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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<head>

<title>matplotlib — Matplotlib 3.1.0 documentation</title>

type="text/css" />

type="text/css" />

title="Search within Matplotlib 3.1.0 documentation"

href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/>

</head>

<body>

<div id="unreleased-message"> You are reading an old version of the documentation (v3.1.0). For the latest version see <a href="/stable/">https://matplotlib.org/stable/</a> </div>

<div style="float: left; position: absolute; width: 496px; bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 24px">Version 3.1.0</div>

<div id="forkongithub"><a href="https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib">Fork me on GitHub</a></div>

</div>

<h3>Navigation</h3>

<ul>

<a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"

accesskey="I">index</a></li>

<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"

>modules</a> |</li>

<li><a href="../gallery/index.html">examples</a>| </li>

<li><a href="../tutorials/index.html">tutorials</a>| </li>

<li><a href="../contents.html">contents</a> »</li>

<li><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">Module code</a> »</li>

</ul>

</div>

<h3>Quick search</h3>

</form>

</div>

<h3>Related Topics</h3>

<ul>

<li><a href="../contents.html">Documentation overview</a><ul>

<li><a href="index.html">Module code</a><ul>

</ul></li>

</ul>

</div>

<h1>Source code for matplotlib</h1><div class="highlight"><pre>

"""

This is an object-oriented plotting library.

A procedural interface is provided by the companion pyplot module,

which may be imported directly, e.g.::

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

or using ipython::

ipython

at your terminal, followed by::

In [1]: %matplotlib

In [2]: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

at the ipython shell prompt.

For the most part, direct use of the object-oriented library is

encouraged when programming; pyplot is primarily for working

interactively. The

exceptions are the pyplot commands :func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.figure`,

:func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.subplot`,

:func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.subplots`, and

:func:`~pyplot.savefig`, which can greatly simplify scripting.

Modules include:

:mod:`matplotlib.axes`

defines the :class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` class. Most pyplot

commands are wrappers for :class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes`

methods. The axes module is the highest level of OO access to

the library.

:mod:`matplotlib.figure`

defines the :class:`~matplotlib.figure.Figure` class.

:mod:`matplotlib.artist`

defines the :class:`~matplotlib.artist.Artist` base class for

all classes that draw things.

:mod:`matplotlib.lines`

defines the :class:`~matplotlib.lines.Line2D` class for

drawing lines and markers

:mod:`matplotlib.patches`

defines classes for drawing polygons

:mod:`matplotlib.text`

defines the :class:`~matplotlib.text.Text`,

:class:`~matplotlib.text.TextWithDash`, and

:class:`~matplotlib.text.Annotate` classes

:mod:`matplotlib.image`

defines the :class:`~matplotlib.image.AxesImage` and

:class:`~matplotlib.image.FigureImage` classes

:mod:`matplotlib.collections`

classes for efficient drawing of groups of lines or polygons

:mod:`matplotlib.colors`

classes for interpreting color specifications and for making

colormaps

:mod:`matplotlib.cm`

colormaps and the :class:`~matplotlib.image.ScalarMappable`

mixin class for providing color mapping functionality to other

classes

:mod:`matplotlib.ticker`

classes for calculating tick mark locations and for formatting

tick labels

:mod:`matplotlib.backends`

a subpackage with modules for various gui libraries and output

formats

The base matplotlib namespace includes:

:data:`~matplotlib.rcParams`

a global dictionary of default configuration settings. It is

initialized by code which may be overridden by a matplotlibrc

file.

:func:`~matplotlib.rc`

a function for setting groups of rcParams values

:func:`~matplotlib.use`

a function for setting the matplotlib backend. If used, this

function must be called immediately after importing matplotlib

for the first time. In particular, it must be called

**before** importing pyplot (if pyplot is imported).

matplotlib was initially written by John D. Hunter (1968-2012) and is now

developed and maintained by a host of others.

Occasionally the internal documentation (python docstrings) will refer

to MATLAB&reg;, a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc.

"""

# NOTE: This file must remain Python 2 compatible for the foreseeable future,

# to ensure that we error out properly for existing editable installs.

import sys

if sys.version_info < (3, 5): # noqa: E402

raise ImportError("""

Matplotlib 3.0+ does not support Python 2.x, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, or 3.4.

Beginning with Matplotlib 3.0, Python 3.5 and above is required.

