diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index d04dac0b..7b225ae2 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -31,4 +31,21 @@ svn-commit.tmp bin build include -lib \ No newline at end of file +lib +share +cast-offs +develop-eggs +development +*.db +*.sublime-project +*.sublime-workspace +.mr.developer.cfg +outline_improvements.txt +src +html +slides +new_mash +.buildinfo +pip-selfcheck.json +.ipynb_checkpoints +testenvs diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index 11bcf2d7..84b07bcc 100644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -2,11 +2,17 @@ # # You can set these variables from the command line. +BINDIR = ./bin SPHINXOPTS = -SPHINXBUILD = sphinx-build +SPHINXBUILD = $(BINDIR)/sphinx-build PAPER = BUILDDIR = build +# User-friendly check for sphinx-build +ifeq ($(shell which $(SPHINXBUILD) >/dev/null 2>&1; echo $$?), 1) +$(error The '$(SPHINXBUILD)' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point to the full path of the '$(SPHINXBUILD)' executable. Alternatively you can add the directory with the executable to your PATH. If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from http://sphinx-doc.org/) +endif + # Internal variables. PAPEROPT_a4 = -D latex_paper_size=a4 PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_paper_size=letter @@ -29,17 +35,20 @@ help: @echo " epub to make an epub" @echo " latex to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter" @echo " latexpdf to make LaTeX files and run them through pdflatex" + @echo " latexpdfja to make LaTeX files and run them through platex/dvipdfmx" @echo " text to make text files" @echo " man to make manual pages" @echo " texinfo to make Texinfo files" @echo " info to make Texinfo files and run them through makeinfo" @echo " gettext to make PO message catalogs" @echo " changes to make an overview of all changed/added/deprecated items" + @echo " xml to make Docutils-native XML files" + @echo " pseudoxml to make pseudoxml-XML files for display purposes" @echo " linkcheck to check all external links for integrity" @echo " doctest to run all doctests embedded in the documentation (if enabled)" clean: - -rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/* + rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/* html: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html @@ -77,17 +86,17 @@ qthelp: @echo @echo "Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the" \ ".qhcp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp, like this:" - @echo "# qcollectiongenerator $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/InternetProgrammingwithPython.qhcp" + @echo "# qcollectiongenerator $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/PythonWebProgramming.qhcp" @echo "To view the help file:" - @echo "# assistant -collectionFile $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/InternetProgrammingwithPython.qhc" + @echo "# assistant -collectionFile $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/PythonWebProgramming.qhc" devhelp: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b devhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp @echo @echo "Build finished." @echo "To view the help file:" - @echo "# mkdir -p $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/InternetProgrammingwithPython" - @echo "# ln -s $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/InternetProgrammingwithPython" + @echo "# mkdir -p $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/PythonWebProgramming" + @echo "# ln -s $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/PythonWebProgramming" @echo "# devhelp" epub: @@ -108,6 +117,12 @@ latexpdf: $(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf @echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex." +latexpdfja: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex + @echo "Running LaTeX files through platex and dvipdfmx..." + $(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf-ja + @echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex." + text: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b text $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/text @echo @@ -151,3 +166,19 @@ doctest: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b doctest $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/doctest @echo "Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the " \ "results in $(BUILDDIR)/doctest/output.txt." + +xml: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b xml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/xml + @echo + @echo "Build finished. The XML files are in $(BUILDDIR)/xml." + +pseudoxml: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b pseudoxml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml + @echo + @echo "Build finished. The pseudo-XML files are in $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml." + + +slides: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b slides $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/slides + @echo "Build finished. The HTML slides are in $(BUILDDIR)/slides." + diff --git a/README.rst b/README.rst index 1c7bf8aa..e7769775 100644 --- a/README.rst +++ b/README.rst @@ -3,29 +3,85 @@ Introduction ============ +This package provides the source for all lecture materials for a 10-session +course in Web Development using Python. + This package provides the source for all lecture materials used for the `Internet Programming in Python`_ section of the `Certificate in Python -Programming`_ offered by the University of Washington Professional & Continuing -Education program. This version of the documentation is used for the Winter -2013 instance of the course, taught by `Cris Ewing`_. +Programming`_ offered by the `University of Washington Professional & +Continuing Education`_ program. This version of the documentation is used for +the Winter 2016 instance of the course, Taught by `Cris Ewing`_ -.. _Internet Programming in Python: http://www.pce.uw.edu/courses/internet-programming-python/downtown-seattle-winter-2013/ +.. _Internet Programming in Python: http://www.pce.uw.edu/courses/internet-programming-python/downtown-seattle-winter-2016/ .. _Certificate in Python Programming: http://www.pce.uw.edu/certificates/python-programming.html +.. _University of Washington Professional & Continuing Education: http://www.pce.uw.edu/ .. _Cris Ewing: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=19741495 +This course is taught using Python 3. + +This documentation builds both an HTML version of the course lectures (for the +students) and a set of slides (for the instructor). It uses the Python-based +documentation tool `Sphinx`_ and the `hieroglyph`_ sphinx extension. Shell +examples use `iPython` and tests are written for `pytest`. The build +environment is managed using `virtualenv` and `pip` + +.. _iPython: http://ipython.org/ +.. _Sphinx: http://sphinx-doc.org/ +.. _hieroglyph: http://docs.hieroglyph.io/en/latest/ +.. _pytest: http://pytest.org/latest/ +.. _virtualenv: https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/latest/ +.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable + Building The Documentation -------------------------- -After cloning this package from the repository, do the following:: +To build the documentation locally, begin by cloning the project to your +machine: + +.. code-block:: bash + + $ git clone https://github.com/cewing/training.python_web.git + +Change directories into the repository, then create a virtualenv using Python +3: + +.. code-block:: bash + + $ cd training.python_web + $ virtualenv --python /path/to/bin/python3.5 . + Running virtualenv with interpreter /path/to/bin/python3.5 + New python executable in training.python_web/bin/python3.5 + Also creating executable in training.python_web/bin/python + Installing setuptools, pip...done. + +Install the requirements for the documentation using pip: + +.. code-block:: bash + + $ bin/pip install -r requirements.pip + ... + + Successfully installed Babel-2.0 Jinja2-2.8 MarkupSafe-0.23 Pygments-2.0.2 Sphinx-1.3.1 alabaster-0.7.6 appnope-0.1.0 decorator-4.0.2 docutils-0.12 gnureadline-6.3.3 hieroglyph-0.7.1 ipython-4.0.0 ipython-genutils-0.1.0 path.py-8.1 pexpect-3.3 pickleshare-0.5 py-1.4.30 pytest-2.7.2 pytz-2015.4 simplegeneric-0.8.1 six-1.9.0 snowballstemmer-1.2.0 sphinx-rtd-theme-0.1.8 traitlets-4.0.0 + +Once that has successfully completed, you should be able to build both the html +documentation and the slides using the included Makefile. + +.. code-block:: bash + + $ make html + ... + + Build finished. The HTML pages are in build/html. + + (webdocs)$ make slides + ... + + Build finished. The HTML slides are in build/slides. + +.. note:: If you prefer to build your virtualenvs in other ways, you will need + to adjust the `BINDIR` variable in `Makefile` to fit your reality. - $ cd training.python_web # the location of your local copy - $ python bootstrap.py # must be Python 2.6 or 2.7 - $ bin/buildout - $ bin/sphinx # to build the main documentation and course outline - $ bin/build_s5 # to build the class session presentations -At the end of a successful build, you will find a ``build/html`` directory, -containing the completed documentation and presentations. Reading The Documentation ------------------------- diff --git a/assignments/teachers/week01/answers/echo_client.py b/assignments/teachers/week01/answers/echo_client.py deleted file mode 100644 index 9b48397e..00000000 --- a/assignments/teachers/week01/answers/echo_client.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -import socket -import sys - -# Create a TCP/IP socket -sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) - -# Connect the socket to the port where the server is listening -server_address = ('localhost', 10000) -print >>sys.stderr, 'connecting to %s port %s' % server_address -sock.connect(server_address) - -try: - - # Send data - message = 'This is the message. It will be repeated.' - print >>sys.stderr, 'sending "%s"' % message - sock.sendall(message) - - # Look for the response - amount_received = 0 - amount_expected = len(message) - - while amount_received < amount_expected: - data = sock.recv(16) - amount_received += len(data) - print >>sys.stderr, 'received "%s"' % data - -finally: - print >>sys.stderr, 'closing socket' - sock.close() diff --git a/assignments/teachers/week01/answers/echo_server.py b/assignments/teachers/week01/answers/echo_server.py deleted file mode 100644 index 2ef8852d..00000000 --- a/assignments/teachers/week01/answers/echo_server.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -import socket -import sys - -# Create a TCP/IP socket -sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) - -# Bind the socket to the port -server_address = ('localhost', 10000) -print >>sys.stderr, 'starting up on %s port %s' % server_address -sock.bind(server_address) - -# Listen for incoming connections -sock.listen(1) - -try: - - while True: - # Wait for a connection - print >>sys.stderr, 'waiting for a connection' - connection, client_address = sock.accept() - - try: - print >>sys.stderr, 'connection from', client_address - - # Receive the data in small chunks and retransmit it - while True: - data = connection.recv(16) - print >>sys.stderr, 'received "%s"' % data - if data: - print >>sys.stderr, 'sending data back to the client' - connection.sendall(data) - else: - print >>sys.stderr, 'no more data from', client_address - break - - finally: - # Clean up the connection - connection.close() - -except KeyboardInterrupt: - sock.close() - sys.exit(0) diff --git a/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve1.py b/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve1.py deleted file mode 100644 index 05f45505..00000000 --- a/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve1.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python - -import socket - -host = '' # listen on all connections (WiFi, etc) -port = 50000 -backlog = 5 # how many connections can we stack up -size = 1024 # number of bytes to receive at once - -print "point your browser to http://localhost:%i"%port - -## create the socket -s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) -# set an option to tell the OS to re-use the socket -s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) - -# the bind makes it a server -s.bind( (host,port) ) -s.listen(backlog) - -html = open("tiny_html.html").read() - -while True: # keep looking for new connections forever - client, address = s.accept() # look for a connection - request = client.recv(size) - if request: # if the connection was closed there would be no data - print "received:", request - client.send(html) - client.close() - diff --git a/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve2.py b/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve2.py deleted file mode 100644 index 37b591e6..00000000 --- a/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve2.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,51 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python - -import socket - -import httpdate - - -host = '' # listen on all connections (WiFi, etc) -port = 50000 -backlog = 5 # how many connections can we stack up -size = 1024 # number of bytes to receive at once - -print "point your browser to http://localhost:%i"%port - -## create the socket -s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) -# set an option to tell the OS to re-use the socket -s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) - -# the bind makes it a server -s.bind( (host,port) ) -s.listen(backlog) - -html = open("tiny_html.html").read() - -def OK_response(entity): - """ - returns an HTTP response: header and entity in a string - """ - resp = [] - resp.append('HTTP/1.1 200 OK') - resp.append(httpdate.httpdate_now()) - resp.append('Content-Type: text/html') - resp.append('Content-Length: %i'%len(entity)) - resp.append('') - resp.append(entity) - - return "\r\n".join(resp) - -while True: # keep looking for new connections forever - client, address = s.accept() # look for a connection - request = client.recv(size) - if request: # if the connection was closed there would be no data - print "received:" - print request - response = OK_response(html) - print "sending:" - print response[:120] - client.send(response) - client.close() - diff --git a/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve3.py b/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve3.py deleted file mode 100644 index 2ee28fd8..00000000 --- a/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve3.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,86 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python - -import socket - -import httpdate - - -host = '' # listen on all connections (WiFi, etc) -port = 50000 -backlog = 5 # how many connections can we stack up -size = 1024 # number of bytes to receive at once - -print "point your browser to http://localhost:%i"%port - -## create the socket -s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) -# set an option to tell the OS to re-use the socket -s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) - -# the bind makes it a server -s.bind( (host,port) ) -s.listen(backlog) - -html = open("tiny_html.html").read() - -def OK_response(entity): - """ - returns an HTTP response: header and entity in a string - """ - resp = [] - resp.append('HTTP/1.1 200 OK') - resp.append(httpdate.httpdate_now()) - resp.append('Content-Type: text/html') - resp.append('Content-Length: %i'%len(entity)) - resp.append('') - resp.append(entity) - - return "\r\n".join(resp) - -def parse_request(request): - """ - parse an HTTP request - - returns the URI asked for - - note: minimal parsing -- only supprt GET - - example: - GET / HTTP/1.1 - Host: localhost:50000 - User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.7; rv:12.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/12.0 - Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 - Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5 - Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate - Connection: keep-alive - Cache-Control: max-age=0 - """ - # first line should be the method line: - lines = request.split("\r\n") - print lines - - method, URI, protocol = lines[0].split() - print method - print URI - print protocol - # a bit of checking: - if method.strip() != "GET": - raise ValueError("I can only process a GET request") - if protocol.split('/')[0] != "HTTP": - raise ValueError("I can only process an HTTP request") - - return URI - -while True: # keep looking for new connections forever - client, address = s.accept() # look for a connection - request = client.recv(size) - if request: # if the connection was closed there would be no data - print "received:", request - URI = parse_request(request) - print "URI requested is:", URI - response = OK_response(html) - print "sending:" - print response[:120] - client.send(response) - client.close() - diff --git a/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve4.py b/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve4.py deleted file mode 100644 index 792f76ec..00000000 --- a/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,129 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python - -import socket -import os - -import httpdate - -host = '' # listen on all connections (WiFi, etc) -port = 50000 -backlog = 5 # how many connections can we stack up -size = 1024 # number of bytes to receive at once - -print "point your browser to http://localhost:%i"%port - -## create the socket -s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) -# set an option to tell the OS to re-use the socket -s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) - -# the bind makes it a server -s.bind( (host,port) ) -s.listen(backlog) - -def OK_response(entity): - """ - returns an HTTP response: header and entity in a string - """ - resp = [] - resp.append('HTTP/1.1 200 OK') - resp.append(httpdate.httpdate_now()) - resp.append( 'Content-Type: text/plain' ) - resp.append('Content-Length: %i'%len(entity)) - resp.append('') - resp.append(entity) - - return "\r\n".join(resp) - -def Error_response(URI): - """ - returns an HTTP 404 Not Found Error response: - - URI is the name of the entity not found - """ - resp = [] - resp.append('HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found') - resp.append(httpdate.httpdate_now()) - resp.append('Content-Type: text/plain') - - msg = "404 Error:\n %s \n not found"%( URI ) - - resp.append('Content-Length: %i'%( len(msg) ) ) - resp.append('') - resp.append(msg) - - return "\r\n".join(resp) - - -def parse_request(request): - """ - parse an HTTP request - - returns the URI asked for - - note: minimal parsing -- only supprt GET - - example: - GET / HTTP/1.1 - Host: localhost:50000 - User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.7; rv:12.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/12.0 - Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 - Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5 - Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate - Connection: keep-alive - Cache-Control: max-age=0 - """ - # first line should be the method line: - lines = request.split("\r\n") - print lines - - method, URI, protocol = lines[0].split() - print method - print URI - print protocol - # a bit of checking: - if method.strip() != "GET": - raise ValueError("I can only process a GET request") - if protocol.split('/')[0] != "HTTP": - raise ValueError("I can only process an HTTP request") - - return URI - -def format_dir_list(dir_list): - msg = ["Directory Listing:"] - for d in dir_list: - msg.append(d) - return "\n".join(msg) - -def get_file(URI): - root_dir = 'web' # must be run from code dir... - URI = URI.lstrip('/') # os.path.join does not like a leading slash - filename = os.path.join( root_dir, URI) - print "path to file:", filename - if os.path.isfile(filename): - print "it's a file" - raise NotImplementedError("I can't handle a file yet") - elif os.path.isdir(filename): - print "it's a dir" - return format_dir_list(os.listdir(filename)), 'txt' - else: - raise ValueError("there is nothing by that name") - -while True: # keep looking for new connections forever - client, address = s.accept() # look for a connection - request = client.recv(size) - if request: # if the connection was closed there would be no data - print "received:", request - URI = parse_request(request) - print "URI requested is:", URI - try: - file_data, ext = get_file(URI) - response = OK_response(file_data) - except ValueError as err: - print err - response = Error_response(URI) - print "sending:" - print response[:200] - client.send(response) - client.close() - diff --git a/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve5.py b/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve5.py deleted file mode 100644 index 6ce40fd0..00000000 --- a/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve5.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,143 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python - -import socket -import os - -import httpdate - -host = '' # listen on all connections (WiFi, etc) -port = 50000 -backlog = 5 # how many connections can we stack up -size = 1024 # number of bytes to receive at once - -print "point your browser to http://localhost:%i"%port - -## create the socket -s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) -# set an option to tell the OS to re-use the socket -s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) - -# the bind makes it a server -s.bind( (host,port) ) -s.listen(backlog) - -html = open("tiny_html.html").read() - -mime_types={} -mime_types['html'] = "text/html" -mime_types['htm'] = "text/html" -mime_types['txt'] = "text/plain" -mime_types['py'] = "text/plain" -mime_types['png'] = "image/png" -mime_types['jpeg'] = "image/jpg" -mime_types['jpg'] = "image/jpg" - -def OK_response(entity, extension='html'): - """ - returns an HTTP response: header and entity in a string - """ - resp = [] - resp.append('HTTP/1.1 200 OK') - resp.append(httpdate.httpdate_now()) - type = mime_types.get(extension, 'text/plain') - resp.append( 'Content-Type: %s'%type ) - resp.append('Content-Length: %i'%len(entity)) - resp.append('') - resp.append(entity) - - return "\r\n".join(resp) - -def Error_response(URI): - """ - returns an HTTP 404 Not Found Error response: - - URI is the name of the entity not found - """ - resp = [] - resp.append('HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found') - resp.append(httpdate.httpdate_now()) - resp.append('Content-Type: text/plain') - - msg = "404 Error:\n %s \n not found"%( URI ) - - resp.append('Content-Length: %i'%( len(msg) ) ) - resp.append('') - resp.append(msg) - - return "\r\n".join(resp) - - -def parse_request(request): - """ - parse an HTTP request - - returns the URI asked for - - note: minimal parsing -- only supprt GET - - example: - GET / HTTP/1.1 - Host: localhost:50000 - User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.7; rv:12.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/12.0 - Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 - Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5 - Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate - Connection: keep-alive - Cache-Control: max-age=0 - """ - # first line should be the method line: - lines = request.split("\r\n") - print lines - - method, URI, protocol = lines[0].split() - print method - print URI - print protocol - # a bit of checking: - if method.strip() != "GET": - raise ValueError("I can only process a GET request") - if protocol.split('/')[0] != "HTTP": - raise ValueError("I can only process an HTTP request") - - return URI - -def format_dir_list(dir_list): - """ - format a directory listing as simple text - """ - msg = ["Directory Listing:"] - for d in dir_list: - msg.append(d) - return "\n".join(msg) - -def get_file(URI): - root_dir = 'web' # must be run from code dir... - URI = URI.lstrip('/') #weird-- os.path.join does not like a leading slash - filename = os.path.join( root_dir, URI) - print "path to file:", filename - if os.path.isfile(filename): - print "it's a file" - contents = open(filename, 'rb').read() - ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1].strip('.') - return contents, ext - elif os.path.isdir(filename): - print "it's a dir" - return format_dir_list(os.listdir(filename)), 'txt' - else: - raise ValueError("there is nothing by that name") - - -while True: # keep looking for new connections forever - client, address = s.accept() # look for a connection - request = client.recv(size) - if request: # if the connection was closed there would be no data - print "received:", request - URI = parse_request(request) - print "URI requested is:", URI - file_data, ext = get_file(URI) - response = OK_response(file_data, ext) - print "sending:" - print response[:200] - client.send(response) - client.close() - diff --git a/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve6.py b/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve6.py deleted file mode 100644 index c11bb695..00000000 --- a/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve6.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python - -import socket -import os - -import httpdate - -host = '' # listen on all connections (WiFi, etc) -port = 50000 -backlog = 5 # how many connections can we stack up -size = 1024 # number of bytes to receive at once - -print "point your browser to http://localhost:%i"%port - -## create the socket -s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) -# set an option to tell the OS to re-use the socket -s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) - -# the bind makes it a server -s.bind( (host,port) ) -s.listen(backlog) - -html = open("tiny_html.html").read() - -mime_types={} -mime_types['html'] = "text/html" -mime_types['htm'] = "text/html" -mime_types['txt'] = "text/plain" -mime_types['png'] = "image/png" -mime_types['jpeg'] = "image/jpg" -mime_types['jpg'] = "image/jpg" - -def OK_response(entity, extension='html'): - """ - returns an HTTP response: header and entity in a string - """ - resp = [] - resp.append('HTTP/1.1 200 OK') - resp.append(httpdate.httpdate_now()) - type = mime_types.get(extension, 'text/plain') - resp.append( 'Content-Type: %s'%type ) - resp.append('Content-Length: %i'%len(entity)) - resp.append('') - resp.append(entity) - - return "\r\n".join(resp) - -def Error_response(URI): - """ - returns an HTTP 404 Not Found Error response: - - URI is the name of the entity not found - """ - resp = [] - resp.append('HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found') - resp.append(httpdate.httpdate_now()) - resp.append('Content-Type: text/plain') - - msg = "404 Error:\n %s \n not found"%( URI ) - - resp.append('Content-Length: %i'%( len(msg) ) ) - resp.append('') - resp.append(msg) - - return "\r\n".join(resp) - - -def parse_request(request): - """ - parse an HTTP request - - returns the URI asked for - - note: minimal parsing -- only supprt GET - - example: - GET / HTTP/1.1 - Host: localhost:50000 - User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.7; rv:12.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/12.0 - Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 - Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5 - Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate - Connection: keep-alive - Cache-Control: max-age=0 - """ - # first line should be the method line: - lines = request.split("\r\n") - print lines - - method, URI, protocol = lines[0].split() - print method - print URI - print protocol - # a bit of checking: - if method.strip() != "GET": - raise ValueError("I can only process a GET request") - if protocol.split('/')[0] != "HTTP": - raise ValueError("I can only process an HTTP request") - - return URI - -def format_dir_list(dir_list): - """ - format the dir list as HTML - """ - html = [" "] - html.append("

Directory Listing

") - - for d in dir_list: - html.append( "

%s

"%d ) - html.append( " " ) - - return "\n".join(html) - -def get_time_page(): - """ - returns and html page with the current time in it - """ - time = httpdate.httpdate_now() - html = "

%s

"%time - return html - -def get_file(URI): - - root_dir = 'web' # must be run from code dir... - URI = URI.strip('/') #weird-- os.path.join does not like a leading slash - # check if this is the time server option - if URI.lower() == "get_time": - return get_time_page(), 'html' - else: - filename = os.path.join( root_dir, URI) - print "path to file:", filename - if os.path.isfile(filename): - print "it's a file" - contents = open(filename, 'rb').read() - ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1].strip('.') - return contents, ext - elif os.path.isdir(filename): - print "it's a dir" - return format_dir_list(os.listdir(filename)), 'htm' - else: - raise ValueError("there is nothing by that name") - - -while True: # keep looking for new connections forever - client, address = s.accept() # look for a connection - request = client.recv(size) - if request: # if the connection was closed there would be no data - print "received:", request - URI = parse_request(request) - print "URI requested is:", URI - try: - file_data, ext = get_file(URI) - response = OK_response(file_data, ext) - except ValueError: - response = Error_response(URI) - print "sending:" - print response[:200] - client.send(response) - client.close() - diff --git a/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve7.py b/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve7.py deleted file mode 100644 index ae889efc..00000000 --- a/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve7.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,170 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python - -import socket -import os - -import httpdate - -host = '' # listen on all connections (WiFi, etc) -port = 50000 -backlog = 5 # how many connections can we stack up -size = 1024 # number of bytes to receive at once - -root_dir = 'web' # must be run from code dir... - -print "point your browser to http://localhost:%i"%port - -## create the socket -s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) -# set an option to tell the OS to re-use the socket -s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) - -# the bind makes it a server -s.bind( (host,port) ) -s.listen(backlog) - -html = open("tiny_html.html").read() - -mime_types={} -mime_types['html'] = "text/html" -mime_types['htm'] = "text/html" -mime_types['txt'] = "text/plain" -mime_types['png'] = "image/png" -mime_types['jpeg'] = "image/jpg" -mime_types['jpg'] = "image/jpg" - -def OK_response(entity, extension='html'): - """ - returns an HTTP response: header and entity in a string - """ - resp = [] - resp.append('HTTP/1.1 200 OK') - resp.append(httpdate.httpdate_now()) - type = mime_types.get(extension, 'text/plain') - resp.append( 'Content-Type: %s'%type ) - resp.append('Content-Length: %i'%len(entity)) - resp.append('') - resp.append(entity) - - return "\r\n".join(resp) - -def Error_response(URI): - """ - returns an HTTP 404 Not Found Error response: - - URI is the name of the entity not found - """ - resp = [] - resp.append('HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found') - resp.append(httpdate.httpdate_now()) - resp.append('Content-Type: text/plain') - - msg = "404 Error:\n %s \n not found"%( URI ) - - resp.append('Content-Length: %i'%( len(msg) ) ) - resp.append('') - resp.append(msg) - - return "\r\n".join(resp) - - -def parse_request(request): - """ - parse an HTTP request - - returns the URI asked for - - note: minimal parsing -- only supprt GET - - example: - GET / HTTP/1.1 - Host: localhost:50000 - User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.7; rv:12.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/12.0 - Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 - Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5 - Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate - Connection: keep-alive - Cache-Control: max-age=0 - """ - # first line should be the method line: - lines = request.split("\r\n") - - method, URI, protocol = lines[0].split() - - # a bit of checking: - if method.strip() != "GET": - raise ValueError("I can only process a GET request") - if protocol.split('/')[0] != "HTTP": - raise ValueError("I can only process an HTTP request") - - return URI - -def format_dir_list(URI): - """ - format the contests of dir as HTML with links - """ - dir = os.path.join(root_dir, URI) - names = os.listdir(dir) - - dirs = [d for d in names if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(dir,d))] - files = [d for d in names if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(dir,d))] - - html =[] - html.append(" ") - html.append("

%s

"%URI) - print "URI:", URI - if URI: # don't need the parent dir at the root - html.append('Parent' ) - html.append("

Directories:

") - html.append(" ") - html.append("

Files:

") - html.append(" ") - html.append(" ") - return "\n".join(html) - -def get_time_page(): - """ - returns and html page with the current time in it - """ - time = httpdate.httpdate_now() - html = "

%s

"%time - return html - -def get_file(URI): - - URI = URI.strip('/') #weird-- os.path.join does not like a leading slash - # check if this is the time server option - if URI.lower() == "get_time": - return get_time_page(), 'html' - else: - filename = os.path.join( root_dir, URI) - if os.path.isfile(filename): - contents = open(filename, 'rb').read() - ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1].strip('.') - return contents, ext - elif os.path.isdir(filename): - return format_dir_list(URI), 'htm' - else: - raise ValueError("there is nothing by that name") - - -while True: # keep looking for new connections forever - client, address = s.accept() # look for a connection - request = client.recv(size) - if request: # if the connection was closed there would be no data - print "received:", request - URI = parse_request(request) - try: - file_data, ext = get_file(URI) - response = OK_response(file_data, ext) - except ValueError: - response = Error_response(URI) - client.send(response) - client.close() - diff --git a/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve8.py b/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve8.py deleted file mode 100644 index 53eb5ecf..00000000 --- a/assignments/teachers/week02/answers/http_serve8.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,199 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python - -import socket -import os - -import httpdate - -import subprocess - -host = '' # listen on all connections (WiFi, etc) -port = 50000 -backlog = 5 # how many connections can we stack up -size = 1024 # number of bytes to receive at once - -root_dir = 'web' # must be run from code dir... - -print "point your browser to http://localhost:%i/make_time.py"%port - -## create the socket -s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) -# set an option to tell the OS to re-use the socket -s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) - -# the bind makes it a server -s.bind( (host,port) ) -s.listen(backlog) - -html = open("tiny_html.html").read() - -mime_types={} -mime_types['html'] = "text/html" -mime_types['htm'] = "text/html" -mime_types['txt'] = "text/plain" -mime_types['png'] = "image/png" -mime_types['jpeg'] = "image/jpg" -mime_types['jpg'] = "image/jpg" - -def OK_response(entity, extension='html'): - """ - returns an HTTP response: header and entity in a string - """ - resp = [] - resp.append('HTTP/1.1 200 OK') - resp.append(httpdate.httpdate_now()) - type = mime_types.get(extension, 'text/plain') - resp.append( 'Content-Type: %s'%type ) - resp.append('Content-Length: %i'%len(entity)) - resp.append('') - resp.append(entity) - - return "\r\n".join(resp) - -def Error_response(URI, error_code=404): - """ - returns an HTTP 404 Not Found Error response: - - URI is the name of the entity not found - """ - errors = {500: "Server Error", - 404: "Not Found", - 301: "Moved Permanently", - 302: "Moved Temporarily", - 303: "See Other" - } - - resp = [] - resp.append('HTTP/1.1 %i %s'%(error_code, errors[error_code])) - resp.append(httpdate.httpdate_now()) - resp.append('Content-Type: text/plain') - - msg = "%i Error:\n %s \n %s"%( error_code, URI, errors[error_code] ) - - resp.append('Content-Length: %i'%( len(msg) ) ) - resp.append('') - resp.append(msg) - - return "\r\n".join(resp) - - -def parse_request(request): - """ - parse an HTTP request - - returns the URI asked for - - note: minimal parsing -- only supprt GET - - example: - GET / HTTP/1.1 - Host: localhost:50000 - User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.7; rv:12.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/12.0 - Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 - Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5 - Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate - Connection: keep-alive - Cache-Control: max-age=0 - """ - # first line should be the method line: - lines = request.split("\r\n") - - method, URI, protocol = lines[0].split() - - # a bit of checking: - if method.strip() != "GET": - raise ValueError("I can only process a GET request") - if protocol.split('/')[0] != "HTTP": - raise ValueError("I can only process an HTTP request") - - return URI - -def format_dir_list(URI): - """ - format the contests of dir as HTML with links - """ - dir = os.path.join(root_dir, URI) - names = os.listdir(dir) - - dirs = [d for d in names if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(dir,d))] - files = [d for d in names if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(dir,d))] - - html =[] - html.append(" ") - html.append("

%s

"%URI) - print "URI:", URI - if URI: # don't need the parent dir at the root - html.append('Parent' ) - html.append("

Directories:

") - html.append(" ") - html.append("

Files:

") - html.append(" ") - html.append(" ") - return "\n".join(html) - -def get_time_page(): - """ - returns and html page with the current time in it - """ - time = httpdate.httpdate_now() - html = "

%s

"%time - return html - -def run_python_script(URI): - """ - runs the python script in the URI - - returns std out from running the script - - raises a subprocess.CalledProcessError if something goes wrong - """ - script = os.path.join(root_dir, URI) - result = subprocess.check_output(["python", script]) - return result - - -def get_file(URI): - """ - returns the contents of the file in the URI -- and a file extension for the mime type. - """ - URI = URI.strip('/') #os.path.join does not like a leading slash - # check if this is the time server option - if URI.lower() == "get_time": - return get_time_page(), 'html' - # check if it's a python file - if os.path.splitext(URI)[1] == ".py": - return run_python_script(URI), 'html' - else: - filename = os.path.join( root_dir, URI) - if os.path.isfile(filename): - contents = open(filename, 'rb').read() - ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1].strip('.') - return contents, ext - elif os.path.isdir(filename): - return format_dir_list(URI), 'htm' - else: - raise ValueError("there is nothing by that name") - - -while True: # keep looking for new connections forever - client, address = s.accept() # look for a connection - request = client.recv(size) - if request: # if the connection was closed there would be no data - print "received:", request - URI = parse_request(request) - try: - file_data, ext = get_file(URI) - response = OK_response(file_data, ext) - except ValueError: # file not found - response = Error_response(URI) - except subprocess.CalledProcessError: # somethign wrong with the python script - response = Error_response(URI, 500) - client.send(response) - client.close() - diff --git a/assignments/week01/athome/assignment.txt b/assignments/week01/athome/assignment.txt deleted file mode 100644 index c23300fd..00000000 --- a/assignments/week01/athome/assignment.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -1. Create a socket server which can take two numbers, add them together, and -return the result - -2. Create a socket client that sends two numbers to the above server, and -receives and prints the returned result. - -Submit your work by forking this repository. Add the server and client scripts -to your fork and then issue a pull request. diff --git a/assignments/week01/lab/echo_client.py b/assignments/week01/lab/echo_client.py deleted file mode 100644 index b8898436..00000000 --- a/assignments/week01/lab/echo_client.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -import socket -import sys - -# Create a TCP/IP socket - -# Connect the socket to the port where the server is listening -server_address = ('localhost', 50000) - -try: - # Send data - message = 'This is the message. It will be repeated.' - - # print the response - -finally: - # close the socket to clean up diff --git a/assignments/week01/lab/echo_server.py b/assignments/week01/lab/echo_server.py deleted file mode 100644 index e2c52fc6..00000000 --- a/assignments/week01/lab/echo_server.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -import socket -import sys - -# Create a TCP/IP socket - -# Bind the socket to the port -server_address = ('localhost', 50000) - -# Listen for incoming connections - -while True: - # Wait for a connection - - try: - # Receive the data and send it back - - - finally: - # Clean up the connection diff --git a/assignments/week02/athome/assignment.txt b/assignments/week02/athome/assignment.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 3b0f2ec3..00000000 --- a/assignments/week02/athome/assignment.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -Complete your HTTP Web Server. Accomplish as many of the following goals as -you are able: - -* If you were unable to complete the first five steps in class, circle back - and finish them - -* Complete the 'Bonus point' parts from the first five steps, if you haven't - already done so - -* Format your directory listing as HTML - -* In the HTML directory listing, make the files clickable links - -* Add a new, dynamic endpoint. If the URI /time-page is requested, return an - HTML page with the current time displayed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assignments/week02/lab/echo_server.py b/assignments/week02/lab/echo_server.py deleted file mode 100644 index 3eb3400f..00000000 --- a/assignments/week02/lab/echo_server.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python - -import socket - -host = '' # listen on all connections (WiFi, etc) -port = 50000 -backlog = 5 # how many connections can we stack up -size = 1024 # number of bytes to receive at once - -## create the socket -s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) -# set an option to tell the OS to re-use the socket -s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) - -# the bind makes it a server -s.bind( (host,port) ) -s.listen(backlog) - -while True: # keep looking for new connections forever - client, address = s.accept() # look for a connection - data = client.recv(size) - if data: # if the connection was closed there would be no data - print "received: %s, sending it back"%data - client.send(data) - client.close() \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assignments/week02/lab/tiny_html.html b/assignments/week02/lab/tiny_html.html deleted file mode 100755 index 8d4ec08c..00000000 --- a/assignments/week02/lab/tiny_html.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ - - -

This is a header

-

- and this is some regular text -

-

- and some more -

- - diff --git a/assignments/week02/lab/web/a_web_page.html b/assignments/week02/lab/web/a_web_page.html deleted file mode 100644 index 82e96100..00000000 --- a/assignments/week02/lab/web/a_web_page.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ - - - - -

My First Heading

- -

My first paragraph.

- - - - diff --git a/bootstrap.py b/bootstrap.py deleted file mode 100644 index ad6fdc68..00000000 --- a/bootstrap.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -############################################################################## -# -# Copyright (c) 2006 Zope Corporation and Contributors. -# All Rights Reserved. -# -# This software is subject to the provisions of the Zope Public License, -# Version 2.1 (ZPL). A copy of the ZPL should accompany this distribution. -# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED -# WARRANTIES ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED -# WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, AGAINST INFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS -# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. -# -############################################################################## -"""Bootstrap a buildout-based project - -Simply run this script in a directory containing a buildout.cfg. -The script accepts buildout command-line options, so you can -use the -c option to specify an alternate configuration file. - -$Id: bootstrap.py 85041 2008-03-31 15:57:30Z andreasjung $ -""" - -import os, shutil, sys, tempfile, urllib2 - -tmpeggs = tempfile.mkdtemp() - -try: - import pkg_resources -except ImportError: - ez = {} - exec urllib2.urlopen('http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py' - ).read() in ez - ez['use_setuptools'](to_dir=tmpeggs, download_delay=0) - - import pkg_resources - -if sys.platform == 'win32': - def quote(c): - if ' ' in c: - return '"%s"' % c # work around spawn lamosity on windows - else: - return c -else: - def quote (c): - return c - -cmd = 'from setuptools.command.easy_install import main; main()' -ws = pkg_resources.working_set -assert os.spawnle( - os.P_WAIT, sys.executable, quote (sys.executable), - '-c', quote (cmd), '-mqNxd', quote (tmpeggs), 'zc.buildout', - dict(os.environ, - PYTHONPATH= - ws.find(pkg_resources.Requirement.parse('setuptools')).location - ), - ) == 0 - -ws.add_entry(tmpeggs) -ws.require('zc.buildout') -import zc.buildout.buildout -zc.buildout.buildout.main(sys.argv[1:] + ['bootstrap']) -shutil.rmtree(tmpeggs) diff --git a/buildout.cfg b/buildout.cfg deleted file mode 100644 index 2e57c3fd..00000000 --- a/buildout.cfg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,89 +0,0 @@ -# -# Buildout to set-up Sphinx -# -[buildout] -parts = - sphinx - venv - build_s5 - executable - -extensions = - buildout.dumppickedversions - -allow-picked-versions = true - -versions = versions - -script-in = ${buildout:directory}/commands/build.in - -[sphinx] -recipe = collective.recipe.sphinxbuilder -#doc-directory = . -outputs = - html -source = ${buildout:directory}/source/main -build = ${buildout:directory}/build -eggs = - Sphinx - docutils - roman - Pygments - -[venv] -recipe = rjm.recipe.venv -venv_options = --no-site-packages --distribute -distutils_urls = - http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/docutils/docutils-0.9.1.tar.gz - -[build_s5] -recipe = collective.recipe.template[genshi]:genshi -input = ${buildout:script-in} -output = ${buildout:directory}/bin/build_s5 -build-suffix = html -build-directory = ${buildout:directory}/build/html/presentations -build-cmd = ${buildout:directory}/bin/rst2s5.py - -[executable] -recipe = collective.recipe.cmd -on_install = true -on_update = true -cmds = - chmod 744 ${build_s5:output} - -[versions] -# pin versions for continued sanity -Jinja2 = 2.6 -Pygments = 1.5 -Sphinx = 1.1.3 -collective.recipe.sphinxbuilder = 0.7.1 -roman = 1.4.0 - -#Required by: -#collective.recipe.sphinxbuilder 0.7.1 -docutils = 0.9.1 - -#Required by: -#collective.recipe.sphinxbuilder 0.7.1 -zc.buildout = 1.5.2 - -#Required by: -#collective.recipe.sphinxbuilder 0.7.1 -zc.recipe.egg = 1.3.2 - -distribute = 0.6.30 - -Genshi = 0.6 -collective.recipe.cmd = 0.5 -collective.recipe.template = 1.9 -rjm.recipe.venv = 0.8 - -#Required by: -#collective.recipe.sphinxbuilder 0.7.1 -#zc.recipe.egg 1.3.2 -#zc.buildout 1.5.2 -setuptools = 0.6c12dev-r88846 - -#Required by: -#rjm.recipe.venv 0.8 -virtualenv = 1.8.2 diff --git a/commands/build.in b/commands/build.in deleted file mode 100644 index f8c5fb33..00000000 --- a/commands/build.in +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/bash -shopt -s nullglob -SRC=rst -DEST=${options['build-suffix']} - -for RST in ${parts.buildout.directory}/source/presentations/*.rst -do - BASE=`basename $$RST` - OUT=${options['build-directory']}/$${BASE%.$$SRC}.$$DEST - ${options['build-cmd']} $$RST $$OUT -done - -cp -R ${parts.buildout.directory}/source/ui ${options['build-directory']}/ -cp -R ${parts.buildout.directory}/source/img ${options['build-directory']}/ diff --git a/docutils.conf b/docutils.conf index c640184a..f36d1c9b 100644 --- a/docutils.conf +++ b/docutils.conf @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ [general] source_url: http://github.com/cewing/training.python_web +[restructuredtext parser] +syntax_highlight = short + [s5_html writer] current_slide: True embed_stylesheet: false stylesheet: ui/uw_pce_theme/pretty.css -theme_url: ui/uw_pce_theme \ No newline at end of file +theme_url: ui/uw_pce_theme diff --git a/downloads/.gitignore b/downloads/.gitignore deleted file mode 100644 index d6b7ef32..00000000 --- a/downloads/.gitignore +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -* -!.gitignore diff --git a/notebooks/Networking & Sockets.ipynb b/notebooks/Networking & Sockets.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..09d64583 --- /dev/null +++ b/notebooks/Networking & Sockets.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,309 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "import socket" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def get_constants(prefix):\n", + " \"\"\"mapping of socket module constants to their names\"\"\"\n", + " return {getattr(socket, n): n\n", + " for n in dir(socket)\n", + " if n.startswith(prefix)\n", + " }" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "families = get_constants('AF_')\n", + "types = get_constants('SOCK_')\n", + "protocols = get_constants('IPPROTO_')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/plain": [ + "{: 'AF_UNSPEC',\n", + " : 'AF_UNIX',\n", + " : 'AF_INET',\n", + " : 'AF_SNA',\n", + " 12: 'AF_DECnet',\n", + " : 'AF_APPLETALK',\n", + " : 'AF_ROUTE',\n", + " : 'AF_LINK',\n", + " : 'AF_IPX',\n", + " : 'AF_INET6',\n", + " : 'AF_SYSTEM'}" + ] + }, + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "execute_result" + } + ], + "source": [ + "families" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/plain": [ + "{: 'SOCK_STREAM',\n", + " : 'SOCK_DGRAM',\n", + " : 'SOCK_RAW',\n", + " : 'SOCK_RDM',\n", + " : 'SOCK_SEQPACKET'}" + ] + }, + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "execute_result" + } + ], + "source": [ + "types" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/plain": [ + "{0: 'IPPROTO_IP',\n", + " 1: 'IPPROTO_ICMP',\n", + " 2: 'IPPROTO_IGMP',\n", + " 3: 'IPPROTO_GGP',\n", + " 4: 'IPPROTO_IPV4',\n", + " 6: 'IPPROTO_TCP',\n", + " 8: 'IPPROTO_EGP',\n", + " 12: 'IPPROTO_PUP',\n", + " 17: 'IPPROTO_UDP',\n", + " 22: 'IPPROTO_IDP',\n", + " 29: 'IPPROTO_TP',\n", + " 36: 'IPPROTO_XTP',\n", + " 41: 'IPPROTO_IPV6',\n", + " 43: 'IPPROTO_ROUTING',\n", + " 44: 'IPPROTO_FRAGMENT',\n", + " 46: 'IPPROTO_RSVP',\n", + " 47: 'IPPROTO_GRE',\n", + " 50: 'IPPROTO_ESP',\n", + " 51: 'IPPROTO_AH',\n", + " 58: 'IPPROTO_ICMPV6',\n", + " 59: 'IPPROTO_NONE',\n", + " 60: 'IPPROTO_DSTOPTS',\n", + " 63: 'IPPROTO_HELLO',\n", + " 77: 'IPPROTO_ND',\n", + " 80: 'IPPROTO_EON',\n", + " 103: 'IPPROTO_PIM',\n", + " 108: 'IPPROTO_IPCOMP',\n", + " 132: 'IPPROTO_SCTP',\n", + " 255: 'IPPROTO_RAW',\n", + " 256: 'IPPROTO_MAX'}" + ] + }, + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "execute_result" + } + ], + "source": [ + "protocols" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "default_socket = socket.socket()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/plain": [ + "'AF_INET'" + ] + }, + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "execute_result" + } + ], + "source": [ + "families[default_socket.family]" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/plain": [ + "'SOCK_STREAM'" + ] + }, + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "execute_result" + } + ], + "source": [ + "types[default_socket.type]" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/plain": [ + "'IPPROTO_IP'" + ] + }, + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "execute_result" + } + ], + "source": [ + "protocols[default_socket.proto]" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def get_address_info(host, port):\n", + " for response in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port):\n", + " fam, typ, pro, nam, add = response\n", + " print('family: {}'.format(families[fam]))\n", + " print('type: {}'.format(types[typ]))\n", + " print('protocol: {}'.format(protocols[pro]))\n", + " print('canonical name: {}'.format(nam))\n", + " print('socket address: {}'.format(add))\n", + " print('')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "family: AF_INET\n", + "type: SOCK_DGRAM\n", + "protocol: IPPROTO_UDP\n", + "canonical name: \n", + "socket address: ('127.0.0.1', 80)\n", + "\n", + "family: AF_INET\n", + "type: SOCK_STREAM\n", + "protocol: IPPROTO_TCP\n", + "canonical name: \n", + "socket address: ('127.0.0.1', 80)\n", + "\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "get_address_info(socket.gethostname(), 'http')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 3", + "language": "python", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.4.3" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/requirements.pip b/requirements.pip new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7539549c --- /dev/null +++ b/requirements.pip @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +alabaster==0.7.6 +appnope==0.1.0 +Babel==2.0 +decorator==4.0.2 +docutils==0.12 +gnureadline==6.3.3 +hieroglyph==0.7.1 +ipython==4.0.0 +ipython-genutils==0.1.0 +Jinja2==2.8 +MarkupSafe==0.23 +path.py==8.1 +pexpect==3.3 +pickleshare==0.5 +py==1.4.30 +Pygments==2.0.2 +pytest==2.7.2 +pytz==2015.4 +simplegeneric==0.8.1 +six==1.9.0 +snowballstemmer==1.2.0 +Sphinx==1.3.1 +sphinx-rtd-theme==0.1.8 +traitlets==4.0.0 diff --git a/resources/session01/echo_client.py b/resources/session01/echo_client.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6b2f0472 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session01/echo_client.py @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +import socket +import sys + + +def client(msg, log_buffer=sys.stderr): + server_address = ('localhost', 10000) + # TODO: Replace the following line with your code which will instantiate + # a TCP socket with IPv4 Addressing, call the socket you make 'sock' + sock = None + print('connecting to {0} port {1}'.format(*server_address), file=log_buffer) + # TODO: connect your socket to the server here. + + # you can use this variable to accumulate the entire message received back + # from the server + received_message = '' + + # this try/finally block exists purely to allow us to close the socket + # when we are finished with it + try: + print('sending "{0}"'.format(msg), file=log_buffer) + # TODO: send your message to the server here. + + # TODO: the server should be sending you back your message as a series + # of 16-byte chunks. Accumulate the chunks you get to build the + # entire reply from the server. Make sure that you have received + # the entire message and then you can break the loop. + # + # Log each chunk you receive. Use the print statement below to + # do it. This will help in debugging problems + chunk = '' + print('received "{0}"'.format(chunk.decode('utf8')), file=log_buffer) + finally: + # TODO: after you break out of the loop receiving echoed chunks from + # the server you will want to close your client socket. + print('closing socket', file=log_buffer) + + # TODO: when all is said and done, you should return the entire reply + # you received from the server as the return value of this function. + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + if len(sys.argv) != 2: + usage = '\nusage: python echo_client.py "this is my message"\n' + print(usage, file=sys.stderr) + sys.exit(1) + + msg = sys.argv[1] + client(msg) diff --git a/resources/session01/echo_server.py b/resources/session01/echo_server.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4103ac6a --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session01/echo_server.py @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +import socket +import sys + + +def server(log_buffer=sys.stderr): + # set an address for our server + address = ('127.0.0.1', 10000) + # TODO: Replace the following line with your code which will instantiate + # a TCP socket with IPv4 Addressing, call the socket you make 'sock' + sock = None + # TODO: You may find that if you repeatedly run the server script it fails, + # claiming that the port is already used. You can set an option on + # your socket that will fix this problem. We DID NOT talk about this + # in class. Find the correct option by reading the very end of the + # socket library documentation: + # http://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.html#example + + # log that we are building a server + print("making a server on {0}:{1}".format(*address), file=log_buffer) + + # TODO: bind your new sock 'sock' to the address above and begin to listen + # for incoming connections + + try: + # the outer loop controls the creation of new connection sockets. The + # server will handle each incoming connection one at a time. + while True: + print('waiting for a connection', file=log_buffer) + + # TODO: make a new socket when a client connects, call it 'conn', + # at the same time you should be able to get the address of + # the client so we can report it below. Replace the + # following line with your code. It is only here to prevent + # syntax errors + addr = ('bar', 'baz') + try: + print('connection - {0}:{1}'.format(*addr), file=log_buffer) + + # the inner loop will receive messages sent by the client in + # buffers. When a complete message has been received, the + # loop will exit + while True: + # TODO: receive 16 bytes of data from the client. Store + # the data you receive as 'data'. Replace the + # following line with your code. It's only here as + # a placeholder to prevent an error in string + # formatting + data = b'' + print('received "{0}"'.format(data.decode('utf8'))) + # TODO: Send the data you received back to the client, log + # the fact using the print statement here. It will help in + # debugging problems. + print('sent "{0}"'.format(data.decode('utf8'))) + # TODO: Check here to see if the message you've received is + # complete. If it is, break out of this inner loop. + + finally: + # TODO: When the inner loop exits, this 'finally' clause will + # be hit. Use that opportunity to close the socket you + # created above when a client connected. + print( + 'echo complete, client connection closed', file=log_buffer + ) + + except KeyboardInterrupt: + # TODO: Use the python KeyboardInterrupt exception as a signal to + # close the server socket and exit from the server function. + # Replace the call to `pass` below, which is only there to + # prevent syntax problems + pass + print('quitting echo server', file=log_buffer) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + server() + sys.exit(0) diff --git a/resources/session01/socket_tools.py b/resources/session01/socket_tools.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d2bc1e18 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session01/socket_tools.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +import socket + + +def get_constants(prefix): + return {getattr(socket, n): n for n in dir(socket) if n.startswith(prefix)} + + +families = get_constants('AF_') +types = get_constants('SOCK_') +protocols = get_constants('IPPROTO_') + + +def get_address_info(host, port): + for response in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port): + fam, typ, pro, nam, add = response + print('family: {}'.format(families[fam])) + print('type: {}'.format(types[typ])) + print('protocol: {}'.format(protocols[pro])) + print('canonical name: {}'.format(nam)) + print('socket address: {}'.format(add)) + print() diff --git a/resources/session01/tasks.txt b/resources/session01/tasks.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8fdab003 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session01/tasks.txt @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +Session 4 Homework +================== + +Required Tasks: +--------------- + +* Complete the code in ``echo_server.py`` to create a server that sends back + whatever messages it receives from a client + +* Complete the code in ``echo_client.py`` to create a client function that + can send a message and receive a reply. + +* Ensure that the tests in ``tests.py`` pass. + +To run the tests: + +* Open one terminal while in this folder and execute this command: + + $ python echo_server.py + +* Open a second terminal in this same folder and execute this command: + + $ python tests.py + + + + +Optional Tasks: +--------------- + +Simple: + +* Write a python function that lists the services provided by a given range of + ports. + + * accept the lower and upper bounds as arguments + * provide sensible defaults + * Ensure that it only accepts valid port numbers (0-65535) + +Challenging: + +* The echo server as outlined will only process a connection from one client + at a time. If a second client were to attempt a connection, it would have to + wait until the first message was fully echoed before it could be dealt with. + + Python provides a module called `select` that allows waiting for I/O events + in order to control flow. The `select.select` method can be used to allow + our echo server to handle more than one incoming connection in "parallel". + + Read the documentation about the `select` module + (http://docs.python.org/3/library/select.html) and attempt to write a second + version of the echo server that can handle multiple client connections in + "parallel". You do not need to invoke threading of any kind to do this. diff --git a/resources/session01/tests.py b/resources/session01/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d4c6c791 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session01/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +from echo_client import client +import socket +import unittest + + +class EchoTestCase(unittest.TestCase): + """tests for the echo server and client""" + + def send_message(self, message): + """Attempt to send a message using the client + + In case of a socket error, fail and report the problem + """ + try: + reply = client(message) + except socket.error as e: + if e.errno == 61: + msg = "Error: {0}, is the server running?" + self.fail(msg.format(e.strerror)) + else: + self.fail("Unexpected Error: {0}".format(str(e))) + return reply + + def test_short_message_echo(self): + """test that a message short than 16 bytes echoes cleanly""" + expected = "short message" + actual = self.send_message(expected) + self.assertEqual( + expected, + actual, + "expected {0}, got {1}".format(expected, actual) + ) + + def test_long_message_echo(self): + """test that a message longer than 16 bytes echoes in 16-byte chunks""" + expected = "Four score and seven years ago our fathers did stuff" + actual = self.send_message(expected) + self.assertEqual( + expected, + actual, + "expected {0}, got {1}".format(expected, actual) + ) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + unittest.main() diff --git a/resources/session02/homework/http_server.py b/resources/session02/homework/http_server.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..84ceffe1 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session02/homework/http_server.py @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +import socket +import sys + + +def response_ok(body=b"this is a pretty minimal response", mimetype=b"text/plain"): + """returns a basic HTTP response""" + resp = [] + resp.append(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK") + resp.append(b"Content-Type: text/plain") + resp.append(b"") + resp.append(b"this is a pretty minimal response") + return b"\r\n".join(resp) + + +def response_method_not_allowed(): + """returns a 405 Method Not Allowed response""" + resp = [] + resp.append("HTTP/1.1 405 Method Not Allowed") + resp.append("") + return "\r\n".join(resp).encode('utf8') + + +def response_not_found(): + """returns a 404 Not Found response""" + return b"" + + +def parse_request(request): + first_line = request.split("\r\n", 1)[0] + method, uri, protocol = first_line.split() + if method != "GET": + raise NotImplementedError("We only accept GET") + return uri + + +def resolve_uri(uri): + """This method should return appropriate content and a mime type""" + return b"still broken", b"text/plain" + + +def server(log_buffer=sys.stderr): + address = ('127.0.0.1', 10000) + sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) + sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) + print("making a server on {0}:{1}".format(*address), file=log_buffer) + sock.bind(address) + sock.listen(1) + + try: + while True: + print('waiting for a connection', file=log_buffer) + conn, addr = sock.accept() # blocking + try: + print('connection - {0}:{1}'.format(*addr), file=log_buffer) + request = '' + while True: + data = conn.recv(1024) + request += data.decode('utf8') + if len(data) < 1024: + break + + try: + uri = parse_request(request) + except NotImplementedError: + response = response_method_not_allowed() + else: + try: + content, mime_type = resolve_uri(uri) + except NameError: + response = response_not_found() + else: + response = response_ok(content, mime_type) + + print('sending response', file=log_buffer) + conn.sendall(response) + finally: + conn.close() + + except KeyboardInterrupt: + sock.close() + return + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + server() + sys.exit(0) diff --git a/resources/session02/homework/simple_client.py b/resources/session02/homework/simple_client.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2c9ed4cd --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session02/homework/simple_client.py @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +import socket +import sys + + +def bytes_client(msg): + server_address = ('localhost', 10000) + sock = socket.socket( + socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.IPPROTO_TCP + ) + print( + 'connecting to {0} port {1}'.format(*server_address), + file=sys.stderr + ) + sock.connect(server_address) + response = b'' + done = False + bufsize = 1024 + try: + print('sending "{0}"'.format(msg), file=sys.stderr) + sock.sendall(msg.encode('utf8')) + while not done: + chunk = sock.recv(bufsize) + if len(chunk) < bufsize: + done = True + response += chunk + print('received "{0}"'.format(response), file=sys.stderr) + finally: + print('closing socket', file=sys.stderr) + sock.close() + return response + + +def client(msg): + return bytes_client(msg).decode('utf8') + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + if len(sys.argv) != 2: + usg = '\nusage: python echo_client.py "this is my message"\n' + print(usg, file=sys.stderr) + sys.exit(1) + + msg = sys.argv[1] + client(msg) diff --git a/resources/session02/homework/tests.py b/resources/session02/homework/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..45007311 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session02/homework/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,427 @@ +import mimetypes +import os +import pathlib +import socket +import unittest + + +CRLF = '\r\n' +CRLF_BYTES = CRLF.encode('utf8') +KNOWN_TYPES = set( + map(lambda x: x.encode('utf8'), mimetypes.types_map.values()) +) + + +def extract_response_code(response): + return response.split(CRLF_BYTES, 1)[0].split(b' ', 1)[1].strip() + + +def extract_response_protocol(response): + return response.split(CRLF_BYTES, 1)[0].split(b' ', 1)[0].strip() + + +def extract_headers(response): + return response.split(CRLF_BYTES*2, 1)[0].split(CRLF_BYTES)[1:] + + +def extract_body(response): + return response.split(CRLF_BYTES*2, 1)[1] + + +class ResponseOkTestCase(unittest.TestCase): + """unit tests for the response_ok method in our server + + Becase this is a unit test case, it does not require the server to be + running. + """ + + def call_function_under_test(self, body=b"", mimetype=b"text/plain"): + """call the `response_ok` function from our http_server module""" + from http_server import response_ok + return response_ok(body=body, mimetype=mimetype) + + def test_response_code(self): + ok = self.call_function_under_test() + expected = "200 OK" + actual = extract_response_code(ok) + self.assertEqual(expected.encode('utf8'), actual) + + def test_response_protocol(self): + ok = self.call_function_under_test() + expected = 'HTTP/1.1' + actual = extract_response_protocol(ok) + self.assertEqual(expected.encode('utf8'), actual) + + def test_response_has_content_type_header(self): + ok = self.call_function_under_test() + headers = extract_headers(ok) + expected_name = 'content-type'.encode('utf8') + has_header = False + for header in headers: + name, value = header.split(b':') + actual_name = name.strip().lower() + if actual_name == expected_name: + has_header = True + break + self.assertTrue(has_header) + + def test_response_has_legitimate_content_type(self): + ok = self.call_function_under_test() + headers = extract_headers(ok) + expected_name = 'content-type'.encode('utf8') + for header in headers: + name, value = header.split(b':') + actual_name = name.strip().lower() + if actual_name == expected_name: + self.assertTrue(value.strip() in KNOWN_TYPES) + return + self.fail('no content type header found') + + def test_passed_mimetype_in_response(self): + mimetypes = [ + b'image/jpeg', b'text/html', b'text/x-python', + ] + header_name = b'content-type' + for expected in mimetypes: + ok = self.call_function_under_test(mimetype=expected) + headers = extract_headers(ok) + for header in headers: + name, value = header.split(b':') + if header_name == name.strip().lower(): + actual = value.strip() + self.assertEqual( + expected, + actual, + "expected {0}, got {1}".format(expected, actual) + ) + + def test_passed_body_in_response(self): + bodies = [ + b"a body", + b"a longer body\nwith two lines", + pathlib.Path("webroot/sample.txt").read_bytes(), + ] + for expected in bodies: + ok = self.call_function_under_test(body=expected) + actual = extract_body(ok) + self.assertEqual( + expected, + actual, + "expected {0}, got {1}".format(expected, actual)) + + +class ResponseMethodNotAllowedTestCase(unittest.TestCase): + """unit tests for the response_method_not_allowed function""" + + def call_function_under_test(self): + """call the `response_method_not_allowed` function""" + from http_server import response_method_not_allowed + return response_method_not_allowed() + + def test_response_code(self): + resp = self.call_function_under_test() + expected = "405 Method Not Allowed" + actual = extract_response_code(resp) + self.assertEqual(expected.encode('utf8'), actual) + + def test_response_method(self): + resp = self.call_function_under_test() + expected = 'HTTP/1.1' + actual = extract_response_protocol(resp) + self.assertEqual(expected.encode('utf8'), actual) + + +class ResponseNotFoundTestCase(unittest.TestCase): + """unit tests for the response_not_found function""" + + def call_function_under_test(self): + """call the 'response_not_found' function""" + from http_server import response_not_found + return response_not_found() + + def test_response_code(self): + resp = self.call_function_under_test() + expected = "404 Not Found" + actual = extract_response_code(resp) + self.assertEqual(expected.encode('utf8'), actual) + + def test_response_method(self): + resp = self.call_function_under_test() + expected = 'HTTP/1.1' + actual = extract_response_protocol(resp) + self.assertEqual(expected.encode('utf8'), actual) + + +class ParseRequestTestCase(unittest.TestCase): + """unit tests for the parse_request method""" + + def call_function_under_test(self, request): + """call the `parse_request` function""" + from http_server import parse_request + return parse_request(request) + + def test_get_method(self): + """verify that GET HTTP requests do not raise an error""" + request = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\n\r\n" + try: + self.call_function_under_test(request) + except (NotImplementedError, Exception) as e: + self.fail('GET method raises an error {0}'.format(str(e))) + + def test_bad_http_methods(self): + """verify that non-GET HTTP methods raise a NotImplementedError""" + methods = ['POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE', 'HEAD'] + request_template = "{0} / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\n\r\n" + for method in methods: + request = request_template.format(method) + self.assertRaises( + NotImplementedError, self.call_function_under_test, request + ) + + def test_uri_returned(self): + """verify that the parse_request function returns a URI""" + URIs = [ + '/', '/a_web_page.html', '/sample.txt', '/images/sample_1.png', + ] + request_tmplt = "GET {0} HTTP/1.1" + for expected in URIs: + request = request_tmplt.format(expected) + actual = self.call_function_under_test(request) + self.assertEqual( + expected, + actual, + "expected {0}, got {1}".format(expected, actual) + ) + + +class ResolveURITestCase(unittest.TestCase): + """unit tests for the resolve_uri function""" + + def call_function_under_test(self, uri): + """call the resolve_uri function""" + from http_server import resolve_uri + content, mime_type = resolve_uri(uri) + return content, mime_type.decode('utf8') + + def test_directory_resource(self): + uri = '/' + expected_names = [ + 'a_web_page.html', 'images', 'make_time.py', 'sample.txt', + ] + expected_mimetype = "text/plain" + actual_body, actual_mimetype = self.call_function_under_test(uri) + self.assertEqual( + expected_mimetype, + actual_mimetype, + 'expected {0} got {1}'.format(expected_mimetype, actual_mimetype) + ) + actual_body = actual_body.decode('utf8') + for expected in expected_names: + self.assertTrue( + expected in actual_body, + '"{0}" not in "{1}"'.format(expected, actual_body) + ) + + def test_file_resource(self): + uris_types = { + '/a_web_page.html': 'text/html', + '/make_time.py': 'text/x-python', + '/sample.txt': 'text/plain', + } + for uri, expected_mimetype in uris_types.items(): + path = pathlib.Path("webroot{0}".format(uri)) + expected_body = path.read_bytes() + actual_body, actual_mimetype = self.call_function_under_test(uri) + self.assertEqual( + expected_mimetype, + actual_mimetype, + 'expected {0} got {1}'.format( + expected_mimetype, actual_mimetype + ) + ) + self.assertEqual( + expected_body, + actual_body, + 'expected {0} got {1}'.format( + expected_mimetype, actual_mimetype + ) + ) + + def test_image_resource(self): + names_types = { + 'JPEG_example.jpg': 'image/jpeg', + 'sample_1.png': 'image/png', + } + for filename, expected_mimetype in names_types.items(): + uri = "/images/{0}".format(filename) + path = pathlib.Path("webroot{0}".format(uri)) + expected_body = path.read_bytes() + actual_body, actual_mimetype = self.call_function_under_test(uri) + self.assertEqual( + expected_mimetype, + actual_mimetype, + 'expected {0} got {1}'.format( + expected_mimetype, actual_mimetype + ) + ) + self.assertEqual( + expected_body, + actual_body, + 'expected {0} got {1}'.format( + expected_mimetype, actual_mimetype + ) + ) + + def test_missing_resource(self): + uri = "/missing.html" + self.assertRaises(NameError, self.call_function_under_test, uri) + + +class HTTPServerFunctionalTestCase(unittest.TestCase): + """functional tests of the HTTP Server + + This test case interacts with the http server, and as such requires it to + be running in order for the tests to pass + """ + + def send_message(self, message, use_bytes=False): + """Attempt to send a message using the client and the test buffer + + In case of a socket error, fail and report the problem + """ + response = '' + if not use_bytes: + from simple_client import client + else: + from simple_client import bytes_client as client + + try: + response = client(message) + except socket.error as e: + if e.errno == 61: + msg = "Error: {0}, is the server running?" + self.fail(msg.format(e.strerror)) + else: + self.fail("Unexpected Error: {0}".format(str(e))) + return response + + def test_get_request(self): + message = CRLF.join(['GET / HTTP/1.1', 'Host: example.com', '']) + expected = '200 OK' + actual = self.send_message(message) + self.assertTrue( + expected in actual, '"{0}" not in "{1}"'.format(expected, actual) + ) + + def test_post_request(self): + message = CRLF.join(['POST / HTTP/1.1', 'Host: example.com', '']) + expected = '405 Method Not Allowed' + actual = self.send_message(message) + self.assertTrue( + expected in actual, '"{0}" not in "{1}"'.format(expected, actual) + ) + + def test_webroot_directory_resources(self): + """verify that directory uris are properly served""" + message_tmpl = CRLF.join(['GET {0} HTTP/1.1', 'Host: example.com', '']) + root = "webroot/" + for directory, directories, files in os.walk(root): + directory_uri = "/{0}".format(directory[len(root):]) + message = message_tmpl.format(directory_uri) + actual = self.send_message(message) + # verify that directory listings are correct + self.assertTrue( + "200 OK" in actual, + "request for {0} did not result in OK".format(directory_uri)) + for expected in directories + files: + self.assertTrue( + expected in actual, + '"{0}" not in "{1}"'.format(expected, actual) + ) + + def test_webroot_file_uris(self): + """verify that file uris are properly served""" + message_tmpl = CRLF.join(['GET {0} HTTP/1.1', 'Host: example.com', '']) + root = pathlib.Path("webroot") + for file_path in root.iterdir(): + # set up expectations for this file + if file_path.is_dir(): + continue + expected_body = file_path.read_bytes().decode('utf8') + expected_mimetype = mimetypes.types_map[ + os.path.splitext(str(file_path))[1] + ] + file_uri = str(file_path)[len(str(root)):] + message = message_tmpl.format(file_uri) + actual = self.send_message(message) + self.assertTrue( + "200 OK" in actual, + "request for {0} did not result in OK".format( + file_uri + ) + ) + self.assertTrue( + expected_mimetype in actual, + "mimetype {0} not in response for {1}".format( + expected_mimetype, file_uri + ) + ) + self.assertTrue( + expected_body in actual, + "body of {0} not in response for {1}".format( + file_path, file_uri + ) + ) + + def test_webroot_image_uris(self): + """verify that image uris are properly served + + requires using a client that does not attempt to decode the response + body + """ + message_tmpl = CRLF.join(['GET {0} HTTP/1.1', 'Host: example.com', '']) + root = pathlib.Path("webroot") + images_path = root / 'images' + for file_path in images_path.iterdir(): + # set up expectations for this file + if file_path.is_dir(): + continue + expected_body = file_path.read_bytes() + expected_mimetype = mimetypes.types_map[ + os.path.splitext(str(file_path))[1] + ] + file_uri = str(file_path)[len(str(root)):] + message = message_tmpl.format(file_uri) + actual = self.send_message(message, use_bytes=True) + self.assertTrue( + b"200 OK" in actual, + "request for {0} did not result in OK".format( + file_uri + ) + ) + self.assertTrue( + expected_mimetype.encode('utf8') in actual, + "mimetype {0} not in response for {1}".format( + expected_mimetype, file_uri + ) + ) + self.assertTrue( + expected_body in actual, + "body of {0} not in response for {1}".format( + file_path, file_uri + ) + ) + + def test_missing_resource(self): + message = CRLF.join( + ['GET /missing.html HTTP/1.1', 'Host: example.com', ''] + ) + expected = '404 Not Found' + actual = self.send_message(message) + self.assertTrue( + expected in actual, '"{0}" not in "{1}"'.format(expected, actual) + ) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + unittest.main() diff --git a/resources/session02/homework/webroot/a_web_page.html b/resources/session02/homework/webroot/a_web_page.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4635692d --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session02/homework/webroot/a_web_page.html @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + + + + +

North Carolina

+ +

A fine place to spend a week learning web programming!

