-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 10
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathconversion.html
More file actions
644 lines (573 loc) · 50.2 KB
/
Copy pathconversion.html
File metadata and controls
644 lines (573 loc) · 50.2 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="fa" data-content_root="../">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<meta property="og:title" content="String conversion and formatting" />
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/conversion.html" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Python documentation" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Functions for number conversion and formatted string output. PyOS_snprintf() and PyOS_vsnprintf() wrap the Standard C library functions snprintf() and vsnprintf(). Their purpose is to guarantee con..." />
<meta property="og:image" content="_static/og-image.png" />
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="Python documentation" />
<meta name="description" content="Functions for number conversion and formatted string output. PyOS_snprintf() and PyOS_vsnprintf() wrap the Standard C library functions snprintf() and vsnprintf(). Their purpose is to guarantee con..." />
<meta name="theme-color" content="#3776ab">
<meta property="og:image:width" content="200">
<meta property="og:image:height" content="200">
<title>String conversion and formatting — مستندات Python3.14.6</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css?v=b86133f3" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/classic.css?v=234b1a7c" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css?v=4365c8fe" />
<link id="pygments_dark_css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments_dark.css?v=0fc419ee" />
<script src="../_static/documentation_options.js?v=e254dbbb"></script>
<script src="../_static/doctools.js?v=9bcbadda"></script>
<script src="../_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
<script src="../_static/translations.js?v=5df48d09"></script>
<script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script>
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"
title="جستجو در مستندات Python3.14.6"
href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/>
<link rel="author" title="درباره این مستندات" href="../about.html" />
<link rel="index" title="فهرست" href="../genindex.html" />
<link rel="search" title="جستجو" href="../search.html" />
<link rel="copyright" title="حق چاپ" href="../copyright.html" />
<link rel="next" title="PyHash API" href="hash.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="Parsing arguments and building values" href="arg.html" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/conversion.html">
<style>
@media only screen {
table.full-width-table {
width: 100%;
}
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme_dark.css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" id="pydoctheme_dark_css">
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.svg">
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/menu.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/search-focus.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/themetoggle.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/rtd_switcher.js"></script>
<meta name="readthedocs-addons-api-version" content="1">
</head>
<body>
<div class="mobile-nav">
<input type="checkbox" id="menuToggler" class="toggler__input" aria-controls="navigation"
aria-pressed="false" aria-expanded="false" role="button" aria-label="Menu">
<nav class="nav-content" role="navigation">
<label for="menuToggler" class="toggler__label">
<span></span>
</label>
<span class="nav-items-wrapper">
<a href="https://www.python.org/" class="nav-logo">
<img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo">
</a>
<span class="version_switcher_placeholder"></span>
<form role="search" class="search" action="../search.html" method="get">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="search-icon">
<path fill-rule="nonzero" fill="currentColor" d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27a6.5 6.5 0 001.48-5.34c-.47-2.78-2.79-5-5.59-5.34a6.505 6.505 0 00-7.27 7.27c.34 2.8 2.56 5.12 5.34 5.59a6.5 6.5 0 005.34-1.48l.27.28v.79l4.25 4.25c.41.41 1.08.41 1.49 0 .41-.41.41-1.08 0-1.49L15.5 14zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"></path>
</svg>
<input placeholder="جستجو سریع" aria-label="جستجو سریع" type="search" name="q">
<input type="submit" value="برو">
</form>
</span>
</nav>
<div class="menu-wrapper">
<nav class="menu" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
<div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
<label class="theme-selector-label">
Theme
<select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)">
<option value="auto" selected>Auto</option>
<option value="light">Light</option>
<option value="dark">Dark</option>
</select>
</label>
<div>
<h3><a href="../contents.html">فهرست عناوین</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">String conversion and formatting</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#character-classification-and-conversion">Character classification and conversion</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<h4>موضوع قبلی</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="arg.html"
title="فصل قبلی">Parsing arguments and building values</a></p>
</div>
<div>
<h4>موضوع بعدی</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="hash.html"
title="فصل بعدی">PyHash API</a></p>
</div>
<script>
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
const title = document.querySelector('meta[property="og:title"]').content;
const elements = document.querySelectorAll('.improvepage');