See Matplotlib `INSTALL.rst` file for more information:

https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/blob/master/INSTALL.rst

""")

import atexit

from collections import namedtuple

from collections.abc import MutableMapping

import contextlib

from distutils.version import LooseVersion

import functools

import importlib

import inspect

from inspect import Parameter

import locale

import logging

import os

from pathlib import Path

import pprint

import re

import shutil

import subprocess

import tempfile

# cbook must import matplotlib only within function

# definitions, so it is safe to import from it here.

from . import cbook, rcsetup

from matplotlib.cbook import (

MatplotlibDeprecationWarning, dedent, get_label, sanitize_sequence)

from matplotlib.cbook import mplDeprecation # deprecated

from matplotlib.rcsetup import defaultParams, validate_backend, cycler

import numpy

# Get the version from the _version.py versioneer file. For a git checkout,

# this is computed based on the number of commits since the last tag.

from ._version import get_versions

__version__ = str(get_versions()['version'])

del get_versions

_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

__bibtex__ = r"""@Article{Hunter:2007,

Author = {Hunter, J. D.},

Title = {Matplotlib: A 2D graphics environment},

Journal = {Computing in Science \& Engineering},

Volume = {9},

Number = {3},

Pages = {90--95},

abstract = {Matplotlib is a 2D graphics package used for Python

for application development, interactive scripting, and

publication-quality image generation across user

interfaces and operating systems.},

publisher = {IEEE COMPUTER SOC},

year = 2007

}"""

def compare_versions(a, b):

"Return whether version *a* is greater than or equal to version *b*."

if isinstance(a, bytes):

cbook.warn_deprecated(

"3.0", message="compare_versions arguments should be strs.")

a = a.decode('ascii')

if isinstance(b, bytes):

cbook.warn_deprecated(

b = b.decode('ascii')

if a:

return LooseVersion(a) >= LooseVersion(b)

else:

return False

def _check_versions():

for modname, minver in [

("cycler", "0.10"),

("dateutil", "2.1"),

("kiwisolver", "1.0.1"),

("numpy", "1.11"),

("pyparsing", "2.0.1"),

]:

module = importlib.import_module(modname)

if LooseVersion(module.__version__) < minver:

raise ImportError("Matplotlib requires {}>={}; you have {}"

.format(modname, minver, module.__version__))

_check_versions()

if not hasattr(sys, 'argv'): # for modpython

sys.argv = ['modpython']

# The decorator ensures this always returns the same handler (and it is only

# attached once).

@functools.lru_cache()

def _ensure_handler():

"""

The first time this function is called, attach a `StreamHandler` using the

same format as `logging.basicConfig` to the Matplotlib root logger.

Return this handler every time this function is called.

"""

handler = logging.StreamHandler()

handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(logging.BASIC_FORMAT))

_log.addHandler(handler)

return handler

<div class="viewcode-block" id="set_loglevel"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../api/matplotlib_configuration_api.html#matplotlib.set_loglevel">[docs]</a>def set_loglevel(level):

"""

Sets the Matplotlib's root logger and root logger handler level, creating

the handler if it does not exist yet.

Typically, one should call ``set_loglevel("info")`` or

``set_loglevel("debug")`` to get additional debugging information.

Parameters

----------

level : {"notset", "debug", "info", "warning", "error", "critical"}

The log level of the handler.

Notes

-----

The first time this function is called, an additional handler is attached

to Matplotlib's root handler; this handler is reused every time and this

function simply manipulates the logger and handler's level.

"""

_log.setLevel(level.upper())

_ensure_handler().setLevel(level.upper())</div>

def _logged_cached(fmt, func=None):

"""

Decorator that logs a function's return value, and memoizes that value.

After ::

@_logged_cached(fmt)

def func(): ...

the first call to *func* will log its return value at the DEBUG level using

%-format string *fmt*, and memoize it; later calls to *func* will directly

return that value.

"""

if func is None: # Return the actual decorator.

return functools.partial(_logged_cached, fmt)

called = False

ret = None

@functools.wraps(func)

def wrapper():

nonlocal called, ret

if not called:

ret = func()

called = True

_log.debug(fmt, ret)

return ret

return wrapper

_ExecInfo = namedtuple("_ExecInfo", "executable version")

@functools.lru_cache()

def _get_executable_info(name):

"""

Get the version of some executable that Matplotlib optionally depends on.

.. warning:

The list of executables that this function supports is set according to

Matplotlib's internal needs, and may change without notice.