+ + + + diff --git a/assignments/week02/lab/web/images/JPEG_example.jpg b/resources/session02/homework/webroot/images/JPEG_example.jpg similarity index 100% rename from assignments/week02/lab/web/images/JPEG_example.jpg rename to resources/session02/homework/webroot/images/JPEG_example.jpg diff --git a/assignments/week02/lab/web/images/Sample_Scene_Balls.jpg b/resources/session02/homework/webroot/images/Sample_Scene_Balls.jpg similarity index 100% rename from assignments/week02/lab/web/images/Sample_Scene_Balls.jpg rename to resources/session02/homework/webroot/images/Sample_Scene_Balls.jpg diff --git a/assignments/week02/lab/web/images/sample_1.png b/resources/session02/homework/webroot/images/sample_1.png similarity index 100% rename from assignments/week02/lab/web/images/sample_1.png rename to resources/session02/homework/webroot/images/sample_1.png diff --git a/assignments/week02/lab/web/make_time.py b/resources/session02/homework/webroot/make_time.py similarity index 89% rename from assignments/week02/lab/web/make_time.py rename to resources/session02/homework/webroot/make_time.py index d3064dd2..b69acf38 100644 --- a/assignments/week02/lab/web/make_time.py +++ b/resources/session02/homework/webroot/make_time.py @@ -17,9 +17,6 @@

%s

-"""% time_str - -print html - - +""" % time_str +print(html) diff --git a/assignments/week02/lab/web/sample.txt b/resources/session02/homework/webroot/sample.txt similarity index 100% rename from assignments/week02/lab/web/sample.txt rename to resources/session02/homework/webroot/sample.txt diff --git a/resources/session02/http_server.py b/resources/session02/http_server.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d5aaf480 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session02/http_server.py @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +import socket +import sys + + +def server(log_buffer=sys.stderr): + address = ('127.0.0.1', 10000) + sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) + sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) + print("making a server on {0}:{1}".format(*address), file=log_buffer) + sock.bind(address) + sock.listen(1) + + try: + while True: + print('waiting for a connection', file=log_buffer) + conn, addr = sock.accept() # blocking + try: + print('connection - {0}:{1}'.format(*addr), file=log_buffer) + while True: + data = conn.recv(16) + print('received "{0}"'.format(data), file=log_buffer) + if data: + print('sending data back to client', file=log_buffer) + conn.sendall(data) + else: + msg = 'no more data from {0}:{1}'.format(*addr) + print(msg, log_buffer) + break + finally: + conn.close() + + except KeyboardInterrupt: + sock.close() + return + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + server() + sys.exit(0) diff --git a/resources/session02/simple_client.py b/resources/session02/simple_client.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..74523a2a --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session02/simple_client.py @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +import socket +import sys + + +def client(msg): + server_address = ('localhost', 10000) + sock = socket.socket( + socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.IPPROTO_TCP + ) + print( + 'connecting to {0} port {1}'.format(*server_address), + file=sys.stderr + ) + sock.connect(server_address) + response = '' + done = False + bufsize = 1024 + try: + print('sending "{0}"'.format(msg), file=sys.stderr) + sock.sendall(msg.encode('utf8')) + while not done: + chunk = sock.recv(bufsize) + if len(chunk) < bufsize: + done = True + response += chunk.decode('utf8') + print('received "{0}"'.format(response), file=sys.stderr) + finally: + print('closing socket', file=sys.stderr) + sock.close() + return response + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + if len(sys.argv) != 2: + usg = '\nusage: python echo_client.py "this is my message"\n' + print(usg, file=sys.stderr) + sys.exit(1) + + msg = sys.argv[1] + client(msg) diff --git a/resources/session02/tests.py b/resources/session02/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a4da1793 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session02/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +import mimetypes +import socket +import unittest + + +CRLF = '\r\n' +CRLF_BYTES = CRLF.encode('utf8') +KNOWN_TYPES = set( + map(lambda x: x.encode('utf8'), mimetypes.types_map.values()) +) + + +def extract_response_code(response): + return response.split(CRLF_BYTES, 1)[0].split(b' ', 1)[1].strip() + + +def extract_response_protocol(response): + return response.split(CRLF_BYTES, 1)[0].split(b' ', 1)[0].strip() + + +def extract_headers(response): + return response.split(CRLF_BYTES*2, 1)[0].split(CRLF_BYTES)[1:] + + +class ResponseOkTestCase(unittest.TestCase): + """unit tests for the response_ok method in our server + + Becase this is a unit test case, it does not require the server to be + running. + """ + + def call_function_under_test(self): + """call the `response_ok` function from our http_server module""" + from http_server import response_ok + return response_ok() + + def test_response_code(self): + ok = self.call_function_under_test() + expected = "200 OK" + actual = extract_response_code(ok) + self.assertEqual(expected.encode('utf8'), actual) + + def test_response_protocol(self): + ok = self.call_function_under_test() + expected = 'HTTP/1.1' + actual = extract_response_protocol(ok) + self.assertEqual(expected.encode('utf8'), actual) + + def test_response_has_content_type_header(self): + ok = self.call_function_under_test() + headers = extract_headers(ok) + expected_name = 'content-type'.encode('utf8') + has_header = False + for header in headers: + name, value = header.split(b':') + actual_name = name.strip().lower() + if actual_name == expected_name: + has_header = True + break + self.assertTrue(has_header) + + def test_response_has_legitimate_content_type(self): + ok = self.call_function_under_test() + headers = extract_headers(ok) + expected_name = 'content-type'.encode('utf8') + for header in headers: + name, value = header.split(b':') + actual_name = name.strip().lower() + if actual_name == expected_name: + self.assertTrue(value.strip() in KNOWN_TYPES) + return + self.fail('no content type header found') + + +class ResponseMethodNotAllowedTestCase(unittest.TestCase): + """unit tests for the response_method_not_allowed function""" + + def call_function_under_test(self): + """call the `response_method_not_allowed` function""" + from http_server import response_method_not_allowed + return response_method_not_allowed() + + def test_response_code(self): + resp = self.call_function_under_test() + expected = "405 Method Not Allowed" + actual = extract_response_code(resp) + self.assertEqual(expected.encode('utf8'), actual) + + def test_response_method(self): + resp = self.call_function_under_test() + expected = 'HTTP/1.1' + actual = extract_response_protocol(resp) + self.assertEqual(expected.encode('utf8'), actual) + + +class ParseRequestTestCase(unittest.TestCase): + """unit tests for the parse_request method""" + + def call_function_under_test(self, request): + """call the `parse_request` function""" + from http_server import parse_request + return parse_request(request) + + def test_get_method(self): + """verify that GET HTTP requests do not raise an error""" + request = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\n\r\n" + try: + self.call_function_under_test(request) + except (NotImplementedError, Exception) as e: + self.fail('GET method raises an error {0}'.format(str(e))) + + def test_bad_http_methods(self): + """verify that non-GET HTTP methods raise a NotImplementedError""" + methods = ['POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE', 'HEAD'] + request_template = "{0} / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\n\r\n" + for method in methods: + request = request_template.format(method) + self.assertRaises( + NotImplementedError, self.call_function_under_test, request + ) + + +class HTTPServerFunctionalTestCase(unittest.TestCase): + """functional tests of the HTTP Server + + This test case interacts with the http server, and as such requires it to + be running in order for the tests to pass + """ + + def send_message(self, message): + """Attempt to send a message using the client and the test buffer + + In case of a socket error, fail and report the problem + """ + from simple_client import client + response = '' + try: + response = client(message) + except socket.error as e: + if e.errno == 61: + msg = "Error: {0}, is the server running?" + self.fail(msg.format(e.strerror)) + else: + self.fail("Unexpected Error: {0}".format(str(e))) + return response + + def test_get_request(self): + message = CRLF.join(['GET / HTTP/1.1', 'Host: example.com', '']) + expected = '200 OK' + actual = self.send_message(message) + self.assertTrue( + expected in actual, '"{0}" not in "{1}"'.format(expected, actual) + ) + + def test_post_request(self): + message = CRLF.join(['POST / HTTP/1.1', 'Host: example.com', '']) + expected = '405 Method Not Allowed' + actual = self.send_message(message) + self.assertTrue( + expected in actual, '"{0}" not in "{1}"'.format(expected, actual) + ) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + unittest.main() diff --git a/resources/session03/cgi/cgi-bin/cgi_1.py b/resources/session03/cgi/cgi-bin/cgi_1.py new file mode 100755 index 00000000..baa5c3e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session03/cgi/cgi-bin/cgi_1.py @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +import cgi + + +cgi.test() diff --git a/resources/session03/cgi/cgi-bin/cgi_2.py b/resources/session03/cgi/cgi-bin/cgi_2.py new file mode 100755 index 00000000..100ccded --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session03/cgi/cgi-bin/cgi_2.py @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +import cgi +import cgitb +cgitb.enable() +import os +import datetime + + +default = "No Value Present" + + +print("Content-Type: text/html") +print() + +body = """ + +Lab 1 - CGI experiments + + +

Hey there, this page has been generated by {software}, running {script}

+

Today is {month} {date}, {year}.

+

This page was requested by IP Address {client_ip}

+ +""".format( + software=os.environ.get('SERVER_SOFTWARE', default), + script='aaaa', + month='bbbb', + date='cccc', + year='dddd', + client_ip='eeee' +) +print(body) diff --git a/resources/session03/cgi/cgi-bin/cgi_sums.py b/resources/session03/cgi/cgi-bin/cgi_sums.py new file mode 100755 index 00000000..feed2bc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session03/cgi/cgi-bin/cgi_sums.py @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +import cgi +import cgitb + +cgitb.enable() + +print("Content-type: text/plain") +print() +print("Your job is to make this work") diff --git a/resources/session03/cgi/index.html b/resources/session03/cgi/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d6725d8b --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session03/cgi/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + Python 200: Session 06 Lab Examples + + +

Python 200

+

Session 06: CGI, WSGI and Living Online

+

CGI Examples

+
    +
  1. CGI Test 1
    2. +
  2. Exercise One
    3. +
  3. CGI Sum Server
    4. +
+

WSGI Examples

+ + diff --git a/resources/session03/http_server.py b/resources/session03/http_server.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e42ea086 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session03/http_server.py @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +import mimetypes +import pathlib +import socket +import sys + + +def response_ok(body=b"this is a pretty minimal response", mimetype=b"text/plain"): + """returns a basic HTTP response as bytes""" + resp = [] + resp.append(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK") + resp.append(b"Content-Type: " + mimetype) + resp.append(b"") + resp.append(body) + return b"\r\n".join(resp) + + +def response_method_not_allowed(): + """returns a 405 Method Not Allowed response as bytes""" + resp = [] + resp.append("HTTP/1.1 405 Method Not Allowed") + resp.append("") + return "\r\n".join(resp).encode('utf8') + + +def response_not_found(): + """returns a 404 Not Found response as bytes""" + resp = [] + resp.append("HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found") + resp.append("") + return "\r\n".join(resp).encode('utf8') + + +def parse_request(request): + first_line = request.split("\r\n", 1)[0] + method, uri, protocol = first_line.split() + if method != "GET": + raise NotImplementedError("We only accept GET") + return uri + + +def resolve_uri(uri): + """This method should return appropriate content and a mime type + + Both content and mime type should be expressed as bytes + """ + root_path = pathlib.Path('./webroot') + resource_path = root_path / uri.lstrip('/') + if resource_path.is_dir(): + # the resource is a directory, content type is text/html, produce a + # listing of the directory contents + item_template = '* {}' + listing = [] + for item_path in resource_path.iterdir(): + listing.append(item_template.format(str(item_path))) + content = "\n".join(listing).encode('utf8') + mime_type = 'text/plain'.encode('utf8') + elif resource_path.is_file(): + # the resource is a file, figure out its mime type and read + content = resource_path.read_bytes() + mime_type = mimetypes.guess_type(str(resource_path))[0].encode('utf8') + else: + raise NameError() + return content, mime_type + + + +def server(log_buffer=sys.stderr): + address = ('127.0.0.1', 10000) + sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) + sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) + print("making a server on {0}:{1}".format(*address), file=log_buffer) + sock.bind(address) + sock.listen(1) + + try: + while True: + print('waiting for a connection', file=log_buffer) + conn, addr = sock.accept() # blocking + try: + print('connection - {0}:{1}'.format(*addr), file=log_buffer) + request = '' + while True: + data = conn.recv(1024) + request += data.decode('utf8') + if len(data) < 1024: + break + + try: + uri = parse_request(request) + except NotImplementedError: + response = response_method_not_allowed() + else: + try: + content, mime_type = resolve_uri(uri) + except NameError: + response = response_not_found() + else: + response = response_ok(content, mime_type) + + print('sending response', file=log_buffer) + conn.sendall(response) + finally: + conn.close() + + except KeyboardInterrupt: + sock.close() + return + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + server() + sys.exit(0) diff --git a/resources/session03/wsgi/bookapp.py b/resources/session03/wsgi/bookapp.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d2284c6f --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session03/wsgi/bookapp.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +import re + +from bookdb import BookDB + +DB = BookDB() + + +def book(book_id): + return "

a book with id %s

" % book_id + + +def books(): + return "

a list of books

" + + +def application(environ, start_response): + status = "200 OK" + headers = [('Content-type', 'text/html')] + start_response(status, headers) + return ["

No Progress Yet

".encode('utf8')] + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server + srv = make_server('localhost', 8080, application) + srv.serve_forever() diff --git a/resources/session03/wsgi/bookdb.py b/resources/session03/wsgi/bookdb.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f3a72414 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session03/wsgi/bookdb.py @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ + +class BookDB(): + def titles(self): + titles = [ + dict(id=id, title=database[id]['title']) for id in database.keys() + ] + return titles + + def title_info(self, id): + return database.get(id, None) + + +# let's pretend we're getting this information from a database somewhere +database = { + 'id1': { + 'title': 'CherryPy Essentials: Rapid Python Web Application Development', + 'isbn': '978-1904811848', + 'publisher': 'Packt Publishing (March 31, 2007)', + 'author': 'Sylvain Hellegouarch', + }, + 'id2': { + 'title': 'Python for Software Design: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist', + 'isbn': '978-0521725965', + 'publisher': 'Cambridge University Press; 1 edition (March 16, 2009)', + 'author': 'Allen B. Downey', + }, + 'id3': { + 'title': 'Foundations of Python Network Programming', + 'isbn': '978-1430230038', + 'publisher': 'Apress; 2 edition (December 21, 2010)', + 'author': 'John Goerzen', + }, + 'id4': { + 'title': 'Python Cookbook, Second Edition', + 'isbn': '978-0-596-00797-3', + 'publisher': 'O''Reilly Media', + 'author': 'Alex Martelli, Anna Ravenscroft, David Ascher', + }, + 'id5': { + 'title': 'The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to Master', + 'isbn': '978-0201616224', + 'publisher': 'Addison-Wesley Professional (October 30, 1999)', + 'author': 'Andrew Hunt, David Thomas', + }, +} diff --git a/resources/session03/wsgi/tests.py b/resources/session03/wsgi/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b92bc78d --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session03/wsgi/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +import unittest + + +class BookAppTestCase(unittest.TestCase): + """shared functionality""" + + def setUp(self): + from bookdb import database + self.db = database + + +class BookDBTestCase(BookAppTestCase): + """tests for the bookdb code""" + + def makeOne(self): + from bookdb import BookDB + return BookDB() + + def test_all_titles_returned(self): + actual_titles = self.makeOne().titles() + self.assertEqual(len(actual_titles), len(self.db)) + + def test_all_titles_correct(self): + actual_titles = self.makeOne().titles() + for actual_title in actual_titles: + self.assertTrue(actual_title['id'] in self.db) + actual = actual_title['title'] + expected = self.db[actual_title['id']]['title'] + self.assertEqual(actual, expected) + + def test_title_info_complete(self): + use_id, expected = self.db.items()[0] + actual = self.makeOne().title_info(use_id) + # demonstrate all actual keys are expected + for key in actual: + self.assertTrue(key in expected) + # demonstrate all expected keys are present in actual + for key in expected: + self.assertTrue(key in actual) + + def test_title_info_correct(self): + for book_id, expected in self.db.items(): + actual = self.makeOne().title_info(book_id) + self.assertEqual(actual, expected) + + +class ResolvePathTestCase(BookAppTestCase): + """tests for the resolve_path function""" + + def call_function_under_test(self, path): + from bookapp import resolve_path + return resolve_path(path) + + def test_root_returns_books_function(self): + """verify that the correct function is returned by the root path""" + from bookapp import books as expected + path = '/' + actual, args = self.call_function_under_test(path) + self.assertTrue(actual is expected) + + def test_root_returns_no_args(self): + """verify that no args are returned for the root path""" + path = '/' + func, actual = self.call_function_under_test(path) + self.assertTrue(not actual) + + def test_book_path_returns_book_function(self): + from bookapp import book as expected + book_id = self.db.keys()[0] + path = '/book/{0}'.format(book_id) + actual, args = self.call_function_under_test(path) + self.assertTrue(actual is expected) + + def test_book_path_returns_bookid_in_args(self): + expected = self.db.keys()[0] + path = '/book/{0}'.format(expected) + func, actual = self.call_function_under_test(path) + self.assertTrue(expected in actual) + + def test_bad_path_raises_name_error(self): + path = '/not/valid/path' + self.assertRaises(NameError, self.call_function_under_test, path) + + +class BooksTestCase(BookAppTestCase): + """tests for the books function""" + + def call_function_under_test(self): + from bookapp import books + return books() + + def test_all_book_titles_in_result(self): + actual = self.call_function_under_test() + for book_id, info in self.db.items(): + expected = info['title'] + self.assertTrue(expected in actual) + + def test_all_book_ids_in_result(self): + actual = self.call_function_under_test() + for expected in self.db: + self.assertTrue(expected in actual) + + +class BookTestCase(BookAppTestCase): + """tests for the book function""" + + def call_function_under_test(self, id): + from bookapp import book + return book(id) + + def test_all_ids_have_results(self): + for book_id in self.db: + actual = self.call_function_under_test(book_id) + self.assertTrue(actual) + + def test_id_returns_correct_results(self): + for book_id, book_info in self.db.items(): + actual = self.call_function_under_test(book_id) + for expected in book_info.values(): + self.assertTrue(expected in actual) + + def test_bad_id_raises_name_error(self): + bad_id = "sponge" + self.assertRaises(NameError, self.call_function_under_test, bad_id) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + unittest.main() diff --git a/resources/session03/wsgi/wsgi_1.py b/resources/session03/wsgi/wsgi_1.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..85498d13 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session03/wsgi/wsgi_1.py @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +import datetime + +default = "No Value Set" + +body = """ + +Lab 3 - WSGI experiments + + +

Hey there, this page has been generated by {software}, running at {path}

+

Today is {month} {date}, {year}.

+

This page was requested by IP Address {client_ip}

+ +""" + + +def application(environ, start_response): + import pprint + pprint.pprint(environ) + + response_body = body.format( + software=environ.get('SERVER_SOFTWARE', default), + path="aaaa", + month="bbbb", + date="cccc", + year="dddd", + client_ip="eeee" + ) + status = '200 OK' + + response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html'), + ('Content-Length', str(len(response_body)))] + start_response(status, response_headers) + + return [response_body.encode('utf8')] + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server + srv = make_server('localhost', 8080, application) + srv.serve_forever() diff --git a/resources/session04/mashup_1.py b/resources/session04/mashup_1.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0880e87c --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session04/mashup_1.py @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +from bs4 import BeautifulSoup +import requests + + +INSPECTION_DOMAIN = 'http://info.kingcounty.gov' +INSPECTION_PATH = '/health/ehs/foodsafety/inspections/Results.aspx' +INSPECTION_PARAMS = { + 'Output': 'W', + 'Business_Name': '', + 'Business_Address': '', + 'Longitude': '', + 'Latitude': '', + 'City': '', + 'Zip_Code': '', + 'Inspection_Type': 'All', + 'Inspection_Start': '', + 'Inspection_End': '', + 'Inspection_Closed_Business': 'A', + 'Violation_Points': '', + 'Violation_Red_Points': '', + 'Violation_Descr': '', + 'Fuzzy_Search': 'N', + 'Sort': 'H' +} + + +def get_inspection_page(**kwargs): + url = INSPECTION_DOMAIN + INSPECTION_PATH + params = INSPECTION_PARAMS.copy() + for key, val in kwargs.items(): + if key in INSPECTION_PARAMS: + params[key] = val + resp = requests.get(url, params=params) + resp.raise_for_status() + return resp.text + + +def parse_source(html): + parsed = BeautifulSoup(html) + return parsed + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + use_params = { + 'Inspection_Start': '2/1/2014', + 'Inspection_End': '2/1/2016', + 'Zip_Code': '98101' + } + html = get_inspection_page(**use_params) + parsed = parse_source(html) + print(parsed.prettify()) diff --git a/resources/session04/mashup_2.py b/resources/session04/mashup_2.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6d4778c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session04/mashup_2.py @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +from bs4 import BeautifulSoup +import pathlib +import re +import requests + + +INSPECTION_DOMAIN = 'http://info.kingcounty.gov' +INSPECTION_PATH = '/health/ehs/foodsafety/inspections/Results.aspx' +INSPECTION_PARAMS = { + 'Output': 'W', + 'Business_Name': '', + 'Business_Address': '', + 'Longitude': '', + 'Latitude': '', + 'City': '', + 'Zip_Code': '', + 'Inspection_Type': 'All', + 'Inspection_Start': '', + 'Inspection_End': '', + 'Inspection_Closed_Business': 'A', + 'Violation_Points': '', + 'Violation_Red_Points': '', + 'Violation_Descr': '', + 'Fuzzy_Search': 'N', + 'Sort': 'H' +} + + +def get_inspection_page(**kwargs): + url = INSPECTION_DOMAIN + INSPECTION_PATH + params = INSPECTION_PARAMS.copy() + for key, val in kwargs.items(): + if key in INSPECTION_PARAMS: + params[key] = val + resp = requests.get(url, params=params) + resp.raise_for_status() + return resp.text + + +def parse_source(html): + parsed = BeautifulSoup(html) + return parsed + + +def load_inspection_page(name): + file_path = pathlib.Path(name) + return file_path.read_text(encoding='utf8') + + +def restaurant_data_generator(html): + id_finder = re.compile(r'PR[\d]+~') + return html.find_all('div', id=id_finder) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + use_params = { + 'Inspection_Start': '2/1/2013', + 'Inspection_End': '2/1/2015', + 'Zip_Code': '98101' + } + # html = get_inspection_page(**use_params) + html = load_inspection_page('inspection_page.html') + parsed = parse_source(html) + content_col = parsed.find("td", id="contentcol") + data_list = restaurant_data_generator(content_col) + print(data_list[0].prettify()) diff --git a/resources/session04/mashup_3.py b/resources/session04/mashup_3.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..79e46632 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session04/mashup_3.py @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +from bs4 import BeautifulSoup +import pathlib +import re +import requests + + +INSPECTION_DOMAIN = 'http://info.kingcounty.gov' +INSPECTION_PATH = '/health/ehs/foodsafety/inspections/Results.aspx' +INSPECTION_PARAMS = { + 'Output': 'W', + 'Business_Name': '', + 'Business_Address': '', + 'Longitude': '', + 'Latitude': '', + 'City': '', + 'Zip_Code': '', + 'Inspection_Type': 'All', + 'Inspection_Start': '', + 'Inspection_End': '', + 'Inspection_Closed_Business': 'A', + 'Violation_Points': '', + 'Violation_Red_Points': '', + 'Violation_Descr': '', + 'Fuzzy_Search': 'N', + 'Sort': 'H' +} + + +def get_inspection_page(**kwargs): + url = INSPECTION_DOMAIN + INSPECTION_PATH + params = INSPECTION_PARAMS.copy() + for key, val in kwargs.items(): + if key in INSPECTION_PARAMS: + params[key] = val + resp = requests.get(url, params=params) + resp.raise_for_status() + return resp.text + + +def parse_source(html): + parsed = BeautifulSoup(html) + return parsed + + +def load_inspection_page(name): + file_path = pathlib.Path(name) + return file_path.read_text(encoding='utf8') + + +def restaurant_data_generator(html): + id_finder = re.compile(r'PR[\d]+~') + return html.find_all('div', id=id_finder) + + +def has_two_tds(elem): + is_tr = elem.name == 'tr' + td_children = elem.find_all('td', recursive=False) + has_two = len(td_children) == 2 + return is_tr and has_two + + +def clean_data(td): + return td.text.strip(" \n:-") + + +def extract_restaurant_metadata(elem): + restaurant_data_rows = elem.find('tbody').find_all( + has_two_tds, recursive=False + ) + rdata = {} + current_label = '' + for data_row in restaurant_data_rows: + key_cell, val_cell = data_row.find_all('td', recursive=False) + new_label = clean_data(key_cell) + current_label = new_label if new_label else current_label + rdata.setdefault(current_label, []).append(clean_data(val_cell)) + return rdata + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + use_params = { + 'Inspection_Start': '2/1/2013', + 'Inspection_End': '2/1/2015', + 'Zip_Code': '98101' + } + # html = get_inspection_page(**use_params) + html = load_inspection_page('inspection_page.html') + parsed = parse_source(html) + content_col = parsed.find("td", id="contentcol") + data_list = restaurant_data_generator(content_col) + for data_div in data_list: + metadata = extract_restaurant_metadata(data_div) + print(metadata) diff --git a/resources/session04/mashup_4.py b/resources/session04/mashup_4.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ab5ebdd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session04/mashup_4.py @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +from bs4 import BeautifulSoup +import pathlib +import re +import requests + + +INSPECTION_DOMAIN = 'http://info.kingcounty.gov' +INSPECTION_PATH = '/health/ehs/foodsafety/inspections/Results.aspx' +INSPECTION_PARAMS = { + 'Output': 'W', + 'Business_Name': '', + 'Business_Address': '', + 'Longitude': '', + 'Latitude': '', + 'City': '', + 'Zip_Code': '', + 'Inspection_Type': 'All', + 'Inspection_Start': '', + 'Inspection_End': '', + 'Inspection_Closed_Business': 'A', + 'Violation_Points': '', + 'Violation_Red_Points': '', + 'Violation_Descr': '', + 'Fuzzy_Search': 'N', + 'Sort': 'H' +} + + +def get_inspection_page(**kwargs): + url = INSPECTION_DOMAIN + INSPECTION_PATH + params = INSPECTION_PARAMS.copy() + for key, val in kwargs.items(): + if key in INSPECTION_PARAMS: + params[key] = val + resp = requests.get(url, params=params) + resp.raise_for_status() + return resp.text + + +def parse_source(html): + parsed = BeautifulSoup(html) + return parsed + + +def load_inspection_page(name): + file_path = pathlib.Path(name) + return file_path.read_text(encoding='utf8') + + +def restaurant_data_generator(html): + id_finder = re.compile(r'PR[\d]+~') + return html.find_all('div', id=id_finder) + + +def has_two_tds(elem): + is_tr = elem.name == 'tr' + td_children = elem.find_all('td', recursive=False) + has_two = len(td_children) == 2 + return is_tr and has_two + + +def clean_data(td): + return td.text.strip(" \n:-") + + +def extract_restaurant_metadata(elem): + restaurant_data_rows = elem.find('tbody').find_all( + has_two_tds, recursive=False + ) + rdata = {} + current_label = '' + for data_row in restaurant_data_rows: + key_cell, val_cell = data_row.find_all('td', recursive=False) + new_label = clean_data(key_cell) + current_label = new_label if new_label else current_label + rdata.setdefault(current_label, []).append(clean_data(val_cell)) + return rdata + + +def is_inspection_data_row(elem): + is_tr = elem.name == 'tr' + if not is_tr: + return False + td_children = elem.find_all('td', recursive=False) + has_four = len(td_children) == 4 + this_text = clean_data(td_children[0]).lower() + contains_word = 'inspection' in this_text + does_not_start = not this_text.startswith('inspection') + return is_tr and has_four and contains_word and does_not_start + + +def get_score_data(elem): + inspection_rows = elem.find_all(is_inspection_data_row) + samples = len(inspection_rows) + total = 0 + high_score = 0 + average = 0 + for row in inspection_rows: + strval = clean_data(row.find_all('td')[2]) + try: + intval = int(strval) + except (ValueError, TypeError): + samples -= 1 + else: + total += intval + high_score = intval if intval > high_score else high_score + + if samples: + average = total/float(samples) + data = { + 'Average Score': average, + 'High Score': high_score, + 'Total Inspections': samples + } + return data + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + use_params = { + 'Inspection_Start': '2/1/2013', + 'Inspection_End': '2/1/2015', + 'Zip_Code': '98101' + } + # html = get_inspection_page(**use_params) + html = load_inspection_page('inspection_page.html') + parsed = parse_source(html) + content_col = parsed.find("td", id="contentcol") + data_list = restaurant_data_generator(content_col) + for data_div in data_list: + metadata = extract_restaurant_metadata(data_div) + inspection_data = get_score_data(data_div) + metadata.update(inspection_data) + print(metadata) diff --git a/resources/session04/mashup_5.py b/resources/session04/mashup_5.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..20f62b49 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session04/mashup_5.py @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ +from bs4 import BeautifulSoup +import geocoder +import json +import pathlib +import re +import requests + + +INSPECTION_DOMAIN = 'http://info.kingcounty.gov' +INSPECTION_PATH = '/health/ehs/foodsafety/inspections/Results.aspx' +INSPECTION_PARAMS = { + 'Output': 'W', + 'Business_Name': '', + 'Business_Address': '', + 'Longitude': '', + 'Latitude': '', + 'City': '', + 'Zip_Code': '', + 'Inspection_Type': 'All', + 'Inspection_Start': '', + 'Inspection_End': '', + 'Inspection_Closed_Business': 'A', + 'Violation_Points': '', + 'Violation_Red_Points': '', + 'Violation_Descr': '', + 'Fuzzy_Search': 'N', + 'Sort': 'H' +} + + +def get_inspection_page(**kwargs): + url = INSPECTION_DOMAIN + INSPECTION_PATH + params = INSPECTION_PARAMS.copy() + for key, val in kwargs.items(): + if key in INSPECTION_PARAMS: + params[key] = val + resp = requests.get(url, params=params) + resp.raise_for_status() + return resp.text + + +def parse_source(html): + parsed = BeautifulSoup(html) + return parsed + + +def load_inspection_page(name): + file_path = pathlib.Path(name) + return file_path.read_text(encoding='utf8') + + +def restaurant_data_generator(html): + id_finder = re.compile(r'PR[\d]+~') + return html.find_all('div', id=id_finder) + + +def has_two_tds(elem): + is_tr = elem.name == 'tr' + td_children = elem.find_all('td', recursive=False) + has_two = len(td_children) == 2 + return is_tr and has_two + + +def clean_data(td): + return td.text.strip(" \n:-") + + +def extract_restaurant_metadata(elem): + restaurant_data_rows = elem.find('tbody').find_all( + has_two_tds, recursive=False + ) + rdata = {} + current_label = '' + for data_row in restaurant_data_rows: + key_cell, val_cell = data_row.find_all('td', recursive=False) + new_label = clean_data(key_cell) + current_label = new_label if new_label else current_label + rdata.setdefault(current_label, []).append(clean_data(val_cell)) + return rdata + + +def is_inspection_data_row(elem): + is_tr = elem.name == 'tr' + if not is_tr: + return False + td_children = elem.find_all('td', recursive=False) + has_four = len(td_children) == 4 + this_text = clean_data(td_children[0]).lower() + contains_word = 'inspection' in this_text + does_not_start = not this_text.startswith('inspection') + return is_tr and has_four and contains_word and does_not_start + + +def get_score_data(elem): + inspection_rows = elem.find_all(is_inspection_data_row) + samples = len(inspection_rows) + total = 0 + high_score = 0 + average = 0 + for row in inspection_rows: + strval = clean_data(row.find_all('td')[2]) + try: + intval = int(strval) + except (ValueError, TypeError): + samples -= 1 + else: + total += intval + high_score = intval if intval > high_score else high_score + + if samples: + average = total/float(samples) + data = { + u'Average Score': average, + u'High Score': high_score, + u'Total Inspections': samples + } + return data + + +def result_generator(count): + use_params = { + 'Inspection_Start': '2/1/2013', + 'Inspection_End': '2/1/2015', + 'Zip_Code': '98101' + } + # html = get_inspection_page(**use_params) + html = load_inspection_page('inspection_page.html') + parsed = parse_source(html) + content_col = parsed.find("td", id="contentcol") + data_list = restaurant_data_generator(content_col) + for data_div in data_list[:count]: + metadata = extract_restaurant_metadata(data_div) + inspection_data = get_score_data(data_div) + metadata.update(inspection_data) + yield metadata + + +def get_geojson(result): + address = " ".join(result.get('Address', '')) + if not address: + return None + geocoded = geocoder.google(address) + geojson = geocoded.geojson + inspection_data = {} + use_keys = ( + 'Business Name', 'Average Score', 'Total Inspections', 'High Score' + ) + for key, val in result.items(): + if key not in use_keys: + continue + if isinstance(val, list): + val = " ".join(val) + inspection_data[key] = val + geojson['properties'] = inspection_data + return geojson + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + total_result = {'type': 'FeatureCollection', 'features': []} + for result in result_generator(10): + geojson = get_geojson(result) + total_result['features'].append(geojson) + with open('my_map.json', 'w') as fh: + json.dump(total_result, fh) diff --git a/resources/session06/__init__.py b/resources/session06/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..32e9cc81 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +from pyramid.config import Configurator +from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config + +from .models import ( + DBSession, + Base, + ) + + +def create_session(settings): + from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker + engine = engine_from_config(settings, 'sqlalchemy.') + Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) + return Session() + + +def main(global_config, **settings): + """ This function returns a Pyramid WSGI application. + """ + engine = engine_from_config(settings, 'sqlalchemy.') + DBSession.configure(bind=engine) + Base.metadata.bind = engine + config = Configurator(settings=settings) + config.include('pyramid_jinja2') + config.add_static_view('static', 'static', cache_max_age=3600) + config.add_route('home', '/') + config.add_route('detail', '/journal/{id:\d+}') + config.add_route('action', '/journal/{action}') + config.scan() + return config.make_wsgi_app() diff --git a/resources/session06/development.ini b/resources/session06/development.ini new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1139ff82 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/development.ini @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +### +# app configuration +# http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/1.5-branch/narr/environment.html +### + +[app:main] +use = egg:learning_journal + +pyramid.reload_templates = true +pyramid.debug_authorization = false +pyramid.debug_notfound = false +pyramid.debug_routematch = false +pyramid.default_locale_name = en +pyramid.includes = + pyramid_debugtoolbar + pyramid_tm + +sqlalchemy.url = sqlite:///%(here)s/learning_journal.sqlite + +# By default, the toolbar only appears for clients from IP addresses +# '127.0.0.1' and '::1'. +# debugtoolbar.hosts = 127.0.0.1 ::1 + + +[pshell] +create_session = learning_journal.create_session +Entry = learning_journal.models.Entry + +### +# wsgi server configuration +### + +[server:main] +use = egg:waitress#main +host = 0.0.0.0 +port = 6543 + +### +# logging configuration +# http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/1.5-branch/narr/logging.html +### + +[loggers] +keys = root, learning_journal, sqlalchemy + +[handlers] +keys = console + +[formatters] +keys = generic + +[logger_root] +level = INFO +handlers = console + +[logger_learning_journal] +level = DEBUG +handlers = +qualname = learning_journal + +[logger_sqlalchemy] +level = INFO +handlers = +qualname = sqlalchemy.engine +# "level = INFO" logs SQL queries. +# "level = DEBUG" logs SQL queries and results. +# "level = WARN" logs neither. (Recommended for production systems.) + +[handler_console] +class = StreamHandler +args = (sys.stderr,) +level = NOTSET +formatter = generic + +[formatter_generic] +format = %(asctime)s %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s][%(threadName)s] %(message)s diff --git a/resources/session06/forms.py b/resources/session06/forms.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..88d9d348 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/forms.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +from wtforms import ( + Form, + TextField, + TextAreaField, + validators, +) + +strip_filter = lambda x: x.strip() if x else None + + +class EntryCreateForm(Form): + title = TextField( + 'Entry title', + [validators.Length(min=1, max=255)], + filters=[strip_filter] + ) + body = TextAreaField( + 'Entry body', + [validators.Length(min=1)], + filters=[strip_filter] + ) diff --git a/resources/session06/layout.jinja2 b/resources/session06/layout.jinja2 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8dbff846 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/layout.jinja2 @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ + + + + + Python Learning Journal + + + + +
+ +
+
+

My Python Journal

+
+ {% block body %}{% endblock %} +
+
+
+

Created in the UW PCE Python Certificate Program

+
+ + diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/.gitignore b/resources/session06/learning_journal/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c7332211 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +*.pyc +.DS_Store +*.egg-info diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/CHANGES.txt b/resources/session06/learning_journal/CHANGES.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..35a34f33 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/CHANGES.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +0.0 +--- + +- Initial version diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/MANIFEST.in b/resources/session06/learning_journal/MANIFEST.in new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3a0de395 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/MANIFEST.in @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +include *.txt *.ini *.cfg *.rst +recursive-include learning_journal *.ico *.png *.css *.gif *.jpg *.pt *.txt *.mak *.mako *.js *.html *.xml diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/README.txt b/resources/session06/learning_journal/README.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f49a002c --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/README.txt @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +learning_journal README +================== + +Getting Started +--------------- + +- cd + +- $VENV/bin/python setup.py develop + +- $VENV/bin/initialize_learning_journal_db development.ini + +- $VENV/bin/pserve development.ini + diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/development.ini b/resources/session06/learning_journal/development.ini new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1139ff82 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/development.ini @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +### +# app configuration +# http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/1.5-branch/narr/environment.html +### + +[app:main] +use = egg:learning_journal + +pyramid.reload_templates = true +pyramid.debug_authorization = false +pyramid.debug_notfound = false +pyramid.debug_routematch = false +pyramid.default_locale_name = en +pyramid.includes = + pyramid_debugtoolbar + pyramid_tm + +sqlalchemy.url = sqlite:///%(here)s/learning_journal.sqlite + +# By default, the toolbar only appears for clients from IP addresses +# '127.0.0.1' and '::1'. +# debugtoolbar.hosts = 127.0.0.1 ::1 + + +[pshell] +create_session = learning_journal.create_session +Entry = learning_journal.models.Entry + +### +# wsgi server configuration +### + +[server:main] +use = egg:waitress#main +host = 0.0.0.0 +port = 6543 + +### +# logging configuration +# http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/1.5-branch/narr/logging.html +### + +[loggers] +keys = root, learning_journal, sqlalchemy + +[handlers] +keys = console + +[formatters] +keys = generic + +[logger_root] +level = INFO +handlers = console + +[logger_learning_journal] +level = DEBUG +handlers = +qualname = learning_journal + +[logger_sqlalchemy] +level = INFO +handlers = +qualname = sqlalchemy.engine +# "level = INFO" logs SQL queries. +# "level = DEBUG" logs SQL queries and results. +# "level = WARN" logs neither. (Recommended for production systems.) + +[handler_console] +class = StreamHandler +args = (sys.stderr,) +level = NOTSET +formatter = generic + +[formatter_generic] +format = %(asctime)s %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s][%(threadName)s] %(message)s diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/__init__.py b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..32e9cc81 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +from pyramid.config import Configurator +from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config + +from .models import ( + DBSession, + Base, + ) + + +def create_session(settings): + from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker + engine = engine_from_config(settings, 'sqlalchemy.') + Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) + return Session() + + +def main(global_config, **settings): + """ This function returns a Pyramid WSGI application. + """ + engine = engine_from_config(settings, 'sqlalchemy.') + DBSession.configure(bind=engine) + Base.metadata.bind = engine + config = Configurator(settings=settings) + config.include('pyramid_jinja2') + config.add_static_view('static', 'static', cache_max_age=3600) + config.add_route('home', '/') + config.add_route('detail', '/journal/{id:\d+}') + config.add_route('action', '/journal/{action}') + config.scan() + return config.make_wsgi_app() diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/forms.py b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/forms.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..88d9d348 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/forms.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +from wtforms import ( + Form, + TextField, + TextAreaField, + validators, +) + +strip_filter = lambda x: x.strip() if x else None + + +class EntryCreateForm(Form): + title = TextField( + 'Entry title', + [validators.Length(min=1, max=255)], + filters=[strip_filter] + ) + body = TextAreaField( + 'Entry body', + [validators.Length(min=1)], + filters=[strip_filter] + ) diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/models.py b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7afb0ddb --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +import datetime +from sqlalchemy import ( + Column, + DateTime, + Index, + Integer, + Text, + Unicode, + UnicodeText, + ) + +import sqlalchemy as sa +from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base + +from sqlalchemy.orm import ( + scoped_session, + sessionmaker, + ) + +from zope.sqlalchemy import ZopeTransactionExtension + +DBSession = scoped_session(sessionmaker(extension=ZopeTransactionExtension())) +Base = declarative_base() + + +class MyModel(Base): + __tablename__ = 'models' + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + name = Column(Text) + value = Column(Integer) + +Index('my_index', MyModel.name, unique=True, mysql_length=255) + + +class Entry(Base): + __tablename__ = 'entries' + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + title = Column(Unicode(255), unique=True, nullable=False) + body = Column(UnicodeText, default=u'') + created = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow) + edited = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow) + + @classmethod + def all(cls, session=None): + """return a query with all entries, ordered by creation date reversed + """ + if session is None: + session = DBSession + return session.query(cls).order_by(sa.desc(cls.created)).all() + + @classmethod + def by_id(cls, id, session=None): + """return a single entry identified by id + + If no entry exists with the provided id, return None + """ + if session is None: + session = DBSession + return session.query(cls).get(id) + + + + + diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/scripts/__init__.py b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/scripts/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5bb534f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/scripts/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# package diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/scripts/initializedb.py b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/scripts/initializedb.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7dfdece1 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/scripts/initializedb.py @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +import os +import sys +import transaction + +from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config + +from pyramid.paster import ( + get_appsettings, + setup_logging, + ) + +from pyramid.scripts.common import parse_vars + +from ..models import ( + DBSession, + MyModel, + Base, + ) + + +def usage(argv): + cmd = os.path.basename(argv[0]) + print('usage: %s [var=value]\n' + '(example: "%s development.ini")' % (cmd, cmd)) + sys.exit(1) + + +def main(argv=sys.argv): + if len(argv) < 2: + usage(argv) + config_uri = argv[1] + options = parse_vars(argv[2:]) + setup_logging(config_uri) + settings = get_appsettings(config_uri, options=options) + engine = engine_from_config(settings, 'sqlalchemy.') + DBSession.configure(bind=engine) + Base.metadata.create_all(engine) + with transaction.manager: + model = MyModel(name='one', value=1) + DBSession.add(model) diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/pyramid-16x16.png b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/pyramid-16x16.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..97920311 Binary files /dev/null and b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/pyramid-16x16.png differ diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/pyramid.png b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/pyramid.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4ab837be Binary files /dev/null and b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/pyramid.png differ diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/styles.css b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/styles.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..951ac84f --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/styles.css @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +body{ + color:#111; + padding:0; + margin:0; + background-color: #eee;} +header{ + margin:0; + padding:0 0.75em; + width:100%; + background: #222; + color: #ccc; + border-bottom: 3px solid #fff;} +header:after{ + content:""; + display:table; + clear:both;} +header a, +footer a{ + text-decoration:none} +header a:hover, +footer a:hover { + color:#fff; +} +header a:visited, +footer a:visited { + color:#eee; +} +header aside{ + float:right; + text-align:right; + padding-right:0.75em} +header ul{ + list-style:none; + list-style-type:none; + display:inline-block} +header ul li{ + margin:0 0.25em 0 0} +header ul li a{ + padding:0; + display:inline-block} +main{padding:0 0.75em 1em} +main:after{ + content:""; + display:table; + clear:both} +main article{ + margin-bottom:1em; + padding-left:0.5em} +main article h3{margin-top:0} +main article .entry_body{ + margin:0.5em} +main aside{float:right} +main aside .field{ + margin-bottom:1em} +main aside .field input, +main aside .field label, +main aside .field textarea{ + vertical-align:top} +main aside .field label{ + display:inline-block; + width:15%; + padding-top:2px} +main aside .field input, +main aside .field textarea{ + width:83%} +main aside .control_row input{ + margin-left:16%} +footer{ + padding: 1em 0.75em; + background: #222; + color: #ccc; + border-top: 3px solid #fff; + border-bottom: 3px solid #fff;} diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/theme.css b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/theme.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..228768e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/theme.css @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ +@import url(//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,600,700); +body { + font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; + font-weight: 300; + color: #ffffff; + background: #bc2131; +} +h1, +h2, +h3, +h4, +h5, +h6 { + font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; + font-weight: 300; +} +p { + font-weight: 300; +} +.font-normal { + font-weight: 400; +} +.font-semi-bold { + font-weight: 600; +} +.font-bold { + font-weight: 700; +} +.starter-template { + margin-top: 25px; +} +.starter-template .content { + margin-left: 10px; +} +.starter-template .content h1 { + margin-top: 10px; + font-size: 60px; +} +.starter-template .content h1 .smaller { + font-size: 40px; + color: #f2b7bd; +} +.starter-template .content .lead { + font-size: 25px; + color: #f2b7bd; +} +.starter-template .content .lead .font-normal { + color: #ffffff; +} +.starter-template .links { + float: right; + right: 0; + margin-top: 125px; +} +.starter-template .links ul { + display: block; + padding: 0; + margin: 0; +} +.starter-template .links ul li { + list-style: none; + display: inline; + margin: 0 10px; +} +.starter-template .links ul li:first-child { + margin-left: 0; +} +.starter-template .links ul li:last-child { + margin-right: 0; +} +.starter-template .links ul li.current-version { + color: #f2b7bd; + font-weight: 400; +} +.starter-template .links ul li a { + color: #ffffff; +} +.starter-template .links ul li a:hover { + text-decoration: underline; +} +.starter-template .links ul li .icon-muted { + color: #eb8b95; + margin-right: 5px; +} +.starter-template .links ul li:hover .icon-muted { + color: #ffffff; +} +.starter-template .copyright { + margin-top: 10px; + font-size: 0.9em; + color: #f2b7bd; + text-transform: lowercase; + float: right; + right: 0; +} +@media (max-width: 1199px) { + .starter-template .content h1 { + font-size: 45px; + } + .starter-template .content h1 .smaller { + font-size: 30px; + } + .starter-template .content .lead { + font-size: 20px; + } +} +@media (max-width: 991px) { + .starter-template { + margin-top: 0; + } + .starter-template .logo { + margin: 40px auto; + } + .starter-template .content { + margin-left: 0; + text-align: center; + } + .starter-template .content h1 { + margin-bottom: 20px; + } + .starter-template .links { + float: none; + text-align: center; + margin-top: 60px; + } + .starter-template .copyright { + float: none; + text-align: center; + } +} +@media (max-width: 767px) { + .starter-template .content h1 .smaller { + font-size: 25px; + display: block; + } + .starter-template .content .lead { + font-size: 16px; + } + .starter-template .links { + margin-top: 40px; + } + .starter-template .links ul li { + display: block; + margin: 0; + } + .starter-template .links ul li .icon-muted { + display: none; + } + .starter-template .copyright { + margin-top: 20px; + } +} diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/theme.min.css b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/theme.min.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2f924bcc --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/theme.min.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +@import url(//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,600,700);body{font-family:"Open Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;color:#fff;background:#bc2131}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-family:"Open Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300}p{font-weight:300}.font-normal{font-weight:400}.font-semi-bold{font-weight:600}.font-bold{font-weight:700}.starter-template{margin-top:250px}.starter-template .content{margin-left:10px}.starter-template .content h1{margin-top:10px;font-size:60px}.starter-template .content h1 .smaller{font-size:40px;color:#f2b7bd}.starter-template .content .lead{font-size:25px;color:#f2b7bd}.starter-template .content .lead .font-normal{color:#fff}.starter-template .links{float:right;right:0;margin-top:125px}.starter-template .links ul{display:block;padding:0;margin:0}.starter-template .links ul li{list-style:none;display:inline;margin:0 10px}.starter-template .links ul li:first-child{margin-left:0}.starter-template .links ul li:last-child{margin-right:0}.starter-template .links ul li.current-version{color:#f2b7bd;font-weight:400}.starter-template .links ul li a{color:#fff}.starter-template .links ul li a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.starter-template .links ul li .icon-muted{color:#eb8b95;margin-right:5px}.starter-template .links ul li:hover .icon-muted{color:#fff}.starter-template .copyright{margin-top:10px;font-size:.9em;color:#f2b7bd;text-transform:lowercase;float:right;right:0}@media (max-width:1199px){.starter-template .content h1{font-size:45px}.starter-template .content h1 .smaller{font-size:30px}.starter-template .content .lead{font-size:20px}}@media (max-width:991px){.starter-template{margin-top:0}.starter-template .logo{margin:40px auto}.starter-template .content{margin-left:0;text-align:center}.starter-template .content h1{margin-bottom:20px}.starter-template .links{float:none;text-align:center;margin-top:60px}.starter-template .copyright{float:none;text-align:center}}@media (max-width:767px){.starter-template .content h1 .smaller{font-size:25px;display:block}.starter-template .content .lead{font-size:16px}.starter-template .links{margin-top:40px}.starter-template .links ul li{display:block;margin:0}.starter-template .links ul li .icon-muted{display:none}.starter-template .copyright{margin-top:20px}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/detail.jinja2 b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/detail.jinja2 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..29d736f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/detail.jinja2 @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +{% extends "layout.jinja2" %} +{% block body %} +
+

{{ entry.title }}

+
+

{{ entry.body }}

+
+

Created {{entry.created}}

+
+

Go Back

+{% endblock %} diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/edit.jinja2 b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/edit.jinja2 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ebe0f6b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/edit.jinja2 @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +{% extends "templates/layout.jinja2" %} +{% block body %} +

Create a Journal Entry

+
+{% for field in form %} + {% if field.errors %} +
    + {% for error in field.errors %} +
  • {{ error }}
    • + {% endfor %} +
+ {% endif %} +

{{ field.label }}: {{ field }}

+{% endfor %} +

+
+{% endblock %} diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/layout.jinja2 b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/layout.jinja2 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a8b27afd --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/layout.jinja2 @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ + + + + + Python Learning Journal + + + + +
+ +
+
+

My Python Journal

+
+ {% block body %}{% endblock %} +
+
+
+

Created in the UW PCE Python Certificate Program

+
+ + diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/list.jinja2 b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/list.jinja2 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..09c835a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/list.jinja2 @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +{% extends "layout.jinja2" %} +{% block body %} +{% if entries %} +

Journal Entries

+ +{% else %} +

This journal is empty

+{% endif %} +

New Entry

+{% endblock %} diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/mytemplate.pt b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/mytemplate.pt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9e88dc4b --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/mytemplate.pt @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + Alchemy Scaffold for The Pyramid Web Framework + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Pyramid Alchemy scaffold

+

Welcome to ${project}, an application generated by
the Pyramid Web Framework 1.5.2.

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Copyright © Pylons Project +
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/tests.py b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4fc444a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +import unittest +import transaction + +from pyramid import testing + +from .models import DBSession + + +class TestMyViewSuccessCondition(unittest.TestCase): + def setUp(self): + self.config = testing.setUp() + from sqlalchemy import create_engine + engine = create_engine('sqlite://') + from .models import ( + Base, + MyModel, + ) + DBSession.configure(bind=engine) + Base.metadata.create_all(engine) + with transaction.manager: + model = MyModel(name='one', value=55) + DBSession.add(model) + + def tearDown(self): + DBSession.remove() + testing.tearDown() + + def test_passing_view(self): + from .views import my_view + request = testing.DummyRequest() + info = my_view(request) + self.assertEqual(info['one'].name, 'one') + self.assertEqual(info['project'], 'learning_journal') + + +class TestMyViewFailureCondition(unittest.TestCase): + def setUp(self): + self.config = testing.setUp() + from sqlalchemy import create_engine + engine = create_engine('sqlite://') + from .models import ( + Base, + MyModel, + ) + DBSession.configure(bind=engine) + + def tearDown(self): + DBSession.remove() + testing.tearDown() + + def test_failing_view(self): + from .views import my_view + request = testing.DummyRequest() + info = my_view(request) + self.assertEqual(info.status_int, 500) diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/views.py b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ad76afb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/learning_journal/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPFound, HTTPNotFound +from pyramid.view import view_config + +from .models import ( + DBSession, + MyModel, + Entry, + ) + +from .forms import EntryCreateForm + + +@view_config(route_name='home', renderer='templates/list.jinja2') +def index_page(request): + entries = Entry.all() + return {'entries': entries} + + +@view_config(route_name='detail', renderer='templates/detail.jinja2') +def view(request): + this_id = request.matchdict.get('id', -1) + entry = Entry.by_id(this_id) + if not entry: + return HTTPNotFound() + return {'entry': entry} + + +@view_config(route_name='action', match_param='action=create', + renderer='templates/edit.jinja2') +def create(request): + entry = Entry() + form = EntryCreateForm(request.POST) + if request.method == 'POST' and form.validate(): + form.populate_obj(entry) + DBSession.add(entry) + return HTTPFound(location=request.route_url('home')) + return {'form': form, 'action': request.matchdict.get('action')} + + +@view_config(route_name='action', match_param='action=edit', + renderer='string') +def update(request): + return 'edit page' diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/production.ini b/resources/session06/learning_journal/production.ini new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1db7a630 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/production.ini @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +### +# app configuration +# http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/1.5-branch/narr/environment.html +### + +[app:main] +use = egg:learning_journal + +pyramid.reload_templates = false +pyramid.debug_authorization = false +pyramid.debug_notfound = false +pyramid.debug_routematch = false +pyramid.default_locale_name = en +pyramid.includes = + pyramid_tm + +sqlalchemy.url = sqlite:///%(here)s/learning_journal.sqlite + +[server:main] +use = egg:waitress#main +host = 0.0.0.0 +port = 6543 + +### +# logging configuration +# http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/1.5-branch/narr/logging.html +### + +[loggers] +keys = root, learning_journal, sqlalchemy + +[handlers] +keys = console + +[formatters] +keys = generic + +[logger_root] +level = WARN +handlers = console + +[logger_learning_journal] +level = WARN +handlers = +qualname = learning_journal + +[logger_sqlalchemy] +level = WARN +handlers = +qualname = sqlalchemy.engine +# "level = INFO" logs SQL queries. +# "level = DEBUG" logs SQL queries and results. +# "level = WARN" logs neither. (Recommended for production systems.) + +[handler_console] +class = StreamHandler +args = (sys.stderr,) +level = NOTSET +formatter = generic + +[formatter_generic] +format = %(asctime)s %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s][%(threadName)s] %(message)s diff --git a/resources/session06/learning_journal/setup.py b/resources/session06/learning_journal/setup.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e4bb0bcd --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/learning_journal/setup.py @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +import os + +from setuptools import setup, find_packages + +here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)) +with open(os.path.join(here, 'README.txt')) as f: + README = f.read() +with open(os.path.join(here, 'CHANGES.txt')) as f: + CHANGES = f.read() + +requires = [ + 'pyramid', + 'pyramid_jinja2', + 'pyramid_debugtoolbar', + 'pyramid_tm', + 'SQLAlchemy', + 'transaction', + 'zope.sqlalchemy', + 'waitress', + 'wtforms', + ] + +setup(name='learning_journal', + version='0.0', + description='learning_journal', + long_description=README + '\n\n' + CHANGES, + classifiers=[ + "Programming Language :: Python", + "Framework :: Pyramid", + "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP", + "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI :: Application", + ], + author='', + author_email='', + url='', + keywords='web wsgi bfg pylons pyramid', + packages=find_packages(), + include_package_data=True, + zip_safe=False, + test_suite='learning_journal', + install_requires=requires, + entry_points="""\ + [paste.app_factory] + main = learning_journal:main + [console_scripts] + initialize_learning_journal_db = learning_journal.scripts.initializedb:main + """, + ) diff --git a/resources/session06/models.py b/resources/session06/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e87ac2c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +import datetime +from sqlalchemy import ( + Column, + DateTime, + Index, + Integer, + Text, + Unicode, + UnicodeText, + ) + +import sqlalchemy as sa +from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base + +from sqlalchemy.orm import ( + scoped_session, + sessionmaker, + ) + +from zope.sqlalchemy import ZopeTransactionExtension + +DBSession = scoped_session(sessionmaker(extension=ZopeTransactionExtension())) +Base = declarative_base() + + +class MyModel(Base): + __tablename__ = 'models' + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + name = Column(Text) + value = Column(Integer) + +Index('my_index', MyModel.name, unique=True, mysql_length=255) + + +class Entry(Base): + __tablename__ = 'entries' + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + title = Column(Unicode(255), unique=True, nullable=False) + body = Column(UnicodeText, default=u'') + created = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow) + edited = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow) + + @classmethod + def all(cls, session=None): + """return a query with all entries, ordered by creation date reversed + """ + if session is None: + session = DBSession + return session.query(cls).order_by(sa.desc(cls.created)).all() + + @classmethod + def by_id(cls, id, session=None): + """return a single entry identified by id + + If no entry exists with the provided id, return None + """ + if session is None: + session = DBSession + return session.query(cls).get(id) diff --git a/resources/session06/styles.css b/resources/session06/styles.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..951ac84f --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session06/styles.css @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +body{ + color:#111; + padding:0; + margin:0; + background-color: #eee;} +header{ + margin:0; + padding:0 0.75em; + width:100%; + background: #222; + color: #ccc; + border-bottom: 3px solid #fff;} +header:after{ + content:""; + display:table; + clear:both;} +header a, +footer a{ + text-decoration:none} +header a:hover, +footer a:hover { + color:#fff; +} +header a:visited, +footer a:visited { + color:#eee; +} +header aside{ + float:right; + text-align:right; + padding-right:0.75em} +header ul{ + list-style:none; + list-style-type:none; + display:inline-block} +header ul li{ + margin:0 0.25em 0 0} +header ul li a{ + padding:0; + display:inline-block} +main{padding:0 0.75em 1em} +main:after{ + content:""; + display:table; + clear:both} +main article{ + margin-bottom:1em; + padding-left:0.5em} +main article h3{margin-top:0} +main article .entry_body{ + margin:0.5em} +main aside{float:right} +main aside .field{ + margin-bottom:1em} +main aside .field input, +main aside .field label, +main aside .field textarea{ + vertical-align:top} +main aside .field label{ + display:inline-block; + width:15%; + padding-top:2px} +main aside .field input, +main aside .field textarea{ + width:83%} +main aside .control_row input{ + margin-left:16%} +footer{ + padding: 1em 0.75em; + background: #222; + color: #ccc; + border-top: 3px solid #fff; + border-bottom: 3px solid #fff;} diff --git a/resources/session07/detail.jinja2 b/resources/session07/detail.jinja2 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f80810d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/detail.jinja2 @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +{% extends "layout.jinja2" %} +{% block body %} +
+