const pageurl = window.location.href.split('?')[0];
elements.forEach(element => {
const url = new URL(element.href.split('?')[0].replace("-nojs", ""));
url.searchParams.set('pagetitle', title);
url.searchParams.set('pageurl', pageurl);
url.searchParams.set('pagesource', "c-api/conversion.rst");
element.href = url.toString();
});
});
</script>
<div role="note" aria-label="source link">
<h3>این صفحه</h3>
<ul class="this-page-menu">
<li><a href="../bugs.html">گزارش یک اشکال</a></li>
<li><a class="improvepage" href="../improve-page-nojs.html">بهبود این صفحه</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/c-api/conversion.rst?plain=1"
rel="nofollow">نمایش منبع
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/python/python-docs-fa/blob/3.14/c-api/conversion.po?plain=1"
rel="nofollow">نمایش منبع ترجمه</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="Related">
<h3>ناوبری</h3>
<ul>
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
<a href="../genindex.html" title="فهرست کلی"
accesskey="I">فهرست</a></li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="نمایه ی ماژول های پایتون"
>ماژول ها</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="hash.html" title="PyHash API"
accesskey="N">بعدی</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="arg.html" title="Parsing arguments and building values"
accesskey="P">قبلی</a> |</li>
<li><img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"></li>
<li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
<li class="switchers">
<div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
<div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div>
</li>
<li>
</li>
<li id="cpython-language-and-version">
<a href="../index.html">3.14.6 Documentation</a> »
</li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >Python/C API reference manual</a> »</li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="utilities.html" accesskey="U">Utilities</a> »</li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">String conversion and formatting</a></li>
<li class="right">
<div class="inline-search" role="search">
<form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">
<input placeholder="جستجو سریع" aria-label="جستجو سریع" type="search" name="q" id="search-box">
<input type="submit" value="برو">
</form>
</div>
|
</li>
<li class="right">
<label class="theme-selector-label">
Theme
<select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)">
<option value="auto" selected>Auto</option>
<option value="light">Light</option>
<option value="dark">Dark</option>
</select>
</label> |</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="document">
<div class="documentwrapper">
<div class="bodywrapper">
<div class="body" role="main">
<section id="string-conversion-and-formatting">
<span id="string-conversion"></span><h1>String conversion and formatting<a class="headerlink" href="#string-conversion-and-formatting" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>Functions for number conversion and formatted string output.</p>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyOS_snprintf">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyOS_snprintf</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">size_t</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">size</span></span>, <span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span>, <span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyOS_snprintf" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="stableabi"> قسمتی از <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">ABI پایدار</span></a>.</em><p>Output not more than <em>size</em> bytes to <em>str</em> according to the format string
<em>format</em> and the extra arguments. See the Unix man page <em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/snprintf(3)">snprintf(3)</a></em>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyOS_vsnprintf">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyOS_vsnprintf</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">size_t</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">size</span></span>, <span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span>, <span class="n"><span class="pre">va_list</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">va</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyOS_vsnprintf" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="stableabi"> قسمتی از <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">ABI پایدار</span></a>.</em><p>Output not more than <em>size</em> bytes to <em>str</em> according to the format string
<em>format</em> and the variable argument list <em>va</em>. Unix man page
<em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/vsnprintf(3)">vsnprintf(3)</a></em>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyOS_snprintf" title="PyOS_snprintf"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyOS_snprintf()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyOS_vsnprintf" title="PyOS_vsnprintf"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyOS_vsnprintf()</span></code></a> wrap the Standard C library
functions <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">snprintf()</span></code> and <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vsnprintf()</span></code>. Their purpose is to
guarantee consistent behavior in corner cases, which the Standard C functions do
not.</p>
<p>The wrappers ensure that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str[size-1]</span></code> is always <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'\0'</span></code> upon return. They
never write more than <em>size</em> bytes (including the trailing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'\0'</span></code>) into str.
