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<!DOCTYPE html>

<head>

<title>datetime --- Basic date and time types — مستندات Python3.14.6</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

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<h3><a href="../contents.html">فهرست عناوین</a></h3>

<ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code> --- Basic date and time types</a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#aware-and-naive-objects">Aware and naive objects</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#constants">Constants</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-types">Available types</a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#common-properties">Common properties</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#determining-if-an-object-is-aware-or-naive">Determining if an object is aware or naive</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#timedelta-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code> objects</a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-usage-timedelta">Examples of usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code></a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#date-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code> objects</a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-usage-date">Examples of usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code> objects</a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-usage-datetime">Examples of usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code></a></li>

</ul>

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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#time-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">time</code> objects</a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-usage-time">Examples of usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">time</code></a></li>

</ul>

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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tzinfo-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">tzinfo</code> objects</a></li>

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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#technical-detail">Technical detail</a></li>

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title="فصل قبلی">Data Types</a>

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<a href="zoneinfo.html"

title="فصل بعدی"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">zoneinfo</code> --- IANA time zone support</a>

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<h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code> --- Basic date and time types<a class="headerlink" href="#module-datetime" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

Source code: <a class="extlink-source reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.14/Lib/datetime.py">Lib/datetime.py</a>

The <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code> module supplies classes for manipulating dates and times.

While date and time arithmetic is supported, the focus of the implementation is

on efficient attribute extraction for output formatting and manipulation.

نکته

Skip to <a class="reference internal" href="#format-codes">the format codes</a>.

</div>

همچنین ملاحظه نمائید

<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html#module-calendar" title="calendar: Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal program."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">calendar</code></a></dt><dd>General calendar related functions.

</dd>

<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#module-time" title="time: Time access and conversions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">time</code></a></dt><dd>Time access and conversions.

</dd>

<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html#module-zoneinfo" title="zoneinfo: IANA time zone support"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">zoneinfo</code></a></dt><dd>Concrete time zones representing the IANA time zone database.

</dd>

<dt>Package <a class="reference external" href="https://dateutil.readthedocs.io/en/stable/">dateutil</a></dt><dd>Third-party library with expanded time zone and parsing support.

</dd>

<dt>Package <a class="extlink-pypi reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/DateType/">DateType</a></dt><dd>Third-party library that introduces distinct static types to for example,

allow <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-static-type-checker">static type checkers</a>

to differentiate between naive and aware datetimes.

</dd>

</dl>

</div>

<h2>Aware and naive objects<a class="headerlink" href="#aware-and-naive-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

Date and time objects may be categorized as "aware" or "naive" depending on

whether or not they include time zone information.

With sufficient knowledge of applicable algorithmic and political time

adjustments, such as time zone and daylight saving time information,

an aware object can locate itself relative to other aware objects.

An aware object represents a specific moment in time that is not open to

interpretation. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id4" id="id1" role="doc-noteref">[1]</a>

A naive object does not contain enough information to unambiguously locate

itself relative to other date/time objects. Whether a naive object represents

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), local time, or time in some other time zone is

purely up to the program, just like it is up to the program whether a

particular number represents metres, miles, or mass. Naive objects are easy to

understand and to work with, at the cost of ignoring some aspects of reality.

For applications requiring aware objects, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">time</code></a>

objects have an optional time zone information attribute, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tzinfo</code>, that

can be set to an instance of a subclass of the abstract <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">tzinfo</code> class.

These <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">tzinfo</code></a> objects capture information about the offset from UTC

time, the time zone name, and whether daylight saving time is in effect.

Only one concrete <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">tzinfo</code></a> class, the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone" title="datetime.timezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timezone</code></a> class, is

supplied by the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code> module. The <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timezone</code> class can

represent simple time zones with fixed offsets from UTC, such as UTC itself or

North American EST and EDT time zones. Supporting time zones at deeper levels of

detail is up to the application. The rules for time adjustment across the

world are more political than rational, change frequently, and there is no

standard suitable for every application aside from UTC.

</section>

<h2>Constants<a class="headerlink" href="#constants" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

The <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code> module exports the following constants:

datetime.MINYEAR<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>The smallest year number allowed in a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code></a> object.

<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">MINYEAR</code></a> is 1.

</dd></dl>

datetime.MAXYEAR<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>The largest year number allowed in a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code></a> object.

