Process: An instance of a running program.

Thread:It is a sub process or task of a process.

browser -> multiple tabs

Multithreading : It is a process of executing multiple threads

simultaneously within a single program.

Thread Creation:

i)Extending the Thread class

ii)Implementing Runnable interface

Thread Lifecycle:

i)New

ii)Runnable

iii)Running

iv)Waiting/Blocked

v)Terminated

Common Thread Methods:

start():Starts the execution of a thread.

run():Contains the code to be executed by the thread.

sleep(long millis):Pauses the execution of the current thread for specified

numbers of milliseconds.

join():Waits for the Thread to die.

isAlive():It returns true if the thread is still running.

getPriority()

setPriority()

Thread priority: 1 to 10.

default:5

Synchronization:In Java, the synchronized keyword can be used to

synchronize access to critical section of code.

i)Synchronized method:

A synchronized method ensures that only one thread can execute

it at a time for a particular object.

public synchronized void synchronizedMethod()

{

.....body....

}

ii)Synchronized block :A synchronized block of code within a method

that is synchronized on a specific object.

public void method()

{

synchronized(this)

{

//synchronized code

}

}

File I/O:

File utility class - java.nio.file - introduced in Java 7

Works with path : (instead of file)

static methods: Reading files, Writing files, Copying, Moving, Deleting files