Parameters

----------

name : str

The executable to query. The following values are currently supported:

"dvipng", "gs", "inkscape", "magick", "pdftops". This list is subject

to change without notice.

Returns

-------

If the executable is found, a namedtuple with fields ``executable`` (`str`)

and ``version`` (`distutils.version.LooseVersion`, or ``None`` if the

version cannot be determined).

Raises

------

FileNotFoundError

If the executable is not found or older than the oldest version

supported by Matplotlib.

ValueError

If the executable is not one that we know how to query.

"""

def impl(args, regex, min_ver=None):

# Execute the subprocess specified by args; capture stdout and stderr.

# Search for a regex match in the output; if the match succeeds, the

# first group of the match is the version.

# Return an _ExecInfo if the executable exists, and has a version of

# at least min_ver (if set); else, raise FileNotFoundError.

output = subprocess.check_output(

args, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, universal_newlines=True)

match = re.search(regex, output)

if match:

version = LooseVersion(match.group(1))

if min_ver is not None and version < min_ver:

raise FileNotFoundError(

f"You have {args[0]} version {version} but the minimum "

f"version supported by Matplotlib is {min_ver}.")

return _ExecInfo(args[0], version)

else:

raise FileNotFoundError(

f"Failed to determine the version of {args[0]} from "

f"{' '.join(args)}, which output {output}")

if name == "dvipng":

return impl(["dvipng", "-version"], "(?m)^dvipng .* (.+)", "1.6")

elif name == "gs":

execs = (["gswin32c", "gswin64c", "mgs", "gs"] # "mgs" for miktex.

if sys.platform == "win32" else

["gs"])

for e in execs:

try:

return impl([e, "--version"], "(.*)", "9")

except FileNotFoundError:

pass

raise FileNotFoundError("Failed to find a Ghostscript installation")

elif name == "inkscape":

return impl(["inkscape", "-V"], "^Inkscape ([^ ]*)")

elif name == "magick":

path = None

if sys.platform == "win32":

# Check the registry to avoid confusing ImageMagick's convert with

# Windows's builtin convert.exe.

import winreg

binpath = ""

for flag in [0, winreg.KEY_WOW64_32KEY, winreg.KEY_WOW64_64KEY]:

try:

with winreg.OpenKeyEx(

winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,

r"Software\Imagemagick\Current",

0, winreg.KEY_QUERY_VALUE | flag) as hkey:

binpath = winreg.QueryValueEx(hkey, "BinPath")[0]

except OSError:

pass

if binpath:

for name in ["convert.exe", "magick.exe"]:

candidate = Path(binpath, name)

if candidate.exists():

path = str(candidate)

break

else:

path = "convert"

if path is None:

raise FileNotFoundError(

"Failed to find an ImageMagick installation")

return impl([path, "--version"], r"^Version: ImageMagick (\S*)")

elif name == "pdftops":

info = impl(["pdftops", "-v"], "^pdftops version (.*)")

if info and not ("3.0" <= info.version

# poppler version numbers.

or "0.9" <= info.version <= "1.0"):

raise FileNotFoundError(

f"You have pdftops version {info.version} but the minimum "

f"version supported by Matplotlib is 3.0.")

return info

else:

raise ValueError("Unknown executable: {!r}".format(name))

@cbook.deprecated("3.1")

def checkdep_dvipng():

try:

stdout=subprocess.PIPE,

stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

stdout, stderr = s.communicate()

line = stdout.decode('ascii').split('\n')[1]

v = line.split()[-1]

return v

except (IndexError, ValueError, OSError):

return None

@cbook.deprecated("3.1")

def checkdep_ghostscript():

if checkdep_ghostscript.executable is None:

if sys.platform == 'win32':

# mgs is the name in miktex

gs_execs = ['gswin32c', 'gswin64c', 'mgs', 'gs']

else:

gs_execs = ['gs']

for gs_exec in gs_execs:

try:

s = subprocess.Popen(

[gs_exec, '--version'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE,

stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

if s.returncode == 0:

v = stdout[:-1].decode('ascii')

if compare_versions(v, '9.0'):

checkdep_ghostscript.executable = gs_exec

checkdep_ghostscript.version = v

pass

return checkdep_ghostscript.executable, checkdep_ghostscript.version

checkdep_ghostscript.executable = None

checkdep_ghostscript.version = None

@cbook.deprecated("3.1")

def checkdep_pdftops():

try:

s = subprocess.Popen(['pdftops', '-v'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE,

stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

lines = stderr.decode('ascii').split('\n')

for line in lines:

if 'version' in line:

return v

return None

@cbook.deprecated("3.1")

def checkdep_inkscape():

if checkdep_inkscape.version is None:

try:

stdout=subprocess.PIPE,

stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

lines = stdout.decode('ascii').split('\n')

for line in lines:

if 'Inkscape' in line:

break

checkdep_inkscape.version = v

pass

return checkdep_inkscape.version

checkdep_inkscape.version = None

def checkdep_ps_distiller(s):

if not s:

return False

try:

_get_executable_info("gs")

except FileNotFoundError:

_log.warning(

"Setting rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] requires ghostscript.")

return False

if s == "xpdf":

try:

_get_executable_info("pdftops")

except FileNotFoundError:

_log.warning(

"Setting rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] to 'xpdf' requires xpdf.")

return False

return s

def checkdep_usetex(s):

if not s:

return False

if not shutil.which("tex"):

_log.warning("usetex mode requires TeX.")

return False

try:

_get_executable_info("dvipng")

except FileNotFoundError:

_log.warning("usetex mode requires dvipng.")

return False

try:

_get_executable_info("gs")

except FileNotFoundError:

_log.warning("usetex mode requires ghostscript.")

return False

return True

@_logged_cached('$HOME=%s')

def get_home():

"""

Return the user's home directory.

If the user's home directory cannot be found, return None.

"""

try:

return str(Path.home())

except Exception:

return None

def _create_tmp_config_or_cache_dir():

"""

If the config or cache directory cannot be created, create a temporary one.

"""

configdir = os.environ['MPLCONFIGDIR'] = (

tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='matplotlib-'))

atexit.register(shutil.rmtree, configdir)

return configdir

def _get_xdg_config_dir():

"""

Return the XDG configuration directory, according to the `XDG

base directory spec

<http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html>`_.

"""

return (os.environ.get('XDG_CONFIG_HOME')

or (str(Path(get_home(), ".config"))

if get_home()

else None))

def _get_xdg_cache_dir():

"""

Return the XDG cache directory, according to the `XDG

base directory spec

<http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html>`_.

"""

if get_home()

else None))

def _get_config_or_cache_dir(xdg_base):

configdir = os.environ.get('MPLCONFIGDIR')

if configdir:

configdir = Path(configdir).resolve()

elif sys.platform.startswith(('linux', 'freebsd')) and xdg_base:

configdir = Path(xdg_base, "matplotlib")

elif get_home():

configdir = Path(get_home(), ".matplotlib")

else:

configdir = None

if configdir:

try:

configdir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

except OSError:

pass

else:

if os.access(str(configdir), os.W_OK) and configdir.is_dir():

return str(configdir)

return _create_tmp_config_or_cache_dir()

@_logged_cached('CONFIGDIR=%s')

def get_configdir():

"""

Return the string representing the configuration directory.

The directory is chosen as follows:

1. If the MPLCONFIGDIR environment variable is supplied, choose that.

2a. On Linux, follow the XDG specification and look first in

`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME`, if defined, or `$HOME/.config`.

2b. On other platforms, choose `$HOME/.matplotlib`.

3. If the chosen directory exists and is writable, use that as the

configuration directory.

4. If possible, create a temporary directory, and use it as the

configuration directory.

5. A writable directory could not be found or created; return None.

"""

return _get_config_or_cache_dir(_get_xdg_config_dir())

@_logged_cached('CACHEDIR=%s')

def get_cachedir():

"""

Return the location of the cache directory.

The procedure used to find the directory is the same as for

_get_config_dir, except using `$XDG_CACHE_HOME`/`~/.cache` instead.

"""

return _get_config_or_cache_dir(_get_xdg_cache_dir())

def _get_data_path():

'get the path to matplotlib data'

if 'MATPLOTLIBDATA' in os.environ:

path = os.environ['MATPLOTLIBDATA']

if not os.path.isdir(path):

raise RuntimeError('Path in environment MATPLOTLIBDATA not a '

'directory')

cbook.warn_deprecated(

"3.1", name="MATPLOTLIBDATA", obj_type="environment variable")

return path

def get_candidate_paths():

yield Path(__file__).with_name('mpl-data')

# setuptools' namespace_packages may hijack this init file

# so need to try something known to be in Matplotlib, not basemap.

import matplotlib.afm

yield Path(matplotlib.afm.__file__).with_name('mpl-data')

