"""Numbers.

@see: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html

@see: https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_numbers.asp

There are three numeric types in Python:

- int (e.g. 2, 4, 20)

- bool (e.g. False and True, acting like 0 and 1)

- float (e.g. 5.0, 1.6)

- complex (e.g. 5+6j, 4-3j)

"""

def test_integer_numbers():

"""Integer type

Int, or integer, is a whole number, positive or negative,

without decimals, of unlimited length.

"""

positive_integer = 1

negative_integer = -3255522

big_integer = 35656222554887711

assert isinstance(positive_integer, int)

assert isinstance(negative_integer, int)

assert isinstance(big_integer, int)

assert not isinstance(big_integer, float)

def test_booleans():

"""Boolean

Booleans represent the truth values False and True. The two objects representing the values

False and True are the only Boolean objects. The Boolean type is a subtype of the integer type,

and Boolean values behave like the values 0 and 1, respectively, in almost all contexts, the

exception being that when converted to a string, the strings "False" or "True" are returned,

respectively.

"""

true_boolean = True

false_boolean = False

assert true_boolean

assert not false_boolean

assert isinstance(true_boolean, bool)

assert isinstance(false_boolean, bool)

# Let's try to cast boolean to string.

assert str(true_boolean) == "True"

assert str(false_boolean) == "False"

assert 0 == False

assert 1 == True

def test_float_numbers():

"""Float type

Float, or "floating point number" is a number, positive or negative,

containing one or more decimals.

"""

float_number = 7.0

# Another way of declaring float is using float() function.

float_number_via_function = float(7)

float_negative = -35.59

float_negative_via_function = float(-35.59)

assert float_number == float_number_via_function

assert isinstance(float_number, float)

assert isinstance(float_number_via_function, float)

assert isinstance(float_negative_via_function, float)

assert isinstance(float_negative, float)

# Float can also be scientific numbers with an "e" to indicate

# the power of 10.

float_with_small_e = 35e3

float_with_big_e = 12E4

assert float_with_small_e == 35000

assert float_with_big_e == 120000

assert isinstance(12E4, float)

assert isinstance(-87.7e100, float)

def test_complex_numbers():

"""Complex Type"""

complex_number_1 = 5 + 6j

complex_number_2 = 3 - 2j

assert isinstance(complex_number_1, complex)

assert isinstance(complex_number_2, complex)

assert complex_number_1 * complex_number_2 == 27 + 8j

complex_number_3 = 1 + 1j

complex_number_4 = 1 - 1j

assert complex_number_3 * complex_number_4 == 2

def test_number_operators():

"""Basic operations"""

# Addition.

assert 2 + 4 == 6

# Multiplication.

assert 2 * 4 == 8

# Division always returns a floating point number.

assert 12 / 3 == 4.0

assert 12 / 5 == 2.4

assert 17 / 3 == 5.666666666666667

# Modulo operator returns the remainder of the division.

assert 12 % 3 == 0

assert 13 % 3 == 1

# Floor division discards the fractional part.

assert 17 // 3 == 5

assert 17 % 3 == 2

# Raising the number to specific power.

assert 5 ** 2 == 25 # 5 squared

assert 2 ** 7 == 128 # 2 to the power of 7

assert 4 ** 5 == 1024

# There is full support for floating point; operators with

# mixed type operands convert the integer operand to floating point.

assert 4 * 3.75 - 1 == 14.0