<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">MAXYEAR</code></a> is 9999.

</dd></dl>

datetime.UTC<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.UTC" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Alias for the UTC time zone singleton <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone.utc" title="datetime.timezone.utc"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">datetime.timezone.utc</code></a>.

Added in version 3.11.

</div>

</dd></dl>

</section>

<h2>Available types<a class="headerlink" href="#available-types" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

<dd>An idealized naive date, assuming the current Gregorian calendar always was, and

always will be, in effect. Attributes: <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.year" title="datetime.date.year"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">year</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.month" title="datetime.date.month"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">month</code></a>, and

<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.day" title="datetime.date.day"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">day</code></a>.

</dd></dl>

<dd>An idealized time, independent of any particular day, assuming that every day

has exactly 24*60*60 seconds. (There is no notion of "leap seconds" here.)

Attributes: <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.hour" title="datetime.time.hour"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">hour</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.minute" title="datetime.time.minute"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">minute</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.second" title="datetime.time.second"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">second</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.microsecond" title="datetime.time.microsecond"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">microsecond</code></a>,

and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.tzinfo" title="datetime.time.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tzinfo</code></a>.

</dd></dl>

<dd>A combination of a date and a time. Attributes: <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.year" title="datetime.datetime.year"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">year</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.month" title="datetime.datetime.month"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">month</code></a>,

<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.day" title="datetime.datetime.day"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">day</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.hour" title="datetime.datetime.hour"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">hour</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.minute" title="datetime.datetime.minute"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">minute</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.second" title="datetime.datetime.second"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">second</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.microsecond" title="datetime.datetime.microsecond"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">microsecond</code></a>,

and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tzinfo</code></a>.

</dd></dl>

<dd>A duration expressing the difference between two <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code></a>

or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a> instances to microsecond resolution.

</dd></dl>

<dd>An abstract base class for time zone information objects. These are used by the

<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">time</code></a> classes to provide a customizable notion of

time adjustment (for example, to account for time zone and/or daylight saving

time).

</dd></dl>

<dd>A class that implements the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">tzinfo</code></a> abstract base class as a

fixed offset from the UTC.

Added in version 3.2.

</div>

</dd></dl>

Objects of these types are immutable.

Subclass relationships:

</figure>

<h3>Common properties<a class="headerlink" href="#common-properties" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

The <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">time</code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone" title="datetime.timezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timezone</code></a> types

share these common features:

<li>Objects of these types are immutable.</li>

<li>Objects of these types are <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-hashable">hashable</a>, meaning that they can be used as

dictionary keys.</li>

<li>Objects of these types support efficient pickling via the <a class="reference internal" href="pickle.html#module-pickle" title="pickle: Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">pickle</code></a> module.</li>

</ul>

</section>

<h3>Determining if an object is aware or naive<a class="headerlink" href="#determining-if-an-object-is-aware-or-naive" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

Objects of the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a> type are always naive.

An object of type <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">time</code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code></a> may be aware or naive.

A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code></a> object <code class="docutils literal notranslate">d</code> is aware if both of the following hold:

<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">d.tzinfo</code> is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code></li>

<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">d.tzinfo.utcoffset(d)</code> does not return <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code></li>

</ol>

Otherwise, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">d</code> is naive.

A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">time</code></a> object <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t</code> is aware if both of the following hold:

<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">t.tzinfo</code> is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code></li>

<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">t.tzinfo.utcoffset(None)</code> does not return <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code>.</li>

</ol>

Otherwise, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t</code> is naive.

The distinction between aware and naive doesn't apply to <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code></a>

objects.

</section>

<h2><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code> objects<a class="headerlink" href="#timedelta-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code></a> object represents a duration, the difference between two

<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a> instances.

class datetime.timedelta(days=0, seconds=0, microseconds=0, milliseconds=0, minutes=0, hours=0, weeks=0)<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>All arguments are optional and default to 0. Arguments may be integers

or floats, and may be positive or negative.

Only days, seconds and microseconds are stored internally.