{{ entry.title }}

+
+

{{ entry.body }}

+
+

Created {{entry.created}}

+
+

+ Go Back :: + + Edit Entry +

+{% endblock %} diff --git a/resources/session07/forms.py b/resources/session07/forms.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fad71bd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/forms.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from wtforms import ( + Form, + HiddenField, + TextField, + TextAreaField, + validators, +) + +strip_filter = lambda x: x.strip() if x else None + + +class EntryCreateForm(Form): + title = TextField( + 'Entry title', + [validators.Length(min=1, max=255)], + filters=[strip_filter] + ) + body = TextAreaField( + 'Entry body', + [validators.Length(min=1)], + filters=[strip_filter] + ) + + +class EntryEditForm(EntryCreateForm): + id = HiddenField() diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/.gitignore b/resources/session07/learning_journal/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2ffa3242 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.pyc +.DS_Store +*.egg-info +*.sqlite diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/CHANGES.txt b/resources/session07/learning_journal/CHANGES.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..35a34f33 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/CHANGES.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +0.0 +--- + +- Initial version diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/MANIFEST.in b/resources/session07/learning_journal/MANIFEST.in new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3a0de395 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/MANIFEST.in @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +include *.txt *.ini *.cfg *.rst +recursive-include learning_journal *.ico *.png *.css *.gif *.jpg *.pt *.txt *.mak *.mako *.js *.html *.xml diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/Procfile b/resources/session07/learning_journal/Procfile new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e6450506 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/Procfile @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +web: ./run diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/README.txt b/resources/session07/learning_journal/README.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f49a002c --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/README.txt @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +learning_journal README +================== + +Getting Started +--------------- + +- cd + +- $VENV/bin/python setup.py develop + +- $VENV/bin/initialize_learning_journal_db development.ini + +- $VENV/bin/pserve development.ini + diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/build_db b/resources/session07/learning_journal/build_db new file mode 100755 index 00000000..a912dc68 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/build_db @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +#!/bin/bash +python setup.py develop +initialize_learning_journal_db production.ini diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/development.ini b/resources/session07/learning_journal/development.ini new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f52e811f --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/development.ini @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +### +# app configuration +# http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/1.5-branch/narr/environment.html +### + +[app:main] +use = egg:learning_journal + +pyramid.reload_templates = true +pyramid.debug_authorization = false +pyramid.debug_notfound = false +pyramid.debug_routematch = false +pyramid.default_locale_name = en +pyramid.includes = + pyramid_debugtoolbar + pyramid_tm + +sqlalchemy.url = sqlite:///%(here)s/learning_journal.sqlite + +jinja2.filters = + markdown = learning_journal.views.render_markdown + +# By default, the toolbar only appears for clients from IP addresses +# '127.0.0.1' and '::1'. +# debugtoolbar.hosts = 127.0.0.1 ::1 + +[pshell] +create_session = learning_journal.create_session +Entry = learning_journal.models.Entry + +### +# wsgi server configuration +### + +[server:main] +use = egg:waitress#main +host = 0.0.0.0 +port = 6543 + +### +# logging configuration +# http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/1.5-branch/narr/logging.html +### + +[loggers] +keys = root, learning_journal, sqlalchemy + +[handlers] +keys = console + +[formatters] +keys = generic + +[logger_root] +level = INFO +handlers = console + +[logger_learning_journal] +level = DEBUG +handlers = +qualname = learning_journal + +[logger_sqlalchemy] +level = INFO +handlers = +qualname = sqlalchemy.engine +# "level = INFO" logs SQL queries. +# "level = DEBUG" logs SQL queries and results. +# "level = WARN" logs neither. (Recommended for production systems.) + +[handler_console] +class = StreamHandler +args = (sys.stderr,) +level = NOTSET +formatter = generic + +[formatter_generic] +format = %(asctime)s %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s][%(threadName)s] %(message)s diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/__init__.py b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6f51ba85 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +import os +from pyramid.authentication import AuthTktAuthenticationPolicy +from pyramid.authorization import ACLAuthorizationPolicy +from pyramid.config import Configurator +from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config + +from .models import ( + DBSession, + Base, + ) +from .security import EntryFactory + + +def create_session(settings): + from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker + engine = engine_from_config(settings, 'sqlalchemy.') + Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) + return Session() + + +def main(global_config, **settings): + """ This function returns a Pyramid WSGI application. + """ + if 'DATABASE_URL' in os.environ: + settings['sqlalchemy.url'] = os.environ['DATABASE_URL'] + engine = engine_from_config(settings, 'sqlalchemy.') + engine = engine_from_config(settings, 'sqlalchemy.') + DBSession.configure(bind=engine) + Base.metadata.bind = engine + secret = os.environ.get('AUTH_SECRET', 'somesecret') + config = Configurator( + settings=settings, + authentication_policy=AuthTktAuthenticationPolicy(secret), + authorization_policy=ACLAuthorizationPolicy(), + default_permission='view' + ) + config.include('pyramid_jinja2') + config.add_static_view('static', 'static', cache_max_age=3600) + config.add_route('home', '/', factory=EntryFactory) + config.add_route('detail', '/journal/{id:\d+}', factory=EntryFactory) + config.add_route('action', '/journal/{action}', factory=EntryFactory) + config.add_route('auth', '/sign/{action}', factory=EntryFactory) + config.scan() + return config.make_wsgi_app() diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/forms.py b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/forms.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..652c286b --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/forms.py @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +from wtforms import ( + Form, + HiddenField, + PasswordField, + TextField, + TextAreaField, + validators, +) + +strip_filter = lambda x: x.strip() if x else None + + +class EntryCreateForm(Form): + title = TextField( + 'Entry title', + [validators.Length(min=1, max=255)], + filters=[strip_filter] + ) + body = TextAreaField( + 'Entry body', + [validators.Length(min=1)], + filters=[strip_filter] + ) + + +class EntryEditForm(EntryCreateForm): + id = HiddenField() + + +class LoginForm(Form): + username = TextField('Username', [validators.Length(min=1, max=255)]) + password = PasswordField('Password', [validators.Length(min=1, max=255)]) diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/models.py b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6f2290c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +import datetime +from passlib.context import CryptContext +from sqlalchemy import ( + Column, + DateTime, + Index, + Integer, + Text, + Unicode, + UnicodeText, + ) + +import sqlalchemy as sa +from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base + +from sqlalchemy.orm import ( + scoped_session, + sessionmaker, + ) + +from zope.sqlalchemy import ZopeTransactionExtension + +DBSession = scoped_session(sessionmaker(extension=ZopeTransactionExtension())) +Base = declarative_base() + + +password_context = CryptContext(schemes=['pbkdf2_sha512']) + + +class MyModel(Base): + __tablename__ = 'models' + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + name = Column(Text) + value = Column(Integer) + +Index('my_index', MyModel.name, unique=True, mysql_length=255) + + +class Entry(Base): + __tablename__ = 'entries' + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + title = Column(Unicode(255), unique=True, nullable=False) + body = Column(UnicodeText, default=u'') + created = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow) + edited = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow) + + @classmethod + def all(cls, session=None): + """return a query with all entries, ordered by creation date reversed + """ + if session is None: + session = DBSession + return session.query(cls).order_by(sa.desc(cls.created)).all() + + @classmethod + def by_id(cls, id, session=None): + """return a single entry identified by id + + If no entry exists with the provided id, return None + """ + if session is None: + session = DBSession + return session.query(cls).get(id) + + +class User(Base): + __tablename__ = 'users' + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True) + name = Column(Unicode(255), unique=True, nullable=False) + password = Column(Unicode(255), nullable=False) + + @classmethod + def by_name(cls, name, session=None): + if session is None: + session = DBSession + return DBSession.query(cls).filter(cls.name == name).first() + + def verify_password(self, password): + return password_context.verify(password, self.password) diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/scripts/__init__.py b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/scripts/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5bb534f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/scripts/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# package diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/scripts/initializedb.py b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/scripts/initializedb.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a5dc7b20 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/scripts/initializedb.py @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +import os +import sys +import transaction + +from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config + +from pyramid.paster import ( + get_appsettings, + setup_logging, + ) + +from pyramid.scripts.common import parse_vars + +from ..models import ( + DBSession, + MyModel, + Base, + User, + password_context + ) + + +def usage(argv): + cmd = os.path.basename(argv[0]) + print('usage: %s [var=value]\n' + '(example: "%s development.ini")' % (cmd, cmd)) + sys.exit(1) + + +def main(argv=sys.argv): + if len(argv) < 2: + usage(argv) + config_uri = argv[1] + options = parse_vars(argv[2:]) + setup_logging(config_uri) + settings = get_appsettings(config_uri, options=options) + if 'DATABASE_URL' in os.environ: + settings['sqlalchemy.url'] = os.environ['DATABASE_URL'] + engine = engine_from_config(settings, 'sqlalchemy.') + DBSession.configure(bind=engine) + Base.metadata.create_all(engine) + with transaction.manager: + password = os.environ.get('ADMIN_PASSWORD', 'admin') + encrypted = password_context.encrypt(password) + admin = User(name=u'admin', password=encrypted) + DBSession.add(admin) diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/security.py b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/security.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2ee4d4eb --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/security.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +from pyramid.security import Allow, Everyone, Authenticated + + +class EntryFactory(object): + __acl__ = [ + (Allow, Everyone, 'view'), + (Allow, Authenticated, 'create'), + (Allow, Authenticated, 'edit'), + ] + + def __init__(self, request): + pass diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/pyramid-16x16.png b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/pyramid-16x16.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..97920311 Binary files /dev/null and b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/pyramid-16x16.png differ diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/pyramid.png b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/pyramid.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4ab837be Binary files /dev/null and b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/pyramid.png differ diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/styles.css b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/styles.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e9299ebd --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/styles.css @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +body{ + color:#111; + padding:0; + margin:0; + background-color: #eee;} +header{ + margin:0; + padding:0 0.75em; + width:100%; + background: #222; + color: #ccc; + border-bottom: 3px solid #fff;} +header:after{ + content:""; + display:table; + clear:both;} +header a, +footer a{ + text-decoration:none} +header a:hover, +footer a:hover { + color:#fff; +} +header a:visited, +footer a:visited { + color:#eee; +} +header aside{ + float:right; + text-align:right; + padding-right:0.75em} +header ul{ + list-style:none; + list-style-type:none; + display:inline-block} +header ul li{ + margin:0 0.25em 0 0} +header ul li a{ + padding:0; + display:inline-block} +main{padding:0 0.75em 1em} +main:after{ + content:""; + display:table; + clear:both} +main article{ + margin-bottom:1em; + padding-left:0.5em} +main article h3{margin-top:0} +main article .entry_body{ + margin:0.5em} +main aside{float:right} +main aside .field{ + margin-bottom:1em} +main aside .field input, +main aside .field label, +main aside .field textarea{ + vertical-align:top} +main aside .field label{ + display:inline-block; + width:15%; + padding-top:2px} +main aside .field input, +main aside .field textarea{ + width:83%} +main aside .control_row input{ + margin-left:16%} +footer{ + padding: 1em 0.75em; + background: #222; + color: #ccc; + border-top: 3px solid #fff; + border-bottom: 3px solid #fff;} +.codehilite {padding: 0.25em 1em;} +/* Pygments code hilight styles */ +.codehilite .hll { background-color: #ffffcc } +.codehilite { background: #ffffff; } +.codehilite .c { color: #888888 } /* Comment */ +.codehilite .err { color: #FF0000; background-color: #FFAAAA } /* Error */ +.codehilite .k { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */ +.codehilite .o { color: #333333 } /* Operator */ +.codehilite .cm { color: #888888 } /* Comment.Multiline */ +.codehilite .cp { color: #557799 } /* Comment.Preproc */ +.codehilite .c1 { color: #888888 } /* Comment.Single */ +.codehilite .cs { color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold } /* Comment.Special */ +.codehilite .gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */ +.codehilite .ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */ +.codehilite .gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */ +.codehilite .gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */ 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+.codehilite .na { color: #0000CC } /* Name.Attribute */ +.codehilite .nb { color: #007020 } /* Name.Builtin */ +.codehilite .nc { color: #BB0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */ +.codehilite .no { color: #003366; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Constant */ +.codehilite .nd { color: #555555; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Decorator */ +.codehilite .ni { color: #880000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */ +.codehilite .ne { color: #FF0000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */ +.codehilite .nf { color: #0066BB; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Function */ +.codehilite .nl { color: #997700; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Label */ +.codehilite .nn { color: #0e84b5; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */ +.codehilite .nt { color: #007700 } /* Name.Tag */ +.codehilite .nv { color: #996633 } /* Name.Variable */ +.codehilite .ow { color: #000000; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */ +.codehilite .w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */ +.codehilite .mb { color: #6600EE; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Bin */ +.codehilite .mf { color: #6600EE; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Float */ +.codehilite .mh { color: #005588; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Hex */ +.codehilite .mi { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Integer */ +.codehilite .mo { color: #4400EE; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Oct */ +.codehilite .sb { background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */ +.codehilite .sc { color: #0044DD } /* Literal.String.Char */ +.codehilite .sd { color: #DD4422 } /* Literal.String.Doc */ +.codehilite .s2 { background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Double */ +.codehilite .se { color: #666666; font-weight: bold; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Escape */ +.codehilite .sh { background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */ +.codehilite .si { background-color: #eeeeee } /* Literal.String.Interpol */ +.codehilite .sx { color: #DD2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Other */ +.codehilite .sr { color: #000000; background-color: #fff0ff } /* Literal.String.Regex */ +.codehilite .s1 { background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Single */ +.codehilite .ss { color: #AA6600 } /* Literal.String.Symbol */ +.codehilite .bp { color: #007020 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */ +.codehilite .vc { color: #336699 } /* Name.Variable.Class */ +.codehilite .vg { color: #dd7700; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Variable.Global */ +.codehilite .vi { color: #3333BB } /* Name.Variable.Instance */ +.codehilite .il { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */ diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/theme.css b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/theme.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..be50ad42 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/theme.css @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ +@import url(//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,600,700); +body { + font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; + font-weight: 300; + color: #ffffff; + background: #bc2131; +} +h1, +h2, +h3, +h4, +h5, +h6 { + font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; + font-weight: 300; +} +p { + font-weight: 300; +} +.font-normal { + font-weight: 400; +} +.font-semi-bold { + font-weight: 600; +} +.font-bold { + font-weight: 700; +} +.starter-template { + margin-top: 250px; +} +.starter-template .content { + margin-left: 10px; +} +.starter-template .content h1 { + margin-top: 10px; + font-size: 60px; +} +.starter-template .content h1 .smaller { + font-size: 40px; + color: #f2b7bd; +} +.starter-template .content .lead { + font-size: 25px; + color: #f2b7bd; +} +.starter-template .content .lead .font-normal { + color: #ffffff; +} +.starter-template .links { + float: right; + right: 0; + margin-top: 125px; +} +.starter-template .links ul { + display: block; + padding: 0; + margin: 0; +} +.starter-template .links ul li { + list-style: none; + display: inline; + margin: 0 10px; +} +.starter-template .links ul li:first-child { + margin-left: 0; +} +.starter-template .links ul li:last-child { + margin-right: 0; +} +.starter-template .links ul li.current-version { + color: #f2b7bd; + font-weight: 400; +} +.starter-template .links ul li a { + color: #ffffff; +} +.starter-template .links ul li a:hover { + text-decoration: underline; +} +.starter-template .links ul li .icon-muted { + color: #eb8b95; + margin-right: 5px; +} +.starter-template .links ul li:hover .icon-muted { + color: #ffffff; +} +.starter-template .copyright { + margin-top: 10px; + font-size: 0.9em; + color: #f2b7bd; + text-transform: lowercase; + float: right; + right: 0; +} +@media (max-width: 1199px) { + .starter-template .content h1 { + font-size: 45px; + } + .starter-template .content h1 .smaller { + font-size: 30px; + } + .starter-template .content .lead { + font-size: 20px; + } +} +@media (max-width: 991px) { + .starter-template { + margin-top: 0; + } + .starter-template .logo { + margin: 40px auto; + } + .starter-template .content { + margin-left: 0; + text-align: center; + } + .starter-template .content h1 { + margin-bottom: 20px; + } + .starter-template .links { + float: none; + text-align: center; + margin-top: 60px; + } + .starter-template .copyright { + float: none; + text-align: center; + } +} +@media (max-width: 767px) { + .starter-template .content h1 .smaller { + font-size: 25px; + display: block; + } + .starter-template .content .lead { + font-size: 16px; + } + .starter-template .links { + margin-top: 40px; + } + .starter-template .links ul li { + display: block; + margin: 0; + } + .starter-template .links ul li .icon-muted { + display: none; + } + .starter-template .copyright { + margin-top: 20px; + } +} diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/theme.min.css b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/theme.min.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2f924bcc --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/static/theme.min.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +@import url(//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,600,700);body{font-family:"Open Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;color:#fff;background:#bc2131}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-family:"Open Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300}p{font-weight:300}.font-normal{font-weight:400}.font-semi-bold{font-weight:600}.font-bold{font-weight:700}.starter-template{margin-top:250px}.starter-template .content{margin-left:10px}.starter-template .content h1{margin-top:10px;font-size:60px}.starter-template .content h1 .smaller{font-size:40px;color:#f2b7bd}.starter-template .content .lead{font-size:25px;color:#f2b7bd}.starter-template .content .lead .font-normal{color:#fff}.starter-template .links{float:right;right:0;margin-top:125px}.starter-template .links ul{display:block;padding:0;margin:0}.starter-template .links ul li{list-style:none;display:inline;margin:0 10px}.starter-template .links ul li:first-child{margin-left:0}.starter-template .links ul li:last-child{margin-right:0}.starter-template .links ul li.current-version{color:#f2b7bd;font-weight:400}.starter-template .links ul li a{color:#fff}.starter-template .links ul li a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.starter-template .links ul li .icon-muted{color:#eb8b95;margin-right:5px}.starter-template .links ul li:hover .icon-muted{color:#fff}.starter-template .copyright{margin-top:10px;font-size:.9em;color:#f2b7bd;text-transform:lowercase;float:right;right:0}@media (max-width:1199px){.starter-template .content h1{font-size:45px}.starter-template .content h1 .smaller{font-size:30px}.starter-template .content .lead{font-size:20px}}@media (max-width:991px){.starter-template{margin-top:0}.starter-template .logo{margin:40px auto}.starter-template .content{margin-left:0;text-align:center}.starter-template .content h1{margin-bottom:20px}.starter-template .links{float:none;text-align:center;margin-top:60px}.starter-template .copyright{float:none;text-align:center}}@media (max-width:767px){.starter-template .content h1 .smaller{font-size:25px;display:block}.starter-template .content .lead{font-size:16px}.starter-template .links{margin-top:40px}.starter-template .links ul li{display:block;margin:0}.starter-template .links ul li .icon-muted{display:none}.starter-template .copyright{margin-top:20px}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/detail.jinja2 b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/detail.jinja2 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8f966471 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/detail.jinja2 @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +{% extends "layout.jinja2" %} +{% block body %} +
+

{{ entry.title }}

+
+

{{ entry.body|markdown }}

+
+

Created {{entry.created}}

+
+

+ Go Back + {% if logged_in %} + :: + + Edit Entry + {% endif %} +

+{% endblock %} diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/edit.jinja2 b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/edit.jinja2 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ebe0f6b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/edit.jinja2 @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +{% extends "templates/layout.jinja2" %} +{% block body %} +

Create a Journal Entry

+
+{% for field in form %} + {% if field.errors %} +
    + {% for error in field.errors %} +
  • {{ error }}
    • + {% endfor %} +
+ {% endif %} +

{{ field.label }}: {{ field }}

+{% endfor %} +

+
+{% endblock %} diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/layout.jinja2 b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/layout.jinja2 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a8b27afd --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/layout.jinja2 @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ + + + + + Python Learning Journal + + + + +
+ +
+
+

My Python Journal

+
+ {% block body %}{% endblock %} +
+
+
+

Created in the UW PCE Python Certificate Program

+
+ + diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/list.jinja2 b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/list.jinja2 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7f1e4795 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/list.jinja2 @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +{% extends "layout.jinja2" %} +{% block body %} +{% if login_form %} + +{% endif %} +{% if entries %} +

Journal Entries

+ +{% else %} +

This journal is empty

+{% endif %} +{% if not login_form %} +

New Entry

+{% endif %} +{% endblock %} diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/mytemplate.pt b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/mytemplate.pt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9e88dc4b --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/templates/mytemplate.pt @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + Alchemy Scaffold for The Pyramid Web Framework + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Pyramid Alchemy scaffold

+

Welcome to ${project}, an application generated by
the Pyramid Web Framework 1.5.2.

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Copyright © Pylons Project +
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/tests.py b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4fc444a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +import unittest +import transaction + +from pyramid import testing + +from .models import DBSession + + +class TestMyViewSuccessCondition(unittest.TestCase): + def setUp(self): + self.config = testing.setUp() + from sqlalchemy import create_engine + engine = create_engine('sqlite://') + from .models import ( + Base, + MyModel, + ) + DBSession.configure(bind=engine) + Base.metadata.create_all(engine) + with transaction.manager: + model = MyModel(name='one', value=55) + DBSession.add(model) + + def tearDown(self): + DBSession.remove() + testing.tearDown() + + def test_passing_view(self): + from .views import my_view + request = testing.DummyRequest() + info = my_view(request) + self.assertEqual(info['one'].name, 'one') + self.assertEqual(info['project'], 'learning_journal') + + +class TestMyViewFailureCondition(unittest.TestCase): + def setUp(self): + self.config = testing.setUp() + from sqlalchemy import create_engine + engine = create_engine('sqlite://') + from .models import ( + Base, + MyModel, + ) + DBSession.configure(bind=engine) + + def tearDown(self): + DBSession.remove() + testing.tearDown() + + def test_failing_view(self): + from .views import my_view + request = testing.DummyRequest() + info = my_view(request) + self.assertEqual(info.status_int, 500) diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/views.py b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d6248a0b --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/learning_journal/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +from jinja2 import Markup +import markdown +from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPFound, HTTPNotFound +from pyramid.security import forget, remember, authenticated_userid +from pyramid.view import view_config + +from .models import ( + DBSession, + MyModel, + Entry, + User + ) + +from .forms import ( + EntryCreateForm, + EntryEditForm, + LoginForm +) + + +@view_config(route_name='home', renderer='templates/list.jinja2') +def index_page(request): + entries = Entry.all() + form = None + if not authenticated_userid(request): + form = LoginForm() + return {'entries': entries, 'login_form': form} + + +@view_config(route_name='detail', renderer='templates/detail.jinja2') +def view(request): + this_id = request.matchdict.get('id', -1) + entry = Entry.by_id(this_id) + if not entry: + return HTTPNotFound() + logged_in = authenticated_userid(request) + return {'entry': entry, 'logged_in': logged_in} + + +@view_config(route_name='action', match_param='action=create', + renderer='templates/edit.jinja2', + permission='create') +def create(request): + entry = Entry() + form = EntryCreateForm(request.POST) + if request.method == 'POST' and form.validate(): + form.populate_obj(entry) + DBSession.add(entry) + return HTTPFound(location=request.route_url('home')) + return {'form': form, 'action': request.matchdict.get('action')} + + +@view_config(route_name='action', match_param='action=edit', + renderer='templates/edit.jinja2', + permission='edit') +def update(request): + id = int(request.params.get('id', -1)) + entry = Entry.by_id(id) + if not entry: + return HTTPNotFound() + form = EntryEditForm(request.POST, entry) + if request.method == 'POST' and form.validate(): + form.populate_obj(entry) + return HTTPFound(location=request.route_url('detail', id=entry.id)) + return {'form': form, 'action': request.matchdict.get('action')} + + +@view_config(route_name='auth', match_param='action=in', renderer='string', + request_method='POST') +@view_config(route_name='auth', match_param='action=out', renderer='string') +def sign_in(request): + login_form = None + if request.method == 'POST': + login_form = LoginForm(request.POST) + if login_form and login_form.validate(): + user = User.by_name(login_form.username.data) + if user and user.verify_password(login_form.password.data): + headers = remember(request, user.name) + else: + headers = forget(request) + else: + headers = forget(request) + return HTTPFound(location=request.route_url('home'), + headers=headers) + + +def render_markdown(content): + output = Markup( + markdown.markdown( + content, + extensions=['codehilite(pygments_style=colorful)', 'fenced_code'] + ) + ) + return output diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/production.ini b/resources/session07/learning_journal/production.ini new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d203746a --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/production.ini @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +### +# app configuration +# http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/1.5-branch/narr/environment.html +### + +[app:main] +use = egg:learning_journal + + +pyramid.reload_templates = false +pyramid.debug_authorization = false +pyramid.debug_notfound = false +pyramid.debug_routematch = false +pyramid.default_locale_name = en +pyramid.includes = + pyramid_tm + +sqlalchemy.url = sqlite:///%(here)s/learning_journal.sqlite + +jinja2.filters = + markdown = learning_journal.views.render_markdown + +[server:main] +use = egg:waitress#main +host = 0.0.0.0 +port = 6543 + +### +# logging configuration +# http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/1.5-branch/narr/logging.html +### + +[loggers] +keys = root, learning_journal, sqlalchemy + +[handlers] +keys = console + +[formatters] +keys = generic + +[logger_root] +level = WARN +handlers = console + +[logger_learning_journal] +level = WARN +handlers = +qualname = learning_journal + +[logger_sqlalchemy] +level = WARN +handlers = +qualname = sqlalchemy.engine +# "level = INFO" logs SQL queries. +# "level = DEBUG" logs SQL queries and results. +# "level = WARN" logs neither. (Recommended for production systems.) + +[handler_console] +class = StreamHandler +args = (sys.stderr,) +level = NOTSET +formatter = generic + +[formatter_generic] +format = %(asctime)s %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s][%(threadName)s] %(message)s diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/requirements.txt b/resources/session07/learning_journal/requirements.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..871e054a --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/requirements.txt @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +appnope==0.1.0 +decorator==4.0.6 +ipython==4.0.1 +ipython-genutils==0.1.0 +Jinja2==2.8 +Mako==1.0.3 +Markdown==2.6.5 +MarkupSafe==0.23 +passlib==1.6.5 +PasteDeploy==1.5.2 +path.py==8.1.2 +pexpect==4.0.1 +pickleshare==0.5 +psycopg2==2.6.1 +ptyprocess==0.5 +Pygments==2.0.2 +pyramid==1.5.7 +pyramid-debugtoolbar==2.4.2 +pyramid-jinja2==2.5 +pyramid-mako==1.0.2 +pyramid-tm==0.12.1 +repoze.lru==0.6 +simplegeneric==0.8.1 +SQLAlchemy==1.0.11 +traitlets==4.0.0 +transaction==1.4.4 +translationstring==1.3 +venusian==1.0 +waitress==0.8.10 +WebOb==1.5.1 +WTForms==2.1 +zope.deprecation==4.1.2 +zope.interface==4.1.3 +zope.sqlalchemy==0.7.6 diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/run b/resources/session07/learning_journal/run new file mode 100755 index 00000000..3689ebe2 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/run @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +#!/bin/bash +python setup.py develop +python runapp.py diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/runapp.py b/resources/session07/learning_journal/runapp.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..df24540c --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/runapp.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +import os + +from paste.deploy import loadapp +from waitress import serve + +if __name__ == "__main__": + port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000)) + app = loadapp('config:production.ini', relative_to='.') + + serve(app, host='0.0.0.0', port=port) diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/runtime.txt b/resources/session07/learning_journal/runtime.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..294a23e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/runtime.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +python-3.5.0 diff --git a/resources/session07/learning_journal/setup.py b/resources/session07/learning_journal/setup.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f681f70b --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/learning_journal/setup.py @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +import os + +from setuptools import setup, find_packages + +here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)) +with open(os.path.join(here, 'README.txt')) as f: + README = f.read() +with open(os.path.join(here, 'CHANGES.txt')) as f: + CHANGES = f.read() + +requires = [ + 'pyramid', + 'pyramid_jinja2', + 'pyramid_debugtoolbar', + 'pyramid_tm', + 'SQLAlchemy', + 'transaction', + 'zope.sqlalchemy', + 'waitress', + 'wtforms', + 'passlib', + 'markdown', + 'pygments', + ] + +setup(name='learning_journal', + version='0.0', + description='learning_journal', + long_description=README + '\n\n' + CHANGES, + classifiers=[ + "Programming Language :: Python", + "Framework :: Pyramid", + "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP", + "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI :: Application", + ], + author='', + author_email='', + url='', + keywords='web wsgi bfg pylons pyramid', + packages=find_packages(), + include_package_data=True, + zip_safe=False, + test_suite='learning_journal', + install_requires=requires, + entry_points="""\ + [paste.app_factory] + main = learning_journal:main + [console_scripts] + initialize_learning_journal_db = learning_journal.scripts.initializedb:main + """, + ) diff --git a/resources/session07/models.py b/resources/session07/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a5625056 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +import datetime +from sqlalchemy import ( + Column, + DateTime, + Index, + Integer, + Text, + Unicode, + UnicodeText, + ) + +import sqlalchemy as sa +from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base + +from sqlalchemy.orm import ( + scoped_session, + sessionmaker, + ) + +from zope.sqlalchemy import ZopeTransactionExtension + +DBSession = scoped_session(sessionmaker(extension=ZopeTransactionExtension())) +Base = declarative_base() + + +class MyModel(Base): + __tablename__ = 'models' + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + name = Column(Text) + value = Column(Integer) + +Index('my_index', MyModel.name, unique=True, mysql_length=255) + + +class Entry(Base): + __tablename__ = 'entries' + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + title = Column(Unicode(255), unique=True, nullable=False) + body = Column(UnicodeText, default=u'') + created = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow) + edited = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow) + + @classmethod + def all(cls, session=None): + """return a query with all entries, ordered by creation date reversed + """ + if session is None: + session = DBSession + return session.query(cls).order_by(sa.desc(cls.created)).all() + + @classmethod + def by_id(cls, id, session=None): + """return a single entry identified by id + + If no entry exists with the provided id, return None + """ + if session is None: + session = DBSession + return session.query(cls).get(id) + + +class User(Base): + __tablename__ = 'users' + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True) + name = Column(Unicode(255), unique=True, nullable=False) + password = Column(Unicode(255), nullable=False) + + @classmethod + def by_name(cls, name, session=None): + if session is None: + session = DBSession + return DBSession.query(cls).filter(cls.name == name).first() diff --git a/resources/session07/views.py b/resources/session07/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..35e37963 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session07/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPFound, HTTPNotFound +from pyramid.view import view_config + +from .models import ( + DBSession, + MyModel, + Entry, + ) + +from .forms import ( + EntryCreateForm, + EntryEditForm, +) + + +@view_config(route_name='home', renderer='templates/list.jinja2') +def index_page(request): + entries = Entry.all() + return {'entries': entries} + + +@view_config(route_name='detail', renderer='templates/detail.jinja2') +def view(request): + this_id = request.matchdict.get('id', -1) + entry = Entry.by_id(this_id) + if not entry: + return HTTPNotFound() + return {'entry': entry} + + +@view_config(route_name='action', match_param='action=create', + renderer='templates/edit.jinja2') +def create(request): + entry = Entry() + form = EntryCreateForm(request.POST) + if request.method == 'POST' and form.validate(): + form.populate_obj(entry) + DBSession.add(entry) + return HTTPFound(location=request.route_url('home')) + return {'form': form, 'action': request.matchdict.get('action')} + + +@view_config(route_name='action', match_param='action=edit', + renderer='templates/edit.jinja2') +def update(request): + id = int(request.params.get('id', -1)) + entry = Entry.by_id(id) + if not entry: + return HTTPNotFound() + form = EntryEditForm(request.POST, entry) + if request.method == 'POST' and form.validate(): + form.populate_obj(entry) + return HTTPFound(location=request.route_url('detail', id=entry.id)) + return {'form': form, 'action': request.matchdict.get('action')} diff --git a/resources/session08/django_blog.css b/resources/session08/django_blog.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..45a882de --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/django_blog.css @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +body { + background-color: #eee; + color: #111; + font-family: "HelveticaNeue-Light", "Helvetica Neue Light", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Lucida Grande", sans-serif; + margin:0; + padding:0; +} +#container { + margin:0; + padding:0; + margin-top: 0px; +} +#header { + background-color: #333; + border-botton: 1px solid #111; + margin:0; + padding:0; +} +#control-bar { + margin: 0em 0em 1em; + list-style: none; + list-style-type: none; + text-align: right; + color: #eee; + font-size: 80%; + padding-bottom: 0.4em; +} +#control-bar li { + display: inline-block; +} +#control-bar li a { + color: #eee; + padding: 0.5em; + text-decoration: none; +} +#control-bar li a:hover { + color: #cce; +} +#content { + margin: 0em 1em 1em; +} + +ul#entries { + list-style: none; + list-style-type: none; +} +div.entry { + margin-right: 2em; + margin-top: 1em; + border-top: 1px solid #cecece; +} +ul#entries li:first-child div.entry { + border-top: none; + margin-top: 0em; +} +div.entry-body { + margin-left: 2em; +} +.notification { + float: right; + text-align: center; + width: 25%; + padding: 1em; +} +.info { + background-color: #aae; +} +ul.categories { + list-style: none; + list-style-type: none; +} +ul.categories li { + display: inline; +} diff --git a/resources/session08/myblog_test_fixture.json b/resources/session08/myblog_test_fixture.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bf5269e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/myblog_test_fixture.json @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +[ + { + "pk": 1, + "model": "auth.user", + "fields": { + "username": "admin", + "first_name": "Mr.", + "last_name": "Administrator", + "is_active": true, + "is_superuser": true, + "is_staff": true, + "last_login": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z", + "groups": [], + "user_permissions": [], + "password": "pbkdf2_sha256$10000$1rQazFNdOfFt$6aw/uIrv2uASkZ7moXMTajSN+ySYuowBnbP6ILNQntE=", + "email": "admin@example.com", + "date_joined": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z" + } + }, + { + "pk": 2, + "model": "auth.user", + "fields": { + "username": "noname", + "first_name": "", + "last_name": "", + "is_active": true, + "is_superuser": true, + "is_staff": true, + "last_login": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z", + "groups": [], + "user_permissions": [], + "password": "pbkdf2_sha256$10000$1rQazFNdOfFt$6aw/uIrv2uASkZ7moXMTajSN+ySYuowBnbP6ILNQntE=", + "email": "noname@example.com", + "date_joined": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z" + } + } +] diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/manage.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/manage.py new file mode 100755 index 00000000..8a50ec04 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/manage.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +import os +import sys + +if __name__ == "__main__": + os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings") + + from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line + + execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/__init__.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/admin.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..310e7294 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from django.contrib import admin + +from myblog.models import Category +from myblog.models import Post + + +admin.site.register(Category) +admin.site.register(Post) diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/apps.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/apps.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5e29c8d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/apps.py @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +from django.apps import AppConfig + + +class MyblogConfig(AppConfig): + name = 'myblog' diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/fixtures/myblog_test_fixture.json b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/fixtures/myblog_test_fixture.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bf5269e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/fixtures/myblog_test_fixture.json @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +[ + { + "pk": 1, + "model": "auth.user", + "fields": { + "username": "admin", + "first_name": "Mr.", + "last_name": "Administrator", + "is_active": true, + "is_superuser": true, + "is_staff": true, + "last_login": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z", + "groups": [], + "user_permissions": [], + "password": "pbkdf2_sha256$10000$1rQazFNdOfFt$6aw/uIrv2uASkZ7moXMTajSN+ySYuowBnbP6ILNQntE=", + "email": "admin@example.com", + "date_joined": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z" + } + }, + { + "pk": 2, + "model": "auth.user", + "fields": { + "username": "noname", + "first_name": "", + "last_name": "", + "is_active": true, + "is_superuser": true, + "is_staff": true, + "last_login": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z", + "groups": [], + "user_permissions": [], + "password": "pbkdf2_sha256$10000$1rQazFNdOfFt$6aw/uIrv2uASkZ7moXMTajSN+ySYuowBnbP6ILNQntE=", + "email": "noname@example.com", + "date_joined": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z" + } + } +] diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/migrations/0001_initial.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/migrations/0001_initial.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..18d659f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/migrations/0001_initial.py @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# Generated by Django 1.9 on 2015-12-31 19:13 +from __future__ import unicode_literals + +from django.conf import settings +from django.db import migrations, models +import django.db.models.deletion + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + initial = True + + dependencies = [ + migrations.swappable_dependency(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL), + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Post', + fields=[ + ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('title', models.CharField(max_length=128)), + ('text', models.TextField(blank=True)), + ('created_date', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)), + ('modified_date', models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)), + ('published_date', models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)), + ('author', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)), + ], + ), + ] diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/migrations/0002_category.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/migrations/0002_category.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..218b1052 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/migrations/0002_category.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# Generated by Django 1.9 on 2015-12-31 21:40 +from __future__ import unicode_literals + +from django.db import migrations, models + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + dependencies = [ + ('myblog', '0001_initial'), + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Category', + fields=[ + ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('name', models.CharField(max_length=128)), + ('description', models.TextField(blank=True)), + ('posts', models.ManyToManyField(blank=True, related_name='categories', to='myblog.Post')), + ], + ), + ] diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/migrations/__init__.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/models.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cef1beac --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from django.db import models +from django.contrib.auth.models import User + + +class Post(models.Model): + title = models.CharField(max_length=128) + text = models.TextField(blank=True) + author = models.ForeignKey(User) + created_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) + modified_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) + published_date = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True) + + def __str__(self): + return self.title + + +class Category(models.Model): + name = models.CharField(max_length=128) + description = models.TextField(blank=True) + posts = models.ManyToManyField( + Post, + blank=True, + related_name='categories' + ) + + def __str__(self): + return self.name diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/tests.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..308dd6f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from django.test import TestCase +from django.contrib.auth.models import User + +from myblog.models import Category +from myblog.models import Post + + +class PostTestCase(TestCase): + fixtures = ['myblog_test_fixture.json'] + + def setUp(self): + self.user = User.objects.get(pk=1) + + def test_string_representation(self): + expected = "This is a title" + p1 = Post(title=expected) + actual = str(p1) + self.assertEqual(expected, actual) + + +class CategoryTestCase(TestCase): + + def test_string_representation(self): + expected = "A Category" + c1 = Category(name=expected) + actual = str(c1) + self.assertEqual(expected, actual) diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/views.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..91ea44a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/myblog/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.shortcuts import render + +# Create your views here. diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/mysite/__init__.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/mysite/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/mysite/settings.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/mysite/settings.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3753c661 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/mysite/settings.py @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +""" +Django settings for mysite project. + +Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.9. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/settings/ + +For the full list of settings and their values, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/ +""" + +import os + +# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...) +BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) + + +# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production +# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/deployment/checklist/ + +# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! +SECRET_KEY = 'i=n^tc%@@gq#8ev6dlymy9+-%@^f!q54sjf0rvikt_k5bl(t1=' + +# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! +DEBUG = True + +ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] + + +# Application definition + +INSTALLED_APPS = [ + 'django.contrib.admin', + 'django.contrib.auth', + 'django.contrib.contenttypes', + 'django.contrib.sessions', + 'django.contrib.messages', + 'django.contrib.staticfiles', + 'myblog', +] + +MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [ + 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', +] + +ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls' + +TEMPLATES = [ + { + 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', + 'DIRS': [], + 'APP_DIRS': True, + 'OPTIONS': { + 'context_processors': [ + 'django.template.context_processors.debug', + 'django.template.context_processors.request', + 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', + 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', + ], + }, + }, +] + +WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application' + + +# Database +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#databases + +DATABASES = { + 'default': { + 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', + 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'), + } +} + + +# Password validation +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators + +AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', + }, +] + + +# Internationalization +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/i18n/ + +LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' + +TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' + +USE_I18N = True + +USE_L10N = True + +USE_TZ = True + + +# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/static-files/ + +STATIC_URL = '/static/' diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/mysite/urls.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/mysite/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..40cce1f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/mysite/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +"""mysite URL Configuration + +The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: + https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/http/urls/ +Examples: +Function views + 1. Add an import: from my_app import views + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home') +Class-based views + 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home') +Including another URLconf + 1. Add an import: from blog import urls as blog_urls + 2. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include + 3. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include(blog_urls)) +""" +from django.conf.urls import url +from django.contrib import admin + +urlpatterns = [ + url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), +] diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/mysite/wsgi.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/mysite/wsgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..328bae0f --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_1/mysite/wsgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +WSGI config for mysite project. + +It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/deployment/wsgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings") + +application = get_wsgi_application() diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/manage.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/manage.py new file mode 100755 index 00000000..8a50ec04 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/manage.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +import os +import sys + +if __name__ == "__main__": + os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings") + + from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line + + execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/__init__.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/admin.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..310e7294 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from django.contrib import admin + +from myblog.models import Category +from myblog.models import Post + + +admin.site.register(Category) +admin.site.register(Post) diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/apps.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/apps.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5e29c8d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/apps.py @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +from django.apps import AppConfig + + +class MyblogConfig(AppConfig): + name = 'myblog' diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/fixtures/myblog_test_fixture.json b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/fixtures/myblog_test_fixture.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bf5269e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/fixtures/myblog_test_fixture.json @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +[ + { + "pk": 1, + "model": "auth.user", + "fields": { + "username": "admin", + "first_name": "Mr.", + "last_name": "Administrator", + "is_active": true, + "is_superuser": true, + "is_staff": true, + "last_login": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z", + "groups": [], + "user_permissions": [], + "password": "pbkdf2_sha256$10000$1rQazFNdOfFt$6aw/uIrv2uASkZ7moXMTajSN+ySYuowBnbP6ILNQntE=", + "email": "admin@example.com", + "date_joined": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z" + } + }, + { + "pk": 2, + "model": "auth.user", + "fields": { + "username": "noname", + "first_name": "", + "last_name": "", + "is_active": true, + "is_superuser": true, + "is_staff": true, + "last_login": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z", + "groups": [], + "user_permissions": [], + "password": "pbkdf2_sha256$10000$1rQazFNdOfFt$6aw/uIrv2uASkZ7moXMTajSN+ySYuowBnbP6ILNQntE=", + "email": "noname@example.com", + "date_joined": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z" + } + } +] diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/migrations/0001_initial.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/migrations/0001_initial.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..18d659f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/migrations/0001_initial.py @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# Generated by Django 1.9 on 2015-12-31 19:13 +from __future__ import unicode_literals + +from django.conf import settings +from django.db import migrations, models +import django.db.models.deletion + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + initial = True + + dependencies = [ + migrations.swappable_dependency(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL), + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Post', + fields=[ + ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('title', models.CharField(max_length=128)), + ('text', models.TextField(blank=True)), + ('created_date', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)), + ('modified_date', models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)), + ('published_date', models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)), + ('author', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)), + ], + ), + ] diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/migrations/0002_category.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/migrations/0002_category.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..218b1052 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/migrations/0002_category.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# Generated by Django 1.9 on 2015-12-31 21:40 +from __future__ import unicode_literals + +from django.db import migrations, models + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + dependencies = [ + ('myblog', '0001_initial'), + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Category', + fields=[ + ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('name', models.CharField(max_length=128)), + ('description', models.TextField(blank=True)), + ('posts', models.ManyToManyField(blank=True, related_name='categories', to='myblog.Post')), + ], + ), + ] diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/migrations/__init__.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/models.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cef1beac --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from django.db import models +from django.contrib.auth.models import User + + +class Post(models.Model): + title = models.CharField(max_length=128) + text = models.TextField(blank=True) + author = models.ForeignKey(User) + created_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) + modified_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) + published_date = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True) + + def __str__(self): + return self.title + + +class Category(models.Model): + name = models.CharField(max_length=128) + description = models.TextField(blank=True) + posts = models.ManyToManyField( + Post, + blank=True, + related_name='categories' + ) + + def __str__(self): + return self.name diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/templates/list.html b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/templates/list.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e21bc51c --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/templates/list.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +{% extends "base.html" %} + +{% block content %} +

Recent Posts

+ + {% comment %} here is where the query happens {% endcomment %} + {% for post in posts %} +
+

{{ post }}

+

+ Posted by {{ post.author_name }} — {{ post.published_date }} +

+
+ {{ post.text }} +
+
    + {% for category in post.categories.all %} +
  • {{ category }}
    • + {% endfor %} +
+
+ {% endfor %} +{% endblock %} diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/tests.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d9418619 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +import datetime +from django.contrib.auth.models import User +from django.test import TestCase +from django.utils.timezone import utc + +from myblog.models import Category +from myblog.models import Post + + +class PostTestCase(TestCase): + fixtures = ['myblog_test_fixture.json'] + + def setUp(self): + self.user = User.objects.get(pk=1) + + def test_string_representation(self): + expected = "This is a title" + p1 = Post(title=expected) + actual = str(p1) + self.assertEqual(expected, actual) + + +class CategoryTestCase(TestCase): + + def test_string_representation(self): + expected = "A Category" + c1 = Category(name=expected) + actual = str(c1) + self.assertEqual(expected, actual) + + +class FrontEndTestCase(TestCase): + """test views provided in the front-end""" + fixtures = ['myblog_test_fixture.json', ] + + def setUp(self): + self.now = datetime.datetime.utcnow().replace(tzinfo=utc) + self.timedelta = datetime.timedelta(15) + author = User.objects.get(pk=1) + for count in range(1, 11): + post = Post(title="Post %d Title" % count, + text="foo", + author=author) + if count < 6: + # publish the first five posts + pubdate = self.now - self.timedelta * count + post.published_date = pubdate + post.save() + + def test_list_only_published(self): + resp = self.client.get('/') + # the content of the rendered response is always a bytestring + resp_text = resp.content.decode(resp.charset) + self.assertTrue("Recent Posts" in resp_text) + for count in range(1, 11): + title = "Post %d Title" % count + if count < 6: + self.assertContains(resp, title, count=1) + else: + self.assertNotContains(resp, title) diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/urls.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8428ffe4 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from django.conf.urls import url + +from myblog.views import stub_view +from myblog.views import list_view + + +urlpatterns = [ + url(r'^$', + list_view, + name="blog_index"), + url(r'^posts/(?P\d+)/$', + stub_view, + name='blog_detail'), +] diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/views.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ab45c18b --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/myblog/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect, Http404 +from django.shortcuts import render +from django.template import RequestContext, loader + +from myblog.models import Post + + +def stub_view(request, *args, **kwargs): + body = "Stub View\n\n" + if args: + body += "Args:\n" + body += "\n".join(["\t%s" % a for a in args]) + if kwargs: + body += "Kwargs:\n" + body += "\n".join(["\t%s: %s" % i for i in kwargs.items()]) + return HttpResponse(body, content_type="text/plain") + + +def list_view(request): + published = Post.objects.exclude(published_date__exact=None) + posts = published.order_by('-published_date') + context = {'posts': posts} + return render(request, 'list.html', context) diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/mysite/__init__.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/mysite/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/mysite/settings.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/mysite/settings.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e81fb826 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/mysite/settings.py @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +""" +Django settings for mysite project. + +Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.9. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/settings/ + +For the full list of settings and their values, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/ +""" + +import os + +# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...) +BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) + + +# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production +# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/deployment/checklist/ + +# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! +SECRET_KEY = 'i=n^tc%@@gq#8ev6dlymy9+-%@^f!q54sjf0rvikt_k5bl(t1=' + +# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! +DEBUG = True + +ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] + + +# Application definition + +INSTALLED_APPS = [ + 'django.contrib.admin', + 'django.contrib.auth', + 'django.contrib.contenttypes', + 'django.contrib.sessions', + 'django.contrib.messages', + 'django.contrib.staticfiles', + 'myblog', +] + +MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [ + 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', +] + +ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls' + +TEMPLATES = [ + { + 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', + 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'mysite/templates')], + 'APP_DIRS': True, + 'OPTIONS': { + 'context_processors': [ + 'django.template.context_processors.debug', + 'django.template.context_processors.request', + 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', + 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', + ], + }, + }, +] + +WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application' + + +# Database +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#databases + +DATABASES = { + 'default': { + 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', + 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'), + } +} + + +# Password validation +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators + +AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', + }, +] + + +# Internationalization +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/i18n/ + +LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' + +TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' + +USE_I18N = True + +USE_L10N = True + +USE_TZ = True + + +# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/static-files/ + +STATIC_URL = '/static/' diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/mysite/templates/base.html b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/mysite/templates/base.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2eacafa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/mysite/templates/base.html @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + + + + My Django Blog + + +
+
+ {% block content %} + [content will go here] + {% endblock %} +
+
+ + diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/mysite/urls.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/mysite/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bf31d5d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/mysite/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +"""mysite URL Configuration + +The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: + https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/http/urls/ +Examples: +Function views + 1. Add an import: from my_app import views + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home') +Class-based views + 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home') +Including another URLconf + 1. Add an import: from blog import urls as blog_urls + 2. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include + 3. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include(blog_urls)) +""" +from django.conf.urls import url +from django.conf.urls import include +from django.contrib import admin + +urlpatterns = [ + url(r'^', include('myblog.urls')), + url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), +] diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/mysite/wsgi.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/mysite/wsgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..328bae0f --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_2/mysite/wsgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +WSGI config for mysite project. + +It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/deployment/wsgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings") + +application = get_wsgi_application() diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/manage.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/manage.py new file mode 100755 index 00000000..8a50ec04 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/manage.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +import os +import sys + +if __name__ == "__main__": + os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings") + + from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line + + execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/__init__.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/admin.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..310e7294 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from django.contrib import admin + +from myblog.models import Category +from myblog.models import Post + + +admin.site.register(Category) +admin.site.register(Post) diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/apps.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/apps.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5e29c8d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/apps.py @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +from django.apps import AppConfig + + +class MyblogConfig(AppConfig): + name = 'myblog' diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/fixtures/myblog_test_fixture.json b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/fixtures/myblog_test_fixture.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bf5269e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/fixtures/myblog_test_fixture.json @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +[ + { + "pk": 1, + "model": "auth.user", + "fields": { + "username": "admin", + "first_name": "Mr.", + "last_name": "Administrator", + "is_active": true, + "is_superuser": true, + "is_staff": true, + "last_login": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z", + "groups": [], + "user_permissions": [], + "password": "pbkdf2_sha256$10000$1rQazFNdOfFt$6aw/uIrv2uASkZ7moXMTajSN+ySYuowBnbP6ILNQntE=", + "email": "admin@example.com", + "date_joined": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z" + } + }, + { + "pk": 2, + "model": "auth.user", + "fields": { + "username": "noname", + "first_name": "", + "last_name": "", + "is_active": true, + "is_superuser": true, + "is_staff": true, + "last_login": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z", + "groups": [], + "user_permissions": [], + "password": "pbkdf2_sha256$10000$1rQazFNdOfFt$6aw/uIrv2uASkZ7moXMTajSN+ySYuowBnbP6ILNQntE=", + "email": "noname@example.com", + "date_joined": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z" + } + } +] diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/migrations/0001_initial.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/migrations/0001_initial.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..18d659f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/migrations/0001_initial.py @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# Generated by Django 1.9 on 2015-12-31 19:13 +from __future__ import unicode_literals + +from django.conf import settings +from django.db import migrations, models +import django.db.models.deletion + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + initial = True + + dependencies = [ + migrations.swappable_dependency(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL), + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Post', + fields=[ + ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('title', models.CharField(max_length=128)), + ('text', models.TextField(blank=True)), + ('created_date', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)), + ('modified_date', models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)), + ('published_date', models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)), + ('author', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)), + ], + ), + ] diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/migrations/0002_category.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/migrations/0002_category.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..218b1052 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/migrations/0002_category.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# Generated by Django 1.9 on 2015-12-31 21:40 +from __future__ import unicode_literals + +from django.db import migrations, models + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + dependencies = [ + ('myblog', '0001_initial'), + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Category', + fields=[ + ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('name', models.CharField(max_length=128)), + ('description', models.TextField(blank=True)), + ('posts', models.ManyToManyField(blank=True, related_name='categories', to='myblog.Post')), + ], + ), + ] diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/migrations/__init__.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/models.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cef1beac --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from django.db import models +from django.contrib.auth.models import User + + +class Post(models.Model): + title = models.CharField(max_length=128) + text = models.TextField(blank=True) + author = models.ForeignKey(User) + created_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) + modified_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) + published_date = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True) + + def __str__(self): + return self.title + + +class Category(models.Model): + name = models.CharField(max_length=128) + description = models.TextField(blank=True) + posts = models.ManyToManyField( + Post, + blank=True, + related_name='categories' + ) + + def __str__(self): + return self.name diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/static/django_blog.css b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/static/django_blog.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..45a882de --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/static/django_blog.css @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +body { + background-color: #eee; + color: #111; + font-family: "HelveticaNeue-Light", "Helvetica Neue Light", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Lucida Grande", sans-serif; + margin:0; + padding:0; +} +#container { + margin:0; + padding:0; + margin-top: 0px; +} +#header { + background-color: #333; + border-botton: 1px solid #111; + margin:0; + padding:0; +} +#control-bar { + margin: 0em 0em 1em; + list-style: none; + list-style-type: none; + text-align: right; + color: #eee; + font-size: 80%; + padding-bottom: 0.4em; +} +#control-bar li { + display: inline-block; +} +#control-bar li a { + color: #eee; + padding: 0.5em; + text-decoration: none; +} +#control-bar li a:hover { + color: #cce; +} +#content { + margin: 0em 1em 1em; +} + +ul#entries { + list-style: none; + list-style-type: none; +} +div.entry { + margin-right: 2em; + margin-top: 1em; + border-top: 1px solid #cecece; +} +ul#entries li:first-child div.entry { + border-top: none; + margin-top: 0em; +} +div.entry-body { + margin-left: 2em; +} +.notification { + float: right; + text-align: center; + width: 25%; + padding: 1em; +} +.info { + background-color: #aae; +} +ul.categories { + list-style: none; + list-style-type: none; +} +ul.categories li { + display: inline; +} diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/templates/detail.html b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/templates/detail.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cd0322ff --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/templates/detail.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +{% extends "base.html" %} + +{% block content %} +Home +

{{ post }}

+

+ Posted by {{ post.author_name }} — {{ post.published_date }} +

+
+ {{ post.text }} +
+
    + {% for category in post.categories.all %} +
  • {{ category }}
    • + {% endfor %} +
+{% endblock %} diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/templates/list.html b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/templates/list.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..88920817 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/templates/list.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +{% extends "base.html" %} + +{% block content %} +

Recent Posts

+ + {% comment %} here is where the query happens {% endcomment %} + {% for post in posts %} +
+

+ {{ post }} +

+

+ Posted by {{ post.author_name }} — {{ post.published_date }} +

+
+ {{ post.text }} +
+
    + {% for category in post.categories.all %} +
  • {{ category }}
    • + {% endfor %} +
+
+ {% endfor %} +{% endblock %} diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/tests.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c4f547bd --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +import datetime +from django.contrib.auth.models import User +from django.test import TestCase +from django.utils.timezone import utc + +from myblog.models import Category +from myblog.models import Post + + +class PostTestCase(TestCase): + fixtures = ['myblog_test_fixture.json'] + + def setUp(self): + self.user = User.objects.get(pk=1) + + def test_string_representation(self): + expected = "This is a title" + p1 = Post(title=expected) + actual = str(p1) + self.assertEqual(expected, actual) + + +class CategoryTestCase(TestCase): + + def test_string_representation(self): + expected = "A Category" + c1 = Category(name=expected) + actual = str(c1) + self.assertEqual(expected, actual) + + +class FrontEndTestCase(TestCase): + """test views provided in the front-end""" + fixtures = ['myblog_test_fixture.json', ] + + def setUp(self): + self.now = datetime.datetime.utcnow().replace(tzinfo=utc) + self.timedelta = datetime.timedelta(15) + author = User.objects.get(pk=1) + for count in range(1, 11): + post = Post(title="Post %d Title" % count, + text="foo", + author=author) + if count < 6: + # publish the first five posts + pubdate = self.now - self.timedelta * count + post.published_date = pubdate + post.save() + + def test_list_only_published(self): + resp = self.client.get('/') + # the content of the rendered response is always a bytestring + resp_text = resp.content.decode(resp.charset) + self.assertTrue("Recent Posts" in resp_text) + for count in range(1, 11): + title = "Post %d Title" % count + if count < 6: + self.assertContains(resp, title, count=1) + else: + self.assertNotContains(resp, title) + + def test_details_only_published(self): + for count in range(1, 11): + title = "Post %d Title" % count + post = Post.objects.get(title=title) + resp = self.client.get('/posts/%d/' % post.pk) + if count < 6: + self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, 200) + self.assertContains(resp, title) + else: + self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, 404) diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/urls.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5caacf17 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from django.conf.urls import url + +from myblog.views import stub_view +from myblog.views import list_view +from myblog.views import detail_view + + +urlpatterns = [ + url(r'^$', + list_view, + name="blog_index"), + url(r'^posts/(?P\d+)/$', + detail_view, + name='blog_detail'), +] diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/views.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c1e8c41a --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/myblog/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect, Http404 +from django.shortcuts import render +from django.template import RequestContext, loader + +from myblog.models import Post + + +def stub_view(request, *args, **kwargs): + body = "Stub View\n\n" + if args: + body += "Args:\n" + body += "\n".join(["\t%s" % a for a in args]) + if kwargs: + body += "Kwargs:\n" + body += "\n".join(["\t%s: %s" % i for i in kwargs.items()]) + return HttpResponse(body, content_type="text/plain") + + +def list_view(request): + published = Post.objects.exclude(published_date__exact=None) + posts = published.order_by('-published_date') + context = {'posts': posts} + return render(request, 'list.html', context) + + +def detail_view(request, post_id): + published = Post.objects.exclude(published_date__exact=None) + try: + post = published.get(pk=post_id) + except Post.DoesNotExist: + raise Http404 + context = {'post': post} + return render(request, 'detail.html', context) diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/__init__.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/settings.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/settings.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3fd7eb4c --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/settings.py @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +""" +Django settings for mysite project. + +Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.9. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/settings/ + +For the full list of settings and their values, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/ +""" + +import os + +# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...) +BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) + + +# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production +# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/deployment/checklist/ + +# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! +SECRET_KEY = 'i=n^tc%@@gq#8ev6dlymy9+-%@^f!q54sjf0rvikt_k5bl(t1=' + +# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! +DEBUG = True + +ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] + + +# Application definition + +INSTALLED_APPS = [ + 'django.contrib.admin', + 'django.contrib.auth', + 'django.contrib.contenttypes', + 'django.contrib.sessions', + 'django.contrib.messages', + 'django.contrib.staticfiles', + 'myblog', +] + +MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [ + 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', +] + +ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls' + +TEMPLATES = [ + { + 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', + 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'mysite/templates')], + 'APP_DIRS': True, + 'OPTIONS': { + 'context_processors': [ + 'django.template.context_processors.debug', + 'django.template.context_processors.request', + 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', + 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', + ], + }, + }, +] + +WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application' + + +# Database +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#databases + +DATABASES = { + 'default': { + 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', + 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'), + } +} + + +# Password validation +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators + +AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', + }, +] + + +# Internationalization +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/i18n/ + +LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' + +TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' + +USE_I18N = True + +USE_L10N = True + +USE_TZ = True + + +# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/static-files/ + +STATIC_URL = '/static/' + +LOGIN_URL = '/login/' +LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = '/' diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/templates/base.html b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/templates/base.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1529aead --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/templates/base.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +{% load staticfiles %} + + + + My Django Blog + + + + +
+
+ {% block content %} + [content will go here] + {% endblock %} +
+
+ + diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/templates/login.html b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/templates/login.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1566d0f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/templates/login.html @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +{% extends "base.html" %} + +{% block content %} +

My Blog Login

+
{% csrf_token %} + {{ form.as_p }} +

+
+{% endblock %} diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/urls.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..91f7819c --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +"""mysite URL Configuration + +The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: + https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/http/urls/ +Examples: +Function views + 1. Add an import: from my_app import views + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home') +Class-based views + 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home') +Including another URLconf + 1. Add an import: from blog import urls as blog_urls + 2. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include + 3. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include(blog_urls)) +""" +from django.conf.urls import url +from django.conf.urls import include +from django.contrib import admin +from django.contrib.auth.views import login, logout + +urlpatterns = [ + url(r'^', include('myblog.urls')), + url(r'^login/$', + login, + {'template_name': 'login.html'}, + name="login"), + url(r'^logout/$', + logout, + {'next_page': '/'}, + name="logout"), + url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), +] diff --git a/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/wsgi.py b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/wsgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..328bae0f --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session08/mysite_stage_3/mysite/wsgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +WSGI config for mysite project. + +It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/deployment/wsgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings") + +application = get_wsgi_application() diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/manage.py b/resources/session09/mysite/manage.py new file mode 100755 index 00000000..8a50ec04 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/manage.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +import os +import sys + +if __name__ == "__main__": + os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings") + + from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line + + execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/__init__.py b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/admin.py b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d772219e --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +import datetime +from django.contrib import admin +from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse +from myblog.models import Post, Category + + +class CategorizationInline(admin.TabularInline): + model = Category.posts.through + + +def make_published(modeladmin, request, queryset): + now = datetime.datetime.now() + queryset.update(published_date=now) +make_published.short_description = "Set publication date for selected posts" + + +class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): + inlines = [ + CategorizationInline, + ] + list_display = ( + '__unicode__', 'author_for_admin', 'created_date', 'modified_date', 'published_date' + ) + readonly_fields = ( + 'created_date', 'modified_date', + ) + actions = [make_published, ] + + def author_for_admin(self, obj): + author = obj.author + url = reverse('admin:auth_user_change', args=(author.pk,)) + name = author.get_full_name() or author.username + link = '{}'.format(url, name) + return link + author_for_admin.short_description = 'Author' + author_for_admin.allow_tags = True + + +class CategoryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): + exclude = ('posts', ) + + +admin.site.register(Post, PostAdmin) +admin.site.register(Category, CategoryAdmin) diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/fixtures/myblog_test_fixture.json b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/fixtures/myblog_test_fixture.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bf5269e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/fixtures/myblog_test_fixture.json @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +[ + { + "pk": 1, + "model": "auth.user", + "fields": { + "username": "admin", + "first_name": "Mr.", + "last_name": "Administrator", + "is_active": true, + "is_superuser": true, + "is_staff": true, + "last_login": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z", + "groups": [], + "user_permissions": [], + "password": "pbkdf2_sha256$10000$1rQazFNdOfFt$6aw/uIrv2uASkZ7moXMTajSN+ySYuowBnbP6ILNQntE=", + "email": "admin@example.com", + "date_joined": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z" + } + }, + { + "pk": 2, + "model": "auth.user", + "fields": { + "username": "noname", + "first_name": "", + "last_name": "", + "is_active": true, + "is_superuser": true, + "is_staff": true, + "last_login": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z", + "groups": [], + "user_permissions": [], + "password": "pbkdf2_sha256$10000$1rQazFNdOfFt$6aw/uIrv2uASkZ7moXMTajSN+ySYuowBnbP6ILNQntE=", + "email": "noname@example.com", + "date_joined": "2013-05-24T05:35:58.628Z" + } + } +] diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/migrations/0001_initial.py b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/migrations/0001_initial.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9772455c --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/migrations/0001_initial.py @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +from __future__ import unicode_literals + +from django.db import models, migrations +from django.conf import settings + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + dependencies = [ + migrations.swappable_dependency(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL), + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Post', + fields=[ + ('id', models.AutoField(verbose_name='ID', serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True)), + ('title', models.CharField(max_length=128)), + ('text', models.TextField(blank=True)), + ('created_date', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)), + ('modified_date', models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)), + ('published_date', models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)), + ('author', models.ForeignKey(to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)), + ], + options={ + }, + bases=(models.Model,), + ), + ] diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/migrations/0002_category.py b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/migrations/0002_category.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cd06d71e --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/migrations/0002_category.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +from __future__ import unicode_literals + +from django.db import models, migrations + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + dependencies = [ + ('myblog', '0001_initial'), + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Category', + fields=[ + ('id', models.AutoField(verbose_name='ID', serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True)), + ('name', models.CharField(max_length=128)), + ('description', models.TextField(blank=True)), + ('posts', models.ManyToManyField(related_name='categories', null=True, to='myblog.Post', blank=True)), + ], + options={ + }, + bases=(models.Model,), + ), + ] diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/migrations/__init__.py b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/models.py b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8b5f59cf --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from django.db import models +from django.contrib.auth.models import User + + +class Post(models.Model): + title = models.CharField(max_length=128) + text = models.TextField(blank=True) + author = models.ForeignKey(User) + created_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) + modified_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) + published_date = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True) + + def __unicode__(self): + return self.title + + +class Category(models.Model): + name = models.CharField(max_length=128) + description = models.TextField(blank=True) + posts = models.ManyToManyField(Post, blank=True, null=True, + related_name='categories') + + class Meta: + verbose_name_plural = 'Categories' + + def __unicode__(self): + return self.name diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/static/django_blog.css b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/static/django_blog.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..45a882de --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/static/django_blog.css @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +body { + background-color: #eee; + color: #111; + font-family: "HelveticaNeue-Light", "Helvetica Neue Light", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Lucida Grande", sans-serif; + margin:0; + padding:0; +} +#container { + margin:0; + padding:0; + margin-top: 0px; +} +#header { + background-color: #333; + border-botton: 1px solid #111; + margin:0; + padding:0; +} +#control-bar { + margin: 0em 0em 1em; + list-style: none; + list-style-type: none; + text-align: right; + color: #eee; + font-size: 80%; + padding-bottom: 0.4em; +} +#control-bar li { + display: inline-block; +} +#control-bar li a { + color: #eee; + padding: 0.5em; + text-decoration: none; +} +#control-bar li a:hover { + color: #cce; +} +#content { + margin: 0em 1em 1em; +} + +ul#entries { + list-style: none; + list-style-type: none; +} +div.entry { + margin-right: 2em; + margin-top: 1em; + border-top: 1px solid #cecece; +} +ul#entries li:first-child div.entry { + border-top: none; + margin-top: 0em; +} +div.entry-body { + margin-left: 2em; +} +.notification { + float: right; + text-align: center; + width: 25%; + padding: 1em; +} +.info { + background-color: #aae; +} +ul.categories { + list-style: none; + list-style-type: none; +} +ul.categories li { + display: inline; +} diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/templates/detail.html b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/templates/detail.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cd0322ff --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/templates/detail.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +{% extends "base.html" %} + +{% block content %} +Home +

{{ post }}

+

+ Posted by {{ post.author_name }} — {{ post.published_date }} +

+
+ {{ post.text }} +
+
    + {% for category in post.categories.all %} +
  • {{ category }}
    • + {% endfor %} +
+{% endblock %} diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/templates/list.html b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/templates/list.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..88920817 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/templates/list.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +{% extends "base.html" %} + +{% block content %} +

Recent Posts

+ + {% comment %} here is where the query happens {% endcomment %} + {% for post in posts %} +
+

+ {{ post }} +

+

+ Posted by {{ post.author_name }} — {{ post.published_date }} +

+
+ {{ post.text }} +
+
    + {% for category in post.categories.all %} +
  • {{ category }}
    • + {% endfor %} +
+
+ {% endfor %} +{% endblock %} diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/tests.py b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1f967b24 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +import datetime +from django.test import TestCase +from django.contrib.auth.models import User +from django.utils.timezone import utc +from myblog.models import Post, Category + + +class PostTestCase(TestCase): + fixtures = ['myblog_test_fixture.json', ] + + def setUp(self): + self.user = User.objects.get(pk=1) + + def test_unicode(self): + expected = u"This is a title" + p1 = Post(title=expected) + actual = unicode(p1) + self.assertEqual(expected, actual) + + +class CategoryTestCase(TestCase): + + def test_unicode(self): + expected = "A Category" + c1 = Category(name=expected) + actual = unicode(c1) + self.assertEqual(expected, actual) + + +class FrontEndTestCase(TestCase): + """test views provided in the front-end""" + fixtures = ['myblog_test_fixture.json', ] + + def setUp(self): + self.now = datetime.datetime.utcnow().replace(tzinfo=utc) + self.timedelta = datetime.timedelta(15) + author = User.objects.get(pk=1) + for count in range(1, 11): + post = Post(title="Post %d Title" % count, + text="foo", + author=author) + if count < 6: + # publish the first five posts + pubdate = self.now - self.timedelta * count + post.published_date = pubdate + post.save() + + def test_list_only_published(self): + resp = self.client.get('/') + self.assertTrue("Recent Posts" in resp.content) + for count in range(1, 11): + title = "Post %d Title" % count + if count < 6: + self.assertContains(resp, title, count=1) + else: + self.assertNotContains(resp, title) + + def test_details_only_published(self): + for count in range(1, 11): + title = "Post %d Title" % count + post = Post.objects.get(title=title) + resp = self.client.get('/posts/%d/' % post.pk) + if count < 6: + self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, 200) + self.assertContains(resp, title) + else: + self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, 404) diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/urls.py b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d31e75c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +from django.conf.urls import patterns, url + + +urlpatterns = patterns( + 'myblog.views', + url(r'^$', + 'list_view', + name="blog_index"), + url(r'^posts/(?P\d+)/$', + 'detail_view', + name="blog_detail"), +) diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/views.py b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..389fa2ed --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/myblog/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +from django.shortcuts import render +from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect, Http404 +from django.template import RequestContext, loader +from myblog.models import Post + + +def stub_view(request, *args, **kwargs): + body = "Stub View\n\n" + if args: + body += "Args:\n" + body += "\n".join(["\t%s" % a for a in args]) + if kwargs: + body += "Kwargs:\n" + body += "\n".join(["\t%s: %s" % i for i in kwargs.items()]) + return HttpResponse(body, content_type="text/plain") + + +def list_view(request): + published = Post.objects.exclude(published_date__exact=None) + posts = published.order_by('-published_date') + context = {'posts': posts} + return render(request, 'list.html', context) + + +def detail_view(request, post_id): + published = Post.objects.exclude(published_date__exact=None) + try: + post = published.get(pk=post_id) + except Post.DoesNotExist: + raise Http404 + context = {'post': post} + return render(request, 'detail.html', context) diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/__init__.py b/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/settings.py b/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/settings.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8d7e926a --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/settings.py @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +""" +Django settings for mysite project. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/topics/settings/ + +For the full list of settings and their values, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/ref/settings/ +""" + +# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...) +import os +BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)) + + +# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production +# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/howto/deployment/checklist/ + +# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! +SECRET_KEY = 'e@3=0i!#n4l25r*ul*sbx6b$@gh7a6pjee6lr-slw9!ayj#*@f' + +# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! +DEBUG = True + +TEMPLATE_DEBUG = True + +ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] + + +# Application definition + +INSTALLED_APPS = ( + 'django.contrib.admin', + 'django.contrib.auth', + 'django.contrib.contenttypes', + 'django.contrib.sessions', + 'django.contrib.messages', + 'django.contrib.staticfiles', + 'myblog', +) + +MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = ( + 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', +) + +ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls' + +WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application' + + +# Database +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/ref/settings/#databases + +DATABASES = { + 'default': { + 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', + 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'), + } +} + +# Internationalization +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/topics/i18n/ + +LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' + +TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' + +USE_I18N = True + +USE_L10N = True + +USE_TZ = True + + +# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/howto/static-files/ + +STATIC_URL = '/static/' + + +TEMPLATE_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'mysite/templates'), ) +LOGIN_URL = '/login/' +LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = '/' diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/templates/base.html b/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/templates/base.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eed438f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/templates/base.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +{% load staticfiles %} + + + + My Django Blog + + + + +
+
+ {% block content %} + [content will go here] + {% endblock %} +
+
+ + diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/templates/login.html b/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/templates/login.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1566d0f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/templates/login.html @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +{% extends "base.html" %} + +{% block content %} +

My Blog Login

+
{% csrf_token %} + {{ form.as_p }} +

+
+{% endblock %} diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/urls.py b/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bbcf775f --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url +from django.contrib import admin + +urlpatterns = patterns('', + url(r'^', include('myblog.urls')), + url(r'^login/$', + 'django.contrib.auth.views.login', + {'template_name': 'login.html'}, + name="login"), + url(r'^logout/$', + 'django.contrib.auth.views.logout', + {'next_page': '/'}, + name="logout"), + url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), +) diff --git a/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py b/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..15c7d49c --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/session09/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +""" +WSGI config for mysite project. + +It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/howto/deployment/wsgi/ +""" + +import os +os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings") + +from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application +application = get_wsgi_application() diff --git a/source/_static/admin_index.png b/source/_static/admin_index.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f42d6e38 Binary files /dev/null and b/source/_static/admin_index.png differ diff --git a/source/_static/apache.png b/source/_static/apache.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5a7bcd38 Binary files /dev/null and b/source/_static/apache.png differ diff --git a/source/_static/bike.jpg b/source/_static/bike.jpg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0ea0fd34 Binary files /dev/null and b/source/_static/bike.jpg differ diff --git a/source/_static/bluebox_logo.png b/source/_static/bluebox_logo.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..229cbb4b Binary files /dev/null and b/source/_static/bluebox_logo.png differ diff --git a/source/img/by-nc-sa.png b/source/_static/by-nc-sa.png similarity index 100% rename from source/img/by-nc-sa.png rename to source/_static/by-nc-sa.png diff --git a/source/_static/cgitb_output.png b/source/_static/cgitb_output.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0dc6d78e Binary files /dev/null and b/source/_static/cgitb_output.png differ diff --git a/source/_static/cloud_cover.jpg b/source/_static/cloud_cover.jpg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5d763fa5 Binary files /dev/null and b/source/_static/cloud_cover.jpg differ diff --git a/source/_static/custom.css b/source/_static/custom.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..93e3b1cf --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_static/custom.css @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +body { + -webkit-transition: opacity 200ms ease-in; + -webkit-transition-delay: 50ms; + -moz-transition: opacity 200ms ease-in 50ms; + -o-transition: opacity 200ms ease-in 50ms; + transition: opacity 200ms ease-in 50ms; } + +slides { + -webkit-transition: opacity 200ms ease-in; + -webkit-transition-delay: 50ms; + -moz-transition: opacity 200ms ease-in 50ms; + -o-transition: opacity 200ms ease-in 50ms; + transition: opacity 200ms ease-in 50ms; } + +slides > slide { + -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; + -moz-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; + -o-transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; + transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; + color: #393939; } + +.highlight-code slide.current pre > * { + opacity: 0.25; + -webkit-transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in; + -moz-transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in; + -o-transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in; + transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in; } + +.build > *, p.build { + transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in-out 0.1s; + -o-transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in-out 0.1s; + -moz-transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in-out 0.1s; + -webkit-transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in-out 0.1s; } + +.note { + -webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; + -moz-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; + -o-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; + transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; } + +.with-notes.popup .note { + -webkit-transition: opacity 100ms ease-in-out; + -moz-transition: opacity 100ms ease-in-out; + -o-transition: opacity 100ms ease-in-out; + transition: opacity 100ms ease-in-out; } + +.auto-fadein { + -webkit-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in; + -webkit-transition-delay: 0.25s; + -moz-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in 0.25s; + -o-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in 0.25s; + transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in 0.25s; } + +aside.gdbar { + -webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-out; + -webkit-transition-delay: 0.1s; + -moz-transition: all 0.1s ease-out 0.1s; + -o-transition: all 0.1s ease-out 0.1s; + transition: all 0.1s ease-out 0.1s; + /* Better to transition only on background-size, but not sure how to do that with the mixin. */ + width: 300px; + background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0% 50%, 100% 50%, color-stop(0%, #333), color-stop(100%, #333)) no-repeat; + background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #333, #333) no-repeat; + background: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #333, #333) no-repeat; + background: -o-linear-gradient(left, #333, #333) no-repeat; + background: linear-gradient(left, #333, #333) no-repeat; } + aside.gdbar img { + height: auto; + width: 250px; + position: absolute; + right: 0; + top: -8px; } + aside.gdbar.right img { + top: 4px; + } + +.title-slide:first-child hgroup { + top: 35%; +} + +/* line 888, ../scss/default.scss */ +.title-slide hgroup { + top: 0px; +} + +em { + font-style: italic; } + +strong { + font-weight: bold; } + +hgroup .docutils.literal { + font-family: 'Droid Sans Mono', 'Courier New', monospace; } + +article .center { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 20%; } +article .centered { + text-align: center; } +article .left { + text-align: left; } +article .large { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 65px; + line-height: 65px; } +article .mlarge { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 55px; + line-height: 55px; } +article .medium { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 45px; + line-height: 45px; } +article .small { + font-weight: normal; + font-size: 30px; + line-height: 30px; } +article .tiny .highlight pre { + font-size: 16px; + line-height: 20px; +} +article .credit { + font-size: 75%; + text-align: left; } +article .line-block .line { + font-size: inherit; } +article dl { + margin-bottom: 10em; } + article dl dt { + font-weight: bold; + margin-bottom: 0.25em; } + article dl dd { + padding-left: 1em; + margin-bottom: 0.5em; } +article .docutils.literal { + font-family: 'Droid Sans Mono', 'Courier New', monospace; } +article .toctree-wrapper li a { + text-decoration: none; + border-bottom: none; } +article table.docutils tr td { + vertical-align: top; } +slide article div.slide-no { + position: absolute; + bottom: 5px; + right: 5px; +} + +.level-1 h1 { + font-size: 65px; + line-height: 1.4; + letter-spacing: -3px; + color: #393939; } +.level-1 article { + text-align: center; } + .level-1 article img { + margin-top: 10px; } + +.level-2 h2 { + position: static; + border-bottom: 1px solid #393939; + 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+

Good Night!

