWeight": "normal"
+    },
+    "data": [
+        {
+            "name": "5ecfba63-7cd2-4647-b734-ebf5b41606bf",
+            "url": "sdata.zarr",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "SpatialData",
+                "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+            }
         },
-        "data": [
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-                "name": "49d67eee-d1c9-4735-9f13-84a3f285f081",
-                "url": "sdata.zarr",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "SpatialData",
-                    "version": "0.3.1.dev31+g4021946.d20250416"
+        {
+            "name": "362588b6-3f40-457e-96cb-3311265e085a",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "spatialdata_table",
+                "version": 0.1
+            },
+            "source": "5ecfba63-7cd2-4647-b734-ebf5b41606bf",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "table"
                 }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "blobs_polygons_0add0ecc-85ba-4f20-8dc4-79b41610ec1a",
+            "format": {
+                "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
+                "version": "0.2"
             },
-            {
-                "name": "1e2aeef0-0d99-4763-ab7e-f7e915538461",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "spatialdata_table",
-                    "version": 0.1
+            "source": "5ecfba63-7cd2-4647-b734-ebf5b41606bf",
+            "transform": [
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_element",
+                    "expr": "blobs_polygons"
                 },
-                "source": "49d67eee-d1c9-4735-9f13-84a3f285f081",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "table"
-                    }
-                ]
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "blobs_polygons_5a762587-da69-4c16-a024-b403ef7be586",
-                "format": {
-                    "type": "ShapesFormatV02",
-                    "version": "0.2"
+                {
+                    "type": "filter_cs",
+                    "expr": "global"
                 },
-                "source": "49d67eee-d1c9-4735-9f13-84a3f285f081",
-                "transform": [
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_element",
-                        "expr": "blobs_polygons"
+                {
+                    "type": "lookup",
+                    "from": "362588b6-3f40-457e-96cb-3311265e085a",
+                    "key": "instance_id",
+                    "fields": ["instance_ids"],
+                    "values": ["category"],
+                    "as": ["category"],
+                    "default": null
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "scales": [
+        {
+            "name": "X_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
+            "range": "width"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Y_scale",
+            "type": "linear",
+            "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
+            "range": "height"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "color_0a74c2ea-cc57-4b34-b7eb-ff6abe4fcad1",
+            "type": "ordinal",
+            "domain": ["a", "b", "c"],
+            "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68"]
+        }
+    ],
+    "axes": [
+        {
+            "scale": "X_scale",
+            "orient": "bottom",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
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+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
+            "labelOpacity": 1,
+            "labelFont": "Arial",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
+            "ticks": true,
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+            "tickColor": "#000000",
+            "tickCap": "butt",
+            "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
+            "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
+            "values": [200, 300, 400],
+            "zindex": 1.5
+        },
+        {
+            "scale": "Y_scale",
+            "orient": "left",
+            "domain": true,
+            "domainOpacity": 1,
+            "domainColor": "#000000",
+            "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
+            "grid": true,
+            "gridOpacity": 1.0,
+            "gridCap": "butt",
+            "gridColor": "#cccccc",
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+            "labelColor": "#000000",
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+            "labelFontStyle": "normal",
+            "labelFontWeight": "normal",
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+            "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
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+    ],
+    "legend": [
+        {
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+            "direction": "vertical",
+            "fill": "color_0a74c2ea-cc57-4b34-b7eb-ff6abe4fcad1",
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+    "marks": [
+        {
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+            "zindex": 0,
+            "encode": {
+                "enter": {
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+                        "scale": "X_scale",
+                        "field": "x"
+                    },
+                    "y": {
+                        "scale": "Y_scale",
+                        "field": "y"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "filter_cs",
-                        "expr": "global"
+                    "scaleX": 1.0,
+                    "scaleY": 1.0,
+                    "fill": {
+                        "scale": "color_0a74c2ea-cc57-4b34-b7eb-ff6abe4fcad1",
+                        "field": "category"
                     },
-                    {
-                        "type": "lookup",
-                        "from": "1e2aeef0-0d99-4763-ab7e-f7e915538461",
-                        "key": "instance_id",
-                        "fields": ["instance_ids"],
-                        "values": ["category"],
-                        "as": ["category"],
-                        "default": null
+                    "fillOpacity": {
+                        "value": 1.0
                     }
-                ]
-            }
-        ],
-        "scales": [
-            {
-                "name": "X_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [149.92618678876784, 446.7026437060826],
-                "range": "width"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "Y_scale",
-                "type": "linear",
-                "domain": [461.8520923943867, 188.62348968860152],
-                "range": "height"
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "color_21ad53a3-eb0e-4679-a24f-935d8fde7fe7",
-                "type": "ordinal",
-                "domain": ["a", "b", "c"],
-                "range": ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#279e68"]
-            }
-        ],
-        "axes": [
-            {
-                "scale": "X_scale",
-                "orient": "bottom",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 300, 400],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            },
-            {
-                "scale": "Y_scale",
-                "orient": "left",
-                "domain": true,
-                "domainOpacity": 1,
-                "domainColor": "#000000",
-                "domainWidth": 0.8888888888888888,
-                "grid": true,
-                "gridOpacity": 1.0,
-                "gridCap": "butt",
-                "gridColor": "#cccccc",
-                "gridWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 15.555555555555555,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "ticks": true,
-                "tickOpacity": 1,
-                "tickColor": "#000000",
-                "tickCap": "butt",
-                "tickWidth": 1.6666666666666667,
-                "tickSize": 3.888888888888889,
-                "values": [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450],
-                "zindex": 1.5
-            }
-        ],
-        "legend": [
-            {
-                "type": "discrete",
-                "direction": "vertical",
-                "fill": "color_21ad53a3-eb0e-4679-a24f-935d8fde7fe7",
-                "orient": "none",
-                "columns": 1,
-                "columnPadding": 2.2222222222222223,
-                "rowPadding": 0.5555555555555556,
-                "padding": 0.4444444444444444,
-                "fillColor": "#ffffffcc",
-                "strokeColor": "#cccccccc",
-                "strokeWidth": 1.1111111111111112,
-                "labelOffset": 0.4444444444444444,
-                "labelAlign": "left",
-                "labelColor": "#000000",
-                "labelOpacity": 1,
-                "labelFont": "Arial",
-                "labelFontSize": 14.311111111111112,
-                "labelFontStyle": "normal",
-                "labelFontWeight": "normal",
-                "legendX": 267.8405555555555,
-                "legendY": 35.95555555555558
-            }
-        ],
-        "marks": [
-            {
-                "type": "path",
-                "from": {
-                    "data": "blobs_polygons_5a762587-da69-4c16-a024-b403ef7be586"
                 },
-                "zindex": 0,
-                "encode": {
-                    "enter": {
-                        "x": {
-                            "scale": "X_scale",
-                            "field": "x"
-                        },
-                        "y": {
-                            "scale": "Y_scale",
-                            "field": "y"
-                        },
-                        "scaleX": 1.0,
-                        "scaleY": 1.0,
-                        "fill": {
-                            "scale": "color_21ad53a3-eb0e-4679-a24f-935d8fde7fe7",
-                            "field": "category"
-                        },
-                        "fillOpacity": {
-                            "value": 1.0
+                "update": {
+                    "fill": [
+                        {
+                            "test": "!isValid(datum.category)",
+                            "value": "#d3d3d3"
                         }
-                    },
-                    "update": {
-                        "fill": [
-                            {
-                                "test": "!isValid(datum.category)",
-                                "value": "#d3d3d3"
-                            }
-                        ]
-                    }
+                    ]
                 }
             }
-        ],
-        "usermeta": {
-            "axis_uuid": "e44c0e72-0819-570d-bfe6-38c3cd4dd76a"
         }
-    }
-]
+    ]
+}