Arguments are converted to those units:

<li>A millisecond is converted to 1000 microseconds.</li>

<li>A minute is converted to 60 seconds.</li>

<li>An hour is converted to 3600 seconds.</li>

<li>A week is converted to 7 days.</li>

</ul>

and days, seconds and microseconds are then normalized so that the

representation is unique, with

<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">0 <= seconds < 3600*24</code> (the number of seconds in one day)</li>

</ul>

The following example illustrates how any arguments besides

days, seconds and microseconds are "merged" and normalized into those

three resulting attributes:

<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> import datetime as dt

>>> delta = dt.timedelta(

... days=50,

... seconds=27,

... microseconds=10,

... milliseconds=29000,

... minutes=5,

... hours=8,

... weeks=2

... )

>>> # Only days, seconds, and microseconds remain

>>> delta

datetime.timedelta(days=64, seconds=29156, microseconds=10)

</pre></div>

</div>

نکته

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">import datetime as dt</code> instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate">import datetime</code> or

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">from datetime import datetime</code> to avoid confusion between the module

and the class. See <a class="reference external" href="https://adamj.eu/tech/2019/09/12/how-i-import-pythons-datetime-module/">How I Import Python’s datetime Module</a>.

</div>

If any argument is a float and there are fractional microseconds,

the fractional microseconds left over from all arguments are

combined and their sum is rounded to the nearest microsecond using

round-half-to-even tiebreaker. If no argument is a float, the

conversion and normalization processes are exact (no information is

lost).

If the normalized value of days lies outside the indicated range,

Note that normalization of negative values may be surprising at first. For

example:

>>> d = dt.timedelta(microseconds=-1)

>>> (d.days, d.seconds, d.microseconds)

(-1, 86399, 999999)

</pre></div>

</div>

Since the string representation of <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code> objects can be confusing,

use the following recipe to produce a more readable format:

<div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> def pretty_timedelta(td):

... if td.days >= 0:

... return str(td)

... return f'-({-td!s})'

...

>>> d = timedelta(hours=-1)

>>> str(d) # not human-friendly

'-1 day, 23:00:00'

>>> pretty_timedelta(d)

'-(1:00:00)'

</pre></div>

</div>

</dd></dl>

Class attributes:

timedelta.min<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.min" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>The most negative <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code></a> object, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta(-999999999)</code>.

</dd></dl>

timedelta.max<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.max" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>The most positive <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code></a> object, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta(days=999999999,

hours=23, minutes=59, seconds=59, microseconds=999999)</code>.

</dd></dl>

timedelta.resolution<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.resolution" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>The smallest possible difference between non-equal <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code></a> objects,

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta(microseconds=1)</code>.

</dd></dl>

Note that, because of normalization, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta.max</code> is greater than <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-timedelta.min</code>.

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">-timedelta.max</code> is not representable as a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code></a> object.

Instance attributes (read-only):

timedelta.days<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.days" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Between -999,999,999 and 999,999,999 inclusive.

</dd></dl>

timedelta.seconds<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.seconds" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Between 0 and 86,399 inclusive.

ملاحظه

It is a somewhat common bug for code to unintentionally use this attribute

when it is actually intended to get a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta.total_seconds" title="datetime.timedelta.total_seconds"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">total_seconds()</code></a>

value instead:

<div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> import datetime as dt

>>> duration = dt.timedelta(seconds=11235813)

>>> duration.days, duration.seconds

(130, 3813)

>>> duration.total_seconds()

11235813.0

</pre></div>

</div>

</dd></dl>

timedelta.microseconds<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.microseconds" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Between 0 and 999,999 inclusive.

</dd></dl>

Supported operations:

<thead>

<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Operation</th>

<th class="head">Result</th>

</tr>

</thead>

<tbody>

<td>Sum of <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t2</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t3</code>.

Afterwards <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t1 - t2 == t3</code> and

</tr>

<td>Difference of <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t2</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t3</code>. Afterwards

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">t1 == t2 - t3</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t2 == t1 + t3</code> are

true. (1)(6)</td>

</tr>

<td>Delta multiplied by an integer.

Afterwards <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t1 // i == t2</code> is true,

provided <code class="docutils literal notranslate">i != 0</code>.</td>

</tr>

<td>In general, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t1  * i == t1 * (i-1) + t1</code>

is true. (1)</td>

</tr>

<td>Delta multiplied by a float. The result is

rounded to the nearest multiple of

timedelta.resolution using round-half-to-even.</td>

</tr>

<td>Division (3) of overall duration <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t2</code> by

interval unit <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t3</code>. Returns a <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">float</code></a>

object.</td>

</tr>

<td>Delta divided by a float or an int. The result

is rounded to the nearest multiple of

timedelta.resolution using round-half-to-even.</td>

</tr>

<td>The floor is computed and the remainder (if

any) is thrown away. In the second case, an

integer is returned. (3)</td>

</tr>

<td>The remainder is computed as a

<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code></a> object. (3)</td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">q, r = divmod(t1, t2)</code></td>

<td>Computes the quotient and the remainder:

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">q = t1 // t2</code> (3) and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">r = t1 % t2</code>.