+

 

+
+

+ +

+ diff --git a/source/_templates/title_slide.html b/source/_templates/title_slide.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4a387f99 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_templates/title_slide.html @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + + +
+

+

+

+
+ diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/end_slide.html b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/end_slide.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..09303106 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/end_slide.html @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +
+

<Thank You!>

+
+

+ +

+ diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/layout.html b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/layout.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b9fad83e --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/layout.html @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ + +{%- block doctype -%} + +{%- endblock %} + +{%- set reldelim1 = reldelim1 is not defined and ' »' or reldelim1 %} +{%- set reldelim2 = reldelim2 is not defined and ' |' or reldelim2 %} +{%- set render_sidebar = (not embedded) and (not theme_nosidebar|tobool) and + (sidebars != []) %} +{%- set url_root = pathto('', 1) %} +{# XXX necessary? #} +{%- if url_root == '#' %}{% set url_root = '' %}{% endif %} +{%- if not embedded and docstitle %} + {%- set titlesuffix = " — "|safe + docstitle|e %} +{%- else %} + {%- set titlesuffix = "" %} +{%- endif %} + +{%- macro relbar() %} +{%- endmacro %} + +{%- macro sidebar() %} +{%- endmacro %} + +{%- macro script() %} + + + + + {%- for scriptfile in script_files %} + + {%- endfor %} + {% if theme_custom_js %} + + {% endif %} + +{%- endmacro %} + +{%- macro css() %} + + + + + {% if theme_custom_css %} + + {% endif %} + + + {%- for cssfile in css_files %} + + {%- endfor %} +{%- endmacro %} + + + + {%- block htmltitle %} + {{ title|striptags|e }}{{ titlesuffix }} + {%- endblock %} + + {{ metatags }} + + + + + + + + {{ css() }} + + {%- if not embedded %} + {{ script() }} + {%- if use_opensearch %} + + {%- endif %} + {%- if favicon %} + + {%- endif %} + {%- endif %} +{%- block linktags %} + {%- if hasdoc('about') %} + + {%- endif %} + {%- if hasdoc('genindex') %} + + {%- endif %} + {%- if hasdoc('search') %} + + {%- endif %} + {%- if hasdoc('copyright') %} + + {%- endif %} + + {%- if parents %} + + {%- endif %} + {%- if next %} + + {%- endif %} + {%- if prev %} + + {%- endif %} +{%- endblock %} +{%- block extrahead %} {% endblock %} + + + + + + {% include "title_slide.html" %} + + {% block body %}{% endblock %} + + {% include "end_slide.html" %} + + + + + + + + diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/slide.html b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/slide.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..47c77e34 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/slide.html @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + +
+ {{ title }} +
+
+ {{ content }} + +{% if config.slide_numbers %} +
{{ slide_number }}
+{% endif %} +{% if config.slide_footer %} +
{{ config.slide_footer }}
+{% endif %} +
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HTML5 Slide Template

+ +## Configuring the slides + +Much of the deck is customized by changing the settings in [`slide_config.js`](slide_config.js). +Some of the customizations include the title, Analytics tracking ID, speaker +information (name, social urls, blog), web fonts to load, themes, and other +general behavior. + +### Customizing the `#io12` hash + +The bottom of the slides include `#io12` by default. If you'd like to change +this, please update the variable `$social-tags: '#io12';` in +[`/theme/scss/default.scss`](theme/scss/default.scss). + +See the next section on "Editing CSS" before you go editing things. + +## Editing CSS + +[Compass](http://compass-style.org/install/) is a CSS preprocessor used to compile +SCSS/SASS into CSS. We chose SCSS for the new slide deck for maintainability, +easier browser compatibility, and because...it's the future! + +That said, if not comfortable working with SCSS or don't want to learn something +new, not a problem. The generated .css files can already be found in +(see [`/theme/css`](theme/css)). You can just edit those and bypass SCSS altogether. +However, our recommendation is to use Compass. It's super easy to install and use. + +### Installing Compass and making changes + +First, install compass: + + sudo gem update --system + sudo gem install compass + +Next, you'll want to watch for changes to the exiting .scss files in [`/theme/scss`](theme/scss) +and any new one you add: + + $ cd io-2012-slides + $ compass watch + +This command automatically recompiles the .scss file when you make a change. +Its corresponding .css file is output to [`/theme/css`](theme/css). Slick. + +By default, [`config.rb`](config.rb) in the main project folder outputs minified +.css. It's a best practice after all! However, if you want unminified files, +run watch with the style output flag: + + compass watch -s expanded + +*Note:* You should not need to edit [`_base.scss`](theme/scss/_base.scss). + +## Running the slides + +The slides can be run locally from `file://` making development easy :) + +### Running from a web server + +If at some point you should need a web server, use [`serve.sh`](serve.sh). It will +launch a simple one and point your default browser to [`http://localhost:8000/template.html`](http://localhost:8000/template.html): + + $ cd io-2012-slides + $ ./serve.sh + +You can also specify a custom port: + + $ ./serve.sh 8080 + +### Presenter mode + +The slides contain a presenter mode feature (beta) to view + control the slides +from a popup window. + +To enable presenter mode, add `presentme=true` to the URL: [http://localhost:8000/template.html?presentme=true](http://localhost:8000/template.html?presentme=true) + +To disable presenter mode, hit [http://localhost:8000/template.html?presentme=false](http://localhost:8000/template.html?presentme=false) + +Presenter mode is sticky, so refreshing the page will persist your settings. + +--- + +That's all she wrote! diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/config.rb b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/config.rb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e435e43a --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/config.rb @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Require any additional compass plugins here. + +# Set this to the root of your project when deployed: +http_path = "/" +css_dir = "theme/css" +sass_dir = "theme/scss" +images_dir = "images" +javascripts_dir = "js" + +# You can select your preferred output style here (can be overridden via the command line): +output_style = :expanded #:expanded or :nested or :compact or :compressed + +# To enable relative paths to assets via compass helper functions. Uncomment: +# relative_assets = true + +# To disable debugging comments that display the original location of your selectors. Uncomment: +# line_comments = false + + +# If you prefer the indented syntax, you might want to regenerate this +# project again passing --syntax sass, or you can uncomment this: +# preferred_syntax = :sass +# and then run: +# sass-convert -R --from scss --to sass sass scss && rm -rf sass && mv scss sass diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/js/hammer.js b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/js/hammer.js new file mode 100755 index 00000000..44a5802e --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/js/hammer.js @@ -0,0 +1,586 @@ +/* + * Hammer.JS + * version 0.4 + * author: Eight Media + * https://github.com/EightMedia/hammer.js + */ +function Hammer(element, options, undefined) +{ + var self = this; + + var defaults = { + // prevent the default event or not... might be buggy when false + prevent_default : false, + css_hacks : true, + + drag : true, + drag_vertical : true, + drag_horizontal : true, + // minimum distance before the drag event starts + drag_min_distance : 20, // pixels + + // pinch zoom and rotation + transform : true, + scale_treshold : 0.1, + rotation_treshold : 15, // degrees + + tap : true, + tap_double : true, + tap_max_interval : 300, + tap_double_distance: 20, + + hold : true, + hold_timeout : 500 + }; + options = mergeObject(defaults, options); + + // some css hacks + (function() { + if(!options.css_hacks) { + return false; + } + + var vendors = ['webkit','moz','ms','o','']; + var css_props = { + "userSelect": "none", + "touchCallout": "none", + "userDrag": "none", + "tapHighlightColor": "rgba(0,0,0,0)" + }; + + var prop = ''; + for(var i = 0; i < vendors.length; i++) { + for(var p in css_props) { + prop = p; + if(vendors[i]) { + prop = vendors[i] + prop.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + prop.substring(1); + } + element.style[ prop ] = css_props[p]; + } + } + })(); + + // holds the distance that has been moved + var _distance = 0; + + // holds the exact angle that has been moved + var _angle = 0; + + // holds the diraction that has been moved + var _direction = 0; + + // holds position movement for sliding + var _pos = { }; + + // how many fingers are on the screen + var _fingers = 0; + + var _first = false; + + var _gesture = null; + var _prev_gesture = null; + + var _touch_start_time = null; + var _prev_tap_pos = {x: 0, y: 0}; + var _prev_tap_end_time = null; + + var _hold_timer = null; + + var _offset = {}; + + // keep track of the mouse status + var _mousedown = false; + + var _event_start; + var _event_move; + var _event_end; + + + /** + * angle to direction define + * @param float angle + * @return string direction + */ + this.getDirectionFromAngle = function( angle ) + { + var directions = { + down: angle >= 45 && angle < 135, //90 + left: angle >= 135 || angle <= -135, //180 + up: angle < -45 && angle > -135, //270 + right: angle >= -45 && angle <= 45 //0 + }; + + var direction, key; + for(key in directions){ + if(directions[key]){ + direction = key; + break; + } + } + return direction; + }; + + + /** + * count the number of fingers in the event + * when no fingers are detected, one finger is returned (mouse pointer) + * @param event + * @return int fingers + */ + function countFingers( event ) + { + // there is a bug on android (until v4?) that touches is always 1, + // so no multitouch is supported, e.g. no, zoom and rotation... + return event.touches ? event.touches.length : 1; + } + + + /** + * get the x and y positions from the event object + * @param event + * @return array [{ x: int, y: int }] + */ + function getXYfromEvent( event ) + { + event = event || window.event; + + // no touches, use the event pageX and pageY + if(!event.touches) { + var doc = document, + body = doc.body; + + return [{ + x: event.pageX || event.clientX + ( doc && doc.scrollLeft || body && body.scrollLeft || 0 ) - ( doc && doc.clientLeft || body && doc.clientLeft || 0 ), + y: event.pageY || event.clientY + ( doc && doc.scrollTop || body && body.scrollTop || 0 ) - ( doc && doc.clientTop || body && doc.clientTop || 0 ) + }]; + } + // multitouch, return array with positions + else { + var pos = [], src; + for(var t=0, len=event.touches.length; t options.drag_min_distance) || _gesture == 'drag') { + // calculate the angle + _angle = getAngle(_pos.start[0], _pos.move[0]); + _direction = self.getDirectionFromAngle(_angle); + + // check the movement and stop if we go in the wrong direction + var is_vertical = (_direction == 'up' || _direction == 'down'); + if(((is_vertical && !options.drag_vertical) || (!is_vertical && !options.drag_horizontal)) + && (_distance > options.drag_min_distance)) { + return; + } + + _gesture = 'drag'; + + var position = { x: _pos.move[0].x - _offset.left, + y: _pos.move[0].y - _offset.top }; + + var event_obj = { + originalEvent : event, + position : position, + direction : _direction, + distance : _distance, + distanceX : _distance_x, + distanceY : _distance_y, + angle : _angle + }; + + // on the first time trigger the start event + if(_first) { + triggerEvent("dragstart", event_obj); + + _first = false; + } + + // normal slide event + triggerEvent("drag", event_obj); + + cancelEvent(event); + } + }, + + + // transform gesture + // fired on touchmove + transform : function(event) + { + if(options.transform) { + var scale = event.scale || 1; + var rotation = event.rotation || 0; + + if(countFingers(event) != 2) { + return false; + } + + if(_gesture != 'drag' && + (_gesture == 'transform' || Math.abs(1-scale) > options.scale_treshold + || Math.abs(rotation) > options.rotation_treshold)) { + _gesture = 'transform'; + + _pos.center = { x: ((_pos.move[0].x + _pos.move[1].x) / 2) - _offset.left, + y: ((_pos.move[0].y + _pos.move[1].y) / 2) - _offset.top }; + + var event_obj = { + originalEvent : event, + position : _pos.center, + scale : scale, + rotation : rotation + }; + + // on the first time trigger the start event + if(_first) { + triggerEvent("transformstart", event_obj); + _first = false; + } + + triggerEvent("transform", event_obj); + + cancelEvent(event); + + return true; + } + } + + return false; + }, + + + // tap and double tap gesture + // fired on touchend + tap : function(event) + { + // compare the kind of gesture by time + var now = new Date().getTime(); + var touch_time = now - _touch_start_time; + + // dont fire when hold is fired + if(options.hold && !(options.hold && options.hold_timeout > touch_time)) { + return; + } + + // when previous event was tap and the tap was max_interval ms ago + var is_double_tap = (function(){ + if (_prev_tap_pos && options.tap_double && _prev_gesture == 'tap' && (_touch_start_time - _prev_tap_end_time) < options.tap_max_interval) { + var x_distance = Math.abs(_prev_tap_pos[0].x - _pos.start[0].x); + var y_distance = Math.abs(_prev_tap_pos[0].y - _pos.start[0].y); + return (_prev_tap_pos && _pos.start && Math.max(x_distance, y_distance) < options.tap_double_distance); + + } + return false; + })(); + + if(is_double_tap) { + _gesture = 'double_tap'; + 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00000000..da705b0b --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/js/prettify/lang-sql.js @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +PR.registerLangHandler(PR.createSimpleLexer([["pln",/^[\t\n\r \xa0]+/,null,"\t\n\r 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+PR.registerLangHandler(PR.createSimpleLexer([["pln",/^[\t\n\r \xa0\u2028\u2029]+/,null,"\t\n\r Â\xa0

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this.onMessage_.bind(this), false); + + // Close popups if we reload the main window. + window.addEventListener('beforeunload', function(e) { + if (this.popup) { + this.popup.close(); + } + }.bind(this), false); + } +} + +SlideController.PRESENTER_MODE_PARAM = 'presentme'; + +SlideController.prototype.setupDone = function() { + var params = location.search.substring(1).split('&').map(function(el) { + return el.split('='); + }); + + var presentMe = null; + for (var i = 0, param; param = params[i]; ++i) { + if (param[0].toLowerCase() == SlideController.PRESENTER_MODE_PARAM) { + presentMe = param[1] == 'true'; + break; + } + } + + if (presentMe !== null) { + localStorage.ENABLE_PRESENTOR_MODE = presentMe; + // TODO: use window.history.pushState to update URL instead of the redirect. + if (window.history.replaceState) { + window.history.replaceState({}, '', location.pathname); + } else { + location.replace(location.pathname); + return false; + } + } + + var enablePresenterMode = localStorage.getItem('ENABLE_PRESENTOR_MODE'); + if (enablePresenterMode && JSON.parse(enablePresenterMode)) { + // Only open popup from main deck. Don't want recursive popup opening! + if (!this.isPopup) { + var opts = 'menubar=no,location=yes,resizable=yes,scrollbars=no,status=no'; + this.popup = window.open(location.href, 'mywindow', opts); + + // Loading in the popup? Trigger the hotkey for turning presenter mode on. + this.popup.addEventListener('load', function(e) { + var evt = this.popup.document.createEvent('Event'); + evt.initEvent('keydown', true, true); + evt.keyCode = 'P'.charCodeAt(0); + this.popup.document.dispatchEvent(evt); + // this.popup.document.body.classList.add('with-notes'); + // document.body.classList.add('popup'); + }.bind(this), false); + } + } + + return true; +} + +SlideController.prototype.onMessage_ = function(e) { + var data = e.data; + + // Restrict messages to being from this origin. Allow local developmet + // from file:// though. + // TODO: It would be dope if FF implemented location.origin! + if (e.origin != ORIGIN_ && ORIGIN_.indexOf('file://') != 0) { + alert('Someone tried to postMessage from an unknown origin'); + return; + } + + // if (e.source.location.hostname != 'localhost') { + // alert('Someone tried to postMessage from an unknown origin'); + // return; + // } + + if ('keyCode' in data) { + var evt = document.createEvent('Event'); + evt.initEvent('keydown', true, true); + evt.keyCode = data.keyCode; + document.dispatchEvent(evt); + } +}; + +SlideController.prototype.sendMsg = function(msg) { + // // Send message to popup window. + // if (this.popup) { + // this.popup.postMessage(msg, ORIGIN_); + // } + + // Send message to main window. + if (this.isPopup) { + // TODO: It would be dope if FF implemented location.origin. + window.opener.postMessage(msg, '*'); + } +}; + +window.SlideController = SlideController; + +})(window); + diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/js/slide-deck-instantiate.js b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/js/slide-deck-instantiate.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..08b2ebdc --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/js/slide-deck-instantiate.js @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +// Polyfill missing APIs (if we need to), then create the slide deck. +// iOS < 5 needs classList, dataset, and window.matchMedia. Modernizr contains +// the last one. +(function() { + Modernizr.load({ + test: !!document.body.classList && !!document.body.dataset, + nope: ['js/polyfills/classList.min.js', 'js/polyfills/dataset.min.js'], + complete: function() { + window.slidedeck = new SlideDeck(); + } + }); +})(); diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/js/slide-deck.js b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/js/slide-deck.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..60b9681c --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/js/slide-deck.js @@ -0,0 +1,900 @@ +/** + * @authors Luke Mahe + * @authors Eric Bidelman + * @fileoverview TODO + */ +document.cancelFullScreen = document.webkitCancelFullScreen || + document.mozCancelFullScreen; + +/** + * @constructor + */ +function SlideDeck(el) { + this.curSlide_ = 0; + this.prevSlide_ = 0; + this.config_ = null; + this.container = el || document.querySelector('slides'); + this.slides = []; + this.controller = null; + + this.getCurrentSlideFromHash_(); + + // Call this explicitly. Modernizr.load won't be done until after DOM load. + this.onDomLoaded_.bind(this)(); +} + +/** + * @const + * @private + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.SLIDE_CLASSES_ = [ + 'far-past', 'past', 'current', 'next', 'far-next']; + +/** + * @const + * @private + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.CSS_DIR_ = '_static/theme/css/'; + + +/** + * @private + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.findSlideById = function(title_id) { + // Return the 1-base index of the Slide with id ``title_id`` + // + // The index must be 1-based, as it's passed to code which assumes + // it was specified as the location fragment. + + console.log('findSlideById ', title_id); + + slideEls = document.querySelectorAll('slides > slide'); + console.log(slideEls); + + for (var i = 0; i < slideEls.length; i++) { + if (slideEls.item(i).id == title_id) { + return i + 1; + } + } + + // no match on a slide, perhaps it's an explicit reference? + var + target_link = document.querySelector("span[id='" + title_id + "']"), + // XXX this is pretty strict, may need to be more flexible in the future + slide = (target_link && target_link.parentNode); + + if (slide && slide.tagName == 'SLIDE') { + return this.findSlideById(slide.id); + } + + return false; + +}; + +/** + * @private + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.getCurrentSlideFromHash_ = function() { + var slideNo = parseInt(document.location.hash.substr(1)); + + if (isNaN(slideNo)) { + // must be a section title reference + slideNo = this.findSlideById(location.hash.substr(1)); + } + + if (slideNo) { + this.curSlide_ = slideNo - 1; + } else { + this.curSlide_ = 0; + } +}; + +/** + * @param {number} slideNo + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.loadSlide = function(slideNo) { + if (slideNo) { + this.curSlide_ = slideNo - 1; + this.updateSlides_(); + } +}; + +/** + * @private + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.onDomLoaded_ = function(e) { + document.body.classList.add('loaded'); // Add loaded class for templates to use. + + this.slides = this.container.querySelectorAll('slide:not([hidden]):not(.hidden):not(.backdrop)'); + + // If we're on a smartphone, apply special sauce. + if (Modernizr.mq('only screen and (max-device-width: 480px)')) { + // var style = document.createElement('link'); + // style.rel = 'stylesheet'; + // style.type = 'text/css'; + // style.href = this.CSS_DIR_ + 'phone.css'; + // document.querySelector('head').appendChild(style); + + // No need for widescreen layout on a phone. + this.container.classList.remove('layout-widescreen'); + } + + this.loadConfig_(SLIDE_CONFIG); + this.addEventListeners_(); + this.updateSlides_(); + + // Add slide numbers and total slide count metadata to each slide. + var that = this; + for (var i = 0, slide; slide = this.slides[i]; ++i) { + slide.dataset.slideNum = i + 1; + slide.dataset.totalSlides = this.slides.length; + + slide.addEventListener('click', function(e) { + if (document.body.classList.contains('overview')) { + that.loadSlide(this.dataset.slideNum); + e.preventDefault(); + window.setTimeout(function() { + that.toggleOverview(); + }, 500); + } + }, false); + } + + // Note: this needs to come after addEventListeners_(), which adds a + // 'keydown' listener that this controller relies on. + + // Modernizr.touch isn't a sufficient check for devices that support both + // touch and mouse. Create the controller in all cases. + // // Also, no need to set this up if we're on mobile. + // if (!Modernizr.touch) { + this.controller = new SlideController(this); + if (this.controller.isPopup) { + document.body.classList.add('popup'); + } + //} +}; + +/** + * @private + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.addEventListeners_ = function() { + document.addEventListener('keydown', this.onBodyKeyDown_.bind(this), false); + window.addEventListener('popstate', this.onPopState_.bind(this), false); + + // var transEndEventNames = { + // 'WebkitTransition': 'webkitTransitionEnd', + // 'MozTransition': 'transitionend', + // 'OTransition': 'oTransitionEnd', + // 'msTransition': 'MSTransitionEnd', + // 'transition': 'transitionend' + // }; + // + // // Find the correct transitionEnd vendor prefix. + // window.transEndEventName = transEndEventNames[ + // Modernizr.prefixed('transition')]; + // + // // When slides are done transitioning, kickoff loading iframes. + // // Note: we're only looking at a single transition (on the slide). This + // // doesn't include autobuilds the slides may have. Also, if the slide + // // transitions on multiple properties (e.g. not just 'all'), this doesn't + // // handle that case. + // this.container.addEventListener(transEndEventName, function(e) { + // this.enableSlideFrames_(this.curSlide_); + // }.bind(this), false); + + // document.addEventListener('slideenter', function(e) { + // var slide = e.target; + // window.setTimeout(function() { + // this.enableSlideFrames_(e.slideNumber); + // this.enableSlideFrames_(e.slideNumber + 1); + // }.bind(this), 300); + // }.bind(this), false); +}; + +/** + * @private + * @param {Event} e The pop event. + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.onPopState_ = function(e) { + if (e.state != null) { + this.curSlide_ = e.state; + this.updateSlides_(true); + } +}; + +/** + * @param {Event} e + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.onBodyKeyDown_ = function(e) { + if (/^(input|textarea)$/i.test(e.target.nodeName) || + e.target.isContentEditable) { + return; + } + + // Forward keydowns to the main slides if we're the popup. + if (this.controller && this.controller.isPopup) { + this.controller.sendMsg({keyCode: e.keyCode}); + } + + switch (e.keyCode) { + case 13: // Enter + if (document.body.classList.contains('overview')) { + this.toggleOverview(); + } + break; + + case 39: // right arrow + case 32: // space + case 34: // PgDn + this.nextSlide(); + e.preventDefault(); + break; + + case 37: // left arrow + case 8: // Backspace + case 33: // PgUp + this.prevSlide(); + e.preventDefault(); + break; + + case 40: // down arrow + this.nextSlide(); + e.preventDefault(); + break; + + case 38: // up arrow + this.prevSlide(); + e.preventDefault(); + break; + + case 72: // H: Toggle code highlighting + document.body.classList.toggle('highlight-code'); + break; + + case 79: // O: Toggle overview + this.toggleOverview(); + break; + + case 80: // P + if (this.controller && this.controller.isPopup) { + document.body.classList.toggle('with-notes'); + } else if (this.controller && !this.controller.popup) { + document.body.classList.toggle('with-notes'); + } + break; + + case 82: // R + // TODO: implement refresh on main slides when popup is refreshed. + break; + + case 27: // ESC: Hide notes and highlighting + document.body.classList.remove('with-notes'); + document.body.classList.remove('highlight-code'); + + if (document.body.classList.contains('overview')) { + this.toggleOverview(); + } + break; + + case 70: // F: Toggle fullscreen + // Only respect 'f' on body. Don't want to capture keys from an . + // Also, ignore browser's fullscreen shortcut (cmd+shift+f) so we don't + // get trapped in fullscreen! + if (e.target == document.body && !(e.shiftKey && e.metaKey)) { + if (document.mozFullScreen !== undefined && !document.mozFullScreen) { + document.body.mozRequestFullScreen(Element.ALLOW_KEYBOARD_INPUT); + } else if (document.webkitIsFullScreen !== undefined && !document.webkitIsFullScreen) { + document.body.webkitRequestFullScreen(Element.ALLOW_KEYBOARD_INPUT); + } else { + document.cancelFullScreen(); + } + } + break; + + case 87: // W: Toggle widescreen + // Only respect 'w' on body. Don't want to capture keys from an . + if (e.target == document.body && !(e.shiftKey && e.metaKey)) { + this.container.classList.toggle('layout-widescreen'); + } + break; + } +}; + +/** + * + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.focusOverview_ = function() { + var overview = document.body.classList.contains('overview'); + + for (var i = 0, slide; slide = this.slides[i]; i++) { + slide.style[Modernizr.prefixed('transform')] = overview ? + 'translateZ(-2500px) translate(' + (( i - this.curSlide_ ) * 105) + + '%, 0%)' : ''; + } +}; + +/** + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.toggleOverview = function() { + document.body.classList.toggle('overview'); + + this.focusOverview_(); +}; + +/** + * @private + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.loadConfig_ = function(config) { + if (!config) { + return; + } + + this.config_ = config; + + var settings = this.config_.settings; + + this.loadTheme_(settings.theme || []); + + if (settings.favIcon) { + this.addFavIcon_(settings.favIcon); + } + + // Prettyprint. Default to on. + if (!!!('usePrettify' in settings) || settings.usePrettify) { + prettyPrint(); + } + + if (settings.analytics) { + this.loadAnalytics_(); + } + + if (settings.fonts) { + this.addFonts_(settings.fonts); + } + + // Builds. Default to on. + if (!!!('useBuilds' in settings) || settings.useBuilds) { + this.makeBuildLists_(); + } + + if (settings.title) { + document.title = settings.title.replace(//, ' '); + if (settings.eventInfo && settings.eventInfo.title) { + document.title += ' - ' + settings.eventInfo.title; + } + document.querySelector('[data-config-title]').innerHTML = settings.title; + } + + if (settings.subtitle) { + document.querySelector('[data-config-subtitle]').innerHTML = settings.subtitle; + } + + if (this.config_.presenters) { + var presenters = this.config_.presenters; + var dataConfigContact = document.querySelector('[data-config-contact]'); + + var html = []; + if (presenters.length == 1) { + var p = presenters[0]; + + var presenterTitle = [p.name]; + if (p.company) { + presenterTitle.push(p.company); + } + html = presenterTitle.join(' - ') + '
'; + + var gplus = p.gplus ? 'g+' + p.gplus.replace(/https?:\/\//, '') + '' : ''; + + var twitter = p.twitter ? 'twitter' + + '' + + p.twitter + '' : ''; + + var www = p.www ? 'www' + p.www.replace(/https?:\/\//, '') + '' : ''; + + var github = p.github ? 'github' + p.github.replace(/https?:\/\//, '') + '' : ''; + + var html2 = [gplus, twitter, www, github].join('
'); + + if (dataConfigContact) { + dataConfigContact.innerHTML = html2; + } + } else { + for (var i = 0, p; p = presenters[i]; ++i) { + html.push(p.name + ' - ' + p.company); + } + html = html.join('
'); + if (dataConfigContact) { + dataConfigContact.innerHTML = html; + } + } + + var dataConfigPresenter = document.querySelector('[data-config-presenter]'); + if (dataConfigPresenter) { + dataConfigPresenter.innerHTML = html; + if (settings.eventInfo) { + var date = settings.eventInfo.date; + var dateInfo = date ? ' - ' : ''; + dataConfigPresenter.innerHTML += settings.eventInfo.title + dateInfo; + } + } + } + + /* Left/Right tap areas. Default to including. */ + if (!!!('enableSlideAreas' in settings) || settings.enableSlideAreas) { + var el = document.createElement('div'); + el.classList.add('slide-area'); + el.id = 'prev-slide-area'; + el.addEventListener('click', this.prevSlide.bind(this), false); + this.container.appendChild(el); + + var el = document.createElement('div'); + el.classList.add('slide-area'); + el.id = 'next-slide-area'; + el.addEventListener('click', this.nextSlide.bind(this), false); + this.container.appendChild(el); + } + + if (Modernizr.touch && (!!!('enableTouch' in settings) || + settings.enableTouch)) { + var self = this; + + // Note: this prevents mobile zoom in/out but prevents iOS from doing + // it's crazy scroll over effect and disaligning the slides. + window.addEventListener('touchstart', function(e) { + e.preventDefault(); + }, false); + + var hammer = new Hammer(this.container); + hammer.ondragend = function(e) { + if (e.direction == 'right' || e.direction == 'down') { + self.prevSlide(); + } else if (e.direction == 'left' || e.direction == 'up') { + self.nextSlide(); + } + }; + } +}; + +/** + * @private + * @param {Array.} fonts + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.addFonts_ = function(fonts) { + var el = document.createElement('link'); + el.rel = 'stylesheet'; + el.href = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https' : 'http') + + '://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=' + fonts.join('|') + '&v2'; + document.querySelector('head').appendChild(el); +}; + +/** + * @private + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.buildNextBuildItem_ = function() { + var slide = this.slides[this.curSlide_]; + var toBuild = slide.querySelector('.to-build'); + var built = slide.querySelector('.build-current'); + + if (built) { + built.classList.remove('build-current'); + if (built.classList.contains('fade')) { + built.classList.add('build-fade'); + } + } + + if (!toBuild) { + var items = slide.querySelectorAll('.build-fade'); + for (var j = 0, item; item = items[j]; j++) { + item.classList.remove('build-fade'); + } + return false; + } + + toBuild.classList.remove('to-build'); + toBuild.classList.add('build-current'); + + return true; +}; + +SlideDeck.prototype.buildNextItem_ = function() { + + var slide = this.slides[this.curSlide_]; + var built = slide.querySelectorAll('.build-current'); + + var buildItems = slide.querySelectorAll('[class*="build-item-"]'); + var show_items; + + // Remove the classes from the previously built item + if (built) { + for (var j = 0, built_item; built_item = built[j]; ++j) { + built_item.classList.remove('build-current'); + if (built_item.classList.contains('fade')) { + built_item.classList.add('build-fade'); + } + + if (built_item.getAttribute('data-build-show-only')) { + + if (built_item.getAttribute('data-build-class')) { + built_item.classList.remove( + built_item.getAttribute('data-build-class') + ); + } else { + built_item.classList.add('build-hide'); + } + } + }; + } + + if (slide._buildItems && slide._buildItems.length) { + while ((show_items = slide._buildItems.shift()) === undefined) {}; + if (show_items) { + + // show the next items + show_items.forEach(function(item, index, items) { + item.classList.remove('to-build'); + item.classList.add('build-current'); + + if (item.getAttribute('data-build-class')) { + item.classList.add(item.getAttribute('data-build-class')); + } + }); + + return true; + } + } + + return this.buildNextBuildItem_(); + +}; + +/** + * @param {boolean=} opt_dontPush + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.prevSlide = function(opt_dontPush) { + if (this.curSlide_ > 0) { + var bodyClassList = document.body.classList; + bodyClassList.remove('highlight-code'); + + // Toggle off speaker notes if they're showing when we move backwards on the + // main slides. If we're the speaker notes popup, leave them up. + if (this.controller && !this.controller.isPopup) { + bodyClassList.remove('with-notes'); + } else if (!this.controller) { + bodyClassList.remove('with-notes'); + } + + this.prevSlide_ = this.curSlide_--; + + this.updateSlides_(opt_dontPush); + } +}; + +/** + * @param {boolean=} opt_dontPush + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.nextSlide = function(opt_dontPush) { + if (!document.body.classList.contains('overview') && this.buildNextItem_()) { + return; + } + + if (this.curSlide_ < this.slides.length - 1) { + var bodyClassList = document.body.classList; + bodyClassList.remove('highlight-code'); + + // Toggle off speaker notes if they're showing when we advanced on the main + // slides. If we're the speaker notes popup, leave them up. + if (this.controller && !this.controller.isPopup) { + bodyClassList.remove('with-notes'); + } else if (!this.controller) { + bodyClassList.remove('with-notes'); + } + + this.prevSlide_ = this.curSlide_++; + + this.updateSlides_(opt_dontPush); + } +}; + +/* Slide events */ + +/** + * Triggered when a slide enter/leave event should be dispatched. + * + * @param {string} type The type of event to trigger + * (e.g. 'slideenter', 'slideleave'). + * @param {number} slideNo The index of the slide that is being left. + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.triggerSlideEvent = function(type, slideNo) { + var el = this.getSlideEl_(slideNo); + if (!el) { + return; + } + + // Call onslideenter/onslideleave if the attribute is defined on this slide. + var func = el.getAttribute(type); + if (func) { + new Function(func).call(el); // TODO: Don't use new Function() :( + } + + // Dispatch event to listeners setup using addEventListener. + var evt = document.createEvent('Event'); + evt.initEvent(type, true, true); + evt.slideNumber = slideNo + 1; // Make it readable + evt.slide = el; + + el.dispatchEvent(evt); +}; + +/** + * @private + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.updateSlides_ = function(opt_dontPush) { + var dontPush = opt_dontPush || false; + + var curSlide = this.curSlide_; + for (var i = 0; i < this.slides.length; ++i) { + switch (i) { + case curSlide - 2: + this.updateSlideClass_(i, 'far-past'); + break; + case curSlide - 1: + this.updateSlideClass_(i, 'past'); + break; + case curSlide: + this.updateSlideClass_(i, 'current'); + break; + case curSlide + 1: + this.updateSlideClass_(i, 'next'); + break; + case curSlide + 2: + this.updateSlideClass_(i, 'far-next'); + break; + default: + this.updateSlideClass_(i); + break; + } + }; + + this.triggerSlideEvent('slideleave', this.prevSlide_); + this.triggerSlideEvent('slideenter', curSlide); + +// window.setTimeout(this.disableSlideFrames_.bind(this, curSlide - 2), 301); +// +// this.enableSlideFrames_(curSlide - 1); // Previous slide. +// this.enableSlideFrames_(curSlide + 1); // Current slide. +// this.enableSlideFrames_(curSlide + 2); // Next slide. + + // Enable current slide's iframes (needed for page loat at current slide). + this.enableSlideFrames_(curSlide + 1); + + // No way to tell when all slide transitions + auto builds are done. + // Give ourselves a good buffer to preload the next slide's iframes. + window.setTimeout(this.enableSlideFrames_.bind(this, curSlide + 2), 1000); + + this.updateHash_(dontPush); + + if (document.body.classList.contains('overview')) { + this.focusOverview_(); + return; + } + +}; + +/** + * @private + * @param {number} slideNo + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.enableSlideFrames_ = function(slideNo) { + var el = this.slides[slideNo - 1]; + if (!el) { + return; + } + + var frames = el.querySelectorAll('iframe'); + for (var i = 0, frame; frame = frames[i]; i++) { + this.enableFrame_(frame); + } +}; + +/** + * @private + * @param {number} slideNo + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.enableFrame_ = function(frame) { + var src = frame.dataset.src; + if (src && frame.src != src) { + frame.src = src; + } +}; + +/** + * @private + * @param {number} slideNo + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.disableSlideFrames_ = function(slideNo) { + var el = this.slides[slideNo - 1]; + if (!el) { + return; + } + + var frames = el.querySelectorAll('iframe'); + for (var i = 0, frame; frame = frames[i]; i++) { + this.disableFrame_(frame); + } +}; + +/** + * @private + * @param {Node} frame + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.disableFrame_ = function(frame) { + frame.src = 'about:blank'; +}; + +/** + * @private + * @param {number} slideNo + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.getSlideEl_ = function(no) { + if ((no < 0) || (no >= this.slides.length)) { + return null; + } else { + return this.slides[no]; + } +}; + +/** + * @private + * @param {number} slideNo + * @param {string} className + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.updateSlideClass_ = function(slideNo, className) { + var el = this.getSlideEl_(slideNo); + + if (!el) { + return; + } + + if (className) { + el.classList.add(className); + } + + for (var i = 0, slideClass; slideClass = this.SLIDE_CLASSES_[i]; ++i) { + if (className != slideClass) { + el.classList.remove(slideClass); + } + } +}; + +/** + * @private + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.BUILD_ITEM_RE = /build-item-(\d+)(-class-(\w+))?(-only)?/; + +SlideDeck.prototype.makeBuildLists_ = function () { + for (var i = this.curSlide_, slide; slide = this.slides[i]; ++i) { + var items = slide.querySelectorAll('.build > *'); + + for (var j = 0, item; item = items[j]; ++j) { + if (item.classList) { + item.classList.add('to-build'); + if (item.parentNode.classList.contains('fade')) { + item.classList.add('fade'); + } + } + } + + var items = slide.querySelectorAll('[class*="build-item-"]'); + if (items.length) { + slide._buildItems = []; + }; + for (var j = 0, item; item = items[j]; ++j) { + if (item.classList) { + item.classList.add('to-build'); + if (!item.parentNode.classList.contains('build')) { + item.parentNode.classList.add('build'); + } + if (item.parentNode.classList.contains('fade')) { + item.classList.add('fade'); + } + } + + var build_info = this.BUILD_ITEM_RE.exec(item.classList), + build_index = build_info[1], + build_class = build_info[3], + build_only = build_info[4]; + + if (slide._buildItems[build_index] === undefined) { + slide._buildItems[build_index] = []; + } + slide._buildItems[build_index].push(item); + + if (build_class) { + item.setAttribute('data-build-class', build_class); + } + + if (build_only) { + // add the data-attribute + item.setAttribute('data-build-show-only', build_index); + } + + } + + } +}; + +/** + * @private + * @param {boolean} dontPush + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.updateHash_ = function(dontPush) { + if (!dontPush) { + var slideNo = this.curSlide_ + 1; + var hash = '#' + slideNo; + if (window.history.pushState) { + window.history.pushState(this.curSlide_, 'Slide ' + slideNo, hash); + } else { + window.location.replace(hash); + } + + // Record GA hit on this slide. + window['_gaq'] && window['_gaq'].push(['_trackPageview', + document.location.href]); + } +}; + + +/** + * @private + * @param {string} favIcon + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.addFavIcon_ = function(favIcon) { + var el = document.createElement('link'); + el.rel = 'icon'; + el.type = 'image/png'; + el.href = favIcon; + document.querySelector('head').appendChild(el); +}; + +/** + * @private + * @param {string} theme + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.loadTheme_ = function(theme) { + var styles = []; + if (theme.constructor.name === 'String') { + styles.push(theme); + } else { + styles = theme; + } + + for (var i = 0, style; themeUrl = styles[i]; i++) { + var style = document.createElement('link'); + style.rel = 'stylesheet'; + style.type = 'text/css'; + if (themeUrl.indexOf('http') == -1) { + style.href = this.CSS_DIR_ + themeUrl + '.css'; + } else { + style.href = themeUrl; + } + document.querySelector('head').appendChild(style); + } +}; + +/** + * @private + */ +SlideDeck.prototype.loadAnalytics_ = function() { + var _gaq = window['_gaq'] || []; + _gaq.push(['_setAccount', this.config_.settings.analytics]); + _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); + + (function() { + var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; + ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; + var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); + })(); +}; diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/js/slide-testing.js b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/js/slide-testing.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..def9cb1b --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/js/slide-testing.js @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +require(['order!modernizr.custom.45394', + 'order!prettify/prettify', 'order!hammer', 'order!slide-controller', + 'order!slide-deck', + 'order!slide-deck-instantiate'], function(someModule) { + +}); diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/js/slides.js b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/js/slides.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ba5a3699 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/js/slides.js @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +require(['order!../slide_config', 'order!modernizr.custom.45394', + 'order!prettify/prettify', 'order!hammer', 'order!slide-controller', + 'order!slide-deck', + 'order!slide-deck-instantiate'], function(someModule) { + +}); diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/scripts/md/README.md b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/scripts/md/README.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3188b3fa --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/scripts/md/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +### Want to use markdown to write your slides? + +`python render.py` can do that for you. + +Dependencies: jinja2, markdown. diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/scripts/md/base.html b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/scripts/md/base.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..acc79811 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/scripts/md/base.html @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ + + + + + Google IO 2012 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+

+

+

+
+ + +{% for slide in slides %} + + {% if 'segue' in slide.class %} + +
+

{{- slide.title -}}

+

{{- slide.subtitle -}}

+
+ {% else %} +
+

{{- slide.title -}}

+

{{- slide.subtitle -}}

+
+
+ {{- slide.content -}} +
+ {% endif %} + +{% endfor %} + + + +
+

<Thank You!>

+

Important contact information goes here.

+
+

+ +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/scripts/md/render.py b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/scripts/md/render.py new file mode 100755 index 00000000..a035b90a --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/scripts/md/render.py @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +import codecs +import re +import jinja2 +import markdown + +def process_slides(): + with codecs.open('../../presentation-output.html', 'w', encoding='utf8') as outfile: + md = codecs.open('slides.md', encoding='utf8').read() + md_slides = md.split('\n---\n') + print 'Compiled %s slides.' % len(md_slides) + + slides = [] + # Process each slide separately. + for md_slide in md_slides: + slide = {} + sections = md_slide.split('\n\n') + # Extract metadata at the beginning of the slide (look for key: value) + # pairs. + metadata_section = sections[0] + metadata = parse_metadata(metadata_section) + slide.update(metadata) + remainder_index = metadata and 1 or 0 + # Get the content from the rest of the slide. + content_section = '\n\n'.join(sections[remainder_index:]) + html = markdown.markdown(content_section) + slide['content'] = postprocess_html(html, metadata) + + slides.append(slide) + + template = jinja2.Template(open('base.html').read()) + + outfile.write(template.render(locals())) + +def parse_metadata(section): + """Given the first part of a slide, returns metadata associated with it.""" + metadata = {} + metadata_lines = section.split('\n') + for line in metadata_lines: + colon_index = line.find(':') + if colon_index != -1: + key = line[:colon_index].strip() + val = line[colon_index + 1:].strip() + metadata[key] = val + + return metadata + +def postprocess_html(html, metadata): + """Returns processed HTML to fit into the slide template format.""" + if metadata.get('build_lists') and metadata['build_lists'] == 'true': + html = html.replace('
    ', '
      ') + html = html.replace('
        ', '
          ') + return html + +if __name__ == '__main__': + process_slides() diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/scripts/md/slides.md b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/scripts/md/slides.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f8155aca --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/scripts/md/slides.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +title: Slide Title +subtitle: Subtitle +class: image + +![Mobile vs desktop users](image.png) + +--- + +title: Segue Slide +subtitle: Subtitle +class: segue dark nobackground + +--- + +title: Agenda +class: big +build_lists: true + +Things we'll cover (list should build): + +- Bullet1 +- Bullet2 +- Bullet3 + +--- + +title: Today +class: nobackground fill + +![Many kinds of devices.](image.png) + +
          source: place source info here
          + +--- + +title: Big Title Slide +class: title-slide + +--- + +title: Code Example + +Media Queries are sweet: + +
          +@media screen and (max-width: 640px) {
+  #sidebar { display: none; }
+}
+
          + +--- + +title: Once more, with JavaScript + +
          +function isSmall() {
+  return window.matchMedia("(min-device-width: ???)").matches;
+}
+
+function hasTouch() {
+  return Modernizr.touch;
+}
+
+function detectFormFactor() {
+  var device = DESKTOP;
+  if (hasTouch()) {
+    device = isSmall() ? PHONE : TABLET;
+  }
+  return device;
+}
+
          + +--- + +title: Centered content +content_class: flexbox vcenter + +This content should be centered! diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/slide_config.js b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/slide_config.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0d9b7c6f --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/slide_config.js @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +var SLIDE_CONFIG = { + // Slide settings + settings: { + title: 'Title Goes Here
          Up To Two Lines', + subtitle: 'Subtitle Goes Here', + //eventInfo: { + // title: 'Google I/O', + // date: '6/x/2013' + //}, + useBuilds: true, // Default: true. False will turn off slide animation builds. + usePrettify: true, // Default: true + enableSlideAreas: true, // Default: true. False turns off the click areas on either slide of the slides. + enableTouch: true, // Default: true. If touch support should enabled. Note: the device must support touch. + //analytics: 'UA-XXXXXXXX-1', // TODO: Using this breaks GA for some reason (probably requirejs). Update your tracking code in template.html instead. + favIcon: 'images/google_developers_logo_tiny.png', + fonts: [ + 'Open Sans:regular,semibold,italic,italicsemibold', + 'Source Code Pro' + ], + //theme: ['mytheme'], // Add your own custom themes or styles in /theme/css. Leave off the .css extension. + }, + + // Author information + presenters: [{ + name: 'Firstname Lastname', + company: 'Job Title
          Google', + gplus: 'http://plus.google.com/1234567890', + twitter: '@yourhandle', + www: 'http://www.you.com', + github: 'http://github.com/you' + }/*, { + name: 'Second Name', + company: 'Job Title, Google', + gplus: 'http://plus.google.com/1234567890', + twitter: '@yourhandle', + www: 'http://www.you.com', + github: 'http://github.com/you' + }*/] +}; + diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/slide_config.js_t b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/slide_config.js_t new file mode 100644 index 00000000..62339175 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/slide_config.js_t @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +var SLIDE_CONFIG = { + // Slide settings + settings: { + title: '{{ docstitle|e }}', + subtitle: '{{ theme_subtitle|e }}', + //eventInfo: { + // title: 'Google I/O', + // date: '6/x/2013' + //}, + useBuilds: {{ theme_use_builds }}, // Default: true. False will turn off slide animation builds. + usePrettify: {{ theme_use_prettify }}, // Default: true + enableSlideAreas: {{ theme_enable_slide_areas }}, // Default: true. False turns off the click areas on either slide of the slides. + enableTouch: {{ theme_enable_touch }}, // Default: true. If touch support should enabled. Note: the device must support touch. + //analytics: 'UA-XXXXXXXX-1', // TODO: Using this breaks GA for some reason (probably requirejs). Update your tracking code in template.html instead. + favIcon: {{ theme_favicon }}, + fonts: [ + 'Open Sans:regular,semibold,italic,italicsemibold', + 'Source Code Pro' + ], + //theme: ['mytheme'], // Add your own custom themes or styles in /theme/css. Leave off the .css extension. + }, + + // Author information + presenters: {% if theme_presenters %}{{ theme_presenters|json }} + {% else %}[] + {% endif %} +}; diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/template.html b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/template.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b4e7d33b --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/template.html @@ -0,0 +1,416 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
          + +
          +           + + + + +
          +

          +

          +

          +
          +           + + +
          +

          Slide with Bullets

          +
          +
          +
            +
          • Titles are formatted as Open Sans with bold applied and font size is set at 45
            • +
          • Title capitalization is title case +
              +
            • Subtitle capitalization is title case
              • +
            +
            • +
          • Subtitle capitalization is title case
            • +
          • Titles and subtitles should never have a period at the end
            • +
          +
          +           + + +
          +

          Slide with Bullets that Build

          +

          Subtitle Placeholder

          +
          +
          +

          A list where items build:

          +
            +
          • Pressing 'h' highlights code snippets
            • +
          • Pressing 'p' toggles speaker notes (if they're on the current slide)
            • +
          • Pressing 'f' toggles fullscreen viewing
            • +
          • Pressing 'w' toggles widescreen
            • +
          • Pressing 'o' toggles overview mode
            • +
          • Pressing 'ESC' toggles off these goodies
            • +
          +

          Another list, but items fade as they build:

          +
            +
          • Hover over me!
            • +
          • Hover over me!
            • +
          • Hover over me!
            • +
          +
          +           + + +
          +

          Slide with (Smaller Font)

          +
          +
          +
            +
          • All links open in new tabs.
            • +
          • To change that this, add target="_self" to the link.
            • +
          +
          +           + + + + +
          +

          Code Slide (with Subtitle Placeholder)

          +

          Subtitle Placeholder

          +
          +
          +

          Press 'h' to highlight important sections of code (wrapped in <b>).

          + 
          +<script type='text/javascript'>
+  // Say hello world until the user starts questioning
+  // the meaningfulness of their existence.
+  function helloWorld(world) {
+    for (var i = 42; --i >= 0;) {
+      alert('Hello ' + String(world));
+    }
+  }
+</script>
+
          +
          +           + + +
          +

          Code Slide (Smaller Font)

          +
          +
          + 
          +// Say hello world until the user starts questioning
+// the meaningfulness of their existence.
+function helloWorld(world) {
+  for (var i = 42; --i >= 0;) {
+    alert('Hello ' + String(world));
+  }
+}
+
          +
          +<style>
+  p { color: pink }
+  b { color: blue }
+</style>
+
          +
          +<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+  <title>My Awesome Page</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <p>Hello world</p>
+<body>
+</html>
+
          +
          +           + + + +
          +

          Slide with Speaker Notes

          +
          +
          +

          Press 'p' to toggle speaker notes.

          +
          +           + + + +
          +

          Presenter Mode

          +
          +
          +

          Add ?presentme=true to the URL to enabled presenter mode. + This setting is sticky, meaning refreshing the page will persist presenter + mode.

          +

          Hit ?presentme=false to disable presenter mode.

          +
          +           + + +
          +

          Slide with Image

          +
          +
          + Description +
          source: place source info here
          +
          +           + + +
          +

          Slide with Image (Centered horz/vert)

          +
          +
          + Description +
          source: place source info here
          +
          +           + + +
          +

          Table Option A

          +

          Subtitle Placeholder

          +
          +
          + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
          Column 1Column 2Column 3Column 4
          Row 1placeholderplaceholderplaceholderplaceholder
          Row 2placeholderplaceholderplaceholderplaceholder
          Row 3placeholderplaceholderplaceholderplaceholder
          Row 4placeholderplaceholderplaceholderplaceholder
          Row 5placeholderplaceholderplaceholderplaceholder
          +
          +           + + +
          +

          Table Option A (Smaller Text)

          +

          Subtitle Placeholder

          +
          +
          + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
          Column 1Column 2Column 3Column 4
          Row 1placeholderplaceholderplaceholderplaceholder
          Row 2placeholderplaceholderplaceholderplaceholder
          Row 3placeholderplaceholderplaceholderplaceholder
          Row 4placeholderplaceholderplaceholderplaceholder
          Row 5placeholderplaceholderplaceholderplaceholder
          +
          +           + + +
          +

          Table Option B

          +

          Subtitle Placeholder

          +
          +
          + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
          Header 1placeholderplaceholderplaceholder
          Header 2placeholderplaceholderplaceholder
          Header 3placeholderplaceholderplaceholder
          Header 4placeholderplaceholderplaceholder
          Header 5placeholderplaceholderplaceholder
          +
          +           + + +
          +

          Slide Styles

          +
          +
          +
          +
            +
          • class="red"
            • +
          • class="red2"
            • +
          • class="red3"
            • +
          • class="blue"
            • +
          • class="blue2"
            • +
          • class="blue3"
            • +
          • class="green"
            • +
          • class="green2"
            • +
          +
            +
          • class="green3"
            • +
          • class="yellow"
            • +
          • class="yellow2"
            • +
          • class="yellow3"
            • +
          • class="gray"
            • +
          • class="gray2"
            • +
          • class="gray3"
            • +
          • class="gray4"
            • +
          +
          +
          + I am centered text with a and button. +
          +
          +           + + + +
          +

          Segue Slide

          +

          Subtitle Placeholder

          +
          +           + + +
          +

          Full Image (with Optional Header)

          +
          +
          www.flickr.com/photos/25797459@N06/5438799763/
          +           + + + +
          + + This is an example of quote text. + +
          + Name
          + Company +
          +
          +           + + +
          +

          Slide with Iframe

          +
          +
          + +
          +           + + +
          + +
          +           + + + +
          +

          <Thank You!>

          +

          Important contact information goes here.