Both functions require that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span> <span class="pre">!=</span> <span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">size</span> <span class="pre">></span> <span class="pre">0</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format</span> <span class="pre">!=</span> <span class="pre">NULL</span></code>
and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">size</span> <span class="pre"><</span> <span class="pre">INT_MAX</span></code>. Note that this means there is no equivalent to the C99
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">n</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">snprintf(NULL,</span> <span class="pre">0,</span> <span class="pre">...)</span></code> which would determine the necessary buffer size.</p>
<p>The return value (<em>rv</em>) for these functions should be interpreted as follows:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>When <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre"><=</span> <span class="pre">rv</span> <span class="pre"><</span> <span class="pre">size</span></code>, the output conversion was successful and <em>rv</em>
characters were written to <em>str</em> (excluding the trailing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'\0'</span></code> byte at
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str[rv]</span></code>).</p></li>
<li><p>When <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rv</span> <span class="pre">>=</span> <span class="pre">size</span></code>, the output conversion was truncated and a buffer with
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rv</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code> bytes would have been needed to succeed. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str[size-1]</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'\0'</span></code>
in this case.</p></li>
<li><p>When <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rv</span> <span class="pre"><</span> <span class="pre">0</span></code>, the output conversion failed and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str[size-1]</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'\0'</span></code> in
this case too, but the rest of <em>str</em> is undefined. The exact cause of the error
depends on the underlying platform.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The following functions provide locale-independent string to number conversions.</p>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyOS_strtoul">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">unsigned</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyOS_strtoul</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">ptr</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">base</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyOS_strtoul" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="stableabi"> قسمتی از <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">ABI پایدار</span></a>.</em><p>Convert the initial part of the string in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code> to an <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span></span> value according to the given <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base</span></code>, which must be between <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">36</span></code> inclusive, or be the special value <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>.</p>
<p>Leading white space and case of characters are ignored. If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base</span></code> is zero
it looks for a leading <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0b</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0o</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x</span></code> to tell which base. If
these are absent it defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">10</span></code>. Base must be 0 or between 2 and 36
(inclusive). If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ptr</span></code> is non-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> it will contain a pointer to the
end of the scan.</p>
<p>If the converted value falls out of range of corresponding return type,
range error occurs (<code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> is set to <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERANGE</span></code>) and
<code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ULONG_MAX</span></code> is returned. If no conversion can be performed, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>
is returned.</p>
<p>See also the Unix man page <em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/strtoul(3)">strtoul(3)</a></em>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyOS_strtol">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">long</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyOS_strtol</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">ptr</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">base</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyOS_strtol" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="stableabi"> قسمتی از <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">ABI پایدار</span></a>.</em><p>Convert the initial part of the string in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code> to an <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span></span> value
according to the given <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base</span></code>, which must be between <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">36</span></code>
inclusive, or be the special value <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>.</p>
<p>Same as <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyOS_strtoul" title="PyOS_strtoul"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyOS_strtoul()</span></code></a>, but return a <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">long</span></span> value instead
and <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LONG_MAX</span></code> on overflows.</p>
<p>See also the Unix man page <em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/strtol(3)">strtol(3)</a></em>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyOS_string_to_double">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">double</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyOS_string_to_double</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">endptr</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">overflow_exception</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyOS_string_to_double" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="stableabi"> قسمتی از <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">ABI پایدار</span></a>.</em><p>Convert a string <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span></code> to a <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">double</span></span>, raising a Python
exception on failure. The set of accepted strings corresponds to
the set of strings accepted by Python's <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float()</span></code></a> constructor,
except that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span></code> must not have leading or trailing whitespace.
The conversion is independent of the current locale.</p>
<p>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">endptr</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, convert the whole string. Raise
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> and return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1.0</span></code> if the string is not a valid
representation of a floating-point number.</p>
<p>If endptr is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, convert as much of the string as
possible and set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*endptr</span></code> to point to the first unconverted
character. If no initial segment of the string is the valid
representation of a floating-point number, set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*endptr</span></code> to point
to the beginning of the string, raise ValueError, and return
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1.0</span></code>.</p>
<p>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span></code> represents a value that is too large to store in a float
(for example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"1e500"</span></code> is such a string on many platforms) then
if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">overflow_exception</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_INFINITY</span></code> (with
an appropriate sign) and don't set any exception. Otherwise,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">overflow_exception</span></code> must point to a Python exception object;
raise that exception and return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1.0</span></code>. In both cases, set
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*endptr</span></code> to point to the first character after the converted value.</p>
<p>If any other error occurs during the conversion (for example an
out-of-memory error), set the appropriate Python exception and
return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1.0</span></code>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.1.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyOS_double_to_string">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyOS_double_to_string</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">double</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">val</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">format_code</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">precision</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">flags</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">ptype</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyOS_double_to_string" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="stableabi"> قسمتی از <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">ABI پایدار</span></a>.</em><p>Convert a <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">double</span></span> <em>val</em> to a string using supplied
<em>format_code</em>, <em>precision</em>, and <em>flags</em>.</p>
<p><em>format_code</em> must be one of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'e'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'E'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'f'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'F'</span></code>,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'g'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'G'</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'r'</span></code>. For <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'r'</span></code>, the supplied <em>precision</em>
must be 0 and is ignored. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'r'</span></code> format code specifies the
standard <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#repr" title="repr"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr()</span></code></a> format.</p>
<p><em>flags</em> can be zero or more of the following values or-ed together:</p>
<dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_DTSF_SIGN">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_DTSF_SIGN</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_DTSF_SIGN" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Always precede the returned string with a sign
character, even if <em>val</em> is non-negative.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_DTSF_ADD_DOT_0">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_DTSF_ADD_DOT_0</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_DTSF_ADD_DOT_0" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Ensure that the returned string will not look like an integer.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_DTSF_ALT">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_DTSF_ALT</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_DTSF_ALT" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Apply "alternate" formatting rules.