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">q</code> is an integer and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">r</code> is a

</tr>

<td>Returns a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code></a> object with the

same value. (2)</td>

</tr>

<td>Equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta(-t1.days,

-t1.seconds, -t1.microseconds)</code>,

and to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t1 * -1</code>. (1)(4)</td>

</tr>

<td>Equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">+t</code> when <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t.days >= 0</code>,

and to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-t</code> when <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t.days < 0</code>. (2)</td>

</tr>

<td>Returns a string in the form

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">[D day[s], ][H]H:MM:SS[.UUUUUU]</code>, where D

is negative for negative <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t</code>. (5)</td>

</tr>

<td>Returns a string representation of the

call with canonical attribute values.</td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

Notes:

<li>This is exact but may overflow.</li>

<li>This is exact and cannot overflow.</li>

<li>Division by zero raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ZeroDivisionError" title="ZeroDivisionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">ZeroDivisionError</code></a>.</li>

<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">-timedelta.max</code> is not representable as a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code></a> object.</li>

<li>String representations of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code></a> objects are normalized

similarly to their internal representation. This leads to somewhat

unusual results for negative timedeltas. For example:

<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> timedelta(hours=-5)

datetime.timedelta(days=-1, seconds=68400)

>>> print(_)

-1 day, 19:00:00

</pre></div>

</div>

</li>

<li>The expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t2 - t3</code> will always be equal to the expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate">t2 + (-t3)</code> except

when t3 is equal to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta.max</code>; in that case the former will produce a result

while the latter will overflow.</li>

</ol>

In addition to the operations listed above, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code></a> objects support

certain additions and subtractions with <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code></a>

objects (see below).

تغییر داده شده در نسخه 3.2: Floor division and true division of a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code></a> object by another

<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code> object are now supported, as are remainder operations and

the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#divmod" title="divmod"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">divmod()</code></a> function. True division and multiplication of a

<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code> object by a <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">float</code></a> object are now supported.

</div>

<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code></a> objects support equality and order comparisons.

In Boolean contexts, a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code></a> object is

considered to be true if and only if it isn't equal to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta(0)</code>.

Instance methods:

timedelta.total_seconds()<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.total_seconds" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Return the total number of seconds contained in the duration. Equivalent to

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">td / timedelta(seconds=1)</code>. For interval units other than seconds, use the

division form directly (for example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">td / timedelta(microseconds=1)</code>).

Note that for very large time intervals (greater than 270 years on

most platforms) this method will lose microsecond accuracy.

Added in version 3.2.

</div>

</dd></dl>

<h3>Examples of usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code><a class="headerlink" href="#examples-of-usage-timedelta" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

An additional example of normalization:

<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> # Components of another_year add up to exactly 365 days

>>> import datetime as dt

>>> year = dt.timedelta(days=365)

>>> another_year = dt.timedelta(weeks=40, days=84, hours=23,

... minutes=50, seconds=600)

>>> year == another_year

True

>>> year.total_seconds()

31536000.0

</pre></div>

</div>

Examples of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">timedelta</code></a> arithmetic:

>>> ten_years = 10 * year

>>> ten_years

datetime.timedelta(days=3650)

>>> ten_years.days // 365

10

>>> nine_years = ten_years - year

>>> nine_years

datetime.timedelta(days=3285)

>>> three_years = nine_years // 3

>>> three_years, three_years.days // 365

(datetime.timedelta(days=1095), 3)

</pre></div>

</div>

</section>

<h2><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code> objects<a class="headerlink" href="#date-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a> object represents a date (year, month and day) in an idealized

calendar, the current Gregorian calendar indefinitely extended in both

directions.

January 1 of year 1 is called day number 1, January 2 of year 1 is

called day number 2, and so on. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id5" id="id2" role="doc-noteref">[2]</a>

<dd>All arguments are required. Arguments must be integers, in the following

ranges:

<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR</code></li>

</ul>

If an argument outside those ranges is given, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">ValueError</code></a> is raised.