          +
          +

          + +

          +           + + +
          + +
          +           + + + +           + + + + + + diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/css/default.css b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/css/default.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b78086c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/css/default.css @@ -0,0 +1,1450 @@ +@charset "UTF-8"; +/* line 5, ../../../../../../../../../../../Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/compass-core-1.0.3/stylesheets/compass/reset/_utilities.scss */ +html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, +h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, +a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, +del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, +small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, +b, u, i, center, +dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, +fieldset, form, label, legend, +table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, +article, aside, canvas, details, embed, +figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, +menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary, +time, mark, audio, video { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; + border: 0; + font: inherit; + font-size: 100%; + vertical-align: baseline; +} + +/* line 22, ../../../../../../../../../../../Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/compass-core-1.0.3/stylesheets/compass/reset/_utilities.scss */ +html { + line-height: 1; +} + +/* line 24, ../../../../../../../../../../../Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/compass-core-1.0.3/stylesheets/compass/reset/_utilities.scss */ +ol, ul { + list-style: none; +} + +/* line 26, ../../../../../../../../../../../Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/compass-core-1.0.3/stylesheets/compass/reset/_utilities.scss */ +table { + border-collapse: collapse; + border-spacing: 0; +} + +/* line 28, ../../../../../../../../../../../Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/compass-core-1.0.3/stylesheets/compass/reset/_utilities.scss */ +caption, th, td { + text-align: left; + font-weight: normal; + vertical-align: middle; +} + +/* line 30, ../../../../../../../../../../../Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/compass-core-1.0.3/stylesheets/compass/reset/_utilities.scss */ +q, blockquote { + quotes: none; +} +/* line 103, ../../../../../../../../../../../Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/compass-core-1.0.3/stylesheets/compass/reset/_utilities.scss */ +q:before, q:after, blockquote:before, blockquote:after { + content: ""; + content: none; +} + +/* line 32, ../../../../../../../../../../../Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/compass-core-1.0.3/stylesheets/compass/reset/_utilities.scss */ +a img { + border: none; +} + +/* line 116, ../../../../../../../../../../../Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/compass-core-1.0.3/stylesheets/compass/reset/_utilities.scss */ +article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, main, menu, nav, section, summary { + display: block; +} + +/** + * Base SlideDeck Styles + */ +/* line 52, ../scss/_base.scss */ +html { + height: 100%; + overflow: hidden; +} + +/* line 57, ../scss/_base.scss */ +body { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; + opacity: 0; + height: 100%; + min-height: 740px; + width: 100%; + overflow: hidden; + color: #fff; + -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; + -moz-font-smoothing: antialiased; + -ms-font-smoothing: antialiased; + -o-font-smoothing: antialiased; + -moz-transition: opacity 800ms ease-in 100ms; + -o-transition: opacity 800ms ease-in 100ms; + -webkit-transition: opacity 800ms ease-in; + -webkit-transition-delay: 100ms; + transition: opacity 800ms ease-in 100ms; +} +/* line 73, ../scss/_base.scss */ +body.loaded { + opacity: 1 !important; +} + +/* line 78, ../scss/_base.scss */ +input, button { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +/* line 82, ../scss/_base.scss */ +slides > slide[hidden] { + display: none !important; +} + +/* line 86, ../scss/_base.scss */ +slides { + width: 100%; + height: 100%; + position: absolute; + left: 0; + top: 0; + -moz-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0); + -ms-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0); + -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0); + transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0); + -moz-perspective: 1000; + -webkit-perspective: 1000; + perspective: 1000; + -moz-transform-style: preserve-3d; + -webkit-transform-style: preserve-3d; + transform-style: preserve-3d; + -moz-transition: opacity 800ms ease-in 100ms; + -o-transition: opacity 800ms ease-in 100ms; + -webkit-transition: opacity 800ms ease-in; + -webkit-transition-delay: 100ms; + transition: opacity 800ms ease-in 100ms; +} + +/* line 98, ../scss/_base.scss */ +slides > slide { + display: block; + position: absolute; + overflow: hidden; + left: 50%; + top: 50%; + -moz-box-sizing: border-box; + -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + +/* Slide styles */ +/*article.fill iframe { + position: absolute; + left: 0; + top: 0; + width: 100%; + height: 100%; + + border: 0; + margin: 0; + + @include border-radius(10px); + + z-index: -1; +} + +slide.fill { + background-repeat: no-repeat; + @include background-size(cover); +} + +slide.fill img { + position: absolute; + left: 0; + top: 0; + min-width: 100%; + min-height: 100%; + + z-index: -1; +} +*/ +/** + * Theme Styles + */ +/* line 22, ../scss/default.scss */ +::selection { + color: white; + background-color: #ffd14d; + text-shadow: none; +} + +/* line 28, ../scss/default.scss */ +::-webkit-scrollbar { + height: 16px; + overflow: visible; + width: 16px; +} + +/* line 33, ../scss/default.scss */ +::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { + background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); + background-clip: padding-box; + border: solid transparent; + min-height: 28px; + padding: 100px 0 0; + -moz-box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07); + -webkit-box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07); + box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07); + border-width: 1px 1px 1px 6px; +} + +/* line 42, ../scss/default.scss */ +::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { + background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); +} + +/* line 45, ../scss/default.scss */ +::-webkit-scrollbar-button { + height: 0; + width: 0; +} + +/* line 49, ../scss/default.scss */ +::-webkit-scrollbar-track { + background-clip: padding-box; + border: solid transparent; + border-width: 0 0 0 4px; +} + +/* line 54, ../scss/default.scss */ +::-webkit-scrollbar-corner { + background: transparent; +} + +/* line 58, ../scss/default.scss */ +body { + background: black; +} + +/* line 62, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide { + display: none; + font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, sans-serif; + font-size: 26px; + color: #797979; + width: 900px; + height: 700px; + margin-left: -450px; + margin-top: -350px; + padding: 40px 60px; + -moz-border-radius: 5px; + -webkit-border-radius: 5px; + border-radius: 5px; + -moz-transition: all 0.6s ease-in-out; + -o-transition: all 0.6s ease-in-out; + -webkit-transition: all 0.6s ease-in-out; + transition: all 0.6s ease-in-out; +} +/* line 83, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide.far-past { + display: none; +} +/* line 90, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide.past { + display: block; + opacity: 0; +} +/* line 97, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide.current { + display: block; + opacity: 1; +} +/* line 103, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide.current .auto-fadein { + opacity: 1; +} +/* line 107, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide.current .gdbar { + -moz-background-size: 100% 100%; + -o-background-size: 100% 100%; + -webkit-background-size: 100% 100%; + background-size: 100% 100%; +} +/* line 112, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide.next { + display: block; + opacity: 0; + pointer-events: none; +} +/* line 120, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide.far-next { + display: none; +} +/* line 127, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide.dark { + background: #515151 !important; +} +/* line 135, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide:not(.nobackground):before { + font-size: 12pt; + content: ""; + position: absolute; + bottom: 20px; + left: 60px; + -moz-background-size: 30px 30px; + -o-background-size: 30px 30px; + -webkit-background-size: 30px 30px; + background-size: 30px 30px; + padding-left: 40px; + height: 30px; + line-height: 1.9; +} +/* line 147, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide:not(.nobackground):after { + font-size: 12pt; + content: ""; + position: absolute; + bottom: 20px; + right: 60px; + line-height: 1.9; +} +/* line 158, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide.title-slide:after { + content: ''; + position: absolute; + bottom: 40px; + right: 40px; + width: 100%; + height: 60px; +} +/* line 170, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide.backdrop { + z-index: -10; + display: block !important; + background: url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0idXRmLTgiPz4gPHN2ZyB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PGRlZnM+PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJncmFkIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJvYmplY3RCb3VuZGluZ0JveCIgeDE9IjAuNSIgeTE9IjAuMCIgeDI9IjAuNSIgeTI9IjEuMCI+PHN0b3Agb2Zmc2V0PSIwJSIgc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iI2ZmZmZmZiIvPjxzdG9wIG9mZnNldD0iODUlIiBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSIjZmZmZmZmIi8+PHN0b3Agb2Zmc2V0PSIxMDAlIiBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSIjZTZlNmU2Ii8+PC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD48L2RlZnM+PHJlY3QgeD0iMCIgeT0iMCIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgZmlsbD0idXJsKCNncmFkKSIgLz48L3N2Zz4g'); + background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 50% 0%, 50% 100%, color-stop(0%, #ffffff), color-stop(85%, #ffffff), color-stop(100%, #e6e6e6)); + background: -moz-linear-gradient(#ffffff, #ffffff 85%, #e6e6e6); + background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#ffffff, #ffffff 85%, #e6e6e6); + background: linear-gradient(#ffffff, #ffffff 85%, #e6e6e6); + background-color: white; +} +/* line 175, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide.backdrop:after, slides > slide.backdrop:before { + display: none; +} +/* line 180, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide > hgroup + article { + margin-top: 45px; +} +/* line 184, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide > hgroup + article.flexbox.vcenter, slides > slide > hgroup + article.flexbox.vleft, slides > slide > hgroup + article.flexbox.vright { + height: 80%; +} +/* line 189, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide > hgroup + article p { + margin-bottom: 1em; +} +/* line 194, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide > article:only-child { + height: 100%; +} +/* line 197, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides > slide > article:only-child > iframe { + height: 98%; +} + +/* line 203, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides.layout-faux-widescreen > slide { + padding: 40px 160px; +} + +/* line 212, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides.layout-widescreen > slide, +slides.layout-faux-widescreen > slide { + margin-left: -550px; + width: 1100px; +} +/* line 217, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides.layout-widescreen > slide.far-past, +slides.layout-faux-widescreen > slide.far-past { + display: block; + display: none; + -moz-transform: translate(-2260px); + -ms-transform: translate(-2260px); + -webkit-transform: translate(-2260px); + transform: translate(-2260px); + -moz-transform: translate3d(-2260px, 0, 0); + -ms-transform: translate3d(-2260px, 0, 0); + -webkit-transform: translate3d(-2260px, 0, 0); + transform: translate3d(-2260px, 0, 0); +} +/* line 224, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides.layout-widescreen > slide.past, +slides.layout-faux-widescreen > slide.past { + display: block; + opacity: 0; +} +/* line 231, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides.layout-widescreen > slide.current, +slides.layout-faux-widescreen > slide.current { + display: block; + opacity: 1; +} +/* line 238, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides.layout-widescreen > slide.next, +slides.layout-faux-widescreen > slide.next { + display: block; + opacity: 0; + pointer-events: none; +} +/* line 246, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides.layout-widescreen > slide.far-next, +slides.layout-faux-widescreen > slide.far-next { + display: block; + display: none; + -moz-transform: translate(2260px); + -ms-transform: translate(2260px); + -webkit-transform: translate(2260px); + transform: translate(2260px); + -moz-transform: translate3d(2260px, 0, 0); + -ms-transform: translate3d(2260px, 0, 0); + -webkit-transform: translate3d(2260px, 0, 0); + transform: translate3d(2260px, 0, 0); +} +/* line 253, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides.layout-widescreen #prev-slide-area, +slides.layout-faux-widescreen #prev-slide-area { + margin-left: -650px; +} +/* line 257, ../scss/default.scss */ +slides.layout-widescreen #next-slide-area, +slides.layout-faux-widescreen #next-slide-area { + margin-left: 550px; +} + +/* line 262, ../scss/default.scss */ +b { + font-weight: 600; +} + +/* line 266, ../scss/default.scss */ +a { + color: #2a7cdf; + text-decoration: none; + border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(42, 124, 223, 0.5); +} +/* line 271, ../scss/default.scss */ +a:hover { + color: black !important; +} + +/* line 276, ../scss/default.scss */ +h1, h2, h3 { + font-weight: 600; +} + +/* line 280, ../scss/default.scss */ +h2 { + font-size: 45px; + line-height: 45px; + letter-spacing: -2px; + color: #515151; +} + +/* line 287, ../scss/default.scss */ +h3 { + font-size: 30px; + letter-spacing: -1px; + line-height: 2; + font-weight: inherit; + color: #797979; +} + +/* line 295, ../scss/default.scss */ +ul { + margin-left: 1.2em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + position: relative; +} +/* line 300, ../scss/default.scss */ +ul li { + margin-bottom: 0.5em; +} +/* line 303, ../scss/default.scss */ +ul li ul { + margin-left: 2em; + margin-bottom: 0; +} +/* line 307, ../scss/default.scss */ +ul li ul li:before { + content: '-'; + font-weight: 600; +} +/* line 314, ../scss/default.scss */ +ul > li:before { + content: '\00B7'; + margin-left: -1em; + position: absolute; + font-weight: 600; +} +/* line 321, ../scss/default.scss */ +ul ul { + margin-top: .5em; +} + +/* line 328, ../scss/default.scss */ +.highlight-code slide.current pre > * { + opacity: 0.25; + -moz-transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in; + -o-transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in; + -webkit-transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in; + transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in; +} +/* line 332, ../scss/default.scss */ +.highlight-code slide.current b { + opacity: 1; +} + +/* line 337, ../scss/default.scss */ +pre { + font-family: 'Source Code Pro', 'Courier New', monospace; + font-size: 20px; + line-height: 28px; + padding: 10px 0 10px 60px; + letter-spacing: -1px; + margin-bottom: 20px; + width: 106%; + background-color: #e6e6e6; + left: -60px; + position: relative; + -moz-box-sizing: border-box; + -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; + box-sizing: border-box; + /*overflow: hidden;*/ +} +/* line 351, ../scss/default.scss */ +pre[data-lang]:after { + content: attr(data-lang); + background-color: #a9a9a9; + right: 0; + top: 0; + position: absolute; + font-size: 16pt; + color: white; + padding: 2px 25px; + text-transform: uppercase; +} + +/* line 364, ../scss/default.scss */ +pre[data-lang="go"] { + color: #333; +} + +/* line 368, ../scss/default.scss */ +code { + font-size: 95%; + font-family: 'Source Code Pro', 'Courier New', monospace; + color: black; +} + +/* line 374, ../scss/default.scss */ +iframe { + width: 100%; + height: 530px; + background: white; + border: 1px solid #e6e6e6; + -moz-box-sizing: border-box; + -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + +/* line 382, ../scss/default.scss */ +dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* line 386, ../scss/default.scss */ +button { + display: inline-block; + background: url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0idXRmLTgiPz4gPHN2ZyB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PGRlZnM+PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJncmFkIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJvYmplY3RCb3VuZGluZ0JveCIgeDE9IjAuNSIgeTE9IjAuMCIgeDI9IjAuNSIgeTI9IjEuMCI+PHN0b3Agb2Zmc2V0PSI0MCUiIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNmOWY5ZjkiLz48c3RvcCBvZmZzZXQ9IjcwJSIgc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iI2UzZTNlMyIvPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+PC9kZWZzPjxyZWN0IHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxMDAlIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCUiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZ3JhZCkiIC8+PC9zdmc+IA=='); + background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 50% 0%, 50% 100%, color-stop(40%, #f9f9f9), color-stop(70%, #e3e3e3)); + background: -moz-linear-gradient(#f9f9f9 40%, #e3e3e3 70%); + background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#f9f9f9 40%, #e3e3e3 70%); + background: linear-gradient(#f9f9f9 40%, #e3e3e3 70%); + border: 1px solid #a9a9a9; + -moz-border-radius: 3px; + -webkit-border-radius: 3px; + border-radius: 3px; + padding: 5px 8px; + outline: none; + white-space: nowrap; + -moz-user-select: -moz-none; + -ms-user-select: none; + -webkit-user-select: none; + user-select: none; + cursor: pointer; + text-shadow: 1px 1px #fff; + font-size: 10pt; +} + +/* line 400, ../scss/default.scss */ +button:not(:disabled):hover { + border-color: #515151; +} + +/* line 404, ../scss/default.scss */ +button:not(:disabled):active { + background: url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0idXRmLTgiPz4gPHN2ZyB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PGRlZnM+PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJncmFkIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJvYmplY3RCb3VuZGluZ0JveCIgeDE9IjAuNSIgeTE9IjAuMCIgeDI9IjAuNSIgeTI9IjEuMCI+PHN0b3Agb2Zmc2V0PSI0MCUiIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNlM2UzZTMiLz48c3RvcCBvZmZzZXQ9IjcwJSIgc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iI2Y5ZjlmOSIvPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+PC9kZWZzPjxyZWN0IHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxMDAlIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCUiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZ3JhZCkiIC8+PC9zdmc+IA=='); + background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 50% 0%, 50% 100%, color-stop(40%, #e3e3e3), color-stop(70%, #f9f9f9)); + background: -moz-linear-gradient(#e3e3e3 40%, #f9f9f9 70%); + background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#e3e3e3 40%, #f9f9f9 70%); + background: linear-gradient(#e3e3e3 40%, #f9f9f9 70%); +} + +/* line 408, ../scss/default.scss */ +:disabled { + color: #a9a9a9; +} + +/* line 412, ../scss/default.scss */ +.blue { + color: #4387fd; +} + +/* line 415, ../scss/default.scss */ +.blue2 { + color: #3c8ef3; +} + +/* line 418, ../scss/default.scss */ +.blue3 { + color: #2a7cdf; +} + +/* line 421, ../scss/default.scss */ +.yellow { + color: #ffd14d; +} + +/* line 424, ../scss/default.scss */ +.yellow2 { + color: #f9cc46; +} + +/* line 427, ../scss/default.scss */ +.yellow3 { + color: #f6c000; +} + +/* line 430, ../scss/default.scss */ +.green { + color: #0da861; +} + +/* line 433, ../scss/default.scss */ +.green2 { + color: #00a86d; +} + +/* line 436, ../scss/default.scss */ +.green3 { + color: #009f5d; +} + +/* line 439, ../scss/default.scss */ +.red { + color: #f44a3f; +} + +/* line 442, ../scss/default.scss */ +.red2 { + color: #e0543e; +} + +/* line 445, ../scss/default.scss */ +.red3 { + color: #d94d3a; +} + +/* line 448, ../scss/default.scss */ +.gray { + color: #e6e6e6; +} + +/* line 451, ../scss/default.scss */ +.gray2 { + color: #a9a9a9; +} + +/* line 454, ../scss/default.scss */ +.gray3 { + color: #797979; +} + +/* line 457, ../scss/default.scss */ +.gray4 { + color: #515151; +} + +/* line 461, ../scss/default.scss */ +.white { + color: white !important; +} + +/* line 464, ../scss/default.scss */ +.black { + color: black !important; +} + +/* line 468, ../scss/default.scss */ +.columns-2 { + -moz-column-count: 2; + -webkit-column-count: 2; + column-count: 2; +} + +/* line 472, ../scss/default.scss */ +table { + width: 100%; + border-collapse: -moz-initial; + border-collapse: initial; + border-spacing: 2px; + border-bottom: 1px solid #797979; +} +/* line 479, ../scss/default.scss */ +table tr > td:first-child, table th { + font-weight: 600; + color: #515151; +} +/* line 484, ../scss/default.scss */ +table tr:nth-child(odd) { + background-color: #e6e6e6; +} +/* line 488, ../scss/default.scss */ +table th { + color: white; + font-size: 18px; + background: url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0idXRmLTgiPz4gPHN2ZyB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PGRlZnM+PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJncmFkIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJvYmplY3RCb3VuZGluZ0JveCIgeDE9IjAuNSIgeTE9IjAuMCIgeDI9IjAuNSIgeTI9IjEuMCI+PHN0b3Agb2Zmc2V0PSI0MCUiIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiM0Mzg3ZmQiLz48c3RvcCBvZmZzZXQ9IjgwJSIgc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iIzJhN2NkZiIvPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+PC9kZWZzPjxyZWN0IHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxMDAlIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCUiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZ3JhZCkiIC8+PC9zdmc+IA==') no-repeat; + background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 50% 0%, 50% 100%, color-stop(40%, #4387fd), color-stop(80%, #2a7cdf)) no-repeat; + background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #4387fd 40%, #2a7cdf 80%) no-repeat; + background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #4387fd 40%, #2a7cdf 80%) no-repeat; + background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #4387fd 40%, #2a7cdf 80%) no-repeat; +} +/* line 494, ../scss/default.scss */ +table td, table th { + font-size: 18px; + padding: 1em 0.5em; +} +/* line 499, ../scss/default.scss */ +table td.highlight { + color: #515151; + background: url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0idXRmLTgiPz4gPHN2ZyB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PGRlZnM+PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJncmFkIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJvYmplY3RCb3VuZGluZ0JveCIgeDE9IjAuNSIgeTE9IjAuMCIgeDI9IjAuNSIgeTI9IjEuMCI+PHN0b3Agb2Zmc2V0PSI0MCUiIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNmZmQxNGQiLz48c3RvcCBvZmZzZXQ9IjgwJSIgc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iI2Y2YzAwMCIvPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+PC9kZWZzPjxyZWN0IHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxMDAlIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCUiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZ3JhZCkiIC8+PC9zdmc+IA==') no-repeat; + background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 50% 0%, 50% 100%, color-stop(40%, #ffd14d), color-stop(80%, #f6c000)) no-repeat; + background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #ffd14d 40%, #f6c000 80%) no-repeat; + background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #ffd14d 40%, #f6c000 80%) no-repeat; + background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #ffd14d 40%, #f6c000 80%) no-repeat; +} +/* line 504, ../scss/default.scss */ +table.rows { + border-bottom: none; + border-right: 1px solid #797979; +} + +/* line 510, ../scss/default.scss */ +q { + font-size: 45px; + line-height: 72px; +} +/* line 514, ../scss/default.scss */ +q:before { + content: '“'; + position: absolute; + margin-left: -0.5em; +} +/* line 519, ../scss/default.scss */ +q:after { + content: 'â€'; + position: absolute; + margin-left: 0.1em; +} + +/* line 526, ../scss/default.scss */ +slide.fill { + background-repeat: no-repeat; + -moz-border-radius: 5px; + -webkit-border-radius: 5px; + border-radius: 5px; + -moz-background-size: cover; + -o-background-size: cover; + -webkit-background-size: cover; + background-size: cover; +} + +/* Size variants */ +/* line 535, ../scss/default.scss */ +article.smaller p, article.smaller ul { + font-size: 20px; + line-height: 24px; + letter-spacing: 0; +} +/* line 541, ../scss/default.scss */ +article.smaller table td, article.smaller table th { + font-size: 14px; +} +/* line 545, ../scss/default.scss */ +article.smaller pre { + font-size: 15px; + line-height: 20px; + letter-spacing: 0; +} +/* line 550, ../scss/default.scss */ +article.smaller q { + font-size: 40px; + line-height: 48px; +} +/* line 554, ../scss/default.scss */ +article.smaller q:before, article.smaller q:after { + font-size: 60px; +} + +/* Builds */ +/* line 563, ../scss/default.scss */ +.build > * { + -moz-transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in-out 0.2s; + -o-transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in-out 0.2s; + -webkit-transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in-out; + -webkit-transition-delay: 0.2s; + transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in-out 0.2s; +} +/* line 567, ../scss/default.scss */ +.build .to-build { + opacity: 0; +} +/* line 571, ../scss/default.scss */ +.build .build-fade { + opacity: 0.3; +} +/* line 574, ../scss/default.scss */ +.build .build-fade:hover { + opacity: 1.0; +} + +/* line 581, ../scss/default.scss */ +.popup .next .build .to-build { + opacity: 1; +} +/* line 585, ../scss/default.scss */ +.popup .next .build .build-fade { + opacity: 1; +} + +/* Pretty print */ +/* line 592, ../scss/default.scss */ +.prettyprint .str, +.prettyprint .atv { + /* a markup attribute value */ + color: #009f5d; +} + +/* line 596, ../scss/default.scss */ +.prettyprint .kwd, +.prettyprint .tag { + /* a markup tag name */ + color: #0066cc; +} + +/* line 600, ../scss/default.scss */ +.prettyprint .com { + /* a comment */ + color: #797979; + font-style: italic; +} + +/* line 604, ../scss/default.scss */ +.prettyprint .lit { + /* a literal value */ + color: #7f0000; +} + +/* line 607, ../scss/default.scss */ +.prettyprint .pun, +.prettyprint .opn, +.prettyprint .clo { + color: #515151; +} + +/* line 612, ../scss/default.scss */ +.prettyprint .typ, +.prettyprint .atn, +.prettyprint .dec, +.prettyprint .var { + /* a declaration; a variable name */ + color: #d94d3a; +} + +/* line 618, ../scss/default.scss */ +.prettyprint .pln { + color: #515151; +} + +/* line 622, ../scss/default.scss */ +.note { + position: absolute; + z-index: 100; + width: 100%; + height: 100%; + top: 0; + left: 0; + padding: 1em; + background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); + opacity: 0; + pointer-events: none; + display: -webkit-box !important; + display: -moz-box !important; + display: -ms-box !important; + display: -o-box !important; + display: box !important; + -webkit-box-orient: vertical; + -moz-box-orient: vertical; + -ms-box-orient: vertical; + box-orient: vertical; + -webkit-box-align: center; + -moz-box-align: center; + -ms-box-align: center; + box-align: center; + -webkit-box-pack: center; + -moz-box-pack: center; + -ms-box-pack: center; + box-pack: center; + -moz-border-radius: 5px; + -webkit-border-radius: 5px; + border-radius: 5px; + -moz-box-sizing: border-box; + -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; + box-sizing: border-box; + -moz-transform: translateY(350px); + -ms-transform: translateY(350px); + -webkit-transform: translateY(350px); + transform: translateY(350px); + -moz-transition: all 0.4s ease-in-out; + -o-transition: all 0.4s ease-in-out; + -webkit-transition: all 0.4s ease-in-out; + transition: all 0.4s ease-in-out; +} +/* line 640, ../scss/default.scss */ +.note > section { + background: #fff; + -moz-border-radius: 5px; + -webkit-border-radius: 5px; + border-radius: 5px; + -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 10px #797979; + -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 10px #797979; + box-shadow: 0 0 10px #797979; + width: 60%; + padding: 2em; +} + +/* line 657, ../scss/default.scss */ +.with-notes.popup slides.layout-widescreen slide.next, +.with-notes.popup slides.layout-faux-widescreen slide.next { + -moz-transform: translate3d(690px, 80px, 0) scale(0.35); + -ms-transform: translate3d(690px, 80px, 0) scale(0.35); + -webkit-transform: translate3d(690px, 80px, 0) scale(0.35); + transform: translate3d(690px, 80px, 0) scale(0.35); +} +/* line 660, ../scss/default.scss */ +.with-notes.popup slides.layout-widescreen slide .note, +.with-notes.popup slides.layout-faux-widescreen slide .note { + -moz-transform: translate3d(300px, 800px, 0) scale(1.5); + -ms-transform: translate3d(300px, 800px, 0) scale(1.5); + -webkit-transform: translate3d(300px, 800px, 0) scale(1.5); + transform: translate3d(300px, 800px, 0) scale(1.5); +} +/* line 666, ../scss/default.scss */ +.with-notes.popup slide { + overflow: visible; + background: white; + -moz-transition: none; + -o-transition: none; + -webkit-transition: none; + transition: none; + pointer-events: none; + -moz-transform-origin: 0 0; + -ms-transform-origin: 0 0; + -webkit-transform-origin: 0 0; + transform-origin: 0 0; +} +/* line 673, ../scss/default.scss */ +.with-notes.popup slide:not(.backdrop) { + -moz-transform: scale(0.6) translate3d(0.5em, 0.5em, 0); + -ms-transform: scale(0.6) translate3d(0.5em, 0.5em, 0); + -webkit-transform: scale(0.6) translate3d(0.5em, 0.5em, 0); + transform: scale(0.6) translate3d(0.5em, 0.5em, 0); + -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 10px #797979; + -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 10px #797979; + box-shadow: 0 0 10px #797979; +} +/* line 678, ../scss/default.scss */ +.with-notes.popup slide.backdrop { + background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0idXRmLTgiPz4gPHN2ZyB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PGRlZnM+PHJhZGlhbEdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJncmFkIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgY3g9IjUwJSIgY3k9IjUwJSIgcj0iNjAwJSI+PHN0b3Agb2Zmc2V0PSIwJSIgc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iI2IxZGZmZiIvPjxzdG9wIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSIgc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iIzQzODdmZCIvPjwvcmFkaWFsR3JhZGllbnQ+PC9kZWZzPjxyZWN0IHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxMDAlIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCUiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZ3JhZCkiIC8+PC9zdmc+IA=='); + background-size: 100%; + background-image: -moz-radial-gradient(50% 50%, #b1dfff 0%, #4387fd 600px); + background-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(50% 50%, #b1dfff 0%, #4387fd 600px); + background-image: radial-gradient(50% 50%, #b1dfff 0%, #4387fd 600px); +} +/* line 684, ../scss/default.scss */ +.with-notes.popup slide.next { + -moz-transform: translate3d(570px, 80px, 0) scale(0.35); + -ms-transform: translate3d(570px, 80px, 0) scale(0.35); + -webkit-transform: translate3d(570px, 80px, 0) scale(0.35); + transform: translate3d(570px, 80px, 0) scale(0.35); + opacity: 1 !important; +} +/* line 688, ../scss/default.scss */ +.with-notes.popup slide.next .note { + display: none !important; +} +/* line 694, ../scss/default.scss */ +.with-notes.popup .note { + width: 109%; + height: 260px; + background: #e6e6e6; + padding: 0; + -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 10px #797979; + -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 10px #797979; + box-shadow: 0 0 10px #797979; + -moz-transform: translate3d(250px, 800px, 0) scale(1.5); + -ms-transform: translate3d(250px, 800px, 0) scale(1.5); + -webkit-transform: translate3d(250px, 800px, 0) scale(1.5); + transform: translate3d(250px, 800px, 0) scale(1.5); + -moz-transition: opacity 400ms ease-in-out; + -o-transition: opacity 400ms ease-in-out; + -webkit-transition: opacity 400ms ease-in-out; + transition: opacity 400ms ease-in-out; +} +/* line 705, ../scss/default.scss */ +.with-notes.popup .note > section { + background: #fff; + -moz-border-radius: 5px; + -webkit-border-radius: 5px; + border-radius: 5px; + height: 100%; + width: 100%; + -moz-box-sizing: border-box; + -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; + box-sizing: border-box; + -moz-box-shadow: none; + -webkit-box-shadow: none; + box-shadow: none; + overflow: auto; + padding: 1em; +} +/* line 718, ../scss/default.scss */ +.with-notes .note { + opacity: 1; + -moz-transform: translateY(0); + -ms-transform: translateY(0); + -webkit-transform: translateY(0); + transform: translateY(0); + pointer-events: auto; +} + +/* line 725, ../scss/default.scss */ +.source { + font-size: 14px; + color: #a9a9a9; + position: absolute; + bottom: 70px; + left: 60px; +} + +/* line 733, ../scss/default.scss */ +.centered { + text-align: center; +} + +/* line 737, ../scss/default.scss */ +.reflect { + -webkit-box-reflect: below 3px -webkit-linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 85%, white 150%); + -moz-box-reflect: below 3px -moz-linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 85%, white 150%); + -o-box-reflect: below 3px -o-linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 85%, white 150%); + -ms-box-reflect: below 3px -ms-linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 85%, white 150%); + box-reflect: below 3px linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 85%, #ffffff 150%); +} + +/* line 745, ../scss/default.scss */ +.flexbox { + display: -webkit-box !important; + display: -moz-box !important; + display: -ms-box !important; + display: -o-box !important; + display: box !important; +} + +/* line 749, ../scss/default.scss */ +.flexbox.vcenter { + -webkit-box-orient: vertical; + -moz-box-orient: vertical; + -ms-box-orient: vertical; + box-orient: vertical; + -webkit-box-align: center; + -moz-box-align: center; + -ms-box-align: center; + box-align: center; + -webkit-box-pack: center; + -moz-box-pack: center; + -ms-box-pack: center; + box-pack: center; + height: 100%; + width: 100%; +} + +/* line 755, ../scss/default.scss */ +.flexbox.vleft { + -webkit-box-orient: vertical; + -moz-box-orient: vertical; + -ms-box-orient: vertical; + box-orient: vertical; + -webkit-box-align: left; + -moz-box-align: left; + -ms-box-align: left; + box-align: left; + -webkit-box-pack: center; + -moz-box-pack: center; + -ms-box-pack: center; + box-pack: center; + height: 100%; + width: 100%; +} + +/* line 761, ../scss/default.scss */ +.flexbox.vright { + -webkit-box-orient: vertical; + -moz-box-orient: vertical; + -ms-box-orient: vertical; + box-orient: vertical; + -webkit-box-align: end; + -moz-box-align: end; + -ms-box-align: end; + box-align: end; + -webkit-box-pack: center; + -moz-box-pack: center; + -ms-box-pack: center; + box-pack: center; + height: 100%; + width: 100%; +} + +/* line 767, ../scss/default.scss */ +.auto-fadein { + -moz-transition: opacity 0.6s ease-in 1s; + -o-transition: opacity 0.6s ease-in 1s; + -webkit-transition: opacity 0.6s ease-in; + -webkit-transition-delay: 1s; + transition: opacity 0.6s ease-in 1s; + opacity: 0; +} + +/* Clickable/tappable areas */ +/* line 773, ../scss/default.scss */ +.slide-area { + z-index: 1000; + position: absolute; + left: 0; + top: 0; + width: 100px; + height: 700px; + left: 50%; + top: 50%; + cursor: pointer; + margin-top: -350px; +} + +/* line 790, ../scss/default.scss */ +#prev-slide-area { + margin-left: -550px; +} + +/* line 795, ../scss/default.scss */ +#next-slide-area { + margin-left: 450px; +} + +/* ===== SLIDE CONTENT ===== */ +/* line 803, ../scss/default.scss */ +.logoslide img { + width: 383px; + height: 92px; +} + +/* line 809, ../scss/default.scss */ +.segue { + padding: 60px 120px; +} +/* line 812, ../scss/default.scss */ +.segue h2 { + color: #e6e6e6; + font-size: 60px; +} +/* line 816, ../scss/default.scss */ +.segue h3 { + color: #e6e6e6; + line-height: 2.8; +} +/* line 820, ../scss/default.scss */ +.segue hgroup { + position: absolute; + bottom: 225px; +} + +/* line 826, ../scss/default.scss */ +.thank-you-slide { + background: #4387fd !important; + color: white; +} +/* line 830, ../scss/default.scss */ +.thank-you-slide h2 { + font-size: 60px; + color: inherit; +} +/* line 835, ../scss/default.scss */ +.thank-you-slide article > p { + margin-top: 2em; + font-size: 20pt; +} +/* line 840, ../scss/default.scss */ +.thank-you-slide > p { + position: absolute; + bottom: 80px; + font-size: 24pt; + line-height: 1.3; +} + +/* line 848, ../scss/default.scss */ +aside.gdbar { + height: 97px; + width: 215px; + position: absolute; + left: -1px; + top: 125px; + -moz-border-radius: 0 10px 10px 0; + -webkit-border-radius: 0; + border-radius: 0 10px 10px 0; + background: url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0idXRmLTgiPz4gPHN2ZyB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PGRlZnM+PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJncmFkIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJvYmplY3RCb3VuZGluZ0JveCIgeDE9IjAuMCIgeTE9IjAuNSIgeDI9IjEuMCIgeTI9IjAuNSI+PHN0b3Agb2Zmc2V0PSIwJSIgc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iI2U2ZTZlNiIvPjxzdG9wIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSIgc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iI2U2ZTZlNiIvPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+PC9kZWZzPjxyZWN0IHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxMDAlIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCUiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZ3JhZCkiIC8+PC9zdmc+IA==') no-repeat; + background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0% 50%, 100% 50%, color-stop(0%, #e6e6e6), color-stop(100%, #e6e6e6)) no-repeat; + background: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #e6e6e6, #e6e6e6) no-repeat; + background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #e6e6e6, #e6e6e6) no-repeat; + background: linear-gradient(to right, #e6e6e6, #e6e6e6) no-repeat; + -moz-background-size: 0% 100%; + -o-background-size: 0% 100%; + -webkit-background-size: 0% 100%; + background-size: 0% 100%; + -moz-transition: all 0.5s ease-out 0.5s; + -o-transition: all 0.5s ease-out 0.5s; + -webkit-transition: all 0.5s ease-out; + -webkit-transition-delay: 0.5s; + transition: all 0.5s ease-out 0.5s; + /* Better to transition only on background-size, but not sure how to do that with the mixin. */ +} +/* line 859, ../scss/default.scss */ +aside.gdbar.right { + right: 0; + left: -moz-initial; + left: initial; + top: 254px; + /* 96 is height of gray icon bar */ + -moz-transform: rotateZ(180deg); + -ms-transform: rotateZ(180deg); + -webkit-transform: rotateZ(180deg); + transform: rotateZ(180deg); +} +/* line 866, ../scss/default.scss */ +aside.gdbar.right img { + -moz-transform: rotateZ(180deg); + -ms-transform: rotateZ(180deg); + -webkit-transform: rotateZ(180deg); + transform: rotateZ(180deg); +} +/* line 871, ../scss/default.scss */ +aside.gdbar.bottom { + top: -moz-initial; + top: initial; + bottom: 60px; +} +/* line 877, ../scss/default.scss */ +aside.gdbar img { + width: 85px; + height: 85px; + position: absolute; + right: 0; + margin: 8px 15px; +} + +/* line 888, ../scss/default.scss */ +.title-slide hgroup { + bottom: 100px; +} +/* line 891, ../scss/default.scss */ +.title-slide hgroup h1 { + font-size: 65px; + line-height: 1.4; + letter-spacing: -3px; + color: #515151; +} +/* line 898, ../scss/default.scss */ +.title-slide hgroup h2 { + font-size: 34px; + color: #a9a9a9; + font-weight: inherit; +} +/* line 904, ../scss/default.scss */ +.title-slide hgroup p { + font-size: 20px; + color: #797979; + line-height: 1.3; + margin-top: 2em; +} + +/* line 913, ../scss/default.scss */ +.quote { + color: #e6e6e6; +} +/* line 916, ../scss/default.scss */ +.quote .author { + font-size: 24px; + position: absolute; + bottom: 80px; + line-height: 1.4; +} + +/* line 925, ../scss/default.scss */ +[data-config-contact] a { + color: white; + border-bottom: none; +} +/* line 929, ../scss/default.scss */ +[data-config-contact] span { + width: 115px; + display: inline-block; +} + +/* line 938, ../scss/default.scss */ +.overview.popup .note { + display: none !important; +} +/* line 944, ../scss/default.scss */ +.overview slides slide { + display: block; + cursor: pointer; + opacity: 0.5; + pointer-events: auto !important; + background: url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'); + background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 50% 0%, 50% 100%, color-stop(0%, #ffffff), color-stop(85%, #ffffff), color-stop(100%, #e6e6e6)); + background: -moz-linear-gradient(#ffffff, #ffffff 85%, #e6e6e6); + background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#ffffff, #ffffff 85%, #e6e6e6); + background: linear-gradient(#ffffff, #ffffff 85%, #e6e6e6); + background-color: white; +} +/* line 945, ../scss/default.scss */ +.overview slides slide.backdrop { + display: none !important; +} +/* line 956, ../scss/default.scss */ +.overview slides slide.far-past, .overview slides slide.past, .overview slides slide.next, .overview slides slide.far-next, .overview slides slide.far-past { + opacity: 0.5; + display: block; +} +/* line 965, ../scss/default.scss */ +.overview slides slide.current { + opacity: 1; +} +/* line 971, ../scss/default.scss */ +.overview .slide-area { + display: none; +} + +@media print { + /* line 978, ../scss/default.scss */ + slides slide { + display: block !important; + position: relative; + background: url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'); + background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 50% 0%, 50% 100%, color-stop(0%, #ffffff), color-stop(85%, #ffffff), color-stop(100%, #e6e6e6)); + background: -moz-linear-gradient(#ffffff, #ffffff 85%, #e6e6e6); + background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#ffffff, #ffffff 85%, #e6e6e6); + background: linear-gradient(#ffffff, #ffffff 85%, #e6e6e6); + background-color: white; + -moz-transform: none !important; + -ms-transform: none !important; + -webkit-transform: none !important; + transform: none !important; + width: 100%; + height: 100%; + page-break-after: always; + top: auto !important; + left: auto !important; + margin-top: 0 !important; + margin-left: 0 !important; + opacity: 1 !important; + color: #555; + } + /* line 993, ../scss/default.scss */ + slides slide.far-past, slides slide.past, slides slide.next, slides slide.far-next, slides slide.far-past, slides slide.current { + opacity: 1 !important; + display: block !important; + } + /* line 1004, ../scss/default.scss */ + slides slide .build > * { + -moz-transition: none; + -o-transition: none; + -webkit-transition: none; + transition: none; + } + /* line 1008, ../scss/default.scss */ + slides slide .build .to-build, + slides slide .build .build-fade { + opacity: 1; + } + /* line 1014, ../scss/default.scss */ + slides slide .auto-fadein { + opacity: 1 !important; + } + /* line 1018, ../scss/default.scss */ + slides slide.backdrop { + display: none !important; + } + /* line 1022, ../scss/default.scss */ + slides slide table.rows { + border-right: 0; + } + /* line 1027, ../scss/default.scss */ + slides slide[hidden] { + display: none !important; + } + + /* line 1032, ../scss/default.scss */ + .slide-area { + display: none; + } + + /* line 1036, ../scss/default.scss */ + .reflect { + -webkit-box-reflect: none; + -moz-box-reflect: none; + -o-box-reflect: none; + -ms-box-reflect: none; + box-reflect: none; + } + + /* line 1044, ../scss/default.scss */ + pre, code { + font-family: monospace !important; + } +} diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/css/hieroglyph.css b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/css/hieroglyph.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a919b034 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/css/hieroglyph.css @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +/* line 5, ../scss/hieroglyph.scss */ +ol { + margin-left: 1.2em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + position: relative; + list-style: decimal; +} +/* line 11, ../scss/hieroglyph.scss */ +ol li { + margin-bottom: 0.5em; +} +/* line 14, ../scss/hieroglyph.scss */ +ol li ol { + margin-left: 2em; + margin-bottom: 0; + list-style: decimal; +} +/* line 19, ../scss/hieroglyph.scss */ +ol li ol li:before { + font-weight: 600; +} +/* line 25, ../scss/hieroglyph.scss */ +ol ol { + margin-top: .5em; + list-style: decimal; +} + +/* line 32, ../scss/hieroglyph.scss */ +slide.title-image { + padding-right: 0px; +} +/* line 36, ../scss/hieroglyph.scss */ +slide.title-image hgroup { + position: static !important; + margin-top: 35%; + padding-left: 30px; + background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); + border-top-left-radius: 5px; + -webkit-border-top-left-radius: 5px; + -moz-border-top-left-radius: 5px; + -o-border-top-left-radius: 5px; +} +/* line 50, ../scss/hieroglyph.scss */ +slide.title-image hgroup + article { + background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); + margin-top: 0px; + padding-left: 30px; + border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; + -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; + -moz-border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; + -o-border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; +} +/* line 62, ../scss/hieroglyph.scss */ +slide.title-image h1 { + color: #222; + font-size: 3.2em; + line-height: 1.5em; + font-weight: 500; +} +/* line 72, ../scss/hieroglyph.scss */ +slide.title-image div.figure img { + position: absolute; + left: 0; + top: 0; + min-width: 100%; + min-height: 100%; + border-radius: 5px; + -o-border-radius: 5px; + -moz-border-radius: 5px; + -webkit-border-radius: 5px; + z-index: -1; +} +/* line 87, ../scss/hieroglyph.scss */ +slide.title-image div.figure .caption { + color: black; + background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); + padding: 0 5px; + border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; + border-top-right-radius: 5px; + position: absolute; + left: 0; + bottom: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/css/io2013.css b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/css/io2013.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b42982b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/css/io2013.css @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +/* line 5, ../scss/io2013.scss */ +* { + line-height: 1.3; +} + +/* line 9, ../scss/io2013.scss */ +h2 { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* line 12, ../scss/io2013.scss */ +h2, h3 { + color: #515151; +} + +/* line 16, ../scss/io2013.scss */ +q, blockquote { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* line 20, ../scss/io2013.scss */ +slides > slide { + color: #515151; +} +/* line 24, ../scss/io2013.scss */ +slides > slide.title-slide:after { + content: ''; + background: url(../../images/io2013/google-io-lockup-1.png) no-repeat 100% 50%; + -moz-background-size: contain; + -o-background-size: contain; + -webkit-background-size: contain; + background-size: contain; + position: absolute; + bottom: 80px; + right: 40px; + width: 100%; + height: 90px; +} +/* line 36, ../scss/io2013.scss */ +slides > slide.title-slide hgroup h1 { + font-weight: bold; + line-height: 1.1; +} +/* line 40, ../scss/io2013.scss */ +slides > slide.title-slide hgroup h2, slides > slide.title-slide hgroup p { + color: #515151; +} +/* line 43, ../scss/io2013.scss */ +slides > slide.title-slide hgroup h2 { + margin-top: 0.25em; +} +/* line 46, ../scss/io2013.scss */ +slides > slide.title-slide hgroup p { + margin-top: 3em; +} diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/css/phone.css b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/css/phone.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..017c7bbf --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/css/phone.css @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +/*Smartphones (portrait and landscape) ----------- */ +/*@media only screen +and (min-width : 320px) +and (max-width : 480px) { + +}*/ +/* Smartphones (portrait) ----------- */ +/* Styles */ +/* line 17, ../scss/phone.scss */ +slides > slide { + /* width: $slide-width !important; + height: $slide-height !important; + margin-left: -$slide-width / 2 !important; + margin-top: -$slide-height / 2 !important; + */ + -webkit-transition: none !important; + -moz-transition: none !important; + -o-transition: none !important; + -webkit-transition: none !important; + transition: none !important; +} + +/* iPhone 4 ----------- */ +@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) { + /* Styles */ +} diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/_base.scss b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/_base.scss new file mode 100644 index 00000000..50504db9 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/_base.scss @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +@charset "UTF-8"; + +@import "compass/reset"; +@import "compass/css3/border-radius"; +@import "compass/css3/box"; +@import "compass/css3/box-shadow"; +@import "compass/css3/box-sizing"; +@import "compass/css3/images"; +@import "compass/css3/text-shadow"; +@import "compass/css3/background-size"; +@import "compass/css3/transform"; +@import "compass/css3/transition"; + +@import "variables"; + +@mixin font-smoothing($val: antialiased) { + -webkit-font-smoothing: $val; + -moz-font-smoothing: $val; + -ms-font-smoothing: $val; + -o-font-smoothing: $val; +} + +@mixin flexbox { + display: -webkit-box !important; + display: -moz-box !important; + display: -ms-box !important; + display: -o-box !important; + display: box !important; +} + +@mixin flex-center-center { + @include box-orient(vertical); + @include box-align(center); + @include box-pack(center); +} + +@mixin flex-left-center { + @include box-orient(vertical); + @include box-align(left); + @include box-pack(center); +} + +@mixin flex-right-center { + @include box-orient(vertical); + @include box-align(end); + @include box-pack(center); +} + +/** + * Base SlideDeck Styles + */ +html { + height: 100%; + overflow: hidden; +} + +body { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; + + opacity: 0; + + height: 100%; + min-height: 740px; + width: 100%; + + overflow: hidden; + + color: #fff; + @include font-smoothing(antialiased); + @include transition(opacity 800ms ease-in 100ms); // Add small delay to prevent jank. + + &.loaded { + opacity: 1 !important; + } +} + +input, button { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +slides > slide[hidden] { + display: none !important; +} + +slides { + width: 100%; + height: 100%; + position: absolute; + left: 0; + top: 0; + @include transform(translate3d(0, 0, 0)); + @include perspective(1000); + @include transform-style(preserve-3d); + @include transition(opacity 800ms ease-in 100ms); // Add small delay to prevent jank. +} + +slides > slide { + display: block; + position: absolute; + overflow: hidden; + left: 50%; + top: 50%; + @include box-sizing(border-box); +} + +/* Slide styles */ + + +/*article.fill iframe { + position: absolute; + left: 0; + top: 0; + width: 100%; + height: 100%; + + border: 0; + margin: 0; + + @include border-radius(10px); + + z-index: -1; +} + +slide.fill { + background-repeat: no-repeat; + @include background-size(cover); +} + +slide.fill img { + position: absolute; + left: 0; + top: 0; + min-width: 100%; + min-height: 100%; + + z-index: -1; +} +*/ diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/_variables.scss b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/_variables.scss new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d07f9072 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/_variables.scss @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +$social-tags: ''; +$brand-small-icon-size: 30px; + +$gray-1: #e6e6e6; +$gray-2: #a9a9a9; +$gray-3: #797979; +$gray-4: #515151; + +$brand-blue: rgb(67, 135, 253); +$brand-blue-secondary: #3c8ef3; +$brand-blue-secondary2: #2a7cdf; + +$brand-red: rgb(244, 74, 63); +$brand-red-secondary: #e0543e; +$brand-red-secondary2: #d94d3a; + +$brand-yellow: rgb(255, 209, 77); +$brand-yellow-secondary: #f9cc46; +$brand-yellow-secondary2: #f6c000; + +$brand-green: rgb(13, 168, 97); +$brand-green-secondary: #00a86d; +$brand-green-secondary2: #009f5d; + +$slide-width: 900px; +$slide-height: 700px; +$slide-width-widescreen: 1100px; +$slide-top-bottom-padding: 40px; +$slide-left-right-padding: 60px; +$slide-border-radius: 5px; + +$slide-tap-area-width: 100px; + +$article-content-top-padding: 45px; diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/default.scss b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/default.scss new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b8c83b42 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/default.scss @@ -0,0 +1,1047 @@ +@import "base"; +@import "compass/css3/columns"; +@import "compass/css3/user-interface"; + +@mixin highlight-color($color: $brand-yellow) { + -webkit-tap-highlight-color: $color; + -moz-tap-highlight-color: $color; + -ms-tap-highlight-color: $color; + -o-tap-highlight-color: $color; + tap-highlight-color: $color; +} + +@mixin backdrop { + @include background(linear-gradient(white, white 85%, $gray-1)); + background-color: white; +} + + +/** + * Theme Styles + */ +::selection { + color: white; + background-color: $brand-yellow; + @include text-shadow(none); +} + +::-webkit-scrollbar { + height: 16px; + overflow: visible; + width: 16px; +} +::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { + background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1); + background-clip: padding-box; + border: solid transparent; + min-height: 28px; + padding: 100px 0 0; + @include box-shadow(inset 1px 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.07)); + border-width: 1px 1px 1px 6px; +} +::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { + background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); +} +::-webkit-scrollbar-button { + height: 0; + width: 0; +} +::-webkit-scrollbar-track { + background-clip: padding-box; + border: solid transparent; + border-width: 0 0 0 4px; +} +::-webkit-scrollbar-corner { + background: transparent; +} + +body { + background: black; +} + +slides > slide { + display: none; + font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, sans-serif; + font-size: 26px; + color: $gray-3; + //@include background(linear-gradient(white, white 85%, $gray-1)); + //background-color: white; + width: $slide-width; + height: $slide-height; + margin-left: -$slide-width / 2; + margin-top: -$slide-height / 2; + padding: $slide-top-bottom-padding $slide-left-right-padding; + + @include border-radius($slide-border-radius); + //@include box-shadow(5px 5px 20px $gray-4); + @include transition(all 0.6s ease-in-out); + + //$translateX: 1020px; + //$rotateY: 30deg; + //$rotateX: 45deg; + + &.far-past { + //display: block; + display: none; + //@include transform(translate(-$translateX * 2)); + //@include transform(translate3d(-$translateX * 2, 0, 0)); + } + + &.past { + display: block; + //@include transform(translate(-$translateX) rotateY($rotateY) rotateX($rotateX)); + //@include transform(translate3d(-$translateX, 0, 0) rotateY($rotateY) rotateX($rotateX)); + opacity: 0; + } + + &.current { + display: block; + //@include transform(translate(0)); + //@include transform(translate3d(0, 0, 0)); + opacity: 1; + + .auto-fadein { + opacity: 1; + } + + .gdbar { + @include background-size(100% 100%); + } + } + + &.next { + display: block; + //@include transform(translate($translateX) rotateY(-$rotateY) rotateX($rotateX)); + //@include transform(translate3d($translateX, 0, 0) rotateY(-$rotateY) rotateX($rotateX)); + opacity: 0; + pointer-events: none; + } + + &.far-next { + //display: block; + display: none; + //@include transform(translate($translateX * 2)); + //@include transform(translate3d($translateX * 2, 0, 0)); + } + + &.dark { + background: $gray-4 !important; + } + + &:not(.nobackground) { + //background: white url(../../images/google_developers_icon_128.png) ($brand-small-icon-size * 2) 98% no-repeat; + //@include background-size($brand-small-icon-size $brand-small-icon-size); + + &:before { + font-size: 12pt; + content: $social-tags; + position: absolute; + bottom: $slide-top-bottom-padding / 2; + left: $slide-left-right-padding; + // background: url(../../images/google_developers_icon_128.png) no-repeat 0 50%; + @include background-size($brand-small-icon-size $brand-small-icon-size); + padding-left: $brand-small-icon-size + 10; + height: $brand-small-icon-size; + line-height: 1.9; + } + &:after { + font-size: 12pt; + content: attr(data-slide-num) '/' attr(data-total-slides); + position: absolute; + bottom: $slide-top-bottom-padding / 2; + right: $slide-left-right-padding; + line-height: 1.9; + } + } + + &.title-slide { + &:after { + content: ''; + //background: url(../../images/io2012_logo.png) no-repeat 100% 50%; + //@include background-size(contain); + position: absolute; + bottom: $slide-top-bottom-padding; + right: $slide-top-bottom-padding; + width: 100%; + height: 60px; + } + } + + &.backdrop { + z-index: -10; + display: block !important; + @include backdrop; + + &:after, &:before { + display: none; // Prevent double set of slide nums and footer icons. + } + } + + > hgroup + article { + margin-top: $article-content-top-padding; + + &.flexbox { + &.vcenter, &.vleft, &.vright { + height: 80%; + } + } + + p { + margin-bottom: 1em; + } + } + + > article:only-child { + height: 100%; + + > iframe { + height: 98%; + } + } +} + +slides.layout-faux-widescreen > slide { + padding: $slide-top-bottom-padding 160px; +} + +slides.layout-widescreen, +slides.layout-faux-widescreen { + + $translateX: 1130px; + + > slide { + margin-left: -$slide-width-widescreen / 2; + width: $slide-width-widescreen; + } + + > slide.far-past { + display: block; + display: none; + @include transform(translate(-$translateX * 2)); + @include transform(translate3d(-$translateX * 2, 0, 0)); + } + + > slide.past { + display: block; + //@include transform(translate(-$translateX)); + //@include transform(translate3d(-$translateX, 0, 0)); + opacity: 0; + } + + > slide.current { + display: block; + //@include transform(translate(0)); + //@include transform(translate3d(0, 0, 0)); + opacity: 1; + } + + > slide.next { + display: block; + //@include transform(translate($translateX)); + //@include transform(translate3d($translateX, 0, 0)); + opacity: 0; + pointer-events: none; + } + + > slide.far-next { + display: block; + display: none; + @include transform(translate($translateX * 2)); + @include transform(translate3d($translateX * 2, 0, 0)); + } + + #prev-slide-area { + margin-left: -$slide-width-widescreen / 2 - $slide-tap-area-width; + } + + #next-slide-area { + margin-left: $slide-width-widescreen / 2; + } +} + +b { + font-weight: 600; +} + +a { + color: $brand-blue-secondary2; + text-decoration: none; + border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(42, 124, 223, 0.5); + + &:hover { + color: black !important; + } +} + +h1, h2, h3 { + font-weight: 600; +} + +h2 { + font-size: 45px; + line-height: 45px; + letter-spacing: -2px; + color: $gray-4; +} + +h3 { + font-size: 30px; + letter-spacing: -1px; + line-height: 2; + font-weight: inherit; + color: $gray-3; +} + +ul { + margin-left: 1.2em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + position: relative; + + li { + margin-bottom: 0.5em; + + ul { + margin-left: 2em; + margin-bottom: 0; + + li:before { + content: '-'; + font-weight: 600; + } + } + } + + > li:before { + content: '\00B7'; + margin-left: -1em; + position: absolute; + font-weight: 600; + } + + ul { + margin-top: .5em; + } +} + +// Code highlighting only effects the current slide. +.highlight-code slide.current { + pre > * { + opacity: 0.25; + @include transition(opacity 0.5s ease-in); + } + b { + opacity: 1; + } +} + +pre { + font-family: 'Source Code Pro', 'Courier New', monospace; + font-size: 20px; + line-height: 28px; + padding: 10px 0 10px $slide-left-right-padding; + letter-spacing: -1px; + margin-bottom: 20px; + width: 106%; + background-color: $gray-1; + left: -$slide-left-right-padding; + position: relative; + @include box-sizing(border-box); + /*overflow: hidden;*/ + + &[data-lang]:after { + content: attr(data-lang); + background-color: $gray-2; + right: 0; + top: 0; + position: absolute; + font-size: 16pt; + color: white; + padding: 2px 25px; + text-transform: uppercase; + } +} + +pre[data-lang="go"] { + color: #333; +} + +code { + font-size: 95%; + font-family: 'Source Code Pro', 'Courier New', monospace; + color: black; +} + +iframe { + width: 100%; + height: $slide-height - ($slide-top-bottom-padding * 2) - ($article-content-top-padding * 2); + background: white; + border: 1px solid $gray-1; + @include box-sizing(border-box); +} + +dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +button { + display: inline-block; + @include background(linear-gradient(#F9F9F9 40%, #E3E3E3 70%)); + border: 1px solid $gray-2; + @include border-radius(3px); + padding: 5px 8px; + outline: none; + white-space: nowrap; + @include user-select(none); + cursor: pointer; + @include text-shadow(1px 1px #fff); + font-size: 10pt; +} + +button:not(:disabled):hover { + border-color: $gray-4; +} + +button:not(:disabled):active { + @include background(linear-gradient(#E3E3E3 40%, #F9F9F9 70%)); +} + +:disabled { + color: $gray-2; +} + +.blue { + color: $brand-blue; +} +.blue2 { + color: $brand-blue-secondary; +} +.blue3 { + color: $brand-blue-secondary2; +} +.yellow { + color: $brand-yellow; +} +.yellow2 { + color: $brand-yellow-secondary; +} +.yellow3 { + color: $brand-yellow-secondary2; +} +.green { + color: $brand-green; +} +.green2 { + color: $brand-green-secondary; +} +.green3 { + color: $brand-green-secondary2; +} +.red { + color: $brand-red; +} +.red2 { + color: $brand-red-secondary; +} +.red3 { + color: $brand-red-secondary2; +} +.gray { + color: $gray-1; +} +.gray2 { + color: $gray-2; +} +.gray3 { + color: $gray-3; +} +.gray4 { + color: $gray-4; +} + +.white { + color: white !important; +} +.black { + color: black !important; +} + +.columns-2 { + @include column-count(2); +} + +table { + width: 100%; + border-collapse: -moz-initial; + border-collapse: initial; + border-spacing: 2px; + border-bottom: 1px solid $gray-3; + + tr > td:first-child, th { + font-weight: 600; + color: $gray-4; + } + + tr:nth-child(odd) { + background-color: $gray-1; + } + + th { + color: white; + font-size: 18px; + @include background(linear-gradient(top, $brand-blue 40%, $brand-blue-secondary2 80%) no-repeat); + } + + td, th { + font-size: 18px; + padding: 1em 0.5em; + } + + td.highlight { + color: $gray-4; + @include background(linear-gradient(top, $brand-yellow 40%, $brand-yellow-secondary2 80%) no-repeat); + } + + &.rows { + border-bottom: none; + border-right: 1px solid $gray-3; + } +} + +q { + font-size: 45px; + line-height: 72px; + + &:before { + content: '“'; + position: absolute; + margin-left: -0.5em; + } + &:after { + content: 'â€'; + position: absolute; + margin-left: 0.1em; + } +} + +slide.fill { + background-repeat: no-repeat; + @include border-radius($slide-border-radius); + @include background-size(cover); +} + +/* Size variants */ + +article.smaller { + p, ul { + font-size: 20px; + line-height: 24px; + letter-spacing: 0; + } + table { + td, th { + font-size: 14px; + } + } + pre { + font-size: 15px; + line-height: 20px; + letter-spacing: 0; + } + q { + font-size: 40px; + line-height: 48px; + + &:before, &:after { + font-size: 60px; + } + } +} + +/* Builds */ + +.build { + > * { + @include transition(opacity 0.5s ease-in-out 0.2s); + } + + .to-build { + opacity: 0; + } + + .build-fade { + opacity: 0.3; + + &:hover { + opacity: 1.0; + } + } +} + +.popup .next .build { + .to-build { + opacity: 1; + } + + .build-fade { + opacity: 1; + } +} + +/* Pretty print */ + +.prettyprint .str, /* string content */ +.prettyprint .atv { /* a markup attribute value */ + color: $brand-green-secondary2; //rgb(0, 138, 53); +} +.prettyprint .kwd, /* a keyword */ +.prettyprint .tag { /* a markup tag name */ + color: rgb(0, 102, 204); +} +.prettyprint .com { /* a comment */ + color: $gray-3; //rgb(127, 127, 127); + font-style: italic; +} +.prettyprint .lit { /* a literal value */ + color: rgb(127, 0, 0); +} +.prettyprint .pun, /* punctuation, lisp open bracket, lisp close bracket */ +.prettyprint .opn, +.prettyprint .clo { + color: $gray-4; //rgb(127, 127, 127); +} +.prettyprint .typ, /* a type name */ +.prettyprint .atn, /* a markup attribute name */ +.prettyprint .dec, +.prettyprint .var { /* a declaration; a variable name */ + color: $brand-red-secondary2; //rgb(127, 0, 127); +} +.prettyprint .pln { + color: $gray-4; +} + +.note { + position: absolute; + z-index: 100; + width: 100%; + height: 100%; + top: 0; + left: 0; + padding: 1em; + background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); + opacity: 0; + pointer-events: none; + @include flexbox; + @include flex-center-center; + @include border-radius($slide-border-radius); + + @include box-sizing(border-box); + @include transform(translateY($slide-height / 2));@include transition(all 0.4s ease-in-out); + + > section { + background: #fff; + @include border-radius($slide-border-radius); + @include box-shadow(0 0 10px $gray-3); + width: 60%; + padding: 2em; + } +} + +// Speaker notes only show the current slide. +.with-notes { + + &.popup { + + slides.layout-widescreen, + slides.layout-faux-widescreen { + slide { + &.next { + @include transform(translate3d($slide-width-widescreen / 2 + 140, 80px, 0) scale(0.35)); + } + .note { + @include transform(translate3d(300px, $slide-height + 100, 0) scale(1.5)); + } + } + } + + slide { + overflow: visible; + background: white; + @include transition(none); // No slide transition goodies when in presenter mode. + pointer-events: none; + @include transform-origin(0, 0); // For speaker note transition. + + &:not(.backdrop) { + @include transform(scale(0.6) translate3d(0.5em, 0.5em, 0)); + @include box-shadow(0 0 10px $gray-3); + } + + &.backdrop { + //@include background(linear-gradient($gray-1, white 30%, white 60%, $gray-1)); + @include background-image(radial-gradient(50% 50%, #b1dfff 0%, + $brand-blue 600px)); + } + + &.next { + @include transform(translate3d($slide-width / 2 + 120, 80px, 0) scale(0.35)); + opacity: 1 !important; + + .note { + display: none !important; // Prevents seeing notes if we go to previous slide. + } + } + } + + .note { + width: 109%; + height: $slide-height / 2 - 90; + background: $gray-1; + padding: 0; + + @include box-shadow(0 0 10px $gray-3); + + @include transform(translate3d(250px, $slide-height + 100, 0) scale(1.5)); + @include transition(opacity 400ms ease-in-out); + + > section { + background: #fff; + @include border-radius($slide-border-radius); + height: 100%; + width: 100%; + @include box-sizing(border-box); + @include box-shadow(none); + overflow: auto; + padding: 1em; + } + } + } + + .note { + opacity: 1; + @include transform(translateY(0)); + pointer-events: auto; // Allow people to do things like open links embedded in the speaker notes. + } +} + +.source { + font-size: 14px; + color: $gray-2; + position: absolute; + bottom: $slide-top-bottom-padding + 30px; + left: $slide-left-right-padding; +} + +.centered { + text-align: center; +} + +.reflect { + -webkit-box-reflect: below 3px -webkit-linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0) 85%, white 150%); + -moz-box-reflect: below 3px -moz-linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0) 85%, white 150%); + -o-box-reflect: below 3px -o-linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0) 85%, white 150%); + -ms-box-reflect: below 3px -ms-linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0) 85%, white 150%); + box-reflect: below 3px linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0) 85%, white 150%); +} + +.flexbox { + @include flexbox; +} + +.flexbox.vcenter { + @include flex-center-center; + height: 100%; + width: 100%; +} + +.flexbox.vleft { + @include flex-left-center; + height: 100%; + width: 100%; +} + +.flexbox.vright { + @include flex-right-center; + height: 100%; + width: 100%; +} + +.auto-fadein { + @include transition(opacity 0.6s ease-in 1s); + opacity: 0; +} + +/* Clickable/tappable areas */ +.slide-area { + z-index: 1000; + + position: absolute; + left: 0; + top: 0; + width: $slide-tap-area-width; + height: $slide-height; + + left: 50%; + top: 50%; + + cursor: pointer; + margin-top: -$slide-height / 2; + + //@include highlight-color(rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5)); +} +#prev-slide-area { + margin-left: -$slide-width-widescreen / 2; + //@include border-radius(10px 0 0 10px); + //@include box-shadow(-5px 0 10px #222 inset); +} +#next-slide-area { + margin-left: $slide-width / 2; + //@include border-radius(0 10px 10px 0); + //@include box-shadow(5px 0 10px #222 inset); +} + +/* ===== SLIDE CONTENT ===== */ +.logoslide { + img { + width: 383px; + height: 92px; + } +} + +.segue { + padding: $slide-left-right-padding $slide-left-right-padding * 2; + + h2 { + color: $gray-1; + font-size: 60px; + } + h3 { + color: $gray-1; + line-height: 2.8; + } + hgroup { + position: absolute; + bottom: 225px; + } +} + +.thank-you-slide { + background: $brand-blue !important; + color: white; + + h2 { + font-size: 60px; + color: inherit; + } + + article > p { + margin-top: 2em; + font-size: 20pt; + } + + > p { + position: absolute; + bottom: $slide-top-bottom-padding * 2; + font-size: 24pt; + line-height: 1.3; + } +} + +aside.gdbar { + height: 97px; + width: 215px; + position: absolute; + left: -1px; + top: 125px; + @include border-radius(0 10px 10px 0); + @include background(linear-gradient(left, $gray-1, $gray-1) no-repeat); + @include background-size(0% 100%); + @include transition(all 0.5s ease-out 0.5s); /* Better to transition only on background-size, but not sure how to do that with the mixin. */ + + &.right { + right: 0; + left: -moz-initial; + left: initial; + top: ($slide-height / 2) - 96; /* 96 is height of gray icon bar */ + @include transform(rotateZ(180deg)); + + img { + @include transform(rotateZ(180deg)); + } + } + + &.bottom { + top: -moz-initial; + top: initial; + bottom: $slide-left-right-padding; + } + + img { + width: 85px; + height: 85px; + position: absolute; + right: 0; + margin: 8px 15px; + } +} + +.title-slide { + + hgroup { + bottom: 100px; + + h1 { + font-size: 65px; + line-height: 1.4; + letter-spacing: -3px; + color: $gray-4; + } + + h2 { + font-size: 34px; + color: $gray-2; + font-weight: inherit; + } + + p { + font-size: 20px; + color: $gray-3; + line-height: 1.3; + margin-top: 2em; + } + } +} + +.quote { + color: $gray-1; + + .author { + font-size: 24px; + position: absolute; + bottom: 80px; + line-height: 1.4; + } +} + +[data-config-contact] { + a { + color: rgb(255, 255, 255); + border-bottom: none; + } + span { + width: 115px; + display: inline-block; + } +} + +.overview { + + &.popup { + .note { + display: none !important; + } + } + + slides { + slide { + &.backdrop { + display: none !important; + } + + display: block; + cursor: pointer; + opacity: 0.5; + pointer-events: auto !important; + + @include backdrop(); + + &.far-past, + &.past, + &.next, + &.far-next, + &.far-past { + opacity: 0.5; + display: block; + } + + &.current { + opacity: 1; + } + } + } + + .slide-area { + display: none; + } +} + +@media print { + slides { + slide { + display: block !important; + position: relative; + @include backdrop(); + @include transform(none !important); + width: 100%; + height: 100%; + page-break-after:always; + top: auto !important; + left: auto !important; + margin-top: 0 !important; + margin-left: 0 !important; + opacity: 1 !important; + color: #555; + + &.far-past, + &.past, + &.next, + &.far-next, + &.far-past, + &.current { + opacity: 1 !important; + display: block !important; + } + + .build { + > * { + @include transition(none); + } + + .to-build, + .build-fade { + opacity: 1; + } + } + + .auto-fadein { + opacity: 1 !important; + } + + &.backdrop { + display: none !important; + } + + table.rows { + border-right: 0; + } + } + + slide[hidden] { + display: none !important; + } + } + + .slide-area { + display: none; + } + + .reflect { + -webkit-box-reflect: none; + -moz-box-reflect: none; + -o-box-reflect: none; + -ms-box-reflect: none; + box-reflect: none; + } + + pre, code { + font-family: monospace !important; + } +} diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/hieroglyph.scss b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/hieroglyph.scss new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e4060852 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/hieroglyph.scss @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +@import "compass/css3/background-size"; + +@import "variables"; + +ol { + margin-left: 1.2em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + position: relative; + list-style: decimal; + + li { + margin-bottom: 0.5em; + + ol { + margin-left: 2em; + margin-bottom: 0; + list-style: decimal; + + li:before { + font-weight: 600; + } + } + } + + ol { + margin-top: .5em; + list-style: decimal; + + } +} + +slide.title-image { + + padding-right: 0px; + + hgroup { + position: static !important; + + margin-top: 35%; + padding-left: 30px; + + background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); + + border-top-left-radius: $slide-border-radius; + -webkit-border-top-left-radius: $slide-border-radius; + -moz-border-top-left-radius: $slide-border-radius; + -o-border-top-left-radius: $slide-border-radius; + } + + hgroup + article { + background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); + + margin-top: 0px; + padding-left: 30px; + + border-bottom-left-radius: $slide-border-radius; + -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius: $slide-border-radius; + -moz-border-bottom-left-radius: $slide-border-radius; + -o-border-bottom-left-radius: $slide-border-radius; + } + + h1 { + color: #222; + font-size: 3.2em; + + line-height: 1.5em; + font-weight: 500; + } + + div.figure { + + img { + position: absolute; + left: 0; + top: 0; + min-width: 100%; + min-height: 100%; + + border-radius: $slide-border-radius; + -o-border-radius: $slide-border-radius; + -moz-border-radius: $slide-border-radius; + -webkit-border-radius: $slide-border-radius; + + z-index: -1; + } + + .caption { + color: black; + background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); + padding: 0 5px; + border-bottom-left-radius: $slide-border-radius; + border-top-right-radius: $slide-border-radius; + + position: absolute; + left: 0; + bottom: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + } + } +} diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/io2013.scss b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/io2013.scss new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c728cfbf --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/io2013.scss @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +@import "compass/css3/background-size"; + +@import "variables"; + +* { + line-height: 1.3; +} + +h2 { + font-weight: bold; +} +h2, h3 { + color: $gray-4; +} + +q, blockquote { + font-weight: bold; +} + +slides > slide { + color: $gray-4; + + &.title-slide { + &:after { + content: ''; + background: url(../../images/io2013/google-io-lockup-1.png) no-repeat 100% 50%; + @include background-size(contain); + position: absolute; + bottom: $slide-top-bottom-padding + 40; + right: $slide-top-bottom-padding; + width: 100%; + height: 90px; + } + + hgroup { + h1 { + font-weight: bold; + line-height: 1.1; + } + h2, p { + color: $gray-4; + } + h2 { + margin-top: 0.25em; + } + p { + margin-top: 3em; + } + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/phone.scss b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/phone.scss new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c6a40432 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/static/theme/scss/phone.scss @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +@import "compass/css3/transition"; + + +/*Smartphones (portrait and landscape) ----------- */ +/*@media only screen +and (min-width : 320px) +and (max-width : 480px) { + +}*/ + +/* Smartphones (portrait) ----------- */ +//@media only screen and (max-device-width: 480px) { +/* Styles */ +//$slide-width: 350px; +//$slide-height: 500px; + +slides > slide { +/* width: $slide-width !important; + height: $slide-height !important; + margin-left: -$slide-width / 2 !important; + margin-top: -$slide-height / 2 !important; +*/ + // Don't do full slide transitions on mobile. + -webkit-transition: none !important; // Bug in compass? Not sure why the below is not working + @include transition(none !important); +} + +//} + +/* iPhone 4 ----------- */ +@media +only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5), +only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) { +/* Styles */ +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/theme.conf b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/theme.conf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8919ebcc --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/theme.conf @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +[theme] +inherit = slides2 +stylesheet = slides.css + +[options] +custom_css = +custom_js = + +subtitle = +use_builds = true +use_prettify = true +enable_slide_areas = true +enable_touch = true +favicon = '' +presenters = diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/title_slide.html b/source/_themes/uwpce_slides2/title_slide.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/layout.html b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/layout.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8780ceae --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/layout.html @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +{%- extends "basic/layout.html" %} + +{%- block extrahead %} + + + +{% endblock %} + +{% block header %} +{%- if logo %} +
          + +