From fe9e8ce5f3247fc7ea32c5b3c1373b919b5a298f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Fri, 23 May 2025 19:40:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 55/56] revert list index

---
 tests/conftest.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index d8024b4d..43990fc3 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ def test_viewconfig_output(actual_json_path, expected_json_path):
         actual_json = json.load(f)
     with expected_json_path.open() as f:
         expected_json = json.load(f)
-    assert compare_json_ignore_uuids(actual_json, expected_json[0])
+    assert compare_json_ignore_uuids(actual_json, expected_json)
 
 
 class PlotTesterMeta(ABCMeta):

From 86917ba785132adf19b4a3fd012ec2e62608e4ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wouter-Michiel Vierdag <michiel.vierdag@embl.de>
Date: Fri, 12 Sep 2025 16:03:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 56/56] attempt at caption

---
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py         | 58 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py | 10 ++++
 src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py         | 18 +++++++-
 3 files changed, 85 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
index 597546bd..f914750f 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/basic.py
@@ -707,6 +707,9 @@ def render_labels(
     def show(
         self,
         coordinate_systems: list[str] | str | None = None,
+        caption: list[str] | None = None,
+        caption_fontsize: int | float | _FontSize | None = None,
+        caption_fontweight: int | float | _FontSize | None = None,
         legend_fontsize: int | float | _FontSize | None = None,
         legend_fontweight: int | _FontWeight = "bold",
         legend_loc: str | None = "right margin",
@@ -738,6 +741,7 @@ def show(
             Name(s) of the coordinate system(s) to be plotted. If None, all coordinate systems are plotted.
             If a coordinate system doesn't contain any relevant elements (as specified in the render_* calls),
             it is automatically not plotted.
+
         legend_fontsize :
             Font size of the legend text.
         legend_fontweight :
@@ -922,6 +926,8 @@ def show(
             hspace=hspace,
             ncols=ncols,
             frameon=frameon,
+            caption=caption,
+            font_size=12,
         )
         legend_params = LegendParams(
             legend_fontsize=legend_fontsize,
@@ -1080,6 +1086,58 @@ def show(
                 ax.set_xlim(x_min, x_max)
                 ax.set_ylim(y_max, y_min)  # (0, 0) is top-left
 