See the documentation for the <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyOS_snprintf" title="PyOS_snprintf"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyOS_snprintf()</span></code></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'#'</span></code> specifier for
details.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_DTSF_NO_NEG_0">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_DTSF_NO_NEG_0</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_DTSF_NO_NEG_0" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Negative zero is converted to positive zero.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<p>If <em>ptype</em> is non-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, then the value it points to will be set to one
of the following constants depending on the type of <em>val</em>:</p>
<table class="docutils align-left">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p><em>*ptype</em></p></th>
<th class="head"><p>type of <em>val</em></p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_DTST_FINITE">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_DTST_FINITE</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_DTST_FINITE" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
</td>
<td><p>finite number</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_DTST_INFINITE">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_DTST_INFINITE</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_DTST_INFINITE" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
</td>
<td><p>infinite number</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_DTST_NAN">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_DTST_NAN</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_DTST_NAN" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
</td>
<td><p>not a number</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The return value is a pointer to <em>buffer</em> with the converted string or
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> if the conversion failed. The caller is responsible for freeing the
returned string by calling <a class="reference internal" href="memory.html#c.PyMem_Free" title="PyMem_Free"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyMem_Free()</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.1.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyOS_mystricmp">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyOS_mystricmp</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str1</span></span>, <span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyOS_mystricmp" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyOS_mystrnicmp">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyOS_mystrnicmp</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str1</span></span>, <span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str2</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">size</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyOS_mystrnicmp" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="stableabi"> قسمتی از <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">ABI پایدار</span></a>.</em><p>Case insensitive comparison of strings. These functions work almost
identically to <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strcmp()</span></code> and <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strncmp()</span></code> (respectively),
except that they ignore the case of ASCII characters.</p>
<p>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> if the strings are equal, a negative value if <em>str1</em> sorts
lexicographically before <em>str2</em>, or a positive value if it sorts after.</p>
<p>In the <em>str1</em> or <em>str2</em> arguments, a NUL byte marks the end of the string.
For <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyOS_mystrnicmp()</span></code>, the <em>size</em> argument gives the maximum size
of the string, as if NUL was present at the index given by <em>size</em>.</p>
<p>These functions do not use the locale.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyOS_stricmp">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyOS_stricmp</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str1</span></span>, <span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyOS_stricmp" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyOS_strnicmp">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyOS_strnicmp</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str1</span></span>, <span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str2</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">size</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyOS_strnicmp" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Case insensitive comparison of strings.</p>
<p>On Windows, these are aliases of <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stricmp()</span></code> and <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strnicmp()</span></code>,
respectively.</p>
<p>On other platforms, they are aliases of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyOS_mystricmp" title="PyOS_mystricmp"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyOS_mystricmp()</span></code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyOS_mystrnicmp" title="PyOS_mystrnicmp"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyOS_mystrnicmp()</span></code></a>, respectively.</p>
</dd></dl>
</section>
<section id="character-classification-and-conversion">
<h1>Character classification and conversion<a class="headerlink" href="#character-classification-and-conversion" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>The following macros provide locale-independent (unlike the C standard library
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctype.h</span></code>) character classification and conversion.