          +{%- endif %} +{% endblock %} + +{%- block sidebarlogo %}{%- endblock %} +{%- block sidebarsourcelink %}{%- endblock %} diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/dialog-note.png b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/dialog-note.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..263fbd58 Binary files /dev/null and b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/dialog-note.png differ diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/dialog-seealso.png b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/dialog-seealso.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3eb7b05c Binary files /dev/null and b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/dialog-seealso.png differ diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/dialog-todo.png b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/dialog-todo.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..babc4b6c Binary files /dev/null and b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/dialog-todo.png differ diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/dialog-topic.png b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/dialog-topic.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2ac57475 Binary files /dev/null and b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/dialog-topic.png differ diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/dialog-warning.png b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/dialog-warning.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7233d45d Binary files /dev/null and b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/dialog-warning.png differ diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/epub.css b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/epub.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7465a421 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/epub.css @@ -0,0 +1,310 @@ +/* + * default.css_t + * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- default theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2014 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +@import url("basic.css"); + +/* -- page layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +body { + font-family: {{ theme_bodyfont }}; + font-size: 100%; + background-color: {{ theme_footerbgcolor }}; + color: #000; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +div.document { + background-color: {{ theme_sidebarbgcolor }}; +} + +div.documentwrapper { + float: left; + width: 100%; +} + +div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 0 0 230px; +} + +div.body { + background-color: {{ theme_bgcolor }}; + color: {{ theme_textcolor }}; + padding: 0 20px 30px 20px; +} + +{%- if theme_rightsidebar|tobool %} +div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 230px 0 0; +} +{%- endif %} + +div.footer { + color: {{ theme_footertextcolor }}; + width: 100%; + padding: 9px 0 9px 0; + text-align: center; + font-size: 75%; +} + +div.footer a { + color: {{ theme_footertextcolor }}; + text-decoration: underline; +} + +div.related { + background-color: {{ theme_relbarbgcolor }}; + line-height: 30px; + color: {{ theme_relbartextcolor }}; +} + +div.related a { + color: {{ theme_relbarlinkcolor }}; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + {%- if theme_stickysidebar|tobool %} + top: 30px; + bottom: 0; + margin: 0; + position: fixed; + overflow: auto; + height: auto; + {%- endif %} + {%- if theme_rightsidebar|tobool %} + float: right; + {%- if theme_stickysidebar|tobool %} + right: 0; + {%- endif %} + {%- endif %} +} + +{%- if theme_stickysidebar|tobool %} +/* this is nice, but it it leads to hidden headings when jumping + to an anchor */ +/* +div.related { + position: fixed; +} + +div.documentwrapper { + margin-top: 30px; +} +*/ +{%- endif %} + +div.sphinxsidebar h3 { + font-family: {{ theme_headfont }}; + color: {{ theme_sidebartextcolor }}; + font-size: 1.4em; + font-weight: normal; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar h3 a { + color: {{ theme_sidebartextcolor }}; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar h4 { + font-family: {{ theme_headfont }}; + color: {{ theme_sidebartextcolor }}; + font-size: 1.3em; + font-weight: normal; + margin: 5px 0 0 0; + padding: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar p { + color: {{ theme_sidebartextcolor }}; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar p.topless { + margin: 5px 10px 10px 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + margin: 10px; + padding: 0; + color: {{ theme_sidebartextcolor }}; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar a { + color: {{ theme_sidebarlinkcolor }}; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid {{ theme_sidebarlinkcolor }}; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + +{% if theme_collapsiblesidebar|tobool %} +/* for collapsible sidebar */ +div#sidebarbutton { + background-color: {{ theme_sidebarbtncolor }}; +} +{% endif %} + +/* -- hyperlink styles ------------------------------------------------------ */ + +a { + color: {{ theme_linkcolor }}; + text-decoration: none; +} + +a:visited { + color: {{ theme_visitedlinkcolor }}; + text-decoration: none; +} + +a:hover { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +{% if theme_externalrefs|tobool %} +a.external { + text-decoration: none; + border-bottom: 1px dashed {{ theme_linkcolor }}; +} + +a.external:hover { + text-decoration: none; + border-bottom: none; +} + +a.external:visited { + text-decoration: none; + border-bottom: 1px dashed {{ theme_visitedlinkcolor }}; +} +{% endif %} + +/* -- body styles ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.body h1, +div.body h2, +div.body h3, +div.body h4, +div.body h5, +div.body h6 { + font-family: {{ theme_headfont }}; + background-color: {{ theme_headbgcolor }}; + font-weight: normal; + color: {{ theme_headtextcolor }}; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; + margin: 20px -20px 10px -20px; + padding: 3px 0 3px 10px; +} + +div.body h1 { margin-top: 0; font-size: 200%; } +div.body h2 { font-size: 160%; } +div.body h3 { font-size: 140%; } +div.body h4 { font-size: 120%; } +div.body h5 { font-size: 110%; } +div.body h6 { font-size: 100%; } + +a.headerlink { + color: {{ theme_headlinkcolor }}; + font-size: 0.8em; + padding: 0 4px 0 4px; + text-decoration: none; +} + +a.headerlink:hover { + background-color: {{ theme_headlinkcolor }}; + color: white; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li { + text-align: justify; + line-height: 130%; +} + +div.admonition p.admonition-title + p { + display: inline; +} + +div.admonition p { + margin-bottom: 5px; +} + +div.admonition pre { + margin-bottom: 5px; +} + +div.admonition ul, div.admonition ol { + margin-bottom: 5px; +} + +div.note { + background-color: #eee; + border: 1px solid #ccc; +} + +div.seealso { + background-color: #ffc; + border: 1px solid #ff6; +} + +div.topic { + background-color: #eee; +} + +div.warning { + background-color: #ffe4e4; + border: 1px solid #f66; +} + +p.admonition-title { + display: inline; +} + +p.admonition-title:after { + content: ":"; +} + +pre { + padding: 5px; + background-color: {{ theme_codebgcolor }}; + color: {{ theme_codetextcolor }}; + line-height: 120%; + border: 1px solid #ac9; + border-left: none; + border-right: none; +} + +tt { + background-color: #ecf0f3; + padding: 0 1px 0 1px; + font-size: 0.95em; +} + +th { + background-color: #ede; +} + +.warning tt { + background: #efc2c2; +} + +.note tt { + background: #d6d6d6; +} + +.viewcode-back { + font-family: {{ theme_bodyfont }}; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + background-color: #f4debf; + border-top: 1px solid #ac9; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ac9; +} diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/footerbg.png b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/footerbg.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1fbc873d Binary files /dev/null and b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/footerbg.png differ diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/headerbg.png b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/headerbg.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0596f202 Binary files /dev/null and b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/headerbg.png differ diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/ie6.css b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/ie6.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..74baa5d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/ie6.css @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +* html img, +* html .png{position:relative;behavior:expression((this.runtimeStyle.behavior="none")&&(this.pngSet?this.pngSet=true:(this.nodeName == "IMG" && this.src.toLowerCase().indexOf('.png')>-1?(this.runtimeStyle.backgroundImage = "none", +this.runtimeStyle.filter = "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='" + this.src + "',sizingMethod='image')", +this.src = "_static/transparent.gif"):(this.origBg = this.origBg? this.origBg :this.currentStyle.backgroundImage.toString().replace('url("','').replace('")',''), +this.runtimeStyle.filter = "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='" + this.origBg + "',sizingMethod='crop')", +this.runtimeStyle.backgroundImage = "none")),this.pngSet=true) +);} diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/middlebg.png b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/middlebg.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2369cfb7 Binary files /dev/null and b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/middlebg.png differ diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/pyramid.css_t b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/pyramid.css_t new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ffe91a17 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/pyramid.css_t @@ -0,0 +1,369 @@ +/* + * pyramid.css_t + * ~~~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- pylons theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2014 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +@import url("basic.css"); + +/* -- page layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +body { + font-family: "Nobile", sans-serif; + font-size: 100%; + background-color: #393939; + color: #ffffff; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +div.documentwrapper { + float: left; + width: 100%; +} + +div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 0 0 {{ theme_sidebarwidth }}px; +} + +hr { + border: 1px solid #B1B4B6; +} + +div.document { + background-color: #eee; +} + +div.header { + width:100%; + background-color: #393939; + border-bottom: 2px solid #ffffff; + height:105px; + /* width:100%; + height:120px; + background:#eee; */ +} + +/* div.logo { + text-align: center; + padding-top: 10px; +} */ + +div.logo { + text-align: left; + padding: 10px; + margin-bottom: -20px +} +div.logo img { + height: auto; + width: auto; + position: absolute; + top: 0px; + left: 10px; +} +div.logo p { + font-size: 18px; + font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; + text-transform: uppercase; + color: #FFF; + text-decoration: none; + border: none; + padding: 14px 0px 19px; + margin: 0px 60px; +} + +div.body { + background-color: #ffffff; + color: #3E4349; + padding: 0 30px 30px 30px; + font-size: 1em; + border: 2px solid #ddd; + border-right-style: none; + overflow: auto; +} + +div.footer { + color: #ffffff; + width: 100%; + padding: 13px 0; + text-align: center; + font-size: 75%; + background: transparent; + clear:both; +} + +div.footer a { + color: #ffffff; + text-decoration: none; +} + +div.footer a:hover { + color: #e88f00; + text-decoration: underline; +} + +div.related { + line-height: 30px; + color: #373839; + font-size: 0.8em; + background-color: #eee; +} + +div.related a { + color: #1b61d6; +} + +div.related ul { + padding-left: {{ theme_sidebarwidth|toint + 10 }}px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + font-size: 0.75em; + line-height: 1.5em; +} + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper{ + padding: 10px 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar h3, +div.sphinxsidebar h4 { + font-family: "Neuton", sans-serif; + color: #373839; + font-size: 1.4em; + font-weight: normal; + margin: 0; + padding: 5px 10px; + border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar h4{ + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar h3 a { + color: #000000; +} + + +div.sphinxsidebar p { + color: #888; + padding: 5px 20px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar p.topless { +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + margin: 10px 20px; + padding: 0; + color: #373839; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar a { + color: #444; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input[type=text]{ + margin-left: 20px; +} + +/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar { + margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; + border: 2px solid #c6d880; + background-color: #e6efc2; + width: 40%; + float: right; + border-right-style: none; + border-left-style: none; + padding: 10px 20px; +} + +p.sidebar-title { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* -- body styles ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +a, a .pre { + color: #1b61d6; + text-decoration: none; +} + +a:hover, a:hover .pre { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +div.body h1, +div.body h2, +div.body h3, +div.body h4, +div.body h5, +div.body h6 { + font-family: "Neuton", sans-serif; + background-color: #ffffff; + font-weight: normal; + color: #373839; + margin: 30px 0px 10px 0px; + padding: 5px 0; +} + +div.body h1 { border-top: 20px solid white; margin-top: 0; font-size: 200%; } +div.body h2 { font-size: 150%; background-color: #ffffff; } +div.body h3 { font-size: 120%; background-color: #ffffff; } +div.body h4 { font-size: 110%; background-color: #ffffff; } +div.body h5 { font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffffff; } +div.body h6 { font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffffff; } + +a.headerlink { + color: #1b61d6; + font-size: 0.8em; + padding: 0 4px 0 4px; + text-decoration: none; +} + +a.headerlink:hover { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li { + line-height: 1.5em; +} + +div.admonition p.admonition-title + p { + display: inline; +} + +div.admonition { + background: #eeeeec; + border: 2px solid #babdb6; + border-right-style: none; + border-left-style: none; + padding: 10px 20px 10px 60px; +} + +div.highlight{ + background-color: white; +} + +div.note { + border: 2px solid #7a9eec; + border-right-style: none; + border-left-style: none; + padding: 10px 20px 10px 60px; + background: #e1ecfe url(dialog-note.png) no-repeat 10px 8px; +} + +div.seealso { + background: #fff6bf url(dialog-seealso.png) no-repeat 10px 8px; + border: 2px solid #ffd324; + border-left-style: none; + border-right-style: none; + padding: 10px 20px 10px 60px; +} + +div.topic { + background: #eeeeee; + border: 2px solid #C6C9CB; + padding: 10px 20px; + border-right-style: none; + border-left-style: none; +} + +div.warning { + background: #fbe3e4 url(dialog-warning.png) no-repeat 10px 8px; + border: 2px solid #fbc2c4; + border-right-style: none; + border-left-style: none; + padding: 10px 20px 10px 60px; +} + +div.admonition-todo { + background: #f2d9b4 url(dialog-todo.png) no-repeat 10px 8px; + border: 2px solid #e9b96e; + border-right-style: none; + border-left-style: none; + padding: 10px 20px 10px 60px; +} + +div.note p.admonition-title, +div.warning p.admonition-title, +div.seealso p.admonition-title, +div.admonition-todo p.admonition-title { + display: none; +} + +p.admonition-title:after { + content: ":"; +} + +pre { + padding: 10px; + background-color: #fafafa; + color: #222; + line-height: 1.2em; + border: 2px solid #C6C9CB; + font-size: 1.1em; + margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 0; + border-right-style: none; + border-left-style: none; +} + +tt { + background-color: transparent; + color: #222; + font-size: 1.1em; + font-family: monospace; +} + +.viewcode-back { + font-family: "Nobile", sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + background-color: #fff6bf; + border: 2px solid #ffd324; + border-left-style: none; + border-right-style: none; + padding: 10px 20px; +} + +table.highlighttable { + width: 100%; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + padding: 0; +} + +a em.std-term { + color: #007f00; +} + +a:hover em.std-term { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.download { + font-family: "Nobile", sans-serif; + font-weight: normal; + font-style: normal; +} + +tt.xref { + font-weight: normal; + font-style: normal; +} diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/transparent.gif b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/transparent.gif new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0341802e Binary files /dev/null and b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/static/transparent.gif differ diff --git a/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/theme.conf b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/theme.conf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..409579fd --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_themes/uwpce_theme/theme.conf @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +[theme] +inherit = basic +stylesheet = pyramid.css +pygments_style = sphinx.pygments_styles.PyramidStyle diff --git a/source/main/conf.py b/source/conf.py similarity index 83% rename from source/main/conf.py rename to source/conf.py index 71725224..444d7da7 100644 --- a/source/main/conf.py +++ b/source/conf.py @@ -25,7 +25,16 @@ # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be extensions # coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom ones. -extensions = [] +extensions = [ + 'sphinx.ext.doctest', + 'sphinx.ext.intersphinx', + 'sphinx.ext.todo', + 'sphinx.ext.coverage', + 'sphinx.ext.pngmath', + 'sphinx.ext.ifconfig', + 'IPython.sphinxext.ipython_console_highlighting', + 'IPython.sphinxext.ipython_directive', +] # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory. templates_path = ['_templates'] @@ -41,16 +50,16 @@ # General information about the project. project = u'Internet Programming with Python' -copyright = u'2012, Cris Ewing' +copyright = u'2012-2016, Cris Ewing' # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the # built documents. # # The short X.Y version. -version = '1.0' +version = '3.0' # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags. -release = '1.0' +release = '3.0' # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation # for a list of supported languages. @@ -81,7 +90,7 @@ #show_authors = False # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use. -pygments_style = 'sphinx' +pygments_style = 'colorful' # A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting. #modindex_common_prefix = [] @@ -90,7 +99,7 @@ # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages. See the documentation for # a list of builtin themes. -html_theme = 'default' +html_theme = 'uwpce_theme' # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme # further. For a list of options available for each theme, see the @@ -98,18 +107,18 @@ #html_theme_options = {} # Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory. -#html_theme_path = [] +html_theme_path = ['_themes'] # The name for this set of Sphinx documents. If None, it defaults to # " v documentation". -#html_title = None +html_title = "Internet Programming with Python" # A shorter title for the navigation bar. Default is the same as html_title. -#html_short_title = None +html_short_title = "UWPCE Python 200" # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top # of the sidebar. -#html_logo = None +html_logo = "_static/logo_UW.png" # The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the # docs. This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32 @@ -163,7 +172,7 @@ #html_file_suffix = None # Output file base name for HTML help builder. -htmlhelp_basename = 'InternetProgrammingwithPythondoc' +htmlhelp_basename = 'InternetProgrammingwithPython' # -- Options for LaTeX output -------------------------------------------------- @@ -182,7 +191,7 @@ # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples # (source start file, target name, title, author, documentclass [howto/manual]). latex_documents = [ - ('index', 'InternetProgrammingwithPython.tex', u'Internet Programming with Python Documentation', + ('index', 'InternetProgrammingwithPython.tex', u'Internet Programming with Python', u'Cris Ewing', 'manual'), ] @@ -212,7 +221,7 @@ # One entry per manual page. List of tuples # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section). man_pages = [ - ('index', 'internetprogrammingwithpython', u'Internet Programming with Python Documentation', + ('index', 'internetprogrammingwithpython', u'Internet Programming with Python', [u'Cris Ewing'], 1) ] @@ -226,7 +235,7 @@ # (source start file, target name, title, author, # dir menu entry, description, category) texinfo_documents = [ - ('index', 'InternetProgrammingwithPython', u'Internet Programming with Python Documentation', + ('index', 'InternetProgrammingwithPython', u'Internet Programming with Python', u'Cris Ewing', 'InternetProgrammingwithPython', 'One line description of project.', 'Miscellaneous'), ] @@ -241,13 +250,51 @@ #texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote' +# -- Hieroglyph Slide Configuration ------------ + +extensions += [ + 'hieroglyph', +] + +# TODO: open bug report with hieroglyph plus pr that fixes the documentation +# for this. Current docs suggest that html_theme_path is the setting needed, +# but it is not. +slide_theme_path = ['_themes'] +slide_title = "Internet Programming with Python" +slide_theme = 'uwpce_slides2' +slide_levels = 3 +slide_link_html_to_slides = True +slide_relative_path = './slides' +slide_numbers = True + +# Place custom static assets in the _static directory and uncomment +# the following lines to include them + +slide_theme_options = { + 'subtitle': 'UWPCE Python 200', + 'custom_css': 'custom.css', + # 'custom_js': 'custom.js', + 'presenters': [ + { + 'name': 'Cris Ewing', + 'twitter': '@crisewing', + 'www': 'http://crisewing.com', + 'github': 'http://github.com/cewing', + 'company': 'Cris Ewing, Developer LLC' + }, + ] +} + +# ---------------------------------------------- + + # -- Options for Epub output --------------------------------------------------- # Bibliographic Dublin Core info. epub_title = u'Internet Programming with Python' epub_author = u'Cris Ewing' epub_publisher = u'Cris Ewing' -epub_copyright = u'2012, Cris Ewing' +epub_copyright = u'2012-2015, Cris Ewing' # The language of the text. It defaults to the language option # or en if the language is not set. diff --git a/source/img/granny_mashup.png b/source/img/granny_mashup.png deleted file mode 100644 index a0a57c9e..00000000 Binary files a/source/img/granny_mashup.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/source/index.rst b/source/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..828e3a66 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +.. Internet Programming with Python documentation master file, created by + sphinx-quickstart on Sat Nov 3 13:22:19 2012. + +.. slideconf:: + :autoslides: False + +`UW PCE Certificate Program in Python Programming +`_ + +================================ +Internet Programming with Python +================================ + +.. slide:: Internet Programming with Python + :level: 1 + + .. rst-class:: large center + .. container:: + + No Content + +.. sidebar:: In This Class + + .. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 2 + + outline + presentations/index + readings + +Winter Term, 2016 (10 sessions) + +Tuesdays, 6-9 pm, January 5 - March 8 + + +Overview +======== + +This course emphasizes network-based programming and Web applications, how they +work and how to program them in Python. Explore the underlying principles and +their expression in the Python libraries. Learn contrasting approaches in +creating applications: programming with the low-level libraries versus using +highly integrated frameworks + + +Prerequisites +============= + +To attend this course you should have a working knowledge of the basic syntax +and structures of the Python programming language. You will also need to be +comfortable working at the command line to navigate a file system, create and +delete files, and execute commands. Finally, you should have some basic +knowledge of HTML. + + +Requirements +============ + +This workshop does not provide a computer laboratory. You will have to have a +portable computer in order to participate. Network access is provided, but you +will need to know how to operate the network settings for your computer. + +Your computer must have Python version 3.4 or later installed. No additional +libraries will be required, but we will be installing some as the workshop +progresses. + +To keep clean and isolated development environments, we will make use in class +of the `venv`_ module, a standard library module used to create and maintain +lightweight sandbox environments. + +.. _venv: https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html + +What to Expect +============== + +This course will cover the fundamental concepts of networked programming in +Python. You'll learn everything, starting from the sockets that enable +communications between processes and machines and the basic protocols that +govern this communication, right up to the full-stack frameworks that enable +developers to build rich applications efficiently. + +Along the way, you'll learn through a combination of lecture and activity. +Historical information will be combined with exercises designed to help you +learn the Pythonic way to create programs that interact with each-other across +networks. Each module will include reading lists for more information. +Homework assignments will allow you to dive more deeply into the concepts +introduced in class. + +**This class is** intended to give students a solid grounding in the +fundamentals of network programming. You will gain a basic understanding of a +broad range of Pythonic tools and learn to choose the right tool for a given +task. + +**This class is not** an in-depth course in any single Python web framework. +The intention is to give you the information needed to select the right +framework for your task. To that end, you will learn the basics of the +frameworks covered as well as the choices and compromises that shape them. + + +References +========== + +`Python 3 Documentation `_: Complete +documentation of the language. + +`Python 3 Language Reference `_: Terse +and complete reference to the language structures of Python 3. + +Python Standard Library - +`Internet Protocols and Support `_: +All the supported internet protocols as implemented in Python. + +Python Module of the Week (`py2`_, `py3`_): A fantastic reference for many +modules in Python 2 and 3. Examples and usage are provided throughout. Don't be +shy about trying the Python 2 docs in Python 3, often they will work still. + +.. _py2: https://pymotw.com/2/contents.html +.. _py3: https://pymotw.com/3/ + +`Lecture Presentations `_: Slides from the course +presentations. + + +Search +====== + +* :ref:`search` + diff --git a/source/main/index.rst b/source/main/index.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 51a92133..00000000 --- a/source/main/index.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,100 +0,0 @@ -.. Internet Programming with Python documentation master file, created by - sphinx-quickstart on Sat Nov 3 13:22:19 2012. - -`UW Certificate Program in Python Programming -`_ - -================================ -Internet Programming with Python -================================ - -.. sidebar:: Table of Contents - - .. toctree:: - :maxdepth: 2 - - self - outline - -Winter Term, 2013 - (10 Sessions) - -Tuesdays, 6-9 pm, January 8 through March 10 - -Minutiae --------- - -:Objectives: - - This course emphasizes distributed programs and web applications - how - they work and how to program them in Python. Students will explore the - underlying principles and their expression in Python libraries. Students - will learn contrasting approaches in creating applications: programming - with the low-level libraries versus using highly integrated frameworks. - All topics will be presented with a focus on solving real problems with - simple, pragmatic code. - - -:Prerequisites: - - Students should have previously completed `Programming in Python - `_ - or have an equivalent level of experience. Contact the instructor prior to - registering if not in the `certificate program - `_ - - -:Requirements: - - This course does not provide a computer laboratory. Students will be - required to have access to a computer in order to complete the coursework. - As in-class laboratories are an important part of the experience, students - should have a portable computer they can bring to each session. Networking - in the classroom is provided via WiFi. Students should be able to - configure their computers to connect to the network. - - -:Assessment: - - The course is graded Pass/Fail, based on satisfactory completion of - required programming assignments and classroom presentations. Attendance - is required; more than two unexcused absences will result in a Fail. - - -:Accommodation: - - The University of Washington is committed to providing access and - reasonable accommodation in its services, programs, activities, education - and employment for individuals with disabilities. For information or to - request disability accommodation contact: Disability Services Office: - 206.543.6450/V, 206.543.6452/TTY, 206.685.7264 (FAX), or e-mail at - dso@u.washington.edu. - - -References ----------- - -`Python 2.6.5 Documentation `_: -Complete documentation of the language. - -`Python 2.6.5 Quick Reference `_: -Dense and complete. Good for jogging your memeory, but don't start here. - -`Python Standard Library - Internet Protocols and Support -`_: All the supported internet -protocols as implemented in Python. - -`Python Module of the Week `_: A -fantastic reference for any module in python. Examples and usage are provided -throughout. - -`Weekly Lecture Presentations `_: Slides from the -classroom presentations. - - -Indices and tables -================== - -* :ref:`genindex` -* :ref:`modindex` -* :ref:`search` - diff --git a/source/main/outline.rst b/source/main/outline.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 9d39cff6..00000000 --- a/source/main/outline.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,401 +0,0 @@ -Course Outline -============== - -Each week will have in-class lectures, lab time, and lightning talks. There -will be recommended reading, additional reading for the curious, and an -assignment to be completed. - -Week 1 - Introduction and Sockets ---------------------------------- - -**Date**: Jan. 8, 2013 - -In this class, we will discuss the fundamental concepts and structures that -underly the internet and networked computing. We will learn about the TCP/IP -stack (Internet Protocol Suite) and gain insight into how that model is -manifested in real life. We will learn about sockets and how to use them to -communicate between processes on a single machine or across a network. - -Our class laboratory will focus on creating a small server-client program that -demonstrates the use of sockets. We will install the server on our Virtual -Machines, and accomplish our first networked communication. - -The class assignment will focus on extending our use of sockets to support a -more complex use-case. - -`Class Presentation `_ - -Reading -******* - -* `Wikipedia - Internet Protocol Suite - `_ -* `Kessler - TCP/IP (sections 1 and 2) - `_ -* `Wikipedia - Domain Name System - `_ -* `Wikipedia - Internet Sockets - `_ -* `RFC 5321 - SMTP (Appendix D only) - `_ - -References -********** - -* `Python Library - socket - `_ -* `Socket Programming How-to - `_ -* `Python Library - smtplib - `_ - -For our in-class lab and our homework, you'll be forking a github repository -and making pull requests. You can read up on how this is accomplished here: - -* `Fork a Repo `_ -* `Using Pull Requests `_ - -Further Reading -*************** - -* `Python Module of the Week - socket - `_ -* `Wikipedia - Berkeley socket interface - `_ -* `RFC 821 - SMTP (initial) `_ -* `RFC 5321 - SMTP (latest) `_ - -Bonus -***** - -`ZeroMQ Guide, Chapter 1 `_: -ZeroMQ is a modern, advanced implementation of the socket concept. Read this -to find out what sockets can get up to these days. - -Assignment -********** - -You can read the assignment at - -http://github.com/cewing/training.python_web/blob/master/assignments/week01/athome/assignment.txt - -Please complete the assignment by noon on Sunday, January 13, 2012. - - -Week 2 - Web Protocols ----------------------- - -**Date**: Jan. 15, 2013 - -In this class we will discuss the various languages of the Internet. What -differentiates one protocol from another? How are they similar? How can you -use the inherent qualities of each to determine which is appropriate for a -given purpose? - -The class laboratory will cover creating a simple web server. Using the HTTP -protocol and information we learned in week one about sockets, we'll create a -simple web server that allows us to look at files and directories on our own -computers. - -The class assignment will be to extend the simple web server, adding the -ability to run dynamic processes and return the results to the client. - -Reading -******* - -Read through the list of Python Internet Protocols. If you don't know what a -protocol is for, look it up online. Think about their relationship to each -other, which are clients? Which are servers? Which clients talk to which -servers? - -`Python Standard Library Internet Protocols -`_ - -An introduction to the HTTP protocol: -`HTTP Made Really Easy `_ - -References -********** - -Skim these before class, you'll need them for lab and your assignment: - -* `smtplib `_ -* `imaplib `_ -* `httplib `_ -* `urllib `_ -* `urllib2 `_ - -Bonus -***** - -* httplib2_ - A comprehensive HTTP client library that supports many features - left out of other HTTP libraries. -* requests_ - "... an Apache2 Licensed HTTP library, written in Python, for - human beings." - -.. _httplib2: http://code.google.com/p/httplib2/ -.. _requests: http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/ - -Skim these four documents from different phases of HTTP's life. Get a feel for -how the specification has changed (and how it hasn't!). - -* `HTTP/0.9 `_ -* `HTTP - as defined in 1992 `_ -* `Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.0 - `_ -* `Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1 - `_ - -If you have more curiosity about other Python Standard Library implementations -of internet protocols, you should read Doug Hellmann's Python Module Of The -Week on `Internet Protocols and Support`_. His entries on these libraries are -clear and concise and have some great code examples. - -.. _Internet Protocols and Support: http://www.doughellmann.com/PyMOTW/internet_protocols.html - -Assignment -********** - -You can read the assignment at - -http://github.com/cewing/training.python_web/blob/master/assignments/week02/athome/assignment.txt - -Please complete the assignment by noon on Sunday, January 13, 2012. - -Week 3 - APIs and Mashups -------------------------- - -**Date**: Jan. 22, 2013 - -In this class we will explore some of the ways that you can consume and -explore the data provided by other websites. Online data can be provided in -ways intended for consumption. But you can also use scraping techniques to get -at data the original author may not have considered valuable enough to present -as consumable. - -We'll explore the use of tools like BeautifulSoup to help make sense of the -truly horrible HTML that can be found in the wild. We will also look at "Web -Services" formats like XMLRPC and REST so we can understand the ways in which -we can find data, or present it ourselves. Finally, we'll look at some "Web -Service APIs" to help understand how to read them, and how to use them to get -at the data they provide. - -Reading -******* - -* `Wikipedia's take on 'Web Services' - `_ -* `xmlrpc overview `_ -* `xmlrpc spec (short) `_ -* `json overview and spec (short) `_ -* `How I Explained REST to My Wife (Tomayko 2004) - `_ -* `A Brief Introduction to REST (Tilkov 2007) - `_ -* `Why HATEOAS - *a simple case study on the often ignored REST constraint* - `_ - -References -********** - -Python Standard Libraries: -++++++++++++++++++++++++++ - -* `httplib `_ -* `htmlparser `_ -* `xmlrpclib `_ -* `DocXMLRPCServer - `_ -* `json `_ - -External Libraries: -+++++++++++++++++++ - -* BeautifulSoup_ - "You didn't write that awful page. You're just trying to - get some data out of it. Right now, you don't really care what HTML is - supposed to look like. Neither does this parser." - -* httplib2_ - A comprehensive HTTP client library that supports many features - left out of other HTTP libraries. - -* restkit_ - an HTTP resource kit for Python. It allows you to easily access - to HTTP resource and build objects around it. - -.. _BeautifulSoup: http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/ -.. _httplib2: http://code.google.com/p/httplib2/ -.. _restkit: https://github.com/benoitc/restkit/ - -SOAP -++++ - -* rpclib_ - a simple, easily extendible soap library that provides several - useful tools for creating, publishing and consuming soap web services - -* Suds_ - a lightweight SOAP python client for consuming Web Services. - -* `the SOAP specification `_ - -.. _rpclib: https://github.com/arskom/rpclib -.. _Suds: https://fedorahosted.org/suds/ - -Bonus -***** - -* `Wikipedia on REST - ` -* `Original REST disertation - ` - -Assignment -********** - -To Be Decided - -Week 4 - CGI and WSGI ---------------------- - -**Date**: Jan. 29, 2013 - -In this class we will explore ways of moving data from HTTP requests into the -dynamic scripts that process data. We will begin by looking at the original -specification for passing data, CGI (Common Gateway Interface). We'll look at -the benefits and drawbacks of the specification, and use it to create some -simple interactions. - -Then we will investigate a more modern take on the same problem, WSGI (Web -Services Gateway Interface). We'll see the ways in which WSGI is similar to -CGI, and look at the ways in which it differs. We'll create a simple interaction -using WSGI and see what benefits and drawbacks it confers. - -Reading -******* - -* `CGI tutorial`_ - Read the following sections: Hello World, Debugging, Form. - Other sections optional. Follow along, hosting CGI scripts either via Apache - on our VMs, or locally using CGIHTTPServer. - -* `WSGI tutorial`_ - Follow along, hosting WSGI scripts either via Apache on our - VMs, or locally using wsgiref. - -.. _CGI tutorial: http://webpython.codepoint.net/cgi_tutorial -.. _WSGI tutorial: http://webpython.codepoint.net/wsgi_tutorial - -Prepare for class: -++++++++++++++++++ - -* `CGI example scripts`_ - Use these examples to get started experimenting with - CGI. - -.. _CGI example scripts: http://fixme.crisewing.com - -(https://github.com/briandorsey/uwpython_web/tree/master/week05/cgi_example) - -References -********** - -* `CGI module`_ - utilities for CGI scripts, mostly form and query string parsing -* `Parse URLS into components - `_ -* `CGIHTTPServer`_ - python -m CGIHTTPServer -* `WSGI Utilities and Reference implementation - `_ -* `WSGI 1.0 specification `_ -* `WSGI 1.0.1 (Python 3 support) `_ -* `test WSGI server, like cgi.test() - `_ - -.. _CGI module: http://docs.python.org/release/2.6.5/library/cgi.html -.. _CGIHTTPServer: http://docs.python.org/release/2.6.5/library/cgihttpserver.html - -Alternate WSGI introductions: -+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ - -* `Getting Started with WSGI`_ - by Armin Ronacher -* `very minimal introduction to WSGI - `_ - -.. _Getting Started with WSGI: http://lucumr.pocoo.org/2007/5/21/getting-started-with-wsgi/ - -Assignment -********** - -To Be Decided - -Week 5 - Small Frameworks -------------------------- - -**Date**: Feb. 5, 2013 - -In this class we learn about using frameworks to help us reach our goals. We -will learn what makes up a framework and some criteria for evaluating which is -the right one for you. - -This week we will also learn about the final project for the class and students -will begin to think about what they wish to do to complete the project. - -In our class lab we will explore using a specific framework (Flask) to create -a simple web application. We'll learn how to install the framework, how to -read the documentation for it, how to build a simple dynamic application, and -how to push further on. - -For our assignment we will extend our knowledge by trying out a different -framework. We will have the chance to repeat the class lab, or create another -dynamic system using one of the many other python web frameworks available to -us. - -Assignment -********** - -To Be Decided - -Week 6 - Django ---------------- - -**Date**: Feb. 19, 2013 - - - -Assignment -********** - -To Be Decided - -Week 7 - Django ---------------- - -**Date**: Feb. 26, 2013 - -Assignment -********** - -To Be Decided - -Week 8 - Pyramid ----------------- - -**Date**: Mar. 5, 2013 - -Assignment -********** - -To Be Decided - -Week 9 - The Cloud ------------------- - -**Date**: Feb. 12, 2013 - -Assignment -********** - -To Be Decided - -Week 10 - Plone ---------------- - -**Date**: Mar. 12, 2013 - -Assignment -********** - -To Be Decided \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/source/outline.rst b/source/outline.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..13e5f514 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/outline.rst @@ -0,0 +1,244 @@ +.. slideconf:: + :autoslides: False + +Course Outline +============== + +.. slide:: Course Outline + :level: 1 + + This document contains no slides. + +This course takes place over 10 sessions. Each session is three hours long. +Each session contains lecture material and exercises you will type at a python +prompt. Each session has associated assignments which you will complete +between sessions. + + +Session 1 - TCP/IP and Sockets +------------------------------ + +We will begin with a disucssion of the fundamental concepts and structures +that underly the internet and networked computing. We'll learn about the +TCP/IP stack (Internet Protocol Suite) and gain some insights into how that +model manifests in real life. We will then dive into sockets and learn how to +use them to communicate between processes on a single machine, or across a +network. + +Along the way, we'll build a basic Echo server and client to demonstrate the +processes we've learned. By the end of the session, we'll be sending messages +and receiving replies. + +References +********** + +* `Python Library - socket `_ +* `Socket Programming How-to `_ +* `Python Module of the Week - socket `_ + + +Session 2 - Web Protocols +------------------------- + +Protocols are the languages of the Internet. They govern how machines speak to +one another. We will focus on finding both the similarities and differences +between protocols. Can you use the inherent qualities of each to determine +which is appropriate for a given purpose? + +Along the way, we'll build a simple web server. Using the HTTP protocol and +extending what we learned in the previous session we'll create an HTTP server +that allows us to serve files and directories from our own computers. By the +end of the day, you'll be browsing your filesystem with your own web browser. + +References +********** + +* `smtplib `_ +* `imaplib `_ +* `httplib `_ +* `urllib `_ +* `urllib2 `_ + +If you have more curiosity about other Python Standard Library implementations +of internet protocols, you should read Doug Hellmann's Python Module Of The +Week on `Internet Protocols and Support`_. His entries on these libraries are +clear and concise and have some great code examples. + +.. _Internet Protocols and Support: http://pymotw.com/2/internet_protocols.html + +Session 3 - CGI and WSGI +------------------------ + +In this class we will explore ways of moving data from HTTP requests into the +dynamic scripts that process data. We will begin by looking at the original +specification for passing data, CGI (Common Gateway Interface). We'll look at +the benefits and drawbacks of the specification, and use it to create some +simple interactions. + +Then we will investigate a more modern take on the same problem, WSGI (Web +Services Gateway Interface). We'll see the ways in which WSGI is similar to +CGI, and look at the ways in which it differs. We'll create a simple interaction +using WSGI and see what benefits and drawbacks it confers. + + +Session 4 - APIs and Mashups +---------------------------- + +The internet is a treasure trove of information. But meaning can be hard to +find among all that data. Mashups offer a way to combine data from disparate +sources in order to derive meaning. Data online can be offered in forms ripe +for consumption. APIs built in XMLRPC, SOAP or REST offer rich tools for +extraction, but even simple websites can be scraped using tools like +BeautifulSoup. + +We'll explore the differences between various 'Web Services' formats, learning +how to serve information and consume it. We'll also explore using BeautifulSoup +to help extract information from the sea of HTML in the wild. + +Along the way, we'll create a mashup of our own, using the tools we learn to +build a script that can produce derived meaning out of data we find online. + +References +********** + +* `BeautifulSoup `_ +* `requests `_ +* `json `_ +* `geocoder `_ +* `httplib `_ +* `htmlparser `_ +* `xmlrpclib `_ +* `DocXMLRPCServer `_ + + +Session 5 - MVC Applications and Data Persistence +------------------------------------------------- + +In this session we will begin by introducing the idea of an MVC (*Model View +Controller*) application. We'll discuss this popular application design +pattern and talk about the ways in which it does and does not apply to the +world of web applications. + +We'll get started with our first application, a learning journal written in the +lignt but powerful *Pyramid* web framework. We'll set up a development +environment and install the framework and dependencies. We'll create our first +*models* and experiment with persisting data to a database. + +References +********** + + +Preparation for Session 6 +************************* + +In preparation for session 6, please read the following materials: + +* `Jinja2 Template Tutorial + `_ +* `HTML5 Site Layout Tutorial + `_ + +Session 6 - Pyramid Views, Renderers and Forms +---------------------------------------------- + +In this session we extend our understanding of the MVC design pattern by +learning how Pyramid implements the *view* and *controller* aspects. + +Pyramid *views* represent the *controller* part of the MVC pattern, and we'll +create a number of them. We'll also learn how Pyramid uses *routes* to properly +connect the *path* requested by a client to the *views* run by a server. + +We'll meet with Pyramid's *renderers*, the *view* in MVC. We'll start by using +a built-in renderer that simply turns view data into strings sent back to the +client as plain text responses. We'll then install a template-based renderer +and use the *jinja2* template language to create visible HTML pages the brower +can load to show our learning journal entries. + +Prepraration for Session 7 +************************** + +In preparation for session 7, please read up on getting started with `Heroku +and Python`_. We'll be deploying our learning journal to Heroku by the end of +that session. + +.. _Heroku and Python: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-python#introduction + +Sesstion 7 - Pyramid Authentication and Deployment +-------------------------------------------------- + +In this session we will learn the basic elements of access control: +authentication and authorization. We'll learn how Pyramid implements these two +aspects of security, and will implement a basic security policy for our +learning journal. + +Once complete, we will deploy our application to Heroku. We'll make a few +changes to how our app is configured to fit with the Heroku model and will be +able to see our application in action by the end of the session. + +Time permitting, we will enhance our application with a few special features +such as Markdown formatting, and code highlighting. A list of potential future +enhancements will give you plenty to think about for the rest of the week. + + +Preparation for Session 8 +************************* + +Please walk through this tutorial before session 8 begins. + +* `An Introduction to Django `_ + + +Session 8 - Basic Django +------------------------ + +In this class we'll get introduced to arguably the most popular full-stack +Python web framework, Django. We'll install the framework, learn about how to +get it running and how to get started creating your very own app. + +We'll be learning about the Django ORM and how Django Models can help shield +developers from much of the complexity of SQL. + +During the week leading up to this session, we'll `get started building`_ a +blog app in Django. We'll learn how to use the tools Django provides to explore +and interact with your models while designing them. We'll also get a brief +introduction to the Django admin, Django's *killer feature*. + +.. _get started building: presentations/django_intro.html + + +Along the way, we'll build a nicely functional blog application. We'll learn +about model relationships, customizing the Django admin, and adding front-end +views so users can see our work. We'll even learn how we can update our +database code and keep it in sync with our progressing development work. + +Along the way we'll learn that the Django template language is quite similar +to the Jinja2 language (in fact, Jinja2 was modelled on the Django version). +We'll also get a chance to learn a bit more about the features that the Django +test framework provides over and above the standard Python ``unittest`` +library. + + +Session 9 - Extending Django +---------------------------- + +During this session, we will continue our exploration of Django, and of pair +programming. Students will pair up and work together to implement one or more +feature extending the basic Django app we created previously. + +Finally, we'll discuss some of the strengths and weaknesses of Django. What +makes it a good choice for some projects but not for others. + +Preparation for Session 10 +************************** + +In preparation for session 10, you'll need to sign up for an account with +Amazon Web Services. + + +Session 10 - Deploying Django +----------------------------- + +During this session, we will deploy our Django application to Amazon Web +Services. To do so, we'll use a popular Python-based configuration management +tool, Ansible. + diff --git a/source/presentations/django_intro.rst b/source/presentations/django_intro.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c0ee5100 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/presentations/django_intro.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1051 @@ +.. slideconf:: + :autoslides: False + +************************* +An Introduction To Django +************************* + +.. slide:: Internet Programming with Python + :level: 1 + + This document contains no slides. + +In this tutorial, you'll walk through creating a very simple microblog +application using Django. + +Practice Safe Development +========================= + +We'll install Django and any other packages we use with it in a virtualenv. + +This will ensure that it is isolated from everything else we do in class +(and vice versa) + +Remember the basic format for creating a virtualenv:: + + $ python -m venv [options] + + $ pyvenv [options] + + +Set Up a VirtualEnv +------------------- + +Start by creating your virtualenv:: + + $ python -m venv djangoenv + + $ pyvenv djangoenv + ... + +Then, activate it:: + + $ source djangoenv/bin/activate + + C:\> djangoenv\Scripts\activate.bat + + +Install Django +-------------- + +Finally, install Django 1.7.4 using ``pip``:: + + (djangoenv)$ pip install Django==1.9 + Collecting Django==1.9 + Downloading Django-1.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.6MB) + 100% |████████████████████████████████| 6.6MB 47kB/s + Installing collected packages: Django + Successfully installed Django-1.9 + (djangoenv)$ + + +Our Project +=========== + +Everything in Django stems from the *project*. To get started learning, we'll +create one. We'll use a script installed by Django, ``django-admin.py``: + +.. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ django-admin startproject mysite + +If you're on windows, that command is slightly different: + +.. code-block:: bash + + django-admin.exe startproject mysite + +.. note:: If you run into trouble at this stage, please consult the + `installation documentation`_. For windows users, see also + `this guide to installation on Windows`_ + +.. _installation documentation: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/intro/install/ +.. _this guide to installation on Windows: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/windows/ + + +This will create a folder called 'mysite'. The folder contains the following +structure:: + + mysite + ├── manage.py + └── mysite + ├── __init__.py + ├── settings.py + ├── urls.py + └── wsgi.py + +If what you see doesn't match that, you're using an older version of Django. +Make sure you've installed 1.7.4 + + +What Got Created +---------------- + +* **outer *mysite* folder**: this is just a container and can be renamed or + moved at will +* **inner *mysite* folder**: this is your project directory. It should not be + renamed. +* **__init__.py**: magic file that makes *mysite* a python package. +* **settings.py**: file which holds configuration for your project, more soon. +* **urls.py**: file which holds top-level URL configuration for your project, + more soon. +* **wsgi.py**: binds a wsgi application created from your project to the + symbol ``application`` +* **manage.py**: a management control script. + +*django-admin* provides a hook for administrative tasks and abilities: + +* creating a new project or app +* running the development server +* executing tests +* entering a python interpreter +* entering a database shell session with your database +* much much more (run ``django-admin`` without an argument) + +*manage.py* wraps this functionality, adding the full environment of your +project. + + +How *manage.py* Works +--------------------- + +Look in the ``manage.py`` script Django created for you. You'll see this: + +.. code-block:: python + + #!/usr/bin/env python + import os + import sys + + if __name__ == "__main__": + os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings") + + from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line + + execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) + +The environmental var ``DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE`` is how the ``manage.py`` +script is made aware of your project's environment. This is why you shouldn't +rename the project package. + + +Development Server +------------------ + +At this point, you should be ready to use the development server:: + + (djangoenv)$ cd mysite + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py runserver + ... + +You'll see a scary warning about unapplied migrations. Ignore it for a moment. +Instead, load ``http://localhost:8000`` in your browser. You should see this: + +.. figure:: /_static/django-start.png + :align: center + :width: 98% + +.. rst-class:: build center + +**Do you?** + + +Connecting A Database +--------------------- + +Django supplies its own ORM (Object-Relational Mapper). This ORM sits on top of +the DB-API implementation you choose. You must provide connection information +through Django configuration. + +All Django configuration takes place in ``settings.py`` in your project +folder. + +Edit your ``settings.py`` to match: + +.. code-block:: python + + + DATABASES = { + 'default': { + 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', + 'NAME': 'mysite.db', + } + } + +There are other database settings, but they are not used with sqlite3, we'll +ignore them for now. + +Django's ORM provides a layer of *abstraction* between you and SQL. You write +Python classes called *models* describing the objects that make up your system. +The ORM handles converting data from these objects into SQL statements (and +back). We'll learn much more about this in a bit. + +The final step in preparing to work is to set up the database. You do this by +running *migrations*. These migrations create the tables needed to support the +models that are required by Django out of the box. + +Run the following command: + +.. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py migrate + Operations to perform: + Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes, auth, sessions + Running migrations: + Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK + Applying auth.0001_initial... OK + Applying admin.0001_initial... OK + Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK + +Great! Now we can set up an initial user who'll be able to do anything, a +*superuser*. Again, we'll use ``manage.py``: + +.. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py createsuperuser + Username (leave blank to use 'cewing'): + Email address: cris@crisewing.com + Password: + Password (again): + Superuser created successfully. + +Notice that as you type your password, it will not appear on the screen. Don't +worry, it's actually being recorded. You just can't see it (and neither can +that snoopy git looking over your shoulder). + +Projects and Apps +================= + +We've created a Django *project*. In Django a project represents a whole +website: + +* global configuration settings +* inclusion points for additional functionality +* master list of URL endpoints + +A Django *app* encapsulates a unit of functionality: + +* A blog section +* A discussion forum +* A content tagging system + +.. important:: One *project* can (and likely will) consist of many *apps* + +Django already includes some *apps* for you. + +.. container:: incremental + + They're in ``settings.py`` in the ``INSTALLED_APPS`` setting: + + .. code-block:: python + + + INSTALLED_APPS = ( + 'django.contrib.admin', + 'django.contrib.auth', + 'django.contrib.contenttypes', + 'django.contrib.sessions', + 'django.contrib.messages', + 'django.contrib.staticfiles', + ) + + +Our Class App +------------- + +We are going to build an *app* to add to our *project*. To start with our app +will be a simple blog. As stated above, an *app* represents a unit within a +system, the *project*. We have a project, we need to create an *app* + +This is accomplished using ``manage.py``. In your terminal, make sure you are +in the *outer* mysite directory, where the file ``manage.py`` is located. +Then: + +.. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py startapp myblog + +This should leave you with the following structure: + +.. class:: small + +:: + + mysite + ├── db.sqlite3 + ├── manage.py + ├── myblog + │   ├── __init__.py + │   ├── admin.py + │   ├── migrations + │   │   └── __init__.py + │   ├── models.py + │   ├── tests.py + │   └── views.py + └── mysite + ├── __init__.py + ├── settings.py + ├── urls.py + └── wsgi.py + +Like our Pyramid site, Django divides up functionality by module. You'll create +ORM model classes in the ``models.py`` file, view code in the ``views.py`` +file, and so on. + +We'll start by defining the main Python class for our blog system, a ``Post``. + + +Django Models +------------- + +Any Python class in Django that is meant to be persisted *must* inherit from +the Django ``Model`` class. This base class hooks in to the ORM functionality +converting Python code to SQL. You can override methods from the base ``Model`` +class to alter how this works or write new methods to add functionality. + +Learn more about `models `_ + + +Our Post Model +-------------- + +Open the ``models.py`` file created in our ``myblog`` package. Add the +following: + +.. code-block:: python + + from django.db import models #<-- This is already in the file + from django.contrib.auth.models import User + + class Post(models.Model): + title = models.CharField(max_length=128) + text = models.TextField(blank=True) + author = models.ForeignKey(User) + created_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) + modified_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) + published_date = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True) + +This code defines a subclass of the Django ``Model`` class and added a bunch of +attributes. + +* These attributes are all instances of ``Field`` classes defined in Django +* Field attributes on a model map to columns in a database table +* The arguments you provide to each Field customize how it works + + * This means *both* how it operates in Django *and* how it is defined in SQL + +* There are arguments shared by all Field types +* There are also arguments specific to individual types + +You can read much more about +`Model Fields and options `_ + +There are some features of our fields worth mentioning in specific. Notice we +have no field that is designated as the *primary key* + +* You *can* make a field the primary key by adding ``primary_key=True`` in the + arguments +* If you do not, Django will **automatically** create one. This field is always + called ``id`` +* No matter what the primary key field is called, its *value* is always + available on a model instance as the ``pk`` attribute: ``instance.pk`` + + +Field Details +------------- + +.. code-block:: python + + title = models.CharField(max_length=128) + +* The required ``max_length`` argument is specific to ``CharField`` fields. +* It affects *both* the Python and SQL behavior of a field. +* In python, it is used to *validate* supplied values during *model validation* +* In SQL it is used in the column definition: ``VARCHAR(128)`` + +.. code-block:: python + + author = models.ForeignKey(User) + +* Django also models SQL *relationships* as specific field types. +* The required positional argument is the class of the related Model. +* By default, the reverse relation is implemented as the attribute + ``_set``. +* You can override this by providing the ``related_name`` argument. + +.. code-block:: python + + created_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) + modified_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) + +* ``auto_now_add`` is available on all date and time fields. It sets the value + of the field to *now* when an instance is first saved. +* ``auto_now`` is similar, but sets the value anew each time an instance is + saved. +* Setting either of these will cause the ``editable`` attribute of a field to + be set to ``False``. +* This does not mean you can't update these values, only that they will not + show in forms by default. + +.. code-block:: python + + text = models.TextField(blank=True) + # ... + published_date = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True) + +* The argument ``blank`` is shared across all field types. The default is + ``False`` +* This argument affects only the Python behavior of a field, determining if the + field is *required* +* The related ``null`` argument affects the SQL definition of a field: is the + column NULL or NOT NULL +* Django recommends that you **not** use the ``null`` option for text fields. + It will automatically insert an empty string into the database if the field + is left blank. + + +Installing Apps +--------------- + +In order to use our new model, we need Django to know about our *app*. This is +accomplished by configuration in the ``settings.py`` file. Open that file now, +in your editor, and find the INSTALLED_APPS setting. + +You extend Django functionality by *installing apps*. This is pretty simple: + +.. code-block:: python + + + INSTALLED_APPS = ( + 'django.contrib.admin', + 'django.contrib.auth', + 'django.contrib.contenttypes', + 'django.contrib.sessions', + 'django.contrib.messages', + 'django.contrib.staticfiles', + 'myblog', # <- YOU ADD THIS PART + ) + +Once Django is made aware of the existence of this new app, it can make a new +*migration* that will set up the tables for this new class automatically. + +.. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py makemigrations myblog + Migrations for 'myblog': + 0001_initial.py: + - Create model Post + +And now you can run that migration to make the changes to your database: + +.. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py migrate + Operations to perform: + Apply all migrations: sessions, myblog, contenttypes, auth, admin + Running migrations: + Rendering model states... DONE + Applying myblog.0001_initial... OK + + +The Django Shell +================ + +Django provides a management command ``shell``: + +* Shares the same ``sys.path`` as your project, so all installed python + packages are present. +* Imports the ``settings.py`` file from your project, and so shares all + installed apps and other settings. +* Handles connections to your database, so you can interact with live data + directly. + +The Django ``shell`` will use more advanced Python interpreters such as +``iPython`` if they are available. Let's go ahead and install iPython in our +``djangoenv`` to get this advantage: + +.. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ pip install ipython + ... + +Let's explore the Model Instance API directly using this shell: + +:: + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py shell + +Instances of our model can be created by simple instantiation: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [1]: from myblog.models import Post + In [2]: p1 = Post(title='My First Post', + ...: text='This is the first post I\'ve written') + In [3]: p1 + Out[3]: + +We can also validate that our new object is okay before we try to save it: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [4]: p1.full_clean() + ... + + ValidationError: {'author': ['This field cannot be null.']} + + +Django Model Managers +--------------------- + +We have to hook our ``Post`` to an author, which must be a ``User``. To do +this, we need to have an instance of the ``User`` class. We can use the +``User`` *model manager* to run table-level operations like ``SELECT``. + + +All Django models have a *manager*. By default it is accessed through the +``objects`` class attribute. + +Let's use the *manager* to get an instance of the ``User`` class: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [5]: from django.contrib.auth.models import User + In [6]: all_users = User.objects.all() + In [7]: all_users + Out[7]: [] + In [8]: p1.author = all_users[0] + +And now our instance should validate properly: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [9]: p1.full_clean() + In [10]: + + +Saving New Objects +------------------ + +Our model has three date fields, two of which are supposed to be +auto-populated: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [11]: print(p1.created_date) + None + In [12]: print(p1.modified_date) + None + +Although we've instantiated a Post object, it doesn't have these values yet. +That's because a model is not *created* until it's saved into the database. +When we save our post, these fields will get values assigned: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [13]: p1.save() + In [14]: print(p1.created_date) + 2015-12-31 19:24:29.019293+00:00 + In [15]: print(p1.modified_date) + 2015-12-31 19:24:29.019532+00:00 + + +Updating An Instance +-------------------- + +Models operate much like 'normal' python objects. To change the value of a +field, simply set the instance attribute to a new value. Call ``save()`` to +persist the change: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [16]: p1.title = p1.title + " (updated)" + In [17]: p1.save() + In [18]: p1.title + Out[18]: 'My First Post (updated)' + + +Create a Few Posts +------------------ + +Let's create a few more posts so we can explore the Django model manager query +API: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [20]: p2 = Post(title="Another post", + ....: text="The second one created", + ....: author=all_users[0]).save() + In [21]: p3 = Post(title="The third one", + ....: text="With the word 'heffalump'", + ....: author=all_users[0]).save() + In [22]: p4 = Post(title="Posters are a great decoration", + ....: text="When you are a poor college student", + ....: author=all_users[0]).save() + ....: Post.objects.count() + Out[22]: 4 + + +The Django Query API +-------------------- + +The *manager* on each model class supports a full-featured query API. API +methods take keyword arguments, where the keywords are special constructions +combining field names with field *lookups*. The double-underscore character +separates the name of a field from the *lookup* value. + +.. rst-class:: build small + +* title__exact="The exact title" +* text__contains="decoration" +* id__in=range(1,4) +* published_date__lte=datetime.datetime.now() + +Each keyword argument adds to the query that will be used to find matching +objects. + + +QuerySets +--------- + +A ``QuerySet`` is a special type of object that maintains a relationship to the +database. Query API methods can be divided into two basic groups: methods that +return ``QuerySets`` and those that do not. + +The former may be chained without hitting the database: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [24]: a = Post.objects.all() #<-- no query yet + In [25]: b = a.filter(title__icontains="post") #<- not yet + In [26]: c = b.exclude(text__contains="created") #<-- nope + In [27]: [(p.title, p.text) for p in c] #<-- This will issue the query + Out[27]: + [('My First Post (updated)', "This is the first post I've written"), + ('Posters are a great decoration', 'When you are a poor college student')] + +Conversely, the latter will issue an SQL query when executed. + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [28]: a.count() #<-- immediately executes an SQL query + Out[28]: 4 + + +QuerySets and SQL +----------------- + +If you are curious, you can see the SQL that a given QuerySet will use: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [29]: print(c.query) + SELECT "myblog_post"."id", "myblog_post"."title", "myblog_post"."text", + "myblog_post"."author_id", "myblog_post"."created_date", + "myblog_post"."modified_date", "myblog_post"."published_date" + FROM "myblog_post" + WHERE ( + "myblog_post"."title" LIKE %post% ESCAPE '\' + AND NOT ("myblog_post"."text" LIKE %created% ESCAPE '\') + ) + +The SQL will vary depending on which DBAPI backend you use (yay ORM!!!) + +.. note:: Incidentally, using this as a way to learn SQL is not a bad idea. + + +Exploring the QuerySet API +-------------------------- + +See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/models/querysets + + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [3]: [p.pk for p in Post.objects.all().order_by('created_date')] + Out[3]: [1, 2, 3, 4] + In [4]: [p.pk for p in Post.objects.all().order_by('-created_date')] + Out[4]: [4, 3, 2, 1] + In [5]: [p.pk for p in Post.objects.filter(title__contains='post')] + Out[5]: [1, 2, 4] + In [6]: [p.pk for p in Post.objects.exclude(title__contains='post')] + Out[6]: [3] + In [7]: qs = Post.objects.exclude(title__contains='post') + In [8]: qs = qs.exclude(id__exact=3) + In [9]: [p.pk for p in qs] + Out[9]: [] + In [10]: qs = Post.objects.exclude(title__contains='post', id__exact=3) + In [11]: [p.pk for p in qs] + Out[11]: [1, 2, 3, 4] + +Do all of those make sense to you? Especially consider the difference between +those last two results? Can you explain that? + + +Updating via QuerySets +---------------------- + +You can update all the objects in a QuerySet at the same time. Changes are persisted +without calling the ``save`` instance method: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [12]: qs = Post.objects.all() + In [13]: [p.published_date for p in qs] + Out[13]: [None, None, None, None] + In [14]: from datetime import datetime + In [15]: from django.utils.timezone import UTC + In [16]: utc = UTC() + In [17]: now = datetime.now(utc) + In [18]: qs.update(published_date=now) + Out[18]: 4 + In [19]: [p.published_date for p in qs] + Out[19]: + [datetime.datetime(2015, 12, 31, 19, 50, 4, 99980, tzinfo=), + datetime.datetime(2015, 12, 31, 19, 50, 4, 99980, tzinfo=), + datetime.datetime(2015, 12, 31, 19, 50, 4, 99980, tzinfo=), + datetime.datetime(2015, 12, 31, 19, 50, 4, 99980, tzinfo=)] + + +Testing Our Model +================= + +As with any project, we want to test our work. Django provides a testing +framework to allow this. Django supports both *unit tests* and *doctests*. I +strongly suggest using *unit tests*. You add tests for your *app* to the file +``tests.py``, which should be at the same package level as ``models.py``. + +Locate and open this file in your editor. + + +Django TestCase Classes +----------------------- + +**SimpleTestCase** is for basic unit testing with no ORM requirements + +**TransactionTestCase** is useful if you need to test transactional +actions (commit and rollback) in the ORM + +**TestCase** is used when you require ORM access and a test client + +**LiveServerTestCase** launches the django server during test runs for +front-end acceptance tests. + +Sometimes testing requires base data to be present. We need a User for ours. +Django provides *fixtures* to handle this need. Create a directory called +``fixtures`` inside your ``myblog`` app directory. This new folder should be +adjacent to the ``tests.py`` file. + +.. rst-class:: build + +Copy the file ``myblog_test_fixture.json`` from the ``resources/session08`` +into this directory, it contains users for our tests. + +Now that we have a fixture, we need to instruct our tests to use it. + +Edit ``tests.py`` to look like this: + +.. code-block:: python + + + from django.test import TestCase + from django.contrib.auth.models import User + + class PostTestCase(TestCase): + fixtures = ['myblog_test_fixture.json', ] + + def setUp(self): + self.user = User.objects.get(pk=1) + + +Our First Enhancement +--------------------- + +Look at the way our Post represents itself in the Django shell: + +.. code-block:: python + + In [2]: [p for p in Post.objects.all()] + Out[2]: + [, + , + , + ] + +Wouldn't it be nice if the posts showed their titles instead? In Django, the +``__str__`` method is used to determine how a Model instance represents +itself. Then, calling ``str(instance)`` gives the desired result. + +Let's write a test that demonstrates our desired outcome: + +.. code-block:: python + + # add this import at the top + from myblog.models import Post + + # and this test method to the PostTestCase + def test_string_representation(self): + expected = "This is a title" + p1 = Post(title=expected) + actual = str(p1) + self.assertEqual(expected, actual) + + +To run tests, use the ``test`` management command. Without arguments, it will +run all TestCases it finds in all installed *apps*. You can pass the name of a +single app to focus on those tests. + +Quit your Django shell and in your terminal run the test we wrote: + +.. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py test myblog + +We have yet to implement this enhancement, so our test should fail: + +:: + + Creating test database for alias 'default'... + F + ====================================================================== + FAIL: test_string_representation (myblog.tests.PostTestCase) + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + Traceback (most recent call last): + File "/Users/cewing/projects/training/uw_pce/training.python_web/scripts/session07/mysite/myblog/tests.py", line 15, in test_string_representation + self.assertEqual(expected, actual) + AssertionError: 'This is a title' != u'Post object' + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + Ran 1 test in 0.007s + + FAILED (failures=1) + Destroying test database for alias 'default'... + +Let's add an appropriate ``__str__`` method to our Post class. + +* It will take ``self`` as its only argument +* And it should return its own title as the result +* Go ahead and take a stab at this in ``models.py`` + +.. code-block:: python + + class Post(models.Model): + #... + + def __str__(self): + return self.title + +Re-run the tests to see if that worked:: + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py test myblog + Creating test database for alias 'default'... + . + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + Ran 1 test in 0.007s + + OK + Destroying test database for alias 'default'... + +.. rst-class:: centered + +**YIPEEEE!** + + +What to Test +------------ + +In any framework, the question arises of what to test. Much of your app's +functionality is provided by framework tools. Does that need testing? I +*usually* don't write tests covering features provided directly by the +framework. I *do* write tests for functionality I add, and for places where I +make changes to how the default functionality works. This is largely a matter +of style and taste (and of budget). + +We've only begun to test our blog app. We'll be adding many more tests later. +In between, you might want to take a look at the `Django testing documentation`_: + +.. _Django testing documentation: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/testing/ + + +The Django Admin +================ + +There are some who believe that Django has been Python's *killer app*. And +without doubt the Django Admin is a *killer feature* for Django. To demonstrate +this, we are going to set up the admin for our blog + +The Django Admin is, itself, an *app*, installed by default (as of 1.6). Open +the ``settings.py`` file from our ``mysite`` project package and verify that +you see it in the list: + +.. code-block:: python + + INSTALLED_APPS = ( + 'django.contrib.admin', # <- already present + # ... + ) + +What we need now is to allow the admin to be seen through a web browser. To do +that, we'll have to add some URLs to our project. + + +Django URL Resolution +--------------------- + +Like Pyramid, Django has a system for dispatching requests to code: the *urlconf*. + +* A urlconf is an iterable of calls to the ``django.conf.urls.url`` function +* This function takes: + + * a regexp *rule*, representing the URL + * a ``callable`` to be invoked (or a name identifying one) + * an optional *name* kwarg, used to *reverse* the URL + * other optional arguments we will skip for now + +* The function returns a *resolver* that matches the request path to the + callable + +I said above that a urlconf is an iterable. That iterable is generally built by +calling the ``django.conf.urls.patterns`` function. It's best to build it that +way, but in reality, any iterable will do. + +However, the name you give this iterable is **not flexible**. Django will load +the urlconf named ``urlpatterns`` that it finds in the file named in +``settings.ROOT_URLCONF``. + +Many Django add-on *apps*, like the Django Admin, come with their own urlconf. +It is standard to include these urlconfs by rooting them at some path in your +site. + +You can do this by using the ``django.conf.urls.include`` function as the +callable in a ``url`` call: + +.. code-block:: python + + url(r'^forum/', include('random.forum.app.urls')) + + +Including the Admin +------------------- + +We can use this to add *all* the URLs provided by the Django admin in one +stroke. + + verify the following lines in ``urls.py``: + + .. code-block:: python + + + from django.contrib import admin # <- should be present already + + urlpatterns = [ + ... + url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), #<- this should be too + ] + +We can now view the admin. We'll use the Django development server. + +.. rst-class:: build + +In your terminal, use the ``runserver`` management command to start the +development server: + +.. rst-class:: build + +:: + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py runserver + Validating models... + + 0 errors found + Django version 1.4.3, using settings 'mysite.settings' + Development server is running at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ + Quit the server with CONTROL-C. + + +Viewing the Admin +----------------- + +Load ``http://localhost:8000/admin/``. You should see this: + +.. figure:: /_static/django-admin-login.png + :align: center + :width: 50% + +.. rst-class:: build + +Login with the name and password you created before. + + +The Admin Index +--------------- + +The index will provide a list of all the installed *apps* and each model +registered. You should see this: + +.. image:: /_static/admin_index.png + :align: center + :width: 90% + +.. rst-class:: build + +Click on ``Users``. Find yourself? Edit yourself, but **don't** uncheck +``superuser``. + + +Add Posts to the Admin +---------------------- + +Okay, let's add our app model to the admin. Find the ``admin.py`` file in the +``myblog`` package. Open it, add the following and save the file: + +.. code-block:: python + + from django.contrib import admin # <- this is already there. + from myblog.models import Post + + admin.site.register(Post) + +Reload the admin index page in your browser. You should now see a listing for +the Myblog app, and an entry for Posts. + +Visit the admin page for Posts. You should see the posts we created earlier in +the Django shell. Look at the listing of Posts. Because of our ``__str__`` +method we see a nice title. + +Are there other fields you'd like to see listed? Click on a Post, note what is +and is not shown. + + +Next Steps +---------- + +We've learned a great deal about Django's ORM and Models. We've also spent some +time getting to know the Query API provided by model managers and QuerySets. + +We've also hooked up the Django Admin and noted some shortcomings. + +In class we'll learn how to put a front end on this, add new models, and +customize the admin experience. + + diff --git a/source/presentations/index.rst b/source/presentations/index.rst index d247ab7a..79588fbb 100644 --- a/source/presentations/index.rst +++ b/source/presentations/index.rst @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +.. slideconf:: + :autoslides: False + Course Presentations ==================== -.. _index: -* `Week 1 - Sockets`_ -* `Week 2 - Web Protocols`_ -* `Week 3 - APIs and Mashups`_ -* `Week 4 - CGI and WSGI`_ -* `Week 5 - Small Frameworks`_ -* `Week 6 - Django`_ -* `Week 7 - Django`_ -* `Week 8 - Pyramid`_ -* `Week 9 - The Cloud`_ -* `Week 10 - Plone`_ +.. slide:: Course Presentations + :level: 1 + + This document contains no slides. + +Each presentation is the material presented in class for a session of this +course. + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 2 -.. _Week 1 - Sockets: week01.html -.. _Week 2 - Web Protocols: week02.html -.. _Week 3 - APIs and Mashups: week03.html -.. _Week 4 - CGI and WSGI: week04.html -.. _Week 5 - Small Frameworks: week05.html -.. _Week 6 - Django: week06.html -.. _Week 7 - Django: week07.html -.. _Week 8 - Pyramid: week08.html -.. _Week 9 - The Cloud: week09.html -.. _Week 10 - Plone: week10.html + session01 + session02 + session03 + session04 + session05 + session06 + session07 + session08 + session09 + session10 diff --git a/source/presentations/session01.rst b/source/presentations/session01.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f28b6346 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/presentations/session01.