# py2exe zips pure python, so still need special check.

if getattr(sys, 'frozen', None):

yield Path(sys.executable).with_name('mpl-data')

# Try again assuming we need to step up one more directory.

yield Path(sys.executable).parent.with_name('mpl-data')

# Try again assuming sys.path[0] is a dir not a exe.

yield Path(sys.path[0]) / 'mpl-data'

for path in get_candidate_paths():

if path.is_dir():

return str(path)

raise RuntimeError('Could not find the matplotlib data files')

@_logged_cached('matplotlib data path: %s')

def get_data_path():

if defaultParams['datapath'][0] is None:

defaultParams['datapath'][0] = _get_data_path()

return defaultParams['datapath'][0]

@cbook.deprecated("3.1")

def get_py2exe_datafiles():

data_path = Path(get_data_path())

d = {}

for path in filter(Path.is_file, data_path.glob("**/*")):

(d.setdefault(str(path.parent.relative_to(data_path.parent)), [])

.append(str(path)))

return list(d.items())

<div class="viewcode-block" id="matplotlib_fname"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../api/matplotlib_configuration_api.html#matplotlib.matplotlib_fname">[docs]</a>def matplotlib_fname():

"""

Get the location of the config file.

The file location is determined in the following order

- ``$PWD/matplotlibrc``

- ``$MATPLOTLIBRC`` if it is not a directory

- ``$MATPLOTLIBRC/matplotlibrc``

- ``$MPLCONFIGDIR/matplotlibrc``

- On Linux,

- ``$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/matplotlib/matplotlibrc`` (if ``$XDG_CONFIG_HOME``

is defined)

- or ``$HOME/.config/matplotlib/matplotlibrc`` (if ``$XDG_CONFIG_HOME``

is not defined)

- On other platforms,

- ``$HOME/.matplotlib/matplotlibrc`` if ``$HOME`` is defined

- Lastly, it looks in ``$MATPLOTLIBDATA/matplotlibrc``, which should always

exist.

"""

def gen_candidates():

yield os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'matplotlibrc')

try:

matplotlibrc = os.environ['MATPLOTLIBRC']

except KeyError:

pass

else:

yield matplotlibrc

yield os.path.join(matplotlibrc, 'matplotlibrc')

yield os.path.join(get_configdir(), 'matplotlibrc')

yield os.path.join(get_data_path(), 'matplotlibrc')

for fname in gen_candidates():

if os.path.exists(fname) and not os.path.isdir(fname):

return fname

raise RuntimeError("Could not find matplotlibrc file; your Matplotlib "

"install is broken")</div>

# rcParams deprecated and automatically mapped to another key.

# Values are tuples of (version, new_name, f_old2new, f_new2old).

_deprecated_map = {}

# rcParams deprecated; some can manually be mapped to another key.

# Values are tuples of (version, new_name_or_None).

_deprecated_ignore_map = {

'pgf.debug': ('3.0', None),

}

# rcParams deprecated; can use None to suppress warnings; remain actually

# listed in the rcParams (not included in _all_deprecated).

# Values are tuples of (version,)

_deprecated_remain_as_none = {

'text.latex.unicode': ('3.0',),

'savefig.frameon': ('3.1',),

'verbose.fileo': ('3.1',),

'verbose.level': ('3.1',),

}

_all_deprecated = {*_deprecated_map, *_deprecated_ignore_map}

<div class="viewcode-block" id="RcParams"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../api/matplotlib_configuration_api.html#matplotlib.RcParams">[docs]</a>class RcParams(MutableMapping, dict):

"""

A dictionary object including validation

validating functions are defined and associated with rc parameters in

:mod:`matplotlib.rcsetup`

"""

validate = {key: converter

for key, (default, converter) in defaultParams.items()

if key not in _all_deprecated}

@cbook.deprecated("3.0")

@property

def msg_depr(self):

return "%s is deprecated and replaced with %s; please use the latter."

@cbook.deprecated("3.0")

@property

def msg_depr_ignore(self):

return "%s is deprecated and ignored. Use %s instead."

@cbook.deprecated("3.0")

@property

def msg_depr_set(self):

return ("%s is deprecated. Please remove it from your matplotlibrc "

"and/or style files.")

@cbook.deprecated("3.0")

@property

def msg_obsolete(self):

return ("%s is obsolete. Please remove it from your matplotlibrc "

"and/or style files.")

