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<title>Python Overview — PythonCert 4.0 documentation</title>
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<div class="section" id="python-overview">
<span id="id1"></span><h1>Python Overview<a class="headerlink" href="#python-overview" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="what-is-python">
<h2>What is Python?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-python" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<ul class="build simple">
<li>Dynamic</li>
<li>Object oriented</li>
<li>Byte-compiled</li>
<li>Interpreted</li>
</ul>
<p class="center large">But what does that mean?</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="python-features">
<h2>Python Features<a class="headerlink" href="#python-features" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<ul class="build simple">
<li>Unlike C, C++, C#, Java … More like Ruby, Lisp, Perl, Javascript
…</li>
<li><strong>Dynamic</strong> – no type declarations<ul>
<li>Programs are shorter</li>
<li>Programs are more flexible</li>
<li>Less code means fewer bugs</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Interpreted</strong> – no separate compile, build steps - programming process is simpler</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="what-s-a-dynamic-language">
<h2>What’s a Dynamic language?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-s-a-dynamic-language" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p><strong>Dynamic typing</strong>.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Type checking and dispatch happen at run-time</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [1]: </span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">b</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="build simple">
<li>What is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">a</span></code>?</li>
<li>What is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">b</span></code>?</li>
<li>What does it mean to add them?</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">a</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">b</span></code> can change at any time before this process</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Strong typing</strong>.</p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [1]: </span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="gp">In [2]: </span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gh">Out[2]: </span><span class="go">int</span>
<span class="gp">In [3]: </span><span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'5'</span>
<span class="gp">In [4]: </span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gh">Out[4]: </span><span class="go">str</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="build simple">
<li><strong>everything</strong> has a type.</li>
<li>the <em>type</em> of a thing determines what it can do.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="duck-typing">
<h2>Duck Typing<a class="headerlink" href="#duck-typing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p class="center large">“If it looks like a duck, and quacks like a duck – it’s probably a duck”</p>
<p class="center large">If an object behaves as expected at run-time, it’s the right type.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="python-versions">
<h2>Python Versions<a class="headerlink" href="#python-versions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Python 2.x</p>
<ul class="build simple">
<li>“Classic” Python</li>
<li>Evolved from original</li>
</ul>
<p>Python 3.x (“py3k”)</p>
<ul class="build simple">
<li>Updated version</li>
<li>Removed the “warts”</li>
<li>Allowed to break code</li>
</ul>
<p>This class uses Python 3 – not Python 2</p>
<ul class="build simple">
<li>Adoption of Python 3 is growing fast<ul>
<li>Almost all key packages now supported (<a class="reference external" href="https://python3wos.appspot.com/">https://python3wos.appspot.com/</a>)</li>
<li>But much code in the wild is still 2.x</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>If you find yourself needing to work with Python 2 and 3, there are ways to write compatible code: <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PortingPythonToPy3k">https://wiki.python.org/moin/PortingPythonToPy3k</a></li>
<li>We will cover that more later in the program. Also: a short intro to the differences you really need to know about up front later this session.</li>
</ul>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="Py2vsPy3.html#py2-vs-py3"><span class="std std-ref">Python 2 verses Python 3</span></a></p>
</div>
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<h3><a href="../index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Python Overview</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-python">What is Python?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#python-features">Python Features</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-s-a-dynamic-language">What’s a Dynamic language?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#duck-typing">Duck Typing</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#python-versions">Python Versions</a></li>
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<li><a href="../index.html">Documentation overview</a><ul>
<li><a href="../class_schedule/session_1_01.html">Intro to Python Session 1</a><ul>
<li>Previous: <a href="lightning_talks.html" title="previous chapter">Schedule Lightning talks</a></li>
<li>Next: <a href="BasicPythonSyntax.html" title="next chapter">Basic Python Syntax</a></li>
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