// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.

using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Web.Mvc.Properties;

namespace System.Web.Mvc
{
    [Serializable]
    public class ValueProviderResult
    {
        private static readonly CultureInfo _staticCulture = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
        private CultureInfo _instanceCulture;

        // default constructor so that subclassed types can set the properties themselves
        protected ValueProviderResult()
        {
        }

        public ValueProviderResult(object rawValue, string attemptedValue, CultureInfo culture)
        {
            RawValue = rawValue;
            AttemptedValue = attemptedValue;
            Culture = culture;
        }

        public string AttemptedValue { get; protected set; }

        public CultureInfo Culture
        {
            get
            {
                if (_instanceCulture == null)
                {
                    _instanceCulture = _staticCulture;
                }
                return _instanceCulture;
            }
            protected set { _instanceCulture = value; }
        }

        public object RawValue { get; protected set; }

        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Design", "CA1031:DoNotCatchGeneralExceptionTypes", Justification = "Conversion failure is not fatal")]
        private static object ConvertSimpleType(CultureInfo culture, object value, Type destinationType)
        {
            if (value == null || destinationType.IsInstanceOfType(value))
            {
                return value;
            }

            // if this is a user-input value but the user didn't type anything, return no value
            string valueAsString = value as string;
            if (valueAsString != null && String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(valueAsString))
            {
                return null;
            }

            // In case of a Nullable object, we extract the underlying type and try to convert it.
            Type underlyingType = Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(destinationType);

            if (underlyingType != null)
            {
                destinationType = underlyingType;
            }

            // String doesn't provide convertibles to interesting types, and thus it will typically throw rather than succeed.
            if (valueAsString == null)
            {
                // If the source type implements IConvertible, try that first
                IConvertible convertible = value as IConvertible;
                if (convertible != null)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        return convertible.ToType(destinationType, culture);
                    }
                    catch
                    {
                    }
                }
            }

            // Last resort, look for a type converter
            TypeConverter converter = TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(destinationType);
            bool canConvertFrom = converter.CanConvertFrom(value.GetType());
            if (!canConvertFrom)
            {
                converter = TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(value.GetType());
            }
            if (!(canConvertFrom || converter.CanConvertTo(destinationType)))
            {
                // EnumConverter cannot convert integer, so we verify manually
                if (destinationType.IsEnum && value is int)
                {
                    return Enum.ToObject(destinationType, (int)value);
                }

                string message = String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, MvcResources.ValueProviderResult_NoConverterExists,
                                               value.GetType().FullName, destinationType.FullName);
                throw new InvalidOperationException(message);
            }

            try
            {
                object convertedValue = (canConvertFrom)
                                            ? converter.ConvertFrom(null /* context */, culture, value)
                                            : converter.ConvertTo(null /* context */, culture, value, destinationType);
                return convertedValue;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                string message = String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, MvcResources.ValueProviderResult_ConversionThrew,
                                               value.GetType().FullName, destinationType.FullName);
                throw new InvalidOperationException(message, ex);
            }
        }

        public object ConvertTo(Type type)
        {
            return ConvertTo(type, null /* culture */);
        }

        public virtual object ConvertTo(Type type, CultureInfo culture)
        {
            if (type == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("type");
            }

            CultureInfo cultureToUse = culture ?? Culture;
            return UnwrapPossibleArrayType(cultureToUse, RawValue, type);
        }

        private static object UnwrapPossibleArrayType(CultureInfo culture, object value, Type destinationType)
        {
            if (value == null || destinationType.IsInstanceOfType(value))
            {
                return value;
            }

            // array conversion results in four cases, as below
            Array valueAsArray = value as Array;
            if (destinationType.IsArray)
            {
                Type destinationElementType = destinationType.GetElementType();
                if (valueAsArray != null)
                {
                    // case 1: both destination + source type are arrays, so convert each element
                    IList converted = Array.CreateInstance(destinationElementType, valueAsArray.Length);
                    for (int i = 0; i < valueAsArray.Length; i++)
                    {
                        converted[i] = ConvertSimpleType(culture, valueAsArray.GetValue(i), destinationElementType);
                    }
                    return converted;
                }
                else
                {
                    // case 2: destination type is array but source is single element, so wrap element in array + convert
                    object element = ConvertSimpleType(culture, value, destinationElementType);
                    IList converted = Array.CreateInstance(destinationElementType, 1);
                    converted[0] = element;
                    return converted;
                }
            }
            else if (valueAsArray != null)
            {
                // case 3: destination type is single element but source is array, so extract first element + convert
                if (valueAsArray.Length > 0)
                {
                    value = valueAsArray.GetValue(0);
                    return ConvertSimpleType(culture, value, destinationType);
                }
                else
                {
                    // case 3(a): source is empty array, so can't perform conversion
                    return null;
                }
            }
            // case 4: both destination + source type are single elements, so convert
            return ConvertSimpleType(culture, value, destinationType);
        }
    }
}