The argument must be a signed or unsigned <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><span class="kt">char</span></span>.</p>
<dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_ISALNUM">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ISALNUM</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">c</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_ISALNUM" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if the character <em>c</em> is an alphanumeric character.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_ISALPHA">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ISALPHA</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">c</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_ISALPHA" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if the character <em>c</em> is an alphabetic character (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">a-z</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">A-Z</span></code>).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_ISDIGIT">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ISDIGIT</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">c</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_ISDIGIT" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if the character <em>c</em> is a decimal digit (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0-9</span></code>).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_ISLOWER">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ISLOWER</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">c</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_ISLOWER" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if the character <em>c</em> is a lowercase ASCII letter (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">a-z</span></code>).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_ISUPPER">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ISUPPER</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">c</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_ISUPPER" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if the character <em>c</em> is an uppercase ASCII letter (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">A-Z</span></code>).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_ISSPACE">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ISSPACE</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">c</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_ISSPACE" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if the character <em>c</em> is a whitespace character (space, tab,
carriage return, newline, vertical tab, or form feed).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_ISXDIGIT">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ISXDIGIT</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">c</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_ISXDIGIT" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if the character <em>c</em> is a hexadecimal digit (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0-9</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">a-f</span></code>, and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">A-F</span></code>).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_TOLOWER">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_TOLOWER</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">c</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_TOLOWER" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Return the lowercase equivalent of the character <em>c</em>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_TOUPPER">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_TOUPPER</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="n"><span class="pre">c</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_TOUPPER" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Return the uppercase equivalent of the character <em>c</em>.</p>
</dd></dl>
</section>
<div class="clearer"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="Main">
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
<div>
<h3><a href="../contents.html">فهرست عناوین</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">String conversion and formatting</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#character-classification-and-conversion">Character classification and conversion</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<h4>موضوع قبلی</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="arg.html"
title="فصل قبلی">Parsing arguments and building values</a></p>
</div>
<div>
<h4>موضوع بعدی</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="hash.html"
title="فصل بعدی">PyHash API</a></p>
</div>
<script>
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
const title = document.querySelector('meta[property="og:title"]').content;
const elements = document.querySelectorAll('.improvepage');
const pageurl = window.location.href.split('?')[0];
elements.forEach(element => {
const url = new URL(element.href.split('?')[0].replace("-nojs", ""));
url.searchParams.set('pagetitle', title);
url.searchParams.set('pageurl', pageurl);
url.searchParams.set('pagesource', "c-api/conversion.rst");
element.href = url.toString();
});
});
</script>
<div role="note" aria-label="source link">
<h3>این صفحه</h3>
<ul class="this-page-menu">
<li><a href="../bugs.html">گزارش یک اشکال</a></li>
<li><a class="improvepage" href="../improve-page-nojs.html">بهبود این صفحه</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/c-api/conversion.rst?plain=1"
rel="nofollow">نمایش منبع
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/python/python-docs-fa/blob/3.14/c-api/conversion.po?plain=1"
rel="nofollow">نمایش منبع ترجمه</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="sidebarbutton" title="تا کردن نوار کناره">
<span>«</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clearer"></div>
</div>
<div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="Related">
<h3>ناوبری</h3>
<ul>
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
<a href="../genindex.html" title="فهرست کلی"
>فهرست</a></li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="نمایه ی ماژول های پایتون"
>ماژول ها</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="hash.html" title="PyHash API"
>بعدی</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="arg.html" title="Parsing arguments and building values"
>قبلی</a> |</li>
<li><img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"></li>
<li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
<li class="switchers">
<div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
<div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div>
</li>
<li>
</li>
<li id="cpython-language-and-version">
<a href="../index.html">3.14.6 Documentation</a> »
</li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >Python/C API reference manual</a> »</li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="utilities.html" >Utilities</a> »</li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">String conversion and formatting</a></li>
<li class="right">
<div class="inline-search" role="search">
<form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">
<input placeholder="جستجو سریع" aria-label="جستجو سریع" type="search" name="q" id="search-box">
<input type="submit" value="برو">
</form>
</div>
|
</li>
<li class="right">
<label class="theme-selector-label">
Theme
<select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)">
<option value="auto" selected>Auto</option>
<option value="light">Light</option>
<option value="dark">Dark</option>
</select>
</label> |</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="footer">
© <a href="../copyright.html">حق چاپ</a> 2001 Python Software Foundation.
<br>
This page is licensed under the Python Software Foundation License Version 2.
<br>
Examples, recipes, and other code in the documentation are additionally licensed under the Zero Clause BSD License.
<br>
See <a href="/license.html">History and License</a> for more information.<br>
<br>
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation.
<a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a>
<br>
<br>
آخرین بروز رسانی در اوت 18, 2026 (04:23 UTC) .
<a href="/bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?
<br>
ایجاد شده با<a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 8.2.3.
</div>
</body>
</html>