+        if caption is not None:
+            # If one caption for all
+            if len(caption) == 1:
+                fig = fig_params.fig
+
+                fig.canvas.draw()
+                # Get bounding box of all tick labels in display coordinates
+                renderer = fig.canvas.get_renderer()
+                all_axes = fig.get_axes()
+                bboxes = []
+
+                for ax in all_axes:
+                    for label in ax.get_xticklabels():
+                        if label.get_visible():
+                            bbox = label.get_window_extent(renderer=renderer)
+                            bboxes.append(bbox)
+
+                if not bboxes:
+                    # Fallback: just use subplot bottom position
+                    min_y_display = min(ax.get_position().y0 for ax in all_axes)
+                else:
+                    # Convert from display to figure coordinates
+                    min_y_display = min(b.y0 for b in bboxes)
+                min_y_fig = min_y_display / fig.bbox.height
+
+                # Move 5% of the figure height below the tick labels
+                offset = 0.01  # fraction of figure height
+                caption_y = min_y_fig - offset
+
+                fig.text(0.5, caption_y, caption[0], ha="center", va="top", fontsize=legend_fontsize or 12)
+
+            # If captions per subplot
+            elif len(caption) == len(coordinate_systems):
+                for i, cap in enumerate(caption):
+                    ax_to_use = fig_params.ax if fig_params.axs is None else fig_params.axs[i]
+                    # Position text slightly below x-axis
+                    xlim = ax_to_use.get_xlim()
+                    ymin, ymax = ax.get_ylim()
+                    offset = 0.4 * (ymax - ymin)
+                    y_text = ymin - offset
+                    ax_to_use.text(
+                        0.5,
+                        y_text,  # 5% below x-axis min
+                        cap,
+                        ha="center",
+                        va="top",
+                        fontsize=legend_fontsize or 12,
+                        clip_on=False,
+                    )
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Length of 'caption' must be 1 or equal to the number of subplots.")
+
         existing_viewconfig = None
         if store_viewconfig_name:
             root = sdata
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
index 981f77e4..0ef6b402 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/render_params.py
@@ -62,6 +62,16 @@ class LegendParams:
     colorbar: bool = True
 
 
+@dataclass
+class CaptionParams:
+    """Caption params."""
+
+    caption_fontsize: int | float | _FontSize | None = None
+    caption_fontweight: int | _FontWeight = "normal"
+    horizontal_alignment: str = "center"
+    vertical_alignment: str = "top"
+
+
 @dataclass
 class ScalebarParams:
     """Scalebar params."""
diff --git a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py
index 527e8d2f..41684e26 100644
--- a/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py
+++ b/src/spatialdata_plot/pl/utils.py
@@ -160,6 +160,14 @@ def _is_color_like(color: Any) -> bool:
     return bool(colors.is_color_like(color))
 
 
+def _estimate_caption_lines(text_ls) -> int:
+    """Estimate number of lines based on explicit line breaks."""
+    counts = []
+    for caption in text_ls:
+        counts.append(caption.count("\\n") + 1)
+    return max(counts)
+
+
 def _prepare_params_plot(
     # this param is inferred when `pl.show`` is called
     num_panels: int,
@@ -175,11 +183,19 @@ def _prepare_params_plot(
     # this args will be inferred from coordinate system
     scalebar_dx: float | Sequence[float] | None = None,
     scalebar_units: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
+    caption=None,
+    font_size=None,
 ) -> tuple[FigParams, ScalebarParams]:
     # handle axes and size
     wspace = 0.75 / rcParams["figure.figsize"][0] + 0.02 if wspace is None else wspace
     figsize = rcParams["figure.figsize"] if figsize is None else figsize
     dpi = rcParams["figure.dpi"] if dpi is None else dpi
+
+    if caption:
+        num_lines = _estimate_caption_lines(caption)
+        extra_height = num_lines * font_size / 72 * 1.2  # 1.2 is extra factor for line spacing
+        figsize[1] += extra_height + 2
+
     if num_panels > 1 and ax is None:
         fig, grid = _panel_grid(
             num_panels=num_panels, hspace=hspace, wspace=wspace, ncols=ncols, dpi=dpi, figsize=figsize
@@ -204,7 +220,7 @@ def _prepare_params_plot(
             # needed for rasterization if user provides Axes object
             fig = ax.get_figure()
             fig.set_dpi(dpi)
-
+    fig.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.2)
     # set scalebar
     if scalebar_dx is not None:
         scalebar_dx, scalebar_units = _get_scalebar(scalebar_dx, scalebar_units, num_panels)