</dd></dl>

Other constructors, all class methods:

<dd>Return the current local date.

This is equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">date.fromtimestamp(time.time())</code>.

</dd></dl>

classmethod date.fromtimestamp(timestamp)<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.fromtimestamp" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Return the local date corresponding to the POSIX timestamp, such as is

returned by <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time.time()</code></a>.

This may raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OverflowError</code></a>, if the timestamp is out

of the range of values supported by the platform C <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code>

function, and <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OSError</code></a> on <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code> failure.

It's common for this to be restricted to years from 1970 through 2038. Note

that on non-POSIX systems that include leap seconds in their notion of a

timestamp, leap seconds are ignored by <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">fromtimestamp()</code>.

تغییر داده شده در نسخه 3.3: Raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OverflowError</code></a> instead of <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">ValueError</code></a> if the timestamp

is out of the range of values supported by the platform C

<code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code> function. Raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OSError</code></a> instead of

<code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">ValueError</code> on <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code> failure.

</div>

</dd></dl>

classmethod date.fromordinal(ordinal)<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.fromordinal" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Return the date corresponding to the proleptic Gregorian ordinal, where

January 1 of year 1 has ordinal 1.

<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">ValueError</code></a> is raised unless <code class="docutils literal notranslate">1 <= ordinal <=

date.max.toordinal()</code>. For any date <code class="docutils literal notranslate">d</code>,

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">date.fromordinal(d.toordinal()) == d</code>.

</dd></dl>

classmethod date.fromisoformat(date_string)<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.fromisoformat" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a> corresponding to a date_string given in any valid

ISO 8601 format, with the following exceptions:

<li>Reduced precision dates are not currently supported (<code class="docutils literal notranslate">YYYY-MM</code>,

<li>Extended date representations are not currently supported

(<code class="docutils literal notranslate">±YYYYYY-MM-DD</code>).</li>

<li>Ordinal dates are not currently supported (<code class="docutils literal notranslate">YYYY-OOO</code>).</li>

</ol>

Examples:

>>> dt.date.fromisoformat('2019-12-04')

datetime.date(2019, 12, 4)

datetime.date(2021, 1, 4)

</pre></div>

</div>

Added in version 3.7.

</div>

تغییر داده شده در نسخه 3.11: Previously, this method only supported the format <code class="docutils literal notranslate">YYYY-MM-DD</code>.

</div>

</dd></dl>

classmethod date.fromisocalendar(year, week, day)<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.fromisocalendar" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

year, week and day. This is the inverse of the function <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.isocalendar" title="datetime.date.isocalendar"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">date.isocalendar()</code></a>.

Added in version 3.8.

</div>

</dd></dl>

classmethod date.strptime(date_string, format)<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.strptime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

format. This is equivalent to:

<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>date(*(time.strptime(date_string, format)[0:3]))

</pre></div>

</div>

can't be parsed by <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time.strptime()</code></a> or if it returns a value which isn't a

time tuple. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-strptime-behavior">strftime() and strptime() behavior</a> and

<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.fromisoformat" title="datetime.date.fromisoformat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">date.fromisoformat()</code></a>.

توجه

If format specifies a day of month without a year a

<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#DeprecationWarning" title="DeprecationWarning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">DeprecationWarning</code></a> is emitted. This is to avoid a quadrennial

leap year bug in code seeking to parse only a month and day as the

default year used in absence of one in the format is not a leap year.

Such format values may raise an error as of Python 3.15. The

workaround is to always include a year in your format. If parsing

date_string values that do not have a year, explicitly add a year that

is a leap year before parsing:

>>> date_string = "02/29"

>>> when = dt.date.strptime(f"{date_string};1984", "%m/%d;%Y") # Avoids leap year bug.

>>> when.strftime("%B %d")

'February 29'

</pre></div>

</div>

Added in version 3.14.

</div>

</dd></dl>

Class attributes:

date.min<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.min" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>The earliest representable date, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">date(MINYEAR, 1, 1)</code>.

</dd></dl>

date.max<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.max" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>The latest representable date, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">date(MAXYEAR, 12, 31)</code>.

</dd></dl>

date.resolution<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.resolution" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>The smallest possible difference between non-equal date objects,

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta(days=1)</code>.

