diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/axes/_base.py b/lib/matplotlib/axes/_base.py
index 108cda04865f..8313d26df190 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/axes/_base.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/axes/_base.py
@@ -4596,7 +4596,7 @@ def _make_twin_axes(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self._twinned_axes.join(self, twin)
         return twin
 
-    def twinx(self):
+    def twinx(self, axes_class=None, **kwargs):
         """
         Create a twin Axes sharing the xaxis.
 
@@ -4606,6 +4606,22 @@ def twinx(self):
         Axes.  To ensure that the tick marks of both y-axes align, see
         `~matplotlib.ticker.LinearLocator`.
 
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        axes_class : subclass type of `~.axes.Axes`, optional
+            The `.axes.Axes` subclass that is instantiated.  This parameter
+            is incompatible with *projection* and *polar*.  See
+            :ref:`axisartist_users-guide-index` for examples.
+
+            By default, `~.axes.Axes` is used.
+
+            .. versionadded:: 3.11
+
+        kwargs : dict
+            The keyword arguments passed to `.Figure.add_subplot` or `.Figure.add_axes`.
+
+            .. versionadded:: 3.11
+
         Returns
         -------
         Axes
@@ -4616,7 +4632,9 @@ def twinx(self):
         For those who are 'picking' artists while using twinx, pick
         events are only called for the artists in the top-most Axes.
         """
-        ax2 = self._make_twin_axes(sharex=self)
+        if axes_class:
+            kwargs["axes_class"] = axes_class
+        ax2 = self._make_twin_axes(sharex=self, **kwargs)
         ax2.yaxis.tick_right()
         ax2.yaxis.set_label_position('right')
         ax2.yaxis.set_offset_position('right')
@@ -4627,7 +4645,7 @@ def twinx(self):
         ax2.xaxis.units = self.xaxis.units
         return ax2
 
-    def twiny(self):
+    def twiny(self, axes_class=None, **kwargs):
         """
         Create a twin Axes sharing the yaxis.
 
@@ -4637,6 +4655,22 @@ def twiny(self):
         To ensure that the tick marks of both x-axes align, see
         `~matplotlib.ticker.LinearLocator`.
 
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        axes_class : subclass type of `~.axes.Axes`, optional
+            The `.axes.Axes` subclass that is instantiated.  This parameter
+            is incompatible with *projection* and *polar*.  See
+            :ref:`axisartist_users-guide-index` for examples.
+
+            By default, `~.axes.Axes` is used.
+
+            .. versionadded:: 3.11
+
+        kwargs : dict
+            The keyword arguments passed to `.Figure.add_subplot` or `.Figure.add_axes`.
+
+            .. versionadded:: 3.11
+
         Returns
         -------
         Axes
@@ -4647,7 +4681,9 @@ def twiny(self):
         For those who are 'picking' artists while using twiny, pick
         events are only called for the artists in the top-most Axes.
         """
-        ax2 = self._make_twin_axes(sharey=self)
+        if axes_class:
+            kwargs["axes_class"] = axes_class
+        ax2 = self._make_twin_axes(sharey=self, **kwargs)
         ax2.xaxis.tick_top()
         ax2.xaxis.set_label_position('top')
         ax2.set_autoscaley_on(self.get_autoscaley_on())
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/axes/_base.pyi b/lib/matplotlib/axes/_base.pyi
index b4926f113564..31208ce23d1e 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/axes/_base.pyi
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/axes/_base.pyi
@@ -385,8 +385,8 @@ class _AxesBase(martist.Artist):
         bbox_extra_artists: Sequence[Artist] | None = ...,
         for_layout_only: bool = ...
     ) -> Bbox | None: ...
-    def twinx(self) -> Axes: ...
-    def twiny(self) -> Axes: ...
+    def twinx(self, axes_class: Axes | None = ..., **kwargs) -> Axes: ...
+    def twiny(self, axes_class: Axes | None = ..., **kwargs) -> Axes: ...
     def get_shared_x_axes(self) -> cbook.GrouperView: ...
     def get_shared_y_axes(self) -> cbook.GrouperView: ...
     def label_outer(self, remove_inner_ticks: bool = ...) -> None: ...
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_axes.py b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_axes.py
index 38857e846c55..ecc37c83b55d 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_axes.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_axes.py
@@ -7532,6 +7532,35 @@ def test_twinx_knows_limits():
     assert_array_equal(xtwin.viewLim.intervalx, ax2.viewLim.intervalx)
 
 
+class SubclassAxes(Axes):
+    def __init__(self, *args, foo, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.foo = foo
+
+
+def test_twinning_with_axes_class():
+    """Check that twinx/y(axes_class=...) gives the appropriate class."""
+    _, ax = plt.subplots()
+    twinx = ax.twinx(axes_class=SubclassAxes, foo=1)
+    assert isinstance(twinx, SubclassAxes)
+    assert twinx.foo == 1
+    twiny = ax.twiny(axes_class=SubclassAxes, foo=2)
+    assert isinstance(twiny, SubclassAxes)
+    assert twiny.foo == 2
+
+
+def test_twinning_default_axes_class():
+    """
+    Check that the default class for twinx/y() is Axes,
+    even if the original is an Axes subclass.
+    """
+    _, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw=dict(axes_class=SubclassAxes, foo=1))
+    twinx = ax.twinx()
+    assert type(twinx) is Axes
+    twiny = ax.twiny()
+    assert type(twiny) is Axes
+
+
 def test_zero_linewidth():
     # Check that setting a zero linewidth doesn't error
     plt.plot([0, 1], [0, 1], ls='--', lw=0)