@cbook.deprecated("3.0")

@property

def msg_backend_obsolete(self):

return ("The {} rcParam was deprecated in version 2.2. In order to "

"force the use of a specific Qt binding, either import that "

"binding first, or set the QT_API environment variable.")

# validate values on the way in

def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

self.update(*args, **kwargs)

def __setitem__(self, key, val):

try:

if key in _deprecated_map:

version, alt_key, alt_val, inverse_alt = _deprecated_map[key]

cbook.warn_deprecated(

version, name=key, obj_type="rcparam", alternative=alt_key)

key = alt_key

val = alt_val(val)

elif key in _deprecated_remain_as_none and val is not None:

version, = _deprecated_remain_as_none[key]

cbook.warn_deprecated(

elif key in _deprecated_ignore_map:

version, alt_key = _deprecated_ignore_map[key]

cbook.warn_deprecated(

return

elif key == 'examples.directory':

cbook.warn_deprecated(

"3.0", name=key, obj_type="rcparam", addendum="In the "

"future, examples will be found relative to the "

"'datapath' directory.")

elif key == 'backend':

if val is rcsetup._auto_backend_sentinel:

if 'backend' in self:

return

try:

cval = self.validate[key](val)

except ValueError as ve:

raise ValueError("Key %s: %s" % (key, str(ve)))

dict.__setitem__(self, key, cval)

except KeyError:

raise KeyError(

f"{key} is not a valid rc parameter (see rcParams.keys() for "

f"a list of valid parameters)")

def __getitem__(self, key):

if key in _deprecated_map:

cbook.warn_deprecated(

return inverse_alt(dict.__getitem__(self, alt_key))

elif key in _deprecated_ignore_map:

cbook.warn_deprecated(

return dict.__getitem__(self, alt_key) if alt_key else None

elif key == 'examples.directory':

cbook.warn_deprecated(

"examples will be found relative to the 'datapath' directory.")

elif key == "backend":

val = dict.__getitem__(self, key)

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

plt.switch_backend(rcsetup._auto_backend_sentinel)

def __repr__(self):

class_name = self.__class__.__name__

indent = len(class_name) + 1

repr_split = pprint.pformat(dict(self), indent=1,

width=80 - indent).split('\n')

repr_indented = ('\n' + ' ' * indent).join(repr_split)

return '{}({})'.format(class_name, repr_indented)

def __str__(self):

return '\n'.join(map('{0[0]}: {0[1]}'.format, sorted(self.items())))

def __iter__(self):

"""Yield sorted list of keys."""

with cbook._suppress_matplotlib_deprecation_warning():

yield from sorted(dict.__iter__(self))

def __len__(self):

return dict.__len__(self)

<div class="viewcode-block" id="RcParams.find_all"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../api/matplotlib_configuration_api.html#matplotlib.RcParams.find_all">[docs]</a> def find_all(self, pattern):

"""

Return the subset of this RcParams dictionary whose keys match,

using :func:`re.search`, the given ``pattern``.

.. note::

Changes to the returned dictionary are *not* propagated to

the parent RcParams dictionary.

"""

pattern_re = re.compile(pattern)

return RcParams((key, value)

for key, value in self.items()

if pattern_re.search(key))</div>

<div class="viewcode-block" id="RcParams.copy"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../api/matplotlib_configuration_api.html#matplotlib.RcParams.copy">[docs]</a> def copy(self):

return {k: dict.__getitem__(self, k) for k in self}</div></div>

<div class="viewcode-block" id="rc_params"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../api/matplotlib_configuration_api.html#matplotlib.rc_params">[docs]</a>def rc_params(fail_on_error=False):

"""Return a :class:`matplotlib.RcParams` instance from the

default matplotlib rc file.

"""

return rc_params_from_file(matplotlib_fname(), fail_on_error)</div>

URL_REGEX = re.compile(r'http://|https://|ftp://|file://|file:\\')

def is_url(filename):

"""Return True if string is an http, ftp, or file URL path."""

return URL_REGEX.match(filename) is not None

@contextlib.contextmanager

def _open_file_or_url(fname):

if is_url(fname):

import urllib.request

with urllib.request.urlopen(fname) as f:

yield (line.decode('utf-8') for line in f)

else:

fname = os.path.expanduser(fname)

encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding(do_setlocale=False)

if encoding is None:

encoding = "utf-8"

with open(fname, encoding=encoding) as f:

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