</dd></dl>

Instance attributes (read-only):

date.year<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.year" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Between <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">MINYEAR</code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">MAXYEAR</code></a> inclusive.

</dd></dl>

date.month<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.month" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Between 1 and 12 inclusive.

</dd></dl>

date.day<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.day" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Between 1 and the number of days in the given month of the given year.

</dd></dl>

Supported operations:

<thead>

<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Operation</th>

<th class="head">Result</th>

</tr>

</thead>

<tbody>

<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">date2 = date1 + timedelta</code></td>

<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">date2</code> will be <code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta.days</code> days

after <code class="docutils literal notranslate">date1</code>. (1)</td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">date2 = date1 - timedelta</code></td>

<td>Computes <code class="docutils literal notranslate">date2</code> such that <code class="docutils literal notranslate">date2 +

timedelta == date1</code>. (2)</td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta = date1 - date2</code></td>

</tr>

</div>

</td>

<td>Equality comparison. (4)</td>

</tr>

</div>

</td>

<td>Order comparison. (5)</td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

Notes:

<li>date2 is moved forward in time if <code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta.days > 0</code>, or backward if

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta.days < 0</code>. Afterward <code class="docutils literal notranslate">date2 - date1 == timedelta.days</code>.

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta.seconds</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta.microseconds</code> are ignored.

<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OverflowError</code></a> is raised if <code class="docutils literal notranslate">date2.year</code> would be smaller than

<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">MINYEAR</code></a> or larger than <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">MAXYEAR</code></a>.</li>

<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta.seconds</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta.microseconds</code> are ignored.</li>

<li>This is exact, and cannot overflow. <code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta.seconds</code> and

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">timedelta.microseconds</code> are 0, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">date2 + timedelta == date1</code> after.</li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a> objects are equal if they represent the same date.

<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code> objects that are not also <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code></a> instances

are never equal to <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code> objects, even if they represent

the same date.

</li>

<li>date1 is considered less than date2 when date1 precedes date2 in time.

In other words, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">date1 < date2</code> if and only if <code class="docutils literal notranslate">date1.toordinal() <

date2.toordinal()</code>.

Order comparison between a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a> object that is not also a

<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code></a> instance and a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code> object raises

<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">TypeError</code></a>.

</li>

</ol>

تغییر داده شده در نسخه 3.13: Comparison between <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code></a> object and an instance of

the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a> subclass that is not a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code> subclass

no longer converts the latter to <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code>, ignoring the time part

and the time zone.

The default behavior can be changed by overriding the special comparison

methods in subclasses.

</div>

In Boolean contexts, all <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a> objects are considered to be true.

Instance methods:

date.replace(year=self.year, month=self.month, day=self.day)<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.replace" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a> object with the same values, but with specified

parameters updated.

Example:

>>> d = dt.date(2002, 12, 31)

>>> d.replace(day=26)

datetime.date(2002, 12, 26)

</pre></div>

</div>

The generic function <a class="reference internal" href="copy.html#copy.replace" title="copy.replace"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">copy.replace()</code></a> also supports <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a>

objects.

</dd></dl>

date.timetuple()<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.timetuple" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">time.struct_time</code></a> such as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time.localtime()</code></a>.

The hours, minutes and seconds are 0, and the DST flag is -1.

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">d.timetuple()</code> is equivalent to:

<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>time.struct_time((d.year, d.month, d.day, 0, 0, 0, d.weekday(), yday, -1))

</pre></div>

</div>

where <code class="docutils literal notranslate">yday = d.toordinal() - date(d.year, 1, 1).toordinal() + 1</code>

is the day number within the current year starting with 1 for January 1st.

</dd></dl>

date.toordinal()<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.toordinal" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Return the proleptic Gregorian ordinal of the date, where January 1 of year 1

has ordinal 1. For any <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">date</code></a> object <code class="docutils literal notranslate">d</code>,

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">date.fromordinal(d.toordinal()) == d</code>.

</dd></dl>

date.weekday()<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.weekday" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Return the day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 0 and Sunday is 6.

For example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">date(2002, 12, 4).weekday() == 2</code>, a Wednesday. See also

<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.isoweekday" title="datetime.date.isoweekday"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">isoweekday()</code></a>.

</dd></dl>

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