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1297 @@ +********** +Session 01 +********** + +.. figure:: /_static/python.png + :align: center + :width: 50% + + **Networking and Sockets** + +Computer Communications +======================= + +.. rst-class:: large centered + +Wherein we learn about how computers speak to each-other over a network. + +But First +--------- + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + Class presentations are available online for your use + + .. rst-class:: small + + https://github.com/UWPCE-PythonCert/training.python_web + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + Licensed with Creative Commons BY-NC-SA + + .. rst-class:: build + + * You must attribute the work + * You may not use the work for commercial purposes + * You have to share your versions just like this one + + Find mistakes? See improvements? Make a pull request. + +.. nextslide:: + +The rendered documentation is available as well: + +http://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io + +Please check frequently. I will update with great regularity + +.. nextslide:: + +**Classroom Protocol** + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Questions to ask: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * What did you just say? + * Please explain what we just did again? + * How did that work? + * Why didn't that work for me? + * Is that a typo? + +.. nextslide:: + +**Classroom Protocol** + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Questions **not** to ask: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * **Hypotheticals**: What happens if I do X? + * **Research**: Can Python do Y? + * **Syllabus**: Are we going to cover Z in class? + * **Marketing questions**: please just don't. + * **Performance questions**: Is Python fast enough? + * **Unpythonic**: Why doesn't Python do it some other way? + * **Show off**: Look what I just did! + +.. nextslide:: + +.. rst-class:: large center + +Introductions + + +TCP/IP +------ + +.. figure:: /_static/network_topology.png + :align: left + + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite + +.. rst-class:: build + +* processes can communicate +* inside one machine +* between two machines +* among many machines + + +.. nextslide:: + +.. figure:: /_static/data_in_tcpip_stack.png + :align: left + :width: 100% + + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Process divided into 'layers' +* 'Layers' are mostly arbitrary +* Different descriptions have different layers +* Most common is the 'TCP/IP Stack' + + +The TCP/IP Stack - Link +----------------------- + +The bottom layer is the 'Link Layer' + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Deals with the physical connections between machines, 'the wire' + +* Packages data for physical transport + +* Executes transmission over a physical medium + + .. rst-class:: build + + * what that medium is is arbitrary + +* Implemented in the Network Interface Card(s) (NIC) in your computer + + +The TCP/IP Stack - Internet +--------------------------- + +Moving up, we have the 'Internet Layer' + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Deals with addressing and routing + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Where are we going and how do we get there? + +* Agnostic as to physical medium (IP over Avian Carrier - IPoAC) + +* Makes no promises of reliability + +* Two addressing systems + + .. rst-class:: build + + * IPv4 (current, limited '192.168.1.100') + + * IPv6 (future, 3.4 x 10^38 addresses, '2001:0db8:85a3:0042:0000:8a2e:0370:7334') + + +.. nextslide:: + +.. rst-class:: large center + +That's 4.3 x 10^28 addresses *per person alive today* + + +The TCP/IP Stack - Transport +---------------------------- + +Next up is the 'Transport Layer' + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Deals with transmission and reception of data + + * error correction, flow control, congestion management + +* Common protocols include TCP & UDP + + * TCP: Tranmission Control Protocol + + * UDP: User Datagram Protocol + +* Not all Transport Protocols are 'reliable' + + .. rst-class:: build + + * TCP ensures that dropped packets are resent + + * UDP makes no such assurance + + * Reliability is slow and expensive + + +.. nextslide:: + +The 'Transport Layer' also establishes the concept of a **port** + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * IP Addresses designate a specific *machine* on the network + + * A **port** provides addressing for individual *applications* in a single + host + + * 192.168.1.100:80 (the *:80* part is the **port**) + + * [2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a2e:370:7348]:443 (*:443* is the **port**) + + This means that you don't have to worry about information intended for your + web browser being accidentally read by your email client. + + +.. nextslide:: + +There are certain **ports** which are commonly understood to belong to given +applications or protocols: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * 80/443 - HTTP/HTTPS + * 20 - FTP + * 22 - SSH + * 23 - Telnet + * 25 - SMTP + * ... + + These ports are often referred to as **well-known ports** + + .. rst-class:: small + + (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers) + +.. nextslide:: + +Ports are grouped into a few different classes + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Ports numbered 0 - 1023 are *reserved* + +* Ports numbered 1024 - 65535 are *open* + +* Ports numbered 1024 - 49151 may be *registered* + +* Ports numbered 49152 - 65535 are called *ephemeral* + + +The TCP/IP Stack - Application +------------------------------ + +The topmost layer is the 'Application Layer' + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Deals directly with data produced or consumed by an application + + * Reads or writes data using a set of understood, well-defined **protocols** + + * HTTP, SMTP, FTP etc. + + * Does not know (or need to know) about lower layer functionality + + * The exception to this rule is **endpoint** data (or IP:Port) + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **this is where we live and work** + + +Sockets +------- + +Think back for a second to what we just finished discussing, the TCP/IP stack. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * The *Internet* layer gives us an **IP Address** + + * The *Transport* layer establishes the idea of a **port**. + + * The *Application* layer doesn't care about what happens below... + + * *Except for* **endpoint data** (IP:Port) + + A **Socket** is the software representation of that endpoint. + + Opening a **socket** creates a kind of transceiver that can send and/or + receive *bytes* at a given IP address and Port. + + +Sockets in Python +----------------- + +Python provides a standard library module which provides socket functionality. +It is called **socket**. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The library is really just a very thin wrapper around the system + implementation of *BSD Sockets* + + Let's spend a few minutes getting to know this module. + + We're going to do this next part together, so open up a terminal and start + an iPython interpreter + + +.. nextslide:: + +The Python sockets library allows us to find out what port a *service* uses: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [1]: import socket + + In [2]: socket.getservbyname('ssh') + Out[2]: 22 + + You can also do a *reverse lookup*, finding what service uses a given *port*: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [3]: socket.getservbyport(80) + Out[3]: 'http' + + +.. nextslide:: + +The sockets library also provides tools for finding out information about +*hosts*. For example, you can find out about the hostname and IP address of +the machine you are currently using: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [4]: socket.gethostname() + Out[4]: 'Banks' + + In [5]: socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()) + Out[5]: '127.0.0.1' + +.. nextslide:: + +You can also find out about machines that are located elsewhere, assuming you +know their hostname. For example: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [6]: socket.gethostbyname('google.com') + Out[6]: '173.194.33.100' + + In [7]: socket.gethostbyname('uw.edu') + Out[7]: '128.95.155.134' + + In [8]: socket.gethostbyname('crisewing.com') + Out[8]: '108.168.213.86' + + +.. nextslide:: + +The ``gethostbyname_ex`` method of the ``socket`` library provides more +information about the machines we are exploring: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [9]: socket.gethostbyname_ex('crisewing.com') + Out[9]: ('crisewing.com', [], ['108.168.213.86']) + + In [10]: socket.gethostbyname_ex('google.com') + Out[10]: + ('google.com', + [], + ['173.194.33.100', '173.194.33.103', + ... + '173.194.33.97', '173.194.33.104']) + +.. nextslide:: + +To create a socket, you use the **socket** method of the ``socket`` library. +It takes up to three optional positional arguments (here we use none to get +the default behavior): + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [11]: foo = socket.socket() + + In [12]: foo + Out[12]: + +.. nextslide:: + +A socket has some properties that are immediately important to us. These +include the *family*, *type* and *protocol* of the socket: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [13]: foo.family + Out[13]: + + In [14]: foo.type + Out[14]: + + In [15]: foo.proto + Out[15]: 0 + + You might notice that the values for these properties are integers. In + fact, these integers are **constants** defined in the socket library. + + +.. nextslide:: A quick utility method + +Let's define a method in place to help us see these constants. It will take a +single argument, the shared prefix for a defined set of constants: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + (you can also find this in ``resources/session01/socket_tools.py``) + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [37]: def get_constants(prefix): + ....: """mapping of socket module constants to their names""" + ....: return {getattr(socket, n): n + ....: for n in dir(socket) + ....: if n.startswith(prefix) + ....: } + ....: + + +Socket Families +--------------- + +Think back a moment to our discussion of the *Internet* layer of the TCP/IP +stack. There were a couple of different types of IP addresses: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * IPv4 ('192.168.1.100') + + * IPv6 ('2001:0db8:85a3:0042:0000:8a2e:0370:7334') + + + The **family** of a socket corresponds to the *addressing system* it uses + for connecting. + +.. nextslide:: + +Families defined in the ``socket`` library are prefixed by ``AF_``: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [39]: families = get_constants('AF_') + + In [40]: families + Out[40]: + {: 'AF_UNSPEC', + : 'AF_UNIX', + : 'AF_INET', + ... + : 'AF_INET6', + : 'AF_SYSTEM'} + + *Your results may vary* + + Of all of these, the ones we care most about are ``2`` (IPv4) and ``30`` + (IPv6). + + +.. nextslide:: Unix Domain Sockets + + +When you are on a machine with an operating system that is Unix-like, you will +find another generally useful socket family: ``AF_UNIX``, or Unix Domain +Sockets. Sockets in this family: + +.. rst-class:: build + +* connect processes **on the same machine** + +* are generally a bit slower than IPC connnections + +* have the benefit of allowing the same API for programs that might run on one + machine __or__ across the network + +* use an 'address' that looks like a pathname ('/tmp/foo.sock') + + +.. nextslide:: Test your skills + +What is the *default* family for the socket we created just a moment ago? + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + (remember we bound the socket to the symbol ``foo``) + + How did you figure this out? + + +Socket Types +------------ + +The socket *type* determines the semantics of socket communications. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Look up socket type constants with the ``SOCK_`` prefix: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [42]: types = get_constants('SOCK_') + + In [43]: types + Out[43]: + {: 'SOCK_STREAM', + : 'SOCK_DGRAM', + : 'SOCK_RAW', + : 'SOCK_RDM', + : 'SOCK_SEQPACKET'} + + The most common are ``1`` (Stream communication (TCP)) and ``2`` (Datagram + communication (UDP)). + + +.. nextslide:: Test your skills + +What is the *default* type for our generic socket, ``foo``? + + +Socket Protocols +---------------- + +A socket also has a designated *protocol*. The constants for these are +prefixed by ``IPPROTO_``: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [45]: protocols = get_constants('IPPROTO_') + + In [46]: protocols + Out[46]: + {0: 'IPPROTO_IP', + ... + 6: 'IPPROTO_TCP', + ... + 17: 'IPPROTO_UDP', + ...} + + The choice of which protocol to use for a socket is determined by the + *internet layer* protocol you intend to use. ``TCP``? ``UDP``? ``ICMP``? + ``IGMP``? + + +.. nextslide:: Test your skills + +What is the *default* protocol used by our generic socket, ``foo``? + + +Customizing Sockets +------------------- + +These three properties of a socket correspond to the three positional +arguments you may pass to the socket constructor. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Using them allows you to create sockets with specific communications + profiles: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [3]: socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, + ...: socket.SOCK_DGRAM, + ...: socket.IPPROTO_UDP) + Out[3]: + + +Break Time +---------- + +So far we have: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * learned about the "layers" of the TCP/IP Stack + * discussed *families*, *types* and *protocols* in sockets + * learned how to create sockets with a specific communications profile. + + When we return we'll learn how to find the communcations profiles of remote + sockets, how to connect to them, and how to send and receive messages. + + Take a few minutes now to clear your head (do not quit your python + interpreter). + + +Address Information +------------------- + +When you are creating a socket to communicate with a remote service, the +remote socket will have a specific communications profile. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The local socket you create must match that communications profile. + + How can you determine the *correct* values to use? + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **You ask.** + +.. nextslide:: + +The function ``socket.getaddrinfo`` provides information about available +connections on a given host. + +.. code-block:: python + + socket.getaddrinfo('127.0.0.1', 80) + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This provides all you need to make a proper connection to a socket on a + remote host. The value returned is a tuple of: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * socket family + * socket type + * socket protocol + * canonical name (usually empty, unless requested by flag) + * socket address (tuple of IP and Port) + + +.. nextslide:: A quick utility method + +Again, let's create a utility method in-place so we can see this in action: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [10]: def get_address_info(host, port): + ....: for response in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port): + ....: fam, typ, pro, nam, add = response + ....: print('family: {}'.format(families[fam])) + ....: print('type: {}'.format(types[typ])) + ....: print('protocol: {}'.format(protocols[pro])) + ....: print('canonical name: {}'.format(nam)) + ....: print('socket address: {}'.format(add)) + ....: print('') + ....: + +(you can also find this in ``resources/session01/socket_tools.py``) + + +.. nextslide:: On Your Own Machine + +Now, ask your own machine what possible connections are available for 'http': + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [11]: get_address_info(socket.gethostname(), 'http') + family: AF_INET + type: SOCK_DGRAM + protocol: IPPROTO_UDP + canonical name: + socket address: ('127.0.0.1', 80) + + family: AF_INET + type: SOCK_STREAM + protocol: IPPROTO_TCP + canonical name: + socket address: ('127.0.0.1', 80) + + What answers do you get? + + +.. nextslide:: On the Internet + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [12]: get_address_info('crisewing.com', 'http') + family: AF_INET + type: SOCK_DGRAM + protocol: IPPROTO_UDP + canonical name: + socket address: ('108.168.213.86', 80) + + family: AF_INET + type: SOCK_STREAM + protocol: IPPROTO_TCP + canonical name: + socket address: ('108.168.213.86', 80) + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Try a few other servers you know about. + + +Client Side +=========== + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: large + + Let's put this to use + + We'll communicate with a remote server as a *client* + + +Construct a Socket +------------------ + +We've already made a socket ``foo`` using the generic constructor without any +arguments. We can make a better one now by using real address information from +a real server online [**do not type this yet**]: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [13]: streams = [info + ....: for info in socket.getaddrinfo('crisewing.com', 'http') + ....: if info[1] == socket.SOCK_STREAM] + ....: + In [14]: streams + Out[14]: + [(, + , + 6, + '', + ('108.168.213.86', 80))] + In [15]: info = streams[0] + In [16]: cewing_socket = socket.socket(*info[:3]) + + +Connecting a Socket +------------------- + +Once the socket is constructed with the appropriate *family*, *type* and +*protocol*, we can connect it to the address of our remote server: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [18]: cewing_socket.connect(info[-1]) + +.. rst-class:: build + +* a successful connection returns ``None`` + +* a failed connection raises an error + +* you can use the *type* of error returned to tell why the connection failed. + + +Sending a Message +----------------- + +Send a message to the server on the other end of our connection (we'll +learn in session 2 about the message we are sending): + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [19]: msg = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n" + In [20]: msg += "Host: crisewing.com\r\n\r\n" + In [21]: msg = msg.encode('utf8') + In [22]: msg + Out[22]: b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: crisewing.com\r\n\r\n' + In [23]: cewing_socket.sendall(msg) + +.. rst-class:: build small + +* the transmission continues until all data is sent or an error occurs +* success returns ``None`` +* failure to send raises an error +* the type of error can tell you why the transmission failed +* but you **cannot** know how much, if any, of your data was sent + + +Messages Are Bytes +------------------ + +One detail from the previous code should stand out: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [21]: msg = msg.encode('utf8') + In [22]: msg + Out[22]: b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: crisewing.com\r\n\r\n' + +You can **only** send bytes through a socket, **never** unicode + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [35]: cewing_socket.sendall(msg.decode('utf8')) + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) + in () + ----> 1 cewing_socket.sendall(msg.decode('utf8')) + + TypeError: 'str' does not support the buffer interface + + +Receiving a Reply +----------------- + +Whatever reply we get is received by the socket we created. We can read it +back out (again, **do not type this yet**): + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [24]: response = cewing_socket.recv(4096) + In [25]: response[:60] + Out[25]: b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nServer: nginx\r\nDate: Sun, 20 Sep 2015 03:38' + +.. rst-class:: build + +* The sole required argument is ``buffer_size`` (an integer). It should be a + power of 2 and smallish (~4096) +* It returns a byte string of ``buffer_size`` (or smaller if less data was + received) +* If the response is longer than ``buffer size``, you can call the method + repeatedly. The last bunch will be less than ``buffer size``. + + +Cleaning Up +----------- + +When you are finished with a connection, you should always close it:: + + cewing_socket.close() + + +Putting it all together +----------------------- + +First, connect and send a message: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [55]: info = socket.getaddrinfo('crisewing.com', 'http') + In [56]: streams = [i for i in info if i[1] == socket.SOCK_STREAM] + In [57]: sock_info = streams[0] + In [58]: msg = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n" + In [59]: msg += "Host: crisewing.com\r\n\r\n" + In [60]: msg = msg.encode('utf8') + In [61]: cewing_socket = socket.socket(*sock_info[:3]) + In [62]: cewing_socket.connect(sock_info[-1]) + In [63]: cewing_socket.sendall(msg) + + +.. nextslide:: + +Then, receive a reply, iterating until it is complete: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [65]: buffsize = 4096 + In [66]: response = b'' + In [67]: done = False + In [68]: while not done: + ....: msg_part = cewing_socket.recv(buffsize) + ....: if len(msg_part) < buffsize: + ....: done = True + ....: cewing_socket.close() + ....: response += msg_part + ....: + In [69]: len(response) + Out[69]: 19464 + + +Server Side +=========== + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: large + + What about the other half of the equation? + + Let's build a server and see how that part works. + +Construct a Socket +------------------ + +**For the moment, stop typing this into your interpreter.** + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Again, we begin by constructing a socket. Since we are actually the server + this time, we get to choose family, type and protocol: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [70]: server_socket = socket.socket( + ....: socket.AF_INET, + ....: socket.SOCK_STREAM, + ....: socket.IPPROTO_TCP) + + In [71]: server_socket + Out[71]: + + +Bind the Socket +--------------- + +Our server socket needs to be **bound** to an address. This is the IP Address +and Port to which clients must connect: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [72]: address = ('127.0.0.1', 50000) + In [73]: server_socket.bind(address) + + **Terminology Note**: In a server/client relationship, the server *binds* + to an address and port. The client *connects* + +Listen for Connections +---------------------- + +Once our socket is bound to an address, we can listen for attempted +connections: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [74]: server_socket.listen(1) + +.. rst-class:: build + +* The argument to ``listen`` is the *backlog* +* The *backlog* is the **maximum** number of connection requests that the + socket will queue +* Once the limit is reached, the socket refuses new connections. + + +Accept A Connection +------------------- + +When a socket is listening, it can receive incoming connection requests: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [75]: connection, client_address = server_socket.accept() + +.. rst-class:: build + +* The call to ``socket.accept()`` is a *blocking* call. It will not return + values until a client *connects* +* The ``connection`` returned by a call to ``accept`` is a **new socket**. + This new socket is used to communicate with the client +* The ``client_address`` is a two-tuple of IP Address and Port for the client + socket +* When a connection request is 'accepted', it is removed from the backlog + queue. + + +Communicate +----------- + +The ``connection`` socket can now be used to receive messages from the client +which made the connection: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [76]: connection.recv(buffsize) + +It may also be used to return a reply: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [77]: connection.sendall("message received") + + +Clean Up +-------- + +Once a transaction between the client and server is complete, the +``connection`` socket should be closed: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [78]: connection.close() + + At this point, the ``server_socket`` can again accept a new client + connection. + + Note that the ``server_socket`` is *never* closed as long as the server + continues to run. + + +Getting the Flow +================ + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + The flow of this interaction can be a bit confusing. Let's see it in + action step-by-step. + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + .. container:: + + Open a second iPython interpreter and place it next to your first so + you can see both of them at the same time. + + +Create a Server +--------------- + +In your first python interpreter, create a server socket and prepare it for +connections: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [81]: server_socket = socket.socket( + ....: socket.AF_INET, + ....: socket.SOCK_STREAM, + ....: socket.IPPROTO_IP) + In [82]: server_socket.bind(('127.0.0.1', 50000)) + In [83]: server_socket.listen(1) + In [84]: conn, addr = server_socket.accept() + + + At this point, you should **not** get back a prompt. The server socket is + waiting for a connection to be made. + + +Create a Client +--------------- + +In your second interpreter, create a client socket and prepare to send a +message: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [1]: import socket + In [2]: client_socket = socket.socket( + ...: socket.AF_INET, + ...: socket.SOCK_STREAM, + ...: socket.IPPROTO_IP) + + Before connecting, keep your eye on the server interpreter: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [3]: client_socket.connect(('127.0.0.1', 50000)) + + +Send a Message Client->Server +----------------------------- + +As soon as you made the connection above, you should have seen the prompt +return in your server interpreter. The ``accept`` method finally returned a +new connection socket. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + When you're ready, type the following in the *client* interpreter: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [4]: client_socket.sendall('Hey, can you hear me?'.encode('utf8')) + + +Receive and Respond +------------------- + +Back in your server interpreter, go ahead and receive the message from your +client: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [87]: msg = conn.recv(4096) + In [88]: msg + Out[88]: b'Hey, can you hear me?' + + Send a message back, and then close up your connection: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [89]: conn.sendall('Yes, I can hear you.'.encode('utf8')) + In [90]: conn.close() + +Finish Up +--------- + +Back in your client interpreter, take a look at the response to your message, +then be sure to close your client socket too: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [5]: from_server = client_socket.recv(4096) + In [6]: from_server + Out[6]: b'Yes, I can hear you.' + In [7]: client_socket.close() + + And now that we're done, we can close up the server socket too (back in the + server interpreter): + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [91]: server_socket.close() + + +.. nextslide:: Congratulations! + +.. rst-class:: large center + +You've run your first client-server interaction + + +Homework +======== + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + Your homework assignment for this week is to take what you've learned here + and build a simple "echo" server. + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + The server should automatically return to any client that connects *exactly* + what it receives (it should **echo** all messages). + + You will also write a python script that, when run, will send a message to the + server and receive the reply, printing it to ``stdout``. + + Finally, you'll do all of this so that it can be tested. + + +Your Task +--------- + +In our class repository, there is a folder ``resources/session01``. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Inside that folder, you should find: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * A file ``tasks.txt`` that contains these instructions + + * A skeleton for your server in ``echo_server.py`` + + * A skeleton for your client script in ``echo_client.py`` + + * Some simple tests in ``tests.py`` + + Your task is to make the tests pass. + + +Running the Tests +----------------- + +To run the tests, you'll have to set the server running in one terminal: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ python echo_server.py + + Then, in a second terminal, you will execute the tests: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ python tests.py + + You should see output like this: + + .. code-block:: bash + + [...] + FAILED (failures=2) + + +Submitting Your Homework +------------------------ + +To submit your homework: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Create a new repository in GitHub. Call it ``echo_sockets``. + + * Put the ``echo_server.py``, ``echo_client.py`` and ``tests.py`` files in + this repository. + + * Send us an email with a link to your repository when you are + done. + + We will clone your repository and run the tests as described above. + + And we'll make comments inline on your repository. + + +Going Further +------------- + +In ``resources/session01/tasks.txt`` you'll find a few extra problems to try. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + If you finish the first part of the homework in less than 3-4 hours give + one or more of these a whirl. + + They are not required, but if you include solutions in your repository, + we'll review your work. diff --git a/source/presentations/session02.rst b/source/presentations/session02.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3dc36eac --- /dev/null +++ b/source/presentations/session02.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1680 @@ +.. |br| raw:: html + +
          + +********** +Session 02 +********** + +.. figure:: /_static/protocol.png + :align: center + :width: 40% + + Web Protocols + +The Languages Computers Speak +============================= + +.. rst-class:: build left +.. container:: + + Programming languages like Python are the languages we speak to computers. + + *Protocols* are the languages that computers speak to each-other. + + This sesson we'll look at a few of them and + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Learn what makes them similar + * Learn what makes them different + * Learn about Python's tools for speaking them + * Learn how to speak one (HTTP) ourselves + + +But First +---------- + +.. rst-class:: large centered + +Questions from the Homework? + + +.. nextslide:: + +.. rst-class:: large centered + +Examples of an echo server using ``select`` + + +What is a Protocol? +------------------- + +.. rst-class:: build large centered +.. container:: + + **a set of rules or conventions** + + **governing communications** + + +.. nextslide:: Protocols IRL + +Life has lots of sets of rules for how to do things. + +.. rst-class:: build + +* What do you say when you get on the elevator? + +* What do you do on a first date? + +* What do you wear to a job interview? + +* What do (and don't) you talk about at a dinner party? + +* ...? + + +.. nextslide:: Protocols IRL + +.. figure:: /_static/icup.png + :align: center + :width: 65% + + http://blog.xkcd.com/2009/09/02/urinal-protocol-vulnerability/ + + +.. nextslide:: Protocols In Computers + +Digital life has lots of rules too: + +.. rst-class:: build + +* how to say hello + +* how to identify yourself + +* how to ask for information + +* how to provide answers + +* how to say goodbye + + +Real Protocol Examples +---------------------- + +What does this look like in practice? + +.. rst-class:: build + +* SMTP (Simple Message Transfer Protocol) |br| + http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321#appendix-D + +* POP3 (Post Office Protocol) |br| + http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ch05s03.html + +* IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) |br| + http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ch05s03.html + +* HTTP (Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol) |br| + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol + + +.. nextslide:: A Word on Typography + +Over the next few slides we'll be looking at server/client interactions. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Each interaction is line-based, each line represents one message. + + Messages from the Server to the Client are prefaced with ``S (<--)`` + + Messages from the Client to the Server are prefaced with ``C (-->)`` + + **All** lines end with the character sequence ```` (``\r\n``) + + +SMTP +---- + +What does SMTP look like? + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + SMTP (Say hello and identify yourself):: + + S (<--): 220 foo.com Simple Mail Transfer Service Ready + C (-->): EHLO bar.com + S (<--): 250-foo.com greets bar.com + S (<--): 250-8BITMIME + S (<--): 250-SIZE + S (<--): 250-DSN + S (<--): 250 HELP + + +.. nextslide:: + +.. ifslides:: + + What does SMTP look like? + +SMTP (Ask for information, provide answers):: + + C (-->): MAIL FROM: + S (<--): 250 OK + C (-->): RCPT TO: + S (<--): 250 OK + C (-->): RCPT TO: + S (<--): 550 No such user here + C (-->): DATA + S (<--): 354 Start mail input; end with . + C (-->): Blah blah blah... + C (-->): ...etc. etc. etc. + C (-->): . + S (<--): 250 OK + +.. nextslide:: + +.. ifslides:: + + What does SMTP look like? + +SMTP (Say goodbye):: + + C (-->): QUIT + S (<--): 221 foo.com Service closing transmission channel + + +.. nextslide:: SMTP Characteristics + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Interaction consists of commands and replies +* Each command or reply is *one line* terminated by |br| + (there are exceptions, see the ``250`` reply to ``EHLO`` above) +* The exception is message payload, terminated by . +* Each command has a *verb* and one or more *arguments* +* Each reply has a formal *code* and an informal *explanation* + + +POP3 +---- + +What does POP3 look like? + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + POP3 (Say hello and identify yourself):: + + C (-->): + S (<--): +OK POP3 server ready <1896.6971@mailgate.dobbs.org> + C (-->): USER bob + S (<--): +OK bob + C (-->): PASS redqueen + S (<--): +OK bob's maildrop has 2 messages (320 octets) + + +.. nextslide:: + +.. ifslides:: + + What does POP3 look like? + +POP3 (Ask for information, provide answers):: + + C (-->): STAT + S (<--): +OK 2 320 + C (-->): LIST + S (<--): +OK 1 messages (120 octets) + S (<--): 1 120 + S (<--): . + + +.. nextslide:: + +.. ifslides:: + + What does POP3 look like? + +POP3 (Ask for information, provide answers):: + + C (-->): RETR 1 + S (<--): +OK 120 octets + S (<--): + S (<--): . + C (-->): DELE 1 + S (<--): +OK message 1 deleted + + +.. nextslide:: + +.. ifslides:: + + What does POP3 look like? + +POP3 (Say goodbye):: + + C (-->): QUIT + S (<--): +OK dewey POP3 server signing off (maildrop empty) + C (-->): + + +.. nextslide:: POP3 Characteristics + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Interaction consists of commands and replies + * Each command or reply is *one line* terminated by + * The exception is message payload, terminated by . + * Each command has a *verb* and one or more *arguments* + * Each reply has a formal *code* and an informal *explanation* + + The codes don't really look the same, though, do they? + + +.. nextslide:: One Other Difference + +The exception to the one-line-per-message rule is *payload* + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + In both SMTP and POP3 this is terminated by . + + In SMTP, the *client* has this ability + + But in POP3, it belongs to the *server*. + + .. rst-class:: large centered + + Why? + +IMAP +---- + +What does IMAP look like? + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + IMAP (Say hello and identify yourself):: + + C (-->): + S (<--): * OK example.com IMAP4rev1 v12.264 server ready + C (-->): A0001 USER "frobozz" "xyzzy" + S (<--): * OK User frobozz authenticated + + +.. nextslide:: + +.. ifslides:: + + What does IMAP look like? + +IMAP (Ask for information, provide answers [connect to an inbox]):: + + C (-->): A0002 SELECT INBOX + S (<--): * 1 EXISTS + S (<--): * 1 RECENT + S (<--): * FLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Draft \Seen) + S (<--): * OK [UNSEEN 1] first unseen message in /var/spool/mail/esr + S (<--): A0002 OK [READ-WRITE] SELECT completed + + +.. nextslide:: + +.. ifslides:: + + What does IMAP look like? + +IMAP (Ask for information, provide answers [Get message sizes]):: + + C (-->): A0003 FETCH 1 RFC822.SIZE + S (<--): * 1 FETCH (RFC822.SIZE 2545) + S (<--): A0003 OK FETCH completed + + +.. nextslide:: + +.. ifslides:: + + What does IMAP look like? + +IMAP (Ask for information, provide answers [Get first message header]):: + + C (-->): A0004 FETCH 1 BODY[HEADER] + S (<--): * 1 FETCH (RFC822.HEADER {1425} + + S (<--): ) + S (<--): A0004 OK FETCH completed + + +.. nextslide:: + +.. ifslides:: + + What does IMAP look like? + +IMAP (Ask for information, provide answers [Get first message body]):: + + C (-->): A0005 FETCH 1 BODY[TEXT] + S (<--): * 1 FETCH (BODY[TEXT] {1120} + + S (<--): ) + S (<--): * 1 FETCH (FLAGS (\Recent \Seen)) + S (<--): A0005 OK FETCH completed + +.. nextslide:: + +.. ifslides:: + + What does IMAP look like? + +IMAP (Say goodbye):: + + C (-->): A0006 LOGOUT + S (<--): * BYE example.com IMAP4rev1 server terminating connection + S (<--): A0006 OK LOGOUT completed + C (-->): + + +.. nextslide:: IMAP Characteristics + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Interaction consists of commands and replies +* Each command or reply is *one line* terminated by +* Each command has a *verb* and one or more *arguments* +* Each reply has a formal *code* and an informal *explanation* + + +.. nextslide:: IMAP Differences + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Commands and replies are prefixed by 'sequence identifier' + * Payloads are prefixed by message size, rather than terminated by reserved + sequence + + Compared with POP3, what do these differences suggest? + + +Using IMAP in Python +-------------------- + +Let's try this out for ourselves! + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. container:: + + Fire up your python interpreters and prepare to type. + + +.. nextslide:: + +Begin by importing the ``imaplib`` module from the Python Standard Library: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [1]: import imaplib + In [2]: dir(imaplib) + Out[2]: + ['AllowedVersions', + 'CRLF', + 'Commands', + ... + 'timedelta', + 'timezone'] + In [3]: imaplib.Debug = 4 + + Setting ``imap.Debug`` shows us what is sent and received + + +.. nextslide:: + +I've prepared a server for us to use, but we'll need to set up a client to +speak to it. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Our server requires SSL (Secure Socket Layer) for connecting to IMAP + servers, so let's initialize an IMAP4_SSL client and authenticate: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [4]: conn = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('mail.webfaction.com') + 22:40.32 imaplib version 2.58 + 22:40.32 new IMAP4 connection, tag=b'IMKC' + 22:40.38 < b'* OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 LITERAL+ SASL-IR LOGIN-REFERRALS ID ENABLE IDLE AUTH=PLAIN] Dovecot ready.' + 22:40.38 > b'IMKC0 CAPABILITY' + 22:40.45 < b'* CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 LITERAL+ SASL-IR LOGIN-REFERRALS ID ENABLE IDLE AUTH=PLAIN' + 22:40.45 < b'IMKC0 OK Capability completed.' + 22:40.45 CAPABILITIES: ('IMAP4REV1', 'LITERAL+', 'SASL-IR', 'LOGIN-REFERRALS', 'ID', 'ENABLE', 'IDLE', 'AUTH=PLAIN') + In [5]: conn.login('crisewing_demobox', 's00p3rs3cr3t') + 22:59.92 > b'IMKC1 LOGIN crisewing_demobox "s00p3rs3cr3t"' + 23:01.79 < b'* CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 SASL-IR SORT THREAD=REFERENCES MULTIAPPEND UNSELECT LITERAL+ IDLE CHILDREN NAMESPACE LOGIN-REFERRALS STARTTLS AUTH=PLAIN' + 23:01.79 < b'IMKC1 OK Logged in.' + Out[5]: ('OK', [b'Logged in.']) + +.. nextslide:: + +We can start by listing the mailboxes we have on the server: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [6]: conn.list() + 26:30.64 > b'IMKC2 LIST "" *' + 26:30.72 < b'* LIST (\\HasNoChildren) "." "Trash"' + 26:30.72 < b'* LIST (\\HasNoChildren) "." "Drafts"' + 26:30.72 < b'* LIST (\\HasNoChildren) "." "Sent"' + 26:30.72 < b'* LIST (\\HasNoChildren) "." "Junk"' + 26:30.72 < b'* LIST (\\HasNoChildren) "." "INBOX"' + 26:30.72 < b'IMKC2 OK List completed.' + Out[6]: + ('OK', + [b'(\\HasNoChildren) "." "Trash"', + b'(\\HasNoChildren) "." "Drafts"', + b'(\\HasNoChildren) "." "Sent"', + b'(\\HasNoChildren) "." "Junk"', + b'(\\HasNoChildren) "." "INBOX"']) + + +.. nextslide:: + +To interact with our email, we must select a mailbox from the list we received +earlier: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [7]: conn.select('INBOX') + 27:20.96 > b'IMKC3 SELECT INBOX' + 27:21.04 < b'* FLAGS (\\Answered \\Flagged \\Deleted \\Seen \\Draft)' + 27:21.04 < b'* OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\\Answered \\Flagged \\Deleted \\Seen \\Draft \\*)] Flags permitted.' + 27:21.04 < b'* 1 EXISTS' + 27:21.04 < b'* 0 RECENT' + 27:21.04 < b'* OK [UNSEEN 1] First unseen.' + 27:21.04 < b'* OK [UIDVALIDITY 1357449499] UIDs valid' + 27:21.04 < b'* OK [UIDNEXT 24] Predicted next UID' + 27:21.04 < b'IMKC3 OK [READ-WRITE] Select completed.' + Out[7]: ('OK', [b'1']) + + +.. nextslide:: + +We can search our selected mailbox for messages matching one or more criteria. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The return value is a list of bytestrings containing the UIDs of messages + that match our search: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [8]: conn.search(None, '(FROM "cris")') + 28:43.02 > b'IMKC4 SEARCH (FROM "cris")' + 28:43.09 < b'* SEARCH 1' + 28:43.09 < b'IMKC4 OK Search completed.' + Out[8]: ('OK', [b'1']) + +.. nextslide:: + +Once we've found a message we want to look at, we can use the ``fetch`` +command to read it from the server. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + IMAP allows fetching each part of a message independently: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [9]: conn.fetch('1', 'BODY[HEADER]') + ... + Out[9]: ('OK', ...) + + In [10]: conn.fetch('1', 'FLAGS') + ... + Out[10]: ('OK', [b'1 (FLAGS (\\Seen))']) + + In [11]: conn.fetch('1', 'BODY[TEXT]') + ... + Out[11]: ('OK', ...) + + What does the message say? + +.. nextslide:: Batteries Included + +Python even includes an *email* library that would allow us to interact with +this message in an *OO* style. + +.. rst-class:: build + +.. container:: + + *Neat, Huh?* + +What Have We Learned? +--------------------- + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Protocols are just a set of rules for how to communicate + + * Protocols tell us how to parse and delimit messages + + * Protocols tell us what messages are valid + + * If we properly format request messages to a server, we can get response + messages + + * Python supports a number of these protocols + + * So we don't have to remember how to format the commands ourselves + + But in every case we've seen, we could do the same thing with a socket and + some strings + + +Break Time +---------- + +Let's take a few minutes here to clear our heads. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + When we return, we'll learn about the king of protocols, + + .. rst-class:: large centered + + HTTP + + +HTTP +==== + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + HTTP is no different + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + HTTP is also message-centered, with two-way communications: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Requests (Asking for information) + * Responses (Providing answers) + + +What does HTTP look like? +------------------------- + +HTTP (Ask for information): + +.. code-block:: http + + GET /index.html HTTP/1.1 + Host: www.example.com + + +.. ifnotslides:: + + .. note:: the ```` you see here is a visualization of the ``\r\n`` + character sequence. + +.. ifslides:: + + **note**: the ```` you see here is a visualization of the ``\r\n`` + character sequence. + + +.. nextslide:: + +HTTP (Provide answers): + +.. code-block:: http + + HTTP/1.1 200 OK + Date: Mon, 23 May 2005 22:38:34 GMT + Server: Apache/1.3.3.7 (Unix) (Red-Hat/Linux) + Last-Modified: Wed, 08 Jan 2003 23:11:55 GMT + Etag: "3f80f-1b6-3e1cb03b" + Accept-Ranges: none + Content-Length: 438 + Connection: close + Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 + + \n\n \n This is a .... </html> + +Pay particular attention to the ``<CRLF>`` on a line by itself. + + +.. nextslide:: HTTP Core Format + +In HTTP, both *request* and *response* share a common basic format: + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Line separators are <CRLF> (familiar, no?) +* A required initial line (a command or a response code) +* A (mostly) optional set of headers, one per line +* A blank line +* An optional body + + +Implementing HTTP +----------------- + +Let's investigate the HTTP protocol a bit in real life. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We'll do so by building a simplified HTTP server, one step at a time. + + There is a copy of the echo server from last time in + ``resources/session02``. It's called ``http_server.py``. + + In a terminal, move into that directory. We'll be doing our work here for + the rest of the session + + +.. nextslide:: TDD IRL (a quick aside) + +Test Driven Development (TDD) is all the rage these days. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It means that before you write code, you first write tests demonstrating + what you want your code to do. + + When all your tests pass, you are finished. You did this for your last + assignment. + + We'll be doing it again today. + + +.. nextslide:: Run the Tests + +From inside ``resources/session02`` start a second python interpreter and run +``$ python http_server.py`` + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + In your first interpreter run the tests. You should see similar output: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ python tests.py + [...] + Ran 10 tests in 0.054s + + FAILED (failures=3, errors=7) + + Let's take a few minutes here to look at these tests and understand them. + + +.. nextslide:: Viewing an HTTP Request + +Our job is to make all those tests pass. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + First, though, let's pretend this server really is a functional HTTP + server. + + This time, instead of using the echo client to make a connection to the + server, let's use a web browser! + + Point your favorite browser at ``http://localhost:10000`` + + +.. nextslide:: A Bad Interaction + +First, look at the printed output from your echo server. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Second, note that your browser is still waiting to finish loading the page + + Moreover, your server should also be hung, waiting for more from the + 'client' + + This is because the server is waiting for the browser to respond + + And at the same time, the browser is waiting for the server to indicate it + is done. + + Our server does not yet speak the HTTP protocol, but the browser is + expecting it. + +.. nextslide:: Echoing A Request + +Kill your server with ``ctrl-c`` (the keyboard interrupt) and you should see +some printed content in your browser: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: http + + GET / HTTP/1.1 + Host: localhost:10000 + User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0 + Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 + Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5 + Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate + DNT: 1 + Cookie: __utma=111872281.383966302.1364503233.1364503233.1364503233.1; __utmz=111872281.1364503233.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); csrftoken=uiqj579iGRbReBHmJQNTH8PFfAz2qRJS + Connection: keep-alive + Cache-Control: max-age=0 + + Your server is simply echoing what it receives, so this is an *HTTP + Request* as sent by your browser. + +.. nextslide:: HTTP Debugging + + +When working on HTTP applications, it's nice to be able to see all this going back +and forth. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Good browsers support this with a set of developer tools built-in. + + .. rst-class:: build + + * firefox -> ctrl-shift-K or cmd-opt-K (os X) + * safari -> enable in preferences:advanced then cmd-opt-i + * chrome -> ctrl-shift-i or cmd-opt-i (os X) + * IE (7.0+) -> F12 or tools menu -> developer tools + + The 'Net(work)' pane of these tools can show you both request and response, + headers and all. Very useful. + + +.. nextslide:: Stop! Demo Time + +.. rst-class:: centered + +**Let's take a quick look** + + +.. nextslide:: Other Debugging Options + +Sometimes you need or want to debug http requests that are not going through +your browser. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Or perhaps you need functionality that is not supported by in-browser tools + (request munging, header mangling, decryption of https request/responses) + + Then it might be time for an HTTP debugging proxy: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * windows: http://www.fiddler2.com/fiddler2/ + * win/osx/linux: http://www.charlesproxy.com/ + + We won't cover any of these tools here today. But you can check them out + when you have the time. + + +Step 1: Basic HTTP Protocol +--------------------------- + +In HTTP 1.0, the only required line in an HTTP request is this: + +.. code-block:: http + + GET /path/to/index.html HTTP/1.0<CRLF> + <CRLF> + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + As virtual hosting grew more common, that was not enough, so HTTP 1.1 adds + a single required *header*, **Host**: + + .. code-block:: http + + GET /path/to/index.html HTTP/1.1<CRLF> + Host: www.mysite1.com:80<CRLF> + <CRLF> + + +.. nextslide:: HTTP Responses + +In both HTTP 1.0 and 1.1, a proper response consists of an intial line, +followed by optional headers, a single blank line, and then optionally a +response body: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: http + + HTTP/1.1 200 OK<CRLF> + Content-Type: text/plain<CRLF> + <CRLF> + this is a pretty minimal response + + Let's update our server to return such a response. + +.. nextslide:: Returning a Canned HTTP Response + +Begin by implementing a new function in your ``http_server.py`` script called +`response_ok`. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It can be super-simple for now. We'll improve it later. + + .. container:: + + It needs to return our minimal response from above: + + .. code-block:: http + + HTTP/1.1 200 OK<CRLF> + Content-Type: text/plain<CRLF> + <CRLF> + this is a pretty minimal response + + **Remember, <CRLF> is a placeholder for the** ``\r\n`` **character sequence** + + +.. nextslide:: My Solution + +.. code-block:: python + + def response_ok(): + """returns a basic HTTP response""" + resp = [] + resp.append(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK") + resp.append(b"Content-Type: text/plain") + resp.append(b"") + resp.append(b"this is a pretty minimal response") + return b"\r\n".join(resp) + +Did you remember that sockets only accept bytes? + + +.. nextslide:: Run The Tests + +We've now implemented a function that is tested by our tests. Let's run them +again: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ python tests.py + [...] + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + Ran 10 tests in 0.002s + + FAILED (failures=3, errors=3) + + Great! We've now got 4 tests that pass. Good work. + +.. nextslide:: Server Modifications + +Next, we need to rebuild the server loop from our echo server for it's new +purpose: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It should now wait for an incoming request to be *finished*, *then* send a + response back to the client. + + The response it sends can be the result of calling our new ``response_ok`` + function for now. + + We could also bump up the ``recv`` buffer size to something more reasonable + for HTTP traffic, say 1024. + +.. nextslide:: My Solution + +.. code-block:: python + + # ... + try: + while True: + print('waiting for a connection', file=log_buffer) + conn, addr = sock.accept() # blocking + try: + print('connection - {0}:{1}'.format(*addr), file=log_buffer) + while True: + data = conn.recv(1024) + if len(data) < 1024: + break + print('sending response', file=log_buffer) + response = response_ok() + conn.sendall(response) + finally: + conn.close() + # ... + + +.. nextslide:: Run The Tests + +Once you've got that set, restart your server:: + + $ python http_server.py + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Then you can re-run your tests: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ python tests.py + [...] + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + Ran 10 tests in 0.003s + + FAILED (failures=2, errors=3) + + Five tests now pass! + +Step 2: Handling HTTP Methods +----------------------------- + +Every HTTP request **must** begin with a single line, broken by whitespace into +three parts: + +.. code-block:: http + + GET /path/to/index.html HTTP/1.1 + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The three parts are the *method*, the *URI*, and the *protocol* + + Let's look at each in turn. + + +.. nextslide:: HTTP Methods + +**GET** ``/path/to/index.html HTTP/1.1`` + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Every HTTP request must start with a *method* +* There are four main HTTP methods: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * GET + * POST + * PUT + * DELETE + +* There are others, notably HEAD, but you won't see them too much + + +.. nextslide:: HTTP Methods + +These four methods are mapped to the four basic steps (*CRUD*) of persistent +storage: + +.. rst-class:: build + +* POST = Create +* GET = Read +* PUT = Update +* DELETE = Delete + + +.. nextslide:: Methods: Safe <--> Unsafe + +HTTP methods can be categorized as **safe** or **unsafe**, based on whether +they might change something on the server: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Safe HTTP Methods + + * GET + + * Unsafe HTTP Methods + + * POST + * PUT + * DELETE + + This is a *normative* distinction, which is to say **be careful** + + +.. nextslide:: Methods: Idempotent <--> ??? + +HTTP methods can be categorized as **idempotent**. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This means that a given request will always have the same result: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Idempotent HTTP Methods + + * GET + * PUT + * DELETE + + * Non-Idempotent HTTP Methods + + * POST + + Again, *normative*. The developer is responsible for ensuring that it is true. + + +.. nextslide:: HTTP Method Handling + +Let's keep things simple, our server will only respond to *GET* requests. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We need to create a function that parses a request and determines if we can + respond to it: ``parse_request``. + + If the request method is not *GET*, our method should raise an error + + Remember, although a request is more than one line long, all we care about + here is the first line + + +.. nextslide:: My Solution + +.. code-block:: python + + def parse_request(request): + first_line = request.split("\r\n", 1)[0] + method, uri, protocol = first_line.split() + if method != "GET": + raise NotImplementedError("We only accept GET") + print('request is okay', file=sys.stderr) + + +.. nextslide:: Update the Server + +We'll also need to update the server code. It should + +.. rst-class:: build + +* save the request as it comes in +* check the request using our new function +* send an OK response if things go well + + +.. nextslide:: My Solution + +.. code-block:: python + + # ... + conn, addr = sock.accept() # blocking + try: + print('connection - {0}:{1}'.format(*addr), file=log_buffer) + request = "" + while True: + data = conn.recv(1024) + request += data.decode('utf8') + if len(data) < 1024 or not data: + break + + parse_request(request) + print('sending response', file=log_buffer) + response = response_ok() + conn.sendall(response) + finally: + conn.close() + # ... + + +.. nextslide:: Run The Tests + +Quit and restart your server now that you've updated the code:: + + $ python http_server.py + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + At this point, we should have seven tests passing: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ python tests.py + Ran 10 tests in 0.002s + + FAILED (failures=1, errors=2) + + +.. nextslide:: What About a Browser? + +The server quit during the tests, but an HTTP request from the browser should +work fine now. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Restart the server and reload your browser. You should see your OK + response. + + We can use the ``simple_client.py`` script in our resources to test our + error condition. In a second terminal window run the script like so:: + + $ python simple_client.py "POST / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n" + + This should cause the server to crash. + + +Step 3: Error Responses +----------------------- + +Okay, so the outcome there was pretty ugly. The client went off the rails, and +our server has terminated as well. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **why?** + + The HTTP protocol allows us to handle errors like this more gracefully. + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **Enter the Response Code** + + +.. nextslide:: HTTP Response Codes + +``HTTP/1.1`` **200 OK** + +All HTTP responses must include a **response code** indicating the outcome of +the request. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * 1xx (HTTP 1.1 only) - Informational message + * 2xx - Success of some kind + * 3xx - Redirection of some kind + * 4xx - Client Error of some kind + * 5xx - Server Error of some kind + + The text bit makes the code more human-readable + + +.. nextslide:: Common Response Codes + +There are certain HTTP response codes you are likely to see (and use) most +often: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * ``200 OK`` - Everything is good + * ``301 Moved Permanently`` - You should update your link + * ``304 Not Modified`` - You should load this from cache + * ``404 Not Found`` - You've asked for something that doesn't exist + * ``500 Internal Server Error`` - Something bad happened + + Do not be afraid to use other, less common codes in building good apps. + There are a lot of them for a reason. + + See http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html + + +.. nextslide:: Handling our Error + +Luckily, there's an error code that is tailor-made for this situation. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The client has made a request using a method we do not support + + ``405 Method Not Allowed`` + + Let's add a new function that returns this error code. It should be called + ``response_method_not_allowed`` + + Remember, it must be a complete HTTP Response with the correct *code* + + +.. nextslide:: My Solution + +.. code-block:: python + + def response_method_not_allowed(): + """returns a 405 Method Not Allowed response""" + resp = [] + resp.append(b"HTTP/1.1 405 Method Not Allowed") + resp.append(b"") + return b"\r\n".join(resp) + + +.. nextslide:: Server Updates + +Again, we'll need to update the server to handle this error condition +correctly. It should + +.. rst-class:: build + +* catch the exception raised by the ``parse_request`` function +* create our new error response as a result +* if no exception is raised, then create the OK response +* return the generated response to the user + +.. nextslide:: My Solution + +.. code-block:: python + + # ... + while True: + data = conn.recv(1024) + request += data.decode('utf8') + if len(data) < 1024: + break + + try: + parse_request(request) + except NotImplementedError: + response = response_method_not_allowed() + else: + response = response_ok() + + print('sending response', file=log_buffer) + conn.sendall(response) + # ... + + +.. nextslide:: Run The Tests + +Start your server (or restart it if by some miracle it's still going). + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Then run the tests again:: + + $ python tests.py + [...] + Ran 10 tests in 0.002s + + OK + + Wahoo! All our tests are passing. That means we are done writing code for + now. + + +Step 4: Serving Resources +------------------------- + +We've got a very simple server that accepts a request and sends a response. +But what happens if we make a different request? + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. container:: + + In your web browser, enter the following URL:: + + http://localhost:10000/page + + .. container:: + + What happened? What happens if you use this URL:: + + http://localhost:10000/section/page? + + +.. nextslide:: Determining a Resource + +We expect different urls to result in different responses. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Each separate *path* provided should map to a *resource* + + But this isn't happening with our server, for obvious reasons. + + It brings us back to the second element of that first line of an HTTP + request. + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **The Return of the URI** + + +.. nextslide:: HTTP Requests: URI + +``GET`` **/path/to/index.html** ``HTTP/1.1`` + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Every HTTP request must include a **URI** used to determine the **resource** to + be returned + +* URI?? + http://stackoverflow.com/questions/176264/whats-the-difference-between-a-uri-and-a-url/1984225#1984225 + +* Resource? Files (html, img, .js, .css), but also: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Dynamic scripts + * Raw data + * API endpoints + +.. nextslide:: Parsing a Request + +Our ``parse_request`` method actually already finds the ``uri`` in the first +line of a request + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + All we need to do is update the method so that it *returns* that uri + + Then we can use it. + +.. nextslide:: My Solution + +.. code-block:: python + + def parse_request(request): + first_line = request.split("\r\n", 1)[0] + method, uri, protocol = first_line.split() + if method != "GET": + raise NotImplementedError("We only accept GET") + print >>sys.stderr, 'request is okay' + # add the following line: + return uri + +.. nextslide:: Pass It Along + +Now we can update our server code so that it uses the return value of +``parse_request``. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + That's a pretty simple change: + + .. code-block:: python + + try: + uri = parse_request(request) # update this line + except NotImplementedError: + response = response_method_not_allowed() + else: + # and modify this block + try: + content, mime_type = resolve_uri(url) + except NameError: + response = response_not_found() + else: + response = response_ok(content, mime_type) + +Homework +======== + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + You may have noticed that we just added calls to functions that don't yet + exist + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + It's a program that shows you what you want to do, but won't actually + run. + + For your homework this week you will create these functions, completing + the HTTP server. + + Your starting point will be what we've made here in class. + + I've added a directory to ``resources/session02`` called ``homework``. + + In it, you'll find this ``http_server.py`` file we've just written in + class. + + That file also contains enough stub code for the missing functions to + let the server run. + + And there are more tests for you to make pass! + +One Step At A Time +------------------ + +Take the following steps one at a time. Run the tests in +``assignments/session02/homework`` between to ensure that you are getting it +right. + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Complete the stub ``resolve_uri`` function so that it handles looking up + resources on disk using the URI returned by ``parse_request``. + +* Make sure that if the URI does not map to a file that exists, it raises an + appropriate error for our server to handle. + +* Complete the ``response_not_found`` function stub so that it returns a 404 + response. + +* Update ``response_ok`` so that it uses the values returned by ``resolve_uri`` + by the URI. (these have already been added to the function signature) + +* You'll plug those values into the response you generate in the way required + by the protocol + + +HTTP Headers +------------ + +Along the way, you'll discover that simply returning the content of a file as +an HTTP response body is insufficient. Different *types* of content need to +be identified to your browser + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We can fix this by passing information about exactly what we are returning + as part of the response. + + HTTP provides for this type of thing with the generic idea of *Headers* + + +HTTP Headers +------------ + +Both requests and responses can contain **headers** of the form ``Name: Value`` + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * HTTP 1.0 has 16 valid headers, 1.1 has 46 + * Any number of spaces or tabs may separate the *name* from the *value* + * If a header line starts with spaces or tabs, it is considered part of the + value for the previous header + * Header *names* are **not** case-sensitive, but *values* may be + + read more about HTTP headers: http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/http.html + + +Content-Type Header +------------------- + +A very common header used in HTTP responses is ``Content-Type``. It tells the +client what to expect. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * uses **mime-type** (Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions) + * foo.jpeg - ``Content-Type: image/jpeg`` + * foo.png - ``Content-Type: image/png`` + * bar.txt - ``Content-Type: text/plain`` + * baz.html - ``Content-Type: text/html`` + + There are *many* mime-type identifiers: + http://www.freeformatter.com/mime-types-list.html + + +Mapping Mime-types +------------------ + +By mapping a given file to a mime-type, we can write a header. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The standard lib module ``mimetypes`` does just this. + + We can guess the mime-type of a file based on the filename or map a file + extension to a type: + + .. code-block:: pycon + + >>> import mimetypes + >>> mimetypes.guess_type('file.txt') + ('text/plain', None) + >>> mimetypes.types_map['.txt'] + 'text/plain' + + +Resolving a URI +--------------- + +Your ``resolve_uri`` function will need to accomplish the following tasks: + +.. rst-class:: build + +* It should take a URI as the sole argument + +* It should map the pathname represented by the URI to a filesystem location. + +* It should have a 'home directory', and look only in that location. + +* If the URI is a directory, it should return a plain-text listing of the + directory contents and the mimetype ``text/plain``. + +* If the URI is a file, it should return the contents of that file and its + correct mimetype. + +* If the URI does not map to a real location, it should raise an exception + that the server can catch to return a 404 response. + + +Use Your Tests +-------------- + +One of the benefits of test-driven development is that the tests that are +failing should tell you what code you need to write. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + As you work your way through the steps outlined above, look at your tests. + Write code that makes them pass. + + If all the tests in ``assignments/session02/tests.py`` are passing, you've + completed the assignment. + + +Submitting Your Homework +------------------------ + +To submit your homework: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Do your work in the ``assignments/session02`` directory of **your fork** of + the class respository + + * When you have all tests passing, push your work to **your fork** in github. + + * Using the github web interface, send me a pull request. + + I will review your work when I receive your pull requests, make comments on + it there, and then close the pull request. + + +A Few Steps Further +------------------- + +If you are able to finish the above in less than 4-6 hours, consider taking on +one or more of the following challenges: + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Format directory listings as HTML, so you can link to files. +* Add a GMT ``Date:`` header in the proper format (RFC-1123) to responses. + *hint: see email.utils.formatdate in the python standard library* +* Add a ``Content-Length:`` header for ``OK`` responses that provides a + correct value. +* Protect your server against errors by providing, and using, a function that + returns a ``500 Internal Server Error`` response. +* Instead of returning the python script in ``webroot`` as plain text, execute + the file and return the results as HTML. diff --git a/source/presentations/session03.rst b/source/presentations/session03.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6a2cdbb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/presentations/session03.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1400 @@ +.. |br| raw:: html + + <br /> + +********** +Session 03 +********** + +.. figure:: /_static/gateway.jpg + :align: center + :width: 50% + + The Wandering Angel http://www.flickr.com/photos/wandering_angel/1467802750/ - CC-BY + +CGI, WSGI and Living Online +=========================== + +Wherein we discover the gateways to dynamic processes on a server. + + +But First +--------- + +.. rst-class:: large centered + +Homework Review and Questions + + +Previously +---------- + +.. rst-class:: build + +* You've learned about passing messages back and forth with sockets +* You've created a simple HTTP server using sockets +* You may even have made your server *dynamic* by returning the output of a + python script. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + What if you want to pass information to that script? + + How can you give the script access to information about the HTTP request + itself? + + +Stepping Away: The Environment +------------------------------ + +A computer has an *environment*: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + in \*nix, you can see this in a shell: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ printenv + TERM_PROGRAM=iTerm.app + ... + + or in Windows at the command prompt: + + .. code-block:: posh + + C:\> set + ALLUSERSPROFILE=C:\ProgramData + ... + + or in PowerShell: + + .. code-block:: posh + + PS C:\> Get-ChildItem Env: + ALLUSERSPROFILE C:\ProgramData + ... + + + +.. nextslide:: Setting The Environment + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + In a ``bash`` shell we can do this: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ export VARIABLE='some value' + $ echo $VARIABLE + some value + + or at a Windows command prompt: + + .. code-block:: posh + + C:\Users\Administrator\> set VARIABLE='some value' + C:\Users\Administrator\> echo %VARIABLE% + 'some value' + + or in PowerShell: + + .. code-block:: posh + + PS C:\> $env:VARIABLE = "some value" + PS C:\> Get-ChildItem Env:VARIABLE + 'some value' + + +.. nextslide:: Viewing the Results + +These new values are now part of the *environment* + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + \*nix: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ printenv + ... + VARIABLE=some value + + Windows: + + .. code-block:: posh + + C:\> set + ... + VARIABLE='some value' + + PowerShell: + + .. code-block:: posh + + PS C:\> Get-ChildItem Env: + ... + VARIABLE 'some value' + +.. nextslide:: Environment in Python + +We can see this *environment* in Python, too:: + + $ python + +.. code-block:: pycon + + >>> import os + >>> print(os.environ['VARIABLE']) + some_value + >>> print(os.environ.keys()) + ['VERSIONER_PYTHON_PREFER_32_BIT', 'VARIABLE', + 'LOGNAME', 'USER', 'PATH', ...] + + +.. nextslide:: Altering the Environment + +You can alter os environment values while in Python: + +.. code-block:: pycon + + >>> os.environ['VARIABLE'] = 'new_value' + >>> print(os.environ['VARIABLE']) + new_value + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + But that doesn't change the original value, *outside* Python: + + .. code-block:: bash + + >>> ^D + + $ echo this is the value: $VARIABLE + this is the value: some_value + <OR> + C:\> \Users\Administrator\> echo %VARIABLE% + 'some value' + +.. nextslide:: Lessons Learned + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Subprocesses inherit their environment from their Parent + * Parents do not see changes to environment in subprocesses + * In Python, you can actually set the environment for a subprocess explicitly + + .. code-block:: python + + subprocess.Popen(args, bufsize=0, executable=None, + stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, + preexec_fn=None, close_fds=False, + shell=False, cwd=None, env=None, # <------- + universal_newlines=False, startupinfo=None, + creationflags=0) + + +CGI - The Web Environment +========================= + +.. rst-class:: large centered + +CGI is little more than a set of standard environmental variables + + +What is CGI +----------- + +First discussed in 1993, formalized in 1997, the current version (1.1) has +been in place since 2004. + +From the preamble:: + + This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not + specify an Internet standard of any kind. + + -- RFC 3875 - CGI Version 1.1: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3875 + + +.. nextslide:: Meta-Variables + +:: + + 4. The CGI Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 + 4.1. Request Meta-Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 + 4.1.1. AUTH_TYPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 + 4.1.2. CONTENT_LENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 + 4.1.3. CONTENT_TYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 + 4.1.4. GATEWAY_INTERFACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 + 4.1.5. PATH_INFO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 + 4.1.6. PATH_TRANSLATED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 + 4.1.7. QUERY_STRING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 + 4.1.8. REMOTE_ADDR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 + 4.1.9. REMOTE_HOST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 + 4.1.10. REMOTE_IDENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 + 4.1.11. REMOTE_USER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 + 4.1.12. REQUEST_METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 + 4.1.13. SCRIPT_NAME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 + 4.1.14. SERVER_NAME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 + 4.1.15. SERVER_PORT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 + 4.1.16. SERVER_PROTOCOL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 + 4.1.17. SERVER_SOFTWARE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 + + +Running CGI +----------- + +You have a couple of options: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Python Standard Library CGIHTTPServer + * Apache + * IIS (on Windows) + * Some other HTTP server that implements CGI (lighttpd, ...?) + + Let's keep it simple by using the Python module + + +.. nextslide:: Preparations + +In the class resources for this session, you'll find a directory named ``cgi``. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Make a copy of that folder in your class working directory. + + Windows Users, you may have to edit the first line of + ``cgi/cgi-bin/cgi_1.py`` to point to your python executable. + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Open *two* terminal windows in this ``cgi`` directory + * In the first terminal, run ``python -m http.server --cgi`` + * Open a web browser and load ``http://localhost:8000/`` + * Click on *CGI Test 1* + + +.. nextslide:: Did that work? + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Your browser might show a 404 or 403 error +* If you see something like that, check the permissions for ``cgi-bin`` *and* + ``cgi_1.py`` +* The file must be executable, the ``cgi-bin`` directory needs to be readable + *and* executable. + + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Remember that you can use the bash ``chmod`` command to change permissions + in \*nix: ``chmod a+x cgi-bin/cgi_1.py`` + + Windows users, use the 'properties' context menu to get to permissions, + just grant 'full' + + +.. nextslide:: Break It + +Problems with permissions can lead to failure. So can scripting errors + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Open ``cgi/cgi-bin/cgi_1.py`` in an editor + * Before where it says ``cgi.test()``, add a single line: + + .. code-block:: python + + 1 / 0 + + Reload your browser, what happens now? + + +.. nextslide:: Errors in CGI + +CGI is famously difficult to debug. There are reasons for this: + +.. rst-class:: build + +* CGI is designed to provide access to runnable processes to *the internet* +* The internet is a wretched hive of scum and villainy +* Revealing error conditions can expose data that could be exploited + + +.. nextslide:: Viewing Errors in Python CGI + +Back in your editor, add the following lines, just below ``import cgi``: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: python + + import cgitb + cgitb.enable() + + Now, reload again. + +.. nextslide:: cgitb Output + +.. figure:: /_static/cgitb_output.png + :align: center + :width: 100% + + +.. nextslide:: Repair the Error + +Let's fix the error from our traceback. Edit your ``cgi_1.py`` file to match: + +.. code-block:: python + + #!/usr/bin/env python + import cgi + import cgitb + + cgitb.enable() + + cgi.test() + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Notice the first line of that script: ``#!/usr/bin/env python``. + + This is called a *shebang* (short for hash-bang) + + It tells the system what executable program to use when running the script. + + +CGI Process Execution +--------------------- + +Servers like ``http.server --cgi`` run CGI scripts as a system user called +``nobody``. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This is just like you calling:: + + $ ./cgi_bin/cgi_1.py + + In fact try that now in your second terminal (use the real path), what do + you get? + + Windows folks, you may need ``C:\>python cgi-bin/cgi_1.py`` + + Notice what is missing? + + +.. nextslide:: + +There are a couple of important facts about CGI that derive from this: + +.. rst-class:: build + +* The script **must** include a *shebang* so that the system knows how to run + it. +* The script **must** be executable. +* The *executable* named in the *shebang* will be called as the *nobody* user. +* This is a security feature to prevent CGI scripts from running as a user + with any privileges. +* This means that the *executable* from the script *shebang* must be one that + *anyone* can run. + + +.. nextslide:: The CGI Environment + +CGI is largely a set of agreed-upon environmental variables. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We've seen how environmental variables are found in python in + ``os.environ`` + + We've also seen that at least some of the variables in CGI are **not** part + of the system environment. + + Where do they come from? + + +.. nextslide:: CGI Servers + +Let's find 'em. In a terminal fire up python: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [1]: from http import server + In [2]: server.__file__ + Out[2]: '/Users/cewing/pythons/parts/opt/lib/python3.5/http/server.py' + In [3]: !subl '/Users/cewing/pythons/parts/opt/lib/python3.5/http/server.py' + + If you don't have the ``subl`` command, or another one that starts your + editor, copy this path and open it in your text editor. + + +.. nextslide:: Environmental Set Up + +From ``http/server.py``, in the ``CGIHTTPRequestHandler`` class, in the +``run_cgi`` method: + +.. rst-class:: tiny +.. code-block:: python + + env = copy.deepcopy(os.environ) + env['SERVER_SOFTWARE'] = self.version_string() + env['SERVER_NAME'] = self.server.server_name + env['GATEWAY_INTERFACE'] = 'CGI/1.1' + ... + if self.have_fork: + # Unix -- fork as we should + ... + pid = os.fork() + ... + try: + ... + os.execve(scriptfile, args, env) + ... + else: + # Non-Unix -- use subprocess + import subprocess + ... + p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, + ... + env = env + ) + ... + + +.. nextslide:: CGI Scripts + +And that's it, the big secret. The server takes care of setting up the +environment so it has what is needed. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Now, in reverse. How does the information that a script creates end up in + your browser? + + A CGI Script must print its results to stdout. + + Use the same method as above to import and open the source file for the + ``cgi`` module. Note what ``test`` does for an example of this. + + .. rst-class:: tiny + .. code-block:: python + + def test(environ=os.environ): + ... + print("Content-type: text/html") + print() + try: + form = FieldStorage() # Replace with other classes to test those + print_directory() + print_arguments() + print_form(form) + ... + except: + print_exception() + + +.. nextslide:: Recap + +What the Server Does: + +.. rst-class:: build + +* parses the request +* sets up the environment, including HTTP and SERVER variables +* sends a ``HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n`` first line to the client +* figures out if the URI points to a CGI script and runs it +* appends what comes from the script on stdout and sends that back + +What the Script Does: + +.. rst-class:: build + +* names appropriate *executable* in the *shebang* line +* uses os.environ to read information from the HTTP request +* builds *any and all* extra **HTTP Headers** |br| + (Content-type:, Content-length:, ...) +* prints the headers, empty line and script output (body) to stdout + + +In-Class Exercise I +------------------- + +You've seen the output from the ``cgi.test()`` method from the ``cgi`` module. +Let's make our own version of this. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * In the directory ``cgi-bin`` you will find the file ``cgi_2.py``. + * Open that file in your editor. + * The script contains some html with text containing placeholders. + * You should use Python and the CGI environment to fill the the blanks. + * You can view the results of your work by loading + ``http://localhost:8000/`` and clicking on *Exercise One* + + **GO** + + +Getting Data from Users +----------------------- + +All this is well and good, but where's the *dynamic* stuff? + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It'd be nice if a user could pass form data to our script for it to use. + + In HTTP, data is often passed to the server as a part of a URL called the + *query string* + + The URL query string is formatted as ``name=value`` pairs, separated by the + ampersand (``&``) character + + The entire query string is separated from other parts of the URL by a + question mark:: + + http://localhost:8000/cgi_bin/somescript.py?a=23&b=46&b=92 + + +.. nextslide:: The Query String in CGI + +In the ``cgi`` module, we get access to the query string with the +``FieldStorage`` class: + +.. code-block:: python + + import cgi + + form = cgi.FieldStorage() + stringval = form.getvalue('a', None) + listval = form.getlist('b') + +.. rst-class:: build + +* The values in the ``FieldStorage`` are *always* strings +* ``getvalue`` allows you to return a default, in case the field isn't present +* ``getlist`` always returns a list: empty, one-valued, or as many values as + are present + + +In-Class Exercise II +-------------------- + +Let's create a dynamic adding machine. + +.. rst-class:: build + +* In the ``cgi-bin`` directory you'll find ``cgi_sums.py``. +* In the ``index.html`` file in the ``cgi`` directory, the third link leads to + this file. +* You will use the structure of that link, and what you learned just now about + ``cgi.FieldStorage``. +* Complete the cgi script in ``cgi_sums.py`` so that the result of adding all + operands sent via the url query is returned. +* Return the results as plain text, with the appropriate ``Content-Type`` + header. + + +.. nextslide:: My Solution + +.. rst-class:: build + +.. code-block:: python + + form = cgi.FieldStorage() + operands = form.getlist('operand') + msg = "your total is {total}" + try: + total = sum(map(int, operands)) + msg = msg.format(total=total) + except (ValueError, TypeError): + msg = "Unable to calculate a sum, please provide integer operands" + + print("Content-Type: text/plain") + print("Content-Length: %s" % len(msg)) + print() + print(msg) + + +.. nextslide:: Break Time + +.. rst-class:: centered + +Let's take a break here, before continuing + + +WSGI +==== + +.. rst-class:: center large + +The Web Server Gateway Interface + +CGI Problems +------------ + +CGI is great, but there are problems: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Code is executed *in a new process* + * **Every** call to a CGI script starts a new process on the server + * Starting a new process is expensive in terms of server resources + * *Especially for interpreted languages like Python* + + How do we overcome this problem? + +.. nextslide:: Alternatives to CGI + +The most popular approach is to have a long-running process *inside* the +server that handles CGI scripts. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + FastCGI and SCGI are existing implementations of CGI in this fashion. + + The PHP scripting language works in much the same way. + + The Apache module **mod_python** offers a similar capability for Python + code. + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Each of these options has a specific API + * None are compatible with each-other + * Code written for one is **not portable** to another + + This makes it much more difficult to *share resources* + + +A Solution +---------- + +Enter WSGI, the Web Server Gateway Interface. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Other alternatives are specific implementations of the CGI standard. + + WSGI is itself a new standard, not an implementation. + + WSGI is generalized to describe a set of interactions. + + Developers can write WSGI-capable apps and deploy them on any WSGI server. + + Read the original WSGI spec: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0333 + + There is also an update for Python 3: |br| https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3333 + + +Apps and Servers +---------------- + +WSGI consists of two parts, a *server* and an *application*. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. container:: + + A WSGI Server must: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * set up an environment, much like the one in CGI + * provide a method ``start_response(status, headers, exc_info=None)`` + * build a response body by calling an *application*, passing + ``environment`` and ``start_response`` as args + * return a response with the status, headers and body + + .. container:: + + A WSGI Appliction must: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Be a callable (function, method, class) + * Take an environment and a ``start_response`` callable as arguments + * Call the ``start_response`` method. + * Return an *iterable* of 0 or more strings, which are treated as the + body of the response. + + +.. nextslide:: Simplified WSGI Server + +.. code-block:: python + + from some_application import simple_app + + def build_env(request): + # put together some environment info from the reqeuest + return env + + def handle_request(request, app): + environ = build_env(request) + iterable = app(environ, start_response) + for data in iterable: + # send data to client here + + def start_response(status, headers): + # start an HTTP response, sending status and headers + + # listen for HTTP requests and pass on to handle_request() + serve(simple_app) + + +.. nextslide:: Simple WSGI Application + +Where the simplified server above is **not** functional, this *is* a complete +app: + +.. code-block:: python + + def application(environ, start_response) + status = "200 OK" + body = "Hello World\n" + response_headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain'), + ('Content-length', len(body))] + start_response(status, response_headers) + return [body] + + +.. nextslide:: WSGI Middleware + +A third part of the puzzle is something called WSGI *middleware* + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Middleware implements both the *server* and *application* interfaces + * Middleware acts as a server when viewed from an application + * Middleware acts as an application when viewed from a server + + .. figure:: /_static/wsgi_middleware_onion.png + :align: center + :width: 38% + + +.. nextslide:: WSGI Data Flow + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. container:: + + WSGI Servers: + + .. rst-class:: large centered + + **HTTP <---> WSGI** + + .. container:: + + WSGI Applications: + + .. rst-class:: large centered + + **WSGI <---> app code** + + +.. nextslide:: The WSGI Stack + +The WSGI *Stack* can thus be expressed like so: + +.. rst-class:: build large centered + +**HTTP <---> WSGI <---> app code** + + +.. nextslide:: Using wsgiref + +The Python standard lib provides a reference implementation of WSGI: + +.. figure:: /_static/wsgiref_flow.png + :align: center + :width: 80% + + +.. nextslide:: Apache mod_wsgi + +You can also deploy with Apache as your HTTP server, using **mod_wsgi**: + +.. figure:: /_static/mod_wsgi_flow.png + :align: center + :width: 80% + + +.. nextslide:: Proxied WSGI Servers + +Finally, it is also common to see WSGI apps deployed via a proxied WSGI +server: + +.. figure:: /_static/proxy_wsgi.png + :align: center + :width: 80% + + +The WSGI Environment +-------------------- + +REQUEST_METHOD: + The HTTP request method, such as "GET" or "POST". This cannot ever be an + empty string, and so is always required. +SCRIPT_NAME: + The initial portion of the request URL's "path" that corresponds to the + application object, so that the application knows its virtual "location". + This may be an empty string, if the application corresponds to the "root" of + the server. +PATH_INFO: + The remainder of the request URL's "path", designating the virtual + "location" of the request's target within the application. This may be an + empty string, if the request URL targets the application root and does not + have a trailing slash. +QUERY_STRING: + The portion of the request URL that follows the "?", if any. May be empty or + absent. +CONTENT_TYPE: + The contents of any Content-Type fields in the HTTP request. May be empty or + absent. + + +.. nextslide:: The WSGI Environment + +CONTENT_LENGTH: + The contents of any Content-Length fields in the HTTP request. May be empty + or absent. +SERVER_NAME, SERVER_PORT: + When combined with SCRIPT_NAME and PATH_INFO, these variables can be used to + complete the URL. Note, however, that HTTP_HOST, if present, should be used + in preference to SERVER_NAME for reconstructing the request URL. See the URL + Reconstruction section below for more detail. SERVER_NAME and SERVER_PORT + can never be empty strings, and so are always required. +SERVER_PROTOCOL: + The version of the protocol the client used to send the request. Typically + this will be something like "HTTP/1.0" or "HTTP/1.1" and may be used by the + application to determine how to treat any HTTP request headers. (This + variable should probably be called REQUEST_PROTOCOL, since it denotes the + protocol used in the request, and is not necessarily the protocol that will + be used in the server's response. However, for compatibility with CGI we + have to keep the existing name.) + + +.. nextslide:: The WSGI Environment + +HTTP\_ Variables: + Variables corresponding to the client-supplied HTTP request headers (i.e., + variables whose names begin with "HTTP\_"). The presence or absence of these + variables should correspond with the presence or absence of the appropriate + HTTP header in the request. + +.. rst-class:: build large centered + +**Seem Familiar?** + + +In-Class Exercise III +--------------------- + +Let's start simply. We'll begin by repeating our first CGI exercise in WSGI + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Find the ``wsgi`` directory in the class resources. Copy it to your working + directory. +* Open the file ``wsgi_1.py`` in your text editor. +* We will fill in the missing values using Python and the wsgi ``environ``, + just as we use ``os.environ`` in cgi + +.. rst-class:: build centered + +**But First** + + +.. nextslide:: Orientation + +.. code-block:: python + + if __name__ == '__main__': + from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server + srv = make_server('localhost', 8080, application) + srv.serve_forever() + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Note that we pass our ``application`` function to the server factory + + We don't have to write a server, ``wsgiref`` does that for us. + + In fact, you should *never* have to write a WSGI server. + + +.. nextslide:: Orientation + +.. code-block:: python + + def application(environ, start_response): + response_body = body % ( + environ.get('SERVER_NAME', 'Unset'), # server name + ... + ) + status = '200 OK' + response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html'), + ('Content-Length', str(len(response_body)))] + start_response(status, response_headers) + return [response_body.encode('utf8')] + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We do not define ``start_response``, the application does that. + + We *are* responsible for determining the HTTP status. + + And the content we hand back *must* be ``bytes``, not unicode. + +.. nextslide:: Running a WSGI Script + +You can run this script with python:: + + $ python wsgi_1.py + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This will start a wsgi server. What host and port will it use? + + Point your browser at ``http://localhost:8080/``. Did it work? + + Go ahead and fill in the missing bits. Use the ``environ`` passed into + ``application`` + + +.. nextslide:: Some Tips + +WSGI is a long-running process. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The file you are editing is *not* reloaded after you edit it. + + You'll need to quit and re-run the script between edits. + + Notice the use of ``pprint.pprint``, check your terminal for useful output. + + +A WSGI Application +------------------ + +So now we've learned a bit about the WSGI specification and how a WSGI +application can get data that comes in via an HTTP request. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Let's create a multi-page wsgi application. + + It will serve a small database of python books. + + The database (with a very simple api) can be found in ``wsgi/bookdb.py`` + + .. rst-class:: build + + * We'll need a listing page that shows the titles of all the books + * Each title will link to a details page for that book + * The details page for each book will display all the information and have + a link back to the list + + +.. nextslide:: Some Questions to Ponder + +When viewing our first wsgi app, do we see the name of the wsgi application +script anywhere in the URL? + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + In our wsgi application script, how many applications did we actually have? + + How are we going to serve different types of information out of a single + application? + + +.. nextslide:: Dispatch + +We have to write an app that will map our incoming request path to some code +that can handle that request. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This process is called ``dispatch``. There are many possible approaches. + + Let's begin by designing this piece of our app. + + Open ``bookapp.py`` from the ``wsgi`` folder. We'll do our work here. + + +.. nextslide:: PATH + +The wsgi environment gives us access to *PATH_INFO*. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This value is the URI from the client's HTTP request. + + We can design the URLs that our app will use to assist us in routing. + + Let's declare that any request for ``/`` will map to the list page. + + .. container:: + + We can also say that the URL for a book will look like this:: + + http://localhost:8080/book/<identifier> + +Writing ``resolve_path`` +------------------------ + +Let's write a function, called ``resolve_path`` in our application file. + +.. rst-class:: build + +* It should take the *PATH_INFO* value from environ as an argument. +* It should return the function that will be called. +* It should also return any arguments needed to call that function. +* This implies of course that the arguments should be part of the PATH + + +.. nextslide:: My Solution + +.. rst-class:: build + +.. code-block:: python + + def resolve_path(path): + urls = [(r'^$', books), + (r'^book/(id[\d]+)$', book)] + matchpath = path.lstrip('/') + for regexp, func in urls: + match = re.match(regexp, matchpath) + if match is None: + continue + args = match.groups([]) + return func, args + # we get here if no url matches + raise NameError + + +.. nextslide:: Application Updates + +We need to hook our new dispatch function into the application. + +.. rst-class:: build + +* The path should be extracted from ``environ``. +* The dispatch function should be used to get a function and arguments +* The body to return should come from calling that function with those + arguments +* If an error is raised by calling the function, an appropriate response + should be returned +* If the router raises a NameError, the application should return a 404 + response + + +.. nextslide:: My Solution + +.. rst-class:: build + +.. code-block:: python + + def application(environ, start_response): + headers = [("Content-type", "text/html")] + try: + path = environ.get('PATH_INFO', None) + if path is None: + raise NameError + func, args = resolve_path(path) + body = func(*args) + status = "200 OK" + except NameError: + status = "404 Not Found" + body = "<h1>Not Found</h1>" + except Exception: + status = "500 Internal Server Error" + body = "<h1>Internal Server Error</h1>" + finally: + headers.append(('Content-length', str(len(body)))) + start_response(status, headers) + return [body.encode('utf8')] + + +Test Your Work +-------------- + +Once you've got your script settled, run it:: + + $ python bookapp.py + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Then point your browser at ``http://localhost:8080/`` + + .. rst-class:: build + + * ``http://localhost/book/id3`` + * ``http://localhost/book/id73/`` + * ``http://localhost/sponge/damp`` + + Did that all work as you would have expected? + + +Building the Book List +---------------------- + +The function ``books`` should return an html list of book titles where each +title is a link to the detail page for that book + +.. rst-class:: build + +* You'll need all the ids and titles from the book database. +* You'll need to build a list in HTML using this information +* Each list item should have the book title as a link +* The href for the link should be of the form ``/book/<id>`` + + +.. nextslide:: My Solution + +.. rst-class:: build + +.. code-block:: python + + def books(): + all_books = DB.titles() + body = ['<h1>My Bookshelf</h1>', '<ul>'] + item_template = '<li><a href="/book/{id}">{title}</a></li>' + for book in all_books: + body.append(item_template.format(**book)) + body.append('</ul>') + return '\n'.join(body) + + +Test Your Work +-------------- + +Quit and then restart your application script:: + + $ python bookapp.py + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. container:: + + Then reload the root of your application:: + + http://localhost:8080/ + + You should see a nice list of the books in the database. Do you? + + Click on a link to view the detail page. Does it load without error? + + +Showing Details +--------------- + +The next step of course is to polish up those detail pages. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * You'll need to retrieve a single book from the database + * You'll need to format the details about that book and return them as HTML + * You'll need to guard against ids that do not map to books + + In this last case, what's the right HTTP response code to send? + + +.. nextslide:: My Solution + +.. rst-class:: build + +.. code-block:: python + + def book(book_id): + page = """ + <h1>{title}</h1> + <table> + <tr><th>Author</th><td>{author}</td></tr> + <tr><th>Publisher</th><td>{publisher}</td></tr> + <tr><th>ISBN</th><td>{isbn}</td></tr> + </table> + <a href="/">Back to the list</a> + """ + book = DB.title_info(book_id) + if book is None: + raise NameError + return page.format(**book) + + +.. nextslide:: Revel in Your Success + +Quit and restart your script one more time + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Then poke around at your application and see the good you've made + + And your application is portable and sharable + + It should run equally well under any `wsgi server <http://wsgi.readthedocs.org/en/latest/servers.html>`_ + + +.. nextslide:: A Few Steps Further + +Next steps for an app like this might be: + +* Create a shared full page template and incorporate it into your app +* Improve the error handling by emitting error codes other than 404 and 500 +* Swap out the basic backend here with a different one, maybe a Web Service? +* Think about ways to make the application less tightly coupled to the pages + it serves + + +Homework +======== + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + For your homework this week, you'll be creating a wsgi application of your + own. + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + You'll create an online calculator that can perform several operations + + You'll need to support: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Addition + * Subtraction + * Multiplication + * Division + + .. container:: + + Your users should be able to send appropriate requests and get back + proper responses:: + + http://localhost:8080/multiply/3/5 => 15 + http://localhost:8080/add/23/42 => 65 + http://localhost:8080/divide/6/0 => HTTP "400 Bad Request" + + +.. nextslide:: Submitting Your Homework + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + To submit your homework: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Create a new github repository. Call it ``wsgi-calc``. + * Add a python script to it called ``calculator.py``. + * Your script should be runnable using ``$ python calculator.py`` + * When the script is running, I should be able to view your application in + my browser. + * I should be able to see a home page that explains how to perform + calculations. + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + Your repository should include a README.md file. + + Include all instructions I need to successfully run and view your + script. + + When you are done, send Maria and I an email with a link to your + repository. + +One Last Task +------------- + +Next week we will be installing Python packages that are not part of the +standard library. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This is a common occurence in web development. But it can be hazardous. + + In order to practice safe development I am going to ask you to read and + follow through a `brief tutorial`_ I've created on the subject. + + If you have any trouble, or if things do not work the way they are supposed + to, please reach out. We will need this to be working next week. + +.. _brief tutorial: ../../html/presentations/venv_intro.html + +Wrap-Up +------- + +For educational purposes, you might wish to take a look at the source code for +the ``wsgiref`` module. It's the canonical example of a simple wsgi server + + >>> import wsgiref + >>> wsgiref.__file__ + '/full/path/to/your/copy/of/wsgiref.py' + ... + +.. rst-class:: build centered + +**See you Next Time** diff --git a/source/presentations/session04.rst b/source/presentations/session04.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eed0bf73 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/presentations/session04.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1889 @@ +********** +Session 04 +********** + +.. figure:: /_static/granny_mashup.png + :align: center + :width: 70% + + Paul Downey http://www.flickr.com/photos/psd/492139935/ - CC-BY + +Scraping, APIs and Mashups +========================== + +Wherein we learn how to make order from the chaos of the wild internet. + + +A Dilemma +--------- + +The internet makes a vast quantity of data available. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + But not always in the form or combination you want. + + It would be nice to be able to combine data from different sources to + create *meaning*. + + +The Big Question +---------------- + +.. rst-class:: large centered + +But How? + + +The Big Answer +-------------- + +.. rst-class:: large centered + +Mashups + + +Mashups +------- + +A mashup is:: + + a web page, or web application, that uses and combines data, presentation + or functionality from two or more sources to create new services. + + -- wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_(web_application_hybrid)) + + +Data Sources +------------ + +The key to mashups is the idea of data sources. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + These come in many flavors: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Simple websites with data in HTML + * Web services providing structured data + * Web services providing tranformative service (geocoding) + * Web services providing presentation (mapping) + +Web Scraping +============ + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + It would be nice if all online data were available in well-structured formats. + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + The reality is that much data is available only in HTML. + + Still we can get at it, with some effort. + + By scraping the data from the web pages. + + +HTML +---- + +.. ifnotslides:: + + Ideally, it looks like this: + +.. code-block:: html + + <!DOCTYPE html> + <html> + <head> + </head> + <body> + <p>A nice clean paragraph</p> + <p>And another nice clean paragraph</p> + </body> + </html> + + +.. nextslide:: HTML... IRL + +.. ifnotslides:: + + But in real life, it's more often like this: + +.. code-block:: html + + <html> + <form> + <table> + <td><input name="input1">Row 1 cell 1 + <tr><td>Row 2 cell 1 + </form> + <td>Row 2 cell 2<br>This</br> sure is a long cell + </body> + </html> + + +.. nextslide:: FFFFFFFFFUUUUUUUUUUUUU!!!! + +.. figure:: /_static/scream.jpg + :align: center + :width: 32% + + Photo by Matthew via Flickr (http://www.flickr.com/photos/purplemattfish/3918004964/) - CC-BY-NC-ND + + +.. nextslide:: The Law of The Internet + +.. rst-class:: large centered + +"Be strict in what you send and tolerant in what you receive" + + +Taming the Mess +--------------- + +Luckily, there are tools to help with this. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + In python there are several candidates, but I like ``BeautifulSoup``. + + BeautifulSoup is a great tool, but it's not in the Standard Library. + + We'll need to install it. + + Create a virtualenv to do so: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ pyvenv soupenv + ... + $ source soupenv/bin/activate + + (remember, for Windows users that should be ``soupenv/Scripts/activate.bat``) + + +.. nextslide:: Install BeautifulSoup + +Once the virtualenv is activated, you can simply use pip or easy_install to +install the libraries you want: + +.. code-block:: bash + + (soupenv)$ pip install beautifulsoup4 + + +.. nextslide:: Choose a Parsing Engine + +BeautifulSoup is built to use the Python HTMLParser. + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Batteries Included. It's already there +* It's not great, especially before Python 2.7.3 + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + BeautifulSoup also supports using other parsers. + + There are two good choices: ``lxml`` and ``html5lib``. + + ``lxml`` is better, but much harder to install. Let's use ``html5lib``. + + +.. nextslide:: Install a Parsing Engine + +Again, this is pretty simple:: + + (soupenv)$ pip install html5lib + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Once installed, BeautifulSoup will choose it automatically. + + BeautifulSoup will choose the "best" available. + + You can specify the parser if you need to for some reason. + + In fact, in recent versions of BeautifulSoup, you'll be warned if you don't + (though you can ignore the warning). + + +.. nextslide:: Install Requests + +Python provides tools for opening urls and communicating with servers. It's +spread across the ``urllib`` and ``urllib2`` packages. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + These packages have pretty unintuitive APIs. + + The ``requests`` library is becoming the de-facto standard for this type of + work. Let's install it too. + + .. code-block:: bash + + (soupenv)$ pip install requests + + +Our Class Mashup +---------------- + +We're going to explore some tools for making a mashup today + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We'll be starting by scraping restaurant health code data for + a given ZIP code + + Then, we'll look up the geographic location of those zipcodes using Google + + Finally, we'll display the results of our work on a map + + Start by opening a new file in your editor: ``mashup.py``. + + +.. nextslide:: Getting Some HTML + +The source for the data we'll be displaying is a search tool provided by King +County. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It's supposed to have a web service, but the service is broken. + + Luckily, the HTML search works just fine. + + Open `the search form`_ in your browser. + + Fill in a ZIP code (perhaps 98101). + + Add a start and end date (perhaps about 1 or 2 years apart). + + Submit the form, and take a look at what you get. + +.. _the search form: http://info.kingcounty.gov/health/ehs/foodsafety/inspections/search.aspx + + +.. nextslide:: Repeat, But Automate + +Next we want to automate the process. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Copy the domain and path of the url into your new ``mashup.py`` file like + so: + + .. code-block:: python + + INSPECTION_DOMAIN = "http://info.kingcounty.gov" + INSPECTION_PATH = "/health/ehs/foodsafety/inspections/Results.aspx" + +.. nextslide:: Repeat, But Automate + +Next, copy the query parameters from the URL and convert them to a dictionary: + +.. code-block:: python + + INSPECTION_PARAMS = { + 'Output': 'W', + 'Business_Name': '', + 'Business_Address': '', + 'Longitude': '', + 'Latitude': '', + 'City': '', + 'Zip_Code': '', + 'Inspection_Type': 'All', + 'Inspection_Start': '', + 'Inspection_End': '', + 'Inspection_Closed_Business': 'A', + 'Violation_Points': '', + 'Violation_Red_Points': '', + 'Violation_Descr': '', + 'Fuzzy_Search': 'N', + 'Sort': 'H' + } + + +Fetching Search Results +----------------------- + +Next we'll use the ``requests`` library to write a function to fetch these +results on demand. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + In ``requests``, each HTTP method has a module-level function: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * ``GET`` == ``requests.get(url, **kwargs)`` + * ``POST`` == ``requests.post(url, **kwargs)`` + * ... + + ``kwargs`` represent other parts of an HTTP request: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * ``params``: a dict of url parameters (?foo=bar&baz=bim) + * ``headers``: a dict of headers to send with the request + * ``data``: the body of the request, if any (form data for POST goes here) + * ... + + +.. nextslide:: Handling Requests Responses + +The return value from one of these functions is a ``response`` object which +provides: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * ``response.status_code``: see the HTTP Status Code returned + * ``response.ok``: True if ``response.status_code`` is not an error + * ``response.raise_for_status()``: call to raise a python error if it is + * ``response.headers``: The headers sent from the server + * ``response.text``: Body of the response, decoded to unicode + * ``response.encoding``: The encoding used to decode + * ``response.content``: The original encoded response body as bytes + + ``requests documentation``: http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/ + +.. nextslide:: Fetch Search Results + +We'll start by writing a function ``get_inspection_page`` + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * It will accept keyword arguments for each of the possible query values + * It will build a dictionary of request query parameters from incoming + keywords, using INSPECTION_PARAMS as a template + * It will make a request to the inspection service search page using this + query + * It will return the encoded content and the encoding used as a tuple + + Try writing this function. Put it in ``mashup.py`` + + +My Solution +----------- + +Here's the one I created: + +.. rst-class:: build + +.. code-block:: python + + import requests + + def get_inspection_page(**kwargs): + url = INSPECTION_DOMAIN + INSPECTION_PATH + params = INSPECTION_PARAMS.copy() + for key, val in kwargs.items(): + if key in INSPECTION_PARAMS: + params[key] = val + resp = requests.get(url, params=params) + resp.raise_for_status() + return resp.text + + +Parse the Results +----------------- + +Next, we'll need to parse the results we get when we call that function + +But before we start, a word about parsing HTML with BeautifulSoup + + +.. nextslide:: Parsing HTML with BeautifulSoup + +The BeautifulSoup object can be instantiated with a string or a file-like +object as the sole argument: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: python + + from bs4 import BeautifulSoup + parsed = BeautifulSoup('<h1>Some HTML</h1>') + + fh = open('a_page.html', 'r') + parsed = BeautifulSoup(fh) + + page = urllib2.urlopen('http://site.com/page.html') + parsed = BeautifulSoup(page) + + You might want to open the documentation as reference + (http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc) + + +My Solution +----------- + +Take a shot at writing this new function in ``mashup.py`` + +.. code-block:: python + + # add this import at the top + from bs4 import BeautifulSoup + + # then add this function lower down + def parse_source(html): + parsed = BeautifulSoup(html) + return parsed + + +Put It Together +--------------- + +We'll need to make our script do something when run. + +.. code-block:: python + + if __name__ == '__main__': + # do something + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Fetch a search results page + * Parse the resulting HTML + * For now, print out the results so we can see what we get + + .. container:: + + Use the ``prettify`` method on a BeautifulSoup object:: + + print(parsed.prettify()) + + +My Solution +----------- + +Try to come up with the proper code on your own. Add it to ``mashup.py`` + +.. rst-class:: build +.. code-block:: python + + if __name__ == '__main__': + use_params = { + 'Inspection_Start': '2/1/2013', + 'Inspection_End': '2/1/2015', + 'Zip_Code': '98101' + } + html = get_inspection_page(**use_params) + parsed = parse_source(html) + print(parsed.prettify()) + + +.. nextslide:: Test The Results + +Assuming your virtualenv is still active, you should be able to execute the +script. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (soupenv)$ python mashup.py + ... + <script src="http://www.kingcounty.gov/kcscripts/kcPageAnalytics.js" type="text/javascript"> + </script> + <script type="text/javascript"> + //<![CDATA[ + var usasearch_config = { siteHandle:"kingcounty" }; + var script = document.createElement("script"); + script.type = "text/javascript"; + script.src = "http://search.usa.gov/javascripts/remote.loader.js"; + document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script); + //]]> + </script> + </form> + </body> + </html> + + This script is available as ``resources/session04/mashup_1.py`` + + + +.. nextslide:: Preserve the Results + +Now, let's re-run the script, saving the output to a file so we can use it +later:: + + $ python mashup.py > inspection_page.html + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Then add a quick function to our script that will use these saved results: + + .. code-block:: python + + def load_inspection_page(name): + file_path = pathlib.Path(name) + return file_path.read_text(encoding='utf8') + + Finally, bolt that in to your script to use it: + + .. code-block:: python + + # COMMENT OUT THIS LINE AND REPLACE IT + # html = get_inspection_page(**use_params) + html = load_inspection_page('inspection_page.html') + + +Extracting Data +--------------- + +Next we find the bits of this pile of HTML that matter to us. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Open the page you just wrote to disk in your web browser and open the + developer tools to inspect the page source. + + You'll want to start by finding the element in the page that contains all + our search results. + + Look at the source and identify the single element we are looking for. + +.. nextslide:: Tags and Searching + +Having found it visually, we can now search for it automatically. In +BeautifulSoup: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * All HTML elements (including the parsed document itself) are ``tags`` + * A ``tag`` can be searched using its ``find`` or ``find_all`` methods + * This searches the descendents of the tag on which it is called. + * It takes arguments which act as *filters* on the search results + + .. container:: + + like so:: + + tag.find(name, attrs, recursive, text, **kwargs) + tag.find_all(name, attrs, recursive, text, limit, **kwargs) + + +.. nextslide:: Searching by Attribute + +The ``find`` method allows us to pass *kwargs*. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Keywords that are not among the named parameters will be considered an HTML + attribute. + + We can use this to find the column that holds our search results: + + .. code-block:: python + + content_col = parsed.find('td', id="contentcol") + + Add that line to our mashup script and try it out: + + .. code-block:: python + + #... + parsed = parse_source(html) + content_col = parsed.find("td", id="contentcol") + print content_col.prettify() + + .. code-block:: bash + + (soupenv)$ python mashup.py + <td id="contentcol"> + ... + </td> + + +.. nextslide:: Filtering By Regular Expression + +The next job is to find the inspection data we can see when we click on the +restaurant names in our page. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Do you notice a pattern in how that data is structured? + + For each restaurant in our results, there are *two* ``<div>`` tags. + + The first contains the content you see at first, the second the content + that displays when we click. + + What can you see that identifies these items? + + ``<div id="PR0084952"...>`` and ``<div id="PR0084952~"...>`` + + Each pair shares an ID, and the stuff we want is in the second one + + Each number is different for each restaurant + + We can use a regular expression to help us here. + +.. nextslide:: Getting the Information Divs + +Let's write a function in ``mashup.py`` that will find all the divs in our +column with the right kind of id: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * It should match ``<div>`` tags only + * It should match ids that start with ``PR`` + * It should match ids that contain some number of *digits* after that + * It should match ids that end with a *tilde* (``~``) character + + .. code-block:: python + + # add an import up top + import re + + # and add this function + def restaurant_data_generator(html): + id_finder = re.compile(r'PR[\d]+~') + return html.find_all('div', id=id_finder) + + +.. nextslide:: Verify It Works + +Let's add that step to the *main* block at the bottom of ``mashup.py`` (only +print the first of the many divs that match): + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: python + + html, encoding = load_inspection_page('inspection_page.html') + parsed = parse_source(html, encoding) + content_col = parsed.find("td", id="contentcol") + data_list = restaurant_data_generator(content_col) + print data_list[0].prettify() + + + Finally, test it out: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (soupenv)$ python mashup.py + <div id="PR0001203~" name="PR0001203~" onclick="toggleShow(this.id);"...> + <table style="width: 635px;"> + ... + </table> + </div> + + This code is available as ``/resources/session04/mashup_2.py`` + + +Parsing Restaurant Data +----------------------- + +Now that we have the records we want, we need to parse them. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We'll start by extracting information about the restaurants: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Name + * Address + * Location + + How is this information contained in our records? + + +.. nextslide:: Complex Filtering + +Each record consists of a table with a series of *rows* (``<tr>``). + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The rows we want at this time all have two *cells* inside them. + + The first contains the *label* of the data, the second contains the *value* + + We'll need a function in ``mashup.py`` that: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * takes an HTML element as an argument + * verifies that it is a ``<tr>`` element + * verifies that it has two immediate children that are ``<td>`` elements + + My solution: + + .. code-block:: python + + def has_two_tds(elem): + is_tr = elem.name == 'tr' + td_children = elem.find_all('td', recursive=False) + has_two = len(td_children) == 2 + return is_tr and has_two + +.. nextslide:: Test It Out + +Let's try this out in an interpreter: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [1]: from mashup_3 import load_inspection_page, parse_source, + restaurant_data_generator, has_two_tds + In [2]: html = load_inspection_page('inspection_page.html') + In [3]: parsed = parse_source(html) + ... + In [4]: content_col = parsed.find('td', id='contentcol') + In [5]: records = restaurant_data_generator(content_col) + In [6]: rec = records[4] + +.. nextslide:: Test It Out + +We'd like to find all table rows in that div that contain *two* cells + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The table rows are all contained in a ``<tbody>`` tag. + + We only want the ones at the top of that tag (ones nested more deeply + contain other data) + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [13]: data_rows = rec.find('tbody').find_all(has_two_tds, recursive=False) + In [14]: len(data_rows) + Out[14]: 7 + In [15]: print(data_rows[0].prettify()) + <tr> + <td class="promptTextBox" style="width: 125px; font-weight: bold"> + - Business Name + </td> + <td class="promptTextBox" style="width: 520px; font-weight: bold"> + SPICE ORIENT + </td> + </tr> + +.. nextslide:: Extracting Labels and Values + +Now we have a list of the rows that contain our data. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Next we have to collect the data they contain + + The *label/value* structure of this data should suggest the right container + to store the information. + + Let's start by trying to get at the first label + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [18]: row1 = data_rows[0] + In [19]: cells = row1.find_all('td') + In [20]: cell1 = cells[0] + In [21]: cell1.text + Out[21]: '\n - Business Name\n ' + + That works well enough, but all that extra stuff is nasty + + We need a method to clean up the text we get from these cells + + It should strip extra whitespace, and characters like ``-`` and ``:`` we + don't want. + +.. nextslide:: My Solution + +Try writing such a function for yourself now in ``mashup.py`` + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: python + + def clean_data(td): + return td.text.strip(" \n:-") + + Add it to your interpreter and test it out: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [25]: def clean_data(td): + ....: return td.text.strip(" \n:-") + ....: + In [26]: clean_data(cell1) + Out[26]: 'Business Name' + In [27]: + + Ahhh, much better + +.. nextslide:: The Complete Function + +So we can get a list of the rows that contain label/value pairs. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + And we can extract clean values from the cells in these rows + + Now we need a function in ``mashup.py`` that will iterate through the rows + we find and build a dictionary of the pairs. + + We have to be cautious because some rows don't have a label. + + The values in these rows should go with the label from the previous row. + +.. nextslide:: My Solution + +Here's the version I came up with: + +.. code-block:: python + + def extract_restaurant_metadata(elem): + restaurant_data_rows = elem.find('tbody').find_all( + has_two_tds, recursive=False + ) + rdata = {} + current_label = '' + for data_row in restaurant_data_rows: + key_cell, val_cell = data_row.find_all('td', recursive=False) + new_label = clean_data(key_cell) + current_label = new_label if new_label else current_label + rdata.setdefault(current_label, []).append(clean_data(val_cell)) + return rdata + + +.. nextslide:: Testing It Out + +Add it to our script: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: python + + # ... + data_list = restaurant_data_generator(content_col) + for data_div in data_list: + metadata = extract_restaurant_metadata(data_div) + print metadata + + And then try it out: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (soupenv)$ python mashup.py + ... + {u'Business Category': [u'Seating 0-12 - Risk Category III'], + u'Longitude': [u'122.3401786000'], u'Phone': [u'(206) 501-9554'], + u'Business Name': [u"ZACCAGNI'S"], u'Address': [u'97B PIKE ST', u'SEATTLE, WA 98101'], + u'Latitude': [u'47.6086651300']} + + This script is available as ``resources/session04/mashup_3.py`` + + +Extracting Inspection Data +-------------------------- + +The final step is to extract the inspection data for each restaurant. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We want to capture only the score from each inspection, details we can + leave behind. + + We'd like to calculate the average score for all known inspections. + + We'd also like to know how many inspections there were in total. + + Finally, we'd like to preserve the highest score of all inspections for a + restaurant. + + We'll add this information to our metadata about the restaurant. + + +.. nextslide:: Finding the Data + +Let's start by getting our bearings. Return to viewing the +``inspection_page.html`` you saved in a browser. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Find a restaurant that has had an inspection or two. + + What can you say about the HTML that contains the scores for these + inspections? + + I notice four characteristics that let us isolate the information we want: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Inspection data is containd in ``<tr>`` elements + * Rows with inspection data in them have four ``<td>`` children + * The text in the first cell contains the word "inspection" + * But the text does not *start* with the word "inspection" + + Let's try to write a filter function like the one above that will catch + these rows for us. + +.. nextslide:: The filter + +Add this new function ``is_inspection_data_row`` to ``mashup.py`` + +.. rst-class:: build +.. code-block:: python + + def is_inspection_data_row(elem): + is_tr = elem.name == 'tr' + if not is_tr: + return False + td_children = elem.find_all('td', recursive=False) + has_four = len(td_children) == 4 + this_text = clean_data(td_children[0]).lower() + contains_word = 'inspection' in this_text + does_not_start = not this_text.startswith('inspection') + return is_tr and has_four and contains_word and does_not_start + +.. nextslide:: Test It Out + +We can test this function by adding it into our script: + +.. code-block:: python + + for data_div in data_list: + metadata = extract_restaurant_metadata(data_div) + # UPDATE THIS BELOW HERE + inspection_rows = data_div.find_all(is_inspection_data_row) + print(metadata) + print(len(inspection_rows)) + print('*'*10) + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + And try running the script in your terminal: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (soupenv)$ python mashup.py + {u'Business Category': [u'Seating 0-12 - Risk Category III'], + u'Longitude': [u'122.3401786000'], u'Phone': [u'(206) 501-9554'], + u'Business Name': [u"ZACCAGNI'S"], u'Address': [u'97B PIKE ST', u'SEATTLE, WA 98101'], + u'Latitude': [u'47.6086651300']} + 0 + ********** + +.. nextslide:: Building Inspection Data + +Now we can isolate a list of the rows that contain inspection data. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Next we need to calculate the average score, total number and highest score + for each restaurant. + + Let's add a function to ``mashup.py`` that will: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Take a div containing a restaurant record + * Extract the rows containing inspection data + * Keep track of the highest score recorded + * Sum the total of all inspections + * Count the number of inspections made + * Calculate the average score for inspections + * Return the three calculated values in a dictionary + +.. nextslide:: My Solution + +Try writing this routine yourself. + +.. code-block:: python + + def get_score_data(elem): + inspection_rows = elem.find_all(is_inspection_data_row) + samples = len(inspection_rows) + total = high_score = average = 0 + for row in inspection_rows: + strval = clean_data(row.find_all('td')[2]) + try: + intval = int(strval) + except (ValueError, TypeError): + samples -= 1 + else: + total += intval + high_score = intval if intval > high_score else high_score + if samples: + average = total/float(samples) + return {'Average Score': average, 'High Score': high_score, + 'Total Inspections': samples} + +.. nextslide:: Test It Out + +We can now incorporate this new routine into our ``mashup`` script. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We'll want to add the data it produces to the metadata we've already + extracted. + + .. code-block:: python + + for data_div in data_list: + metadata = extract_restaurant_metadata(data_div) + inspection_data = get_score_data(data_div) + metadata.update(inspection_data) + print metadata + + And test it out at the command line: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (soupenv)$ python mashup.py + ... + {u'Business Category': [u'Seating 0-12 - Risk Category III'], + u'Longitude': [u'122.3401786000'], u'High Score': 0, + u'Phone': [u'(206) 501-9554'], u'Business Name': [u"ZACCAGNI'S"], + u'Total Inspections': 0, u'Address': [u'97B PIKE ST', u'SEATTLE, WA 98101'], + u'Latitude': [u'47.6086651300'], u'Average Score': 0} + +Break Time +---------- + +Once you have this working, take a break. + +When we return, we'll try a saner approach to getting data from online + + + +Another Approach +================ + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + Scraping web pages is tedious and inherently brittle + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + The owner of the website updates their layout, your code breaks + + But there is another way to get information from the web in a more normalized + fashion + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **Web Services** + + +Web Services +------------ + +"a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine +interaction over a network" - W3C + +.. rst-class:: build + +* provides a defined set of calls +* returns structured data + + +.. nextslide:: Early Web Services + +**RSS** is one of the earliest forms of Web Services + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + A single web-based *endpoint* provides a dynamically updated listing of + content + + Implemented in pure HTTP. Returns XML + + **Atom** is a competing, but similar standard + + There's a solid Python library for consuming RSS: `feedparser`_. + +.. _feedparser: https://pythonhosted.org/feedparser/ + +.. nextslide:: XML-RPC + +XML-RPC extended the essentially static nature of RSS by allowing users to call +procedures and pass arguments. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Calls are made via HTTP GET, by passing an XML document + * Returns from a call are sent to the client in XML + + In python, you can access XML-RPC services using `xmlrpc`_ from the + standard library. It has two libraries, ``xmlrpc.client`` and + ``xmlrpc.server`` + +.. _xmlrpc: https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/xmlrpc.html + +.. nextslide:: SOAP + +SOAP extends XML-RPC in a couple of useful ways: + +.. rst-class:: build + +* It uses Web Services Description Language (WSDL) to provide meta-data about + an entire service in a machine-readable format (Automatic introspection) + +* It establishes a method for extending available data types using XML + namespaces + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + There is no standard library module that supports SOAP directly. + + .. rst-class:: build + + * The best-known and best-supported module available is **Suds** + * The homepage is https://fedorahosted.org/suds/ + * It can be installed using ``easy_install`` or ``pip install`` + * A `fork of the library`_ compatible with Python 3 does exist + + **I HATE SOAP** + +.. _fork of the library: https://github.com/cackharot/suds-py3 + +.. nextslide:: What about WSDL? + +SOAP was invented in part to provide completely machine-readable +interoperability. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + *Does that really work in real life?* + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **Hardly ever** + + Another reason was to provide extensibility via custom types + + *Does that really work in real life?* + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **Hardly ever** + +.. nextslide:: I have to write XML? + +In addition, XML is a pretty inefficient medium for transmitting data. There's +a lot of extra characters transmitted that lack any meaning. + +.. code-block:: xml + + <?xml version="1.0"?> + <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"> + <soap:Header> + </soap:Header> + <soap:Body> + <m:GetStockPrice xmlns:m="http://www.example.org/stock/Surya"> + <m:StockName>IBM</m:StockName> + </m:GetStockPrice> + </soap:Body> + </soap:Envelope> + +.. nextslide:: Why Do All The Work? + +So, if neither of the original goals is really achieved by using SOAP + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + And if the transmission medium is too bloated to use + + why pay all the overhead required to use the protocol? + + Is there another way we could consider approaching the problem? + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **Enter REST** + + +REST +---- + +.. rst-class:: centered + +**Representational State Transfer** + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Originally described by Roy T. Fielding (worth reading) + * Use HTTP for what it can do + * Read more in `RESTful Web Services <http://www.crummy.com/writing/RESTful-Web-Services/>`_\* + + \* Seriously. Buy it and read it + +.. nextslide:: A Comparison + +The XML-RCP/SOAP way: + +.. rst-class:: build + +* POST /getComment HTTP/1.1 +* POST /getComments HTTP/1.1 +* POST /addComment HTTP/1.1 +* POST /editComment HTTP/1.1 +* POST /deleteComment HTTP/1.1 + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The RESTful way: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * GET /comment/<id> HTTP/1.1 + * GET /comment HTTP/1.1 + * POST /comment HTTP/1.1 + * PUT /comment/<id> HTTP/1.1 + * DELETE /comment/<id> HTTP/1.1 + + +.. nextslide:: ROA + +REST is a **Resource Oriented Architecture** + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The URL represents the *resource* we are working with + + The HTTP Method indicates the ``action`` to be taken + + The HTTP Code returned tells us the ``result`` (whether success or failure) + +.. nextslide:: HTTP Codes Revisited + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + POST /comment HTTP/1.1 (creating a new comment): + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Success: ``HTTP/1.1 201 Created`` + * Failure (unauthorized): ``HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized`` + * Failure (NotImplemented): ``HTTP/1.1 405 Not Allowed`` + * Failure (ValueError): ``HTTP/1.1 406 Not Acceptable`` + + PUT /comment/<id> HTTP/1.1 (edit comment): + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Success: ``HTTP/1.1 200 OK`` + * Failure: ``HTTP/1.1 409 Conflict`` + + DELETE /comment/<id> HTTP/1.1 (delete comment): + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Success: ``HTTP/1.1 204 No Content`` + +REST uses JSON +-------------- + +JavaScript Object Notation: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * a lightweight data-interchange format + * easy for humans to read and write + * easy for machines to parse and generate + + Based on Two Structures: + + * object: ``{ string: value, ...}`` + * array: ``[value, value, ]`` + + .. rst-class:: centered + + pythonic, no? + + +.. nextslide:: JSON Data Types + +JSON provides a few basic data types (see http://json.org/): + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * string: unicode, anything but ", \\ and control characters + * number: any number, but json does not use octal or hexadecimal + * object, array (we've seen these above) + * true + * false + * null + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **No date type? OMGWTF??!!1!1** + +.. nextslide:: Dates in JSON + +You have two options: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. container:: + + Option 1 - Unix Epoch Time (number): + + .. code-block:: python + + >>> import time + >>> time.time() + 1358212616.7691269 + + .. container:: + + Option 2 - ISO 8661 (string): + + .. code-block:: python + + >>> import datetime + >>> datetime.datetime.now().isoformat() + '2013-01-14T17:18:10.727240' + + +JSON in Python +-------------- + +You can encode python to json, and decode json back to python: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: python + + In [1]: import json + In [2]: array = [1, 2, 3] + In [3]: json.dumps(array) + Out[3]: '[1, 2, 3]' + In [4]: orig = {'foo': [1,2,3], 'bar': 'my resumé', 'baz': True} + In [5]: encoded = json.dumps(orig) + In [6]: encoded + Out[6]: '{"foo": [1, 2, 3], "bar": "my resum\\u00e9", "baz": true}' + In [7]: decoded = json.loads(encoded) + In [8]: decoded == orig + Out[8]: True + + Customizing the encoder or decoder class allows for specialized serializations + + +.. nextslide:: + +the json module also supports reading and writing to *file-like objects* via +``json.dump(fp)`` and ``json.load(fp)`` (note the missing 's') + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Remember duck-typing. Anything with a ``.write`` and a ``.read`` method is + *file-like* + + This usage can be much more memory-friendly with large files/sources + + +Playing With REST +----------------- + +Let's take a moment to play with REST. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We'll use a common, public API provided by Google. + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **Geocoding** + +.. nextslide:: Geocoding with Google APIs + +https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/geocoding + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Open a python interpreter using our virtualenv:: + + (soupenv)$ python + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [1]: import requests + In [2]: import json + In [3]: from pprint import pprint + In [4]: url = 'http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json' + In [5]: addr = '1325 4th Ave, Seattle, 98101' + In [6]: parameters = {'address': addr, 'sensor': 'false'} + In [7]: resp = requests.get(url, params=parameters) + In [8]: data = resp.json() + + +.. nextslide:: Reverse Geocoding + +You can do the same thing in reverse, supply latitude and longitude and get +back address information: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [15]: if data['status'] == 'OK': + ....: pprint(data['results']) + ....: + [{'address_components': [{'long_name': '1325', + 'short_name': '1325', + ... + 'types': ['street_address']}] + + Notice that there may be a number of results returned, ordered from most + specific to least. + + +Mashing It Up +------------- + +Google's geocoding data is quite nice. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + But it's not in a format we can use directly to create a map + + For that we need `geojson` + + Moreover, formatting the data for all those requests is going to get + tedious. + + Luckily, people create *wrappers* for popular REST apis like google's + geocoding service. + + Once such wrapper is `geocoder`_, which provides not only google's service, + but many others under a single umbrella. + +.. _geocoder: http://geocoder.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ +.. _geojson: http://geojson.org + +.. nextslide:: Install ``geocoder`` + +Install geocoder into your ``soupenv`` so that it's available to use: + +.. code-block:: bash + + (soupenv)$ pip install geocoder + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Our final step for tonight will be to geocode the results we have scraped + from the inspection site. + + We'll then convert that to ``geojson``, insert our own properties and map + the results. + + Let's begin by converting our script so that what we have so far is + contained in a generator function + + We'll eventually sort our results and generate the top 10 or so for + geocoding. + + Open up ``mashup.py`` and copy everthing in the ``main`` block. + +.. nextslide:: Make a Generator Function + +Add a new function ``result_generator`` to the ``mashup.py`` script. Paste the +code you copied from the ``main`` block and then update it a bit: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. code-block:: python + + def result_generator(count): + use_params = { + 'Inspection_Start': '2/1/2013', + 'Inspection_End': '2/1/2015', + 'Zip_Code': '98101' + } + # html, encoding = get_inspection_page(**use_params) + html, encoding = load_inspection_page('inspection_page.html') + parsed = parse_source(html, encoding) + content_col = parsed.find("td", id="contentcol") + data_list = restaurant_data_generator(content_col) + for data_div in data_list[:count]: + metadata = extract_restaurant_metadata(data_div) + inspection_data = get_score_data(data_div) + metadata.update(inspection_data) + yield metadata + + +.. nextslide:: Test It Out + +Update the ``main`` block of your ``mashup.py`` script to use the new function: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: python + + if __name__ == '__main__': + for result in result_generator(10): + print result + + Then run your script and verify that the only thing that has changed is the + number of results that print. + + .. code-block:: bash + + (soupenv)$ python mashup.py + # you should see 10 dictionaries print here. + +Add Geocoding +------------- + +The API for geocoding with ``geocoder`` is the same for all providers. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + You give an address, it returns geocoded data. + + You provide latitude and longitude, it provides address data + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [1]: response = geocoder.google(<address>) + In [2]: response.json + Out[2]: # json result data + In [3]: response.geojson + Out[3]: # geojson result data + +.. nextslide:: Adding The Function + +Let's add a new function ``get_geojson`` to ``mashup.py`` + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It will + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Take a result from our search as it's input + * Get geocoding data from google using the address of the restaurant + * Return the geojson representation of that data + + Try to write this function on your own + + .. code-block:: python + + def get_geojson(result): + address = " ".join(result.get('Address', '')) + if not address: + return None + geocoded = geocoder.google(address) + return geocoded.geojson + +.. nextslide:: Testing It Out + +Next, update our ``main`` block to get the geojson for each result and print +it: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: python + + if __name__ == '__main__': + for result in result_generator(10): + geojson = get_geojson(result) + print geojson + + Then test your results by running your script: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (soupenv)$ python mashup.py + {'geometry': {'type': 'Point', 'coordinates': [-122.3393005, 47.6134378]}, + 'type': 'Feature', 'properties': {'neighborhood': 'Belltown', + 'encoding': 'utf-8', 'county': 'King County', 'city_long': 'Seattle', + 'lng': -122.3393005, 'quality': u'street_address', 'city': 'Seattle', + 'confidence': 9, 'state': 'WA', 'location': u'1933 5TH AVE SEATTLE, WA 98101', + 'provider': 'google', 'housenumber': '1933', 'accuracy': 'ROOFTOP', + 'status': 'OK', 'state_long': 'Washington', + 'address': '1933 5th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA', 'lat': 47.6134378, + 'postal': '98101', 'ok': True, 'road_long': '5th Avenue', 'country': 'US', + 'country_long': 'United States', 'street': '5th Ave'}, + 'bbox': [-122.3406494802915, 47.6120888197085, -122.3379515197085, 47.6147867802915]} + +.. nextslide:: Update Geojson Properties + +The ``properties`` of our geojson records are filled with data we don't really +care about. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Let's replace that information with some of the metadata from our + inspection results. + + We'll update our ``get_geojson`` function so that it: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Builds a dictionary containing only the values we want from our + inspection record. + * Converts list values to strings (geojson requires this) + * Replaces the 'properties' of our geojson with this new data + * Returns the modified geojson record + +.. nextslide:: Write the Function + +See if you can make the updates on your own. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. code-block:: python + + def get_geojson(result): + # ... + geocoded = geocoder.google(address) + geojson = geocoded.geojson + inspection_data = {} + use_keys = ( + 'Business Name', 'Average Score', 'Total Inspections', 'High Score' + ) + for key, val in result.items(): + if key not in use_keys: + continue + if isinstance(val, list): + val = " ".join(val) + inspection_data[key] = val + geojson['properties'] = inspection_data + return geojson + +.. nextslide:: Making Mappable Data + +We are now generating a series of ``geojson`` *Feature* objects. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + To map these objects, we'll need to create a file which contains a + ``geojson`` *FeatureCollection*. + + The structure of such a collection looks like this: + + .. code-block:: json + + {'type': 'FeatureCollection', 'features': [...]} + + Let's update our ``main`` function to append each feature to such a + structure. + + Then we can dump the structure as ``json`` to a file. + +.. nextslide:: Update the Script + +In ``mashup.py`` update the ``main`` block like so: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: python + + # add an import at the top: + import json + + if __name__ == '__main__': + total_result = {'type': 'FeatureCollection', 'features': []} + for result in result_generator(10): + geojson = get_geojson(result) + total_result['features'].append(geojson) + with open('my_map.json', 'w') as fh: + json.dump(total_result, fh) + + When you run the script nothing will print, but the new file will appear. + + .. code-block:: bash + + (soupenv)$ python mashup.py + + This script is available as ``resources/session04/mashup_5.py`` + +Display the Results +------------------- + +Once the new file is written you are ready to display your results. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Open your web browser and go to http://geojson.io + + Then drag and drop the new file you wrote onto the map you see there. + + .. figure:: /_static/geojson-io.png + :align: center + :width: 75% + +Wrap Up +------- + +We've built a simple mashup combining data from different sources. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We scraped health inspection data from the King County government site. + + We geocoded that data. + + And we've displayed the results on a map. + + What other sources of data might we choose to combine? + + Check out `programmable web <http://www.programmableweb.com/apis/directory>`_ + to see some of the possibilities + + + + +Homework +======== + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + For your homework this week, you'll be polishing this mashup. + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + Begin by sorting the results of our search by the average score (can + you do this and still use a generator for getting the geojson?). + + Then, update your script to allow the user to choose how to sort, by + average, high score or most inspections:: + + (soupenv)$ python mashup.py highscore + + Next, allow the user to choose how many results to map:: + + (soupenv)$ python mashup.py highscore 25 + + Or allow them to reverse the results, showing the lowest scores first:: + + (soupenv)$ python mashup.py highscore 25 reverse + + If you're feeling particularly adventurous, see if you can use the + `argparse`_ module from the standard library to handle command line + arguments + +.. _argparse: https://docs.python.org/2/library/argparse.html#module-argparse + +More Fun +-------- + +Next, try adding a bit of information to your map by setting the +``marker-color`` property. This will display a marker with the provided +css-style color (``#FF0000``) + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + See if you can make the color change according to the values used for the + sorting of the list. Either vary the intensity of the color, or the hue. + + Finally, if you are feeling particularly frisky, you can update your script + to automatically open a browser window with your map loaded on + *geojson.io*. + + To do this, you'll want to read about the `webbrowser`_ module from the + standard library. + + In addition, you'll want to read up on using the URL parameters API for + *geojson.io*. Click on the **help** tab in the sidebar to view the + information. + + You will also need to learn about how to properly quote special characters + for a URL, using the `urllib.parse`_ ``quote`` function. + +.. _urllib.parse: https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.parse.html#urllib.parse.quote +.. _webbrowser: https://docs.python.org/3/library/webbrowser.html + +Submitting Your Work +-------------------- + +Create a github repository to contain your mashup work. Start by populating it +with the script as we finished it today (mashup_5.py). + +As you implement the above features, commit early and commit often. + +When you're ready for us to look it over, email a link to your repository to +Maria and I. + diff --git a/source/presentations/session05.rst b/source/presentations/session05.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4e153be2 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/presentations/session05.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1523 @@ +.. slideconf:: + :autoslides: True + +********** +Session 05 +********** + +.. image:: /_static/python.png + :align: center + :width: 43% + + + +MVC Applications +================ + +Wherin we learn about the Model View Controller approach to app design and +explore data persistence in Python. + +.. figure:: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/MVC_passive_view.png + :align: center + :width: 40% + + By Alan Evangelista (Own work) [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons + +Separation of Concerns +---------------------- + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + In the first part of this course, you were introduced to the concept of + *Object Oriented Programming* + + OOP was `first formalized`_ in the 1970s in *Smalltalk*, invented by Alan + Kay at *Xerox PARC* + + *Smalltalk* was also the first language which utilized the + `Model View Controller`_ design pattern. + + This pattern (like all `design patterns`_) seeks to provide a *way of + thinking* that helps to make software design easier. + + In this case, the goal is to help clarify the high-level *separation of + concerns* in a system. + +.. _first formalized: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming#History +.. _Model View Controller: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model–view–controller +.. _design patterns: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_design_pattern + +Three Components +---------------- + +The pattern divides the elements of a system into three parts: + +.. rst-class:: build + +Model: + This component represents the *data* that comprises the system, and the + *logic* used to manipulate that data. + +View: + This component can be any *representation* of the data to the outside world: + a chart, diagram, table, user interface, etc. + + It also includes representations of the *actions* available in the system. + +Controller: + This component coordinates the Model and the View in a system. + + It accepts input from a user and channels that input into the Model. + + It accepts information about the current state of the Model and transmits + that information to the View. + +On the Web +---------- + +This pattern has proven useful for thinking about the applications we build for +the web. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + A web browser provides a convenient container for *views* of data. + + These *views* are created by *controller* software hosted on a server. + + This *controller* software accepts input from users via *HTTP requests*, + channeling it into a *data model*, often stored in some database. + + The *controller* returns information about the state of the *data model* to + the user via *HTTP responses* + +.. nextslide:: + +This approach is so common, that it has been formalized into any number of *web +frameworks* + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + *Web frameworks* abstract away the specifics of the *HTTP request/response + cycle*, leaving simple MVC components for the developer to use. + + *Web frameworks* exist in nearly all modern languages. + + Python has scores of them. + + Over the weeks to come, we'll learn about two of them, `Pyramid`_ and + `Django`_. + +.. _Pyramid: http://www.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/about +.. _Django: https://www.djangoproject.com/ + +A Word About Terminology +------------------------ + +Although the MVC pattern is a useful abstraction, there are a few differences +in how things are named in Python web frameworks + +.. rst-class:: build centered +.. container:: + + model <--> model + + controller <--> view + + view <--> template (or even HTTP response) + + .. rst-class:: left + + For more on this difference, you can `read this`_ from the Pyramid design + documentation. + +.. _read this: http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/latest/designdefense.html#pyramid-gets-its-terminology-wrong-mvc + +Our First Application +===================== + +.. rst-class:: left + +But enough abstract blabbering. + +.. rst-class:: build left +.. container:: + + There's no better way to make concepts like these concrete than to build + something using them. + + Let's make an application! + + We're going to build a Learning Journal. + + When we're done, you'll have a live, online application you can use to keep + note of the things you are learning about Python development. + + We'll use one of our Python web framework to do this: `Pyramid`_ + +Pyramid +------- + +First published in 2010, `Pyramid`_ is a powerful, flexible web framework. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + You can create compelling one-page applications, much like in + microframeworks like Flask + + You can also create powerful, scalable applications using the full + power of Python + + Created by the combined powers of the teams behind Pylons and Zope + + It represents the first true second-generation web framework in + existence. + +Starting the Project +-------------------- + +The first step is to prepare for the project. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Begin by creating a location where you'll do your work. + + I generally put all my work in a folder called ``projects`` in my home + directory: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ cd + $ mkdir projects + $ cd projects + $ mkdir learning-journal + $ cd learning-journal + $ pwd + /Users/cewing/project/learning-journal + +.. nextslide:: Creating an Environment + +We continue our preparations by creating the virtual environment we will use +for our project. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Again, this will help us to keep our work here isolated from anything else + we do. + + Remember how to make a new venv? + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ pyvenv ljenv + + .. code-block:: posh + + c:\Temp>python -m venv myenv + + And then, how to activate it? + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ source ljenv/bin/activate + (ljenv)$ + + .. code-block:: posh + + C:> ljenv/Scripts/activate.bat + +.. nextslide:: Installing Pyramid + +Next, we install the Pyramid web framework into our new virtualenv. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We can do this with the ``pip`` in our active ``ljenv``: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pip install pyramid + Collecting pyramid + Downloading pyramid-1.5.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (545kB) + 100% |################################| 548kB 172kB/s + ... + Successfully installed PasteDeploy-1.5.2 WebOb-1.4 + pyramid-1.5.2 repoze.lru-0.6 translationstring-1.3 + venusian-1.0 zope.deprecation-4.1.1 zope.interface-4.1.2 + + Once that is complete, we are ready to create a *scaffold* for our project. + +Working with Pyramid +-------------------- + +Many web frameworks require at least a bit of *boilerplate* code to get +started. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Pyramid does not. + + However, our application will require a database and handling that does + require some. + + Pyramid provides a system for creating boilerplate called ``pcreate``. + + You use it to generate the skeleton for a project based on some pattern: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pcreate -s alchemy learning_journal + Creating directory /Users/cewing/projects/learning-journal/learning_journal + ... + Welcome to Pyramid. Sorry for the convenience. + =============================================================================== + + Let's take a quick look at what that did + +.. nextslide:: What You Get + +.. code-block:: bash + + ... + ├── development.ini + ├── learning_journal + │   ├── __init__.py + │   ├── models.py + │   ├── scripts + │   │   ├── __init__.py + │   │   └── initializedb.py + │   ├── static + ... + │   ├── templates + │   │   └── mytemplate.pt + │   ├── tests.py + │   └── views.py + ├── production.ini + └── setup.py + +.. nextslide:: Saving Your Work + +You've now created something worth saving. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Start by initializing a new git repository in the `learning_journal` folder + you just created: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ cd learning_journal + (ljenv)$ git init + Initialized empty Git repository in + /Users/cewing/projects/learning-journal/learning_journal/.git/ + +.. nextslide:: Saving Your Work + +Check ``git status`` to see where things stand: + +.. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ git status + On branch master + + Initial commit + + Untracked files: + (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) + + CHANGES.txt + MANIFEST.in + README.txt + development.ini + learning_journal/ + production.ini + setup.py + +.. nextslide:: Add the Project Code + +Add your work to this new repository: + +.. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ git add . + (ljenv)$ git status + ... + Changes to be committed: + (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage) + + new file: CHANGES.txt + new file: MANIFEST.in + ... + new file: production.ini + new file: setup.py + +.. nextslide:: Ignore Irrelevant Files + +Python creates ``.pyc`` files when it executes your code. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + There are many other files you don't want or need in your repository + + You can ignore this in ``git`` with the ``.gitignore`` file. + + Create one now, in this same directory, and add the following basic lines:: + + *.pyc + .DS_Store + + Finally, add this new file to your repository, too. + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ git add .gitignore + +.. nextslide:: Make It Permanent + +To preserve all these changes, you'll need to commit what you've done: + +.. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ git commit -m "initial commit of the Pyramid learning journal" + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This will make a first commit here in this local repository. + + For homework, you'll put this into GitHub, but this is enough for now. + + Let's move on to learning about what we've built so far. + +.. nextslide:: Project Structure + +When you ran the ``pcreate`` command, a new folder was created: +``learning_journal``. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This folder contains your *project*. + + At the top level, you have *configuration* (.ini files) + + You also have a file called ``setup.py`` + + This file turns this collection of Python code and configuration into an + *installable Python distribution* + + Let's take a moment to look over the code in that file + +.. nextslide:: ``setup.py`` + +.. code-block:: python + + from setuptools import setup, find_packages + ... + requires = [ + 'pyramid', + ... # packages on which this software depends (dependencies) + ] + setup(name='learning_journal', + version='0.0', + ... # package metadata (used by PyPI) + install_requires=requires, + # Entry points are ways that we can run our code once installed + entry_points="""\ + [paste.app_factory] + main = learning_journal:main + [console_scripts] + initialize_learning_journal_db = learning_journal.scripts.initializedb:main + """, + ) + +Pyramid is Python +----------------- + +In the ``__init__.py`` file of your app *package*, you'll find a ``main`` +function: + +.. code-block:: python + + def main(global_config, **settings): + """ This function returns a Pyramid WSGI application. + """ + engine = engine_from_config(settings, 'sqlalchemy.') + DBSession.configure(bind=engine) + Base.metadata.bind = engine + config = Configurator(settings=settings) + config.include('pyramid_chameleon') + config.add_static_view('static', 'static', cache_max_age=3600) + config.add_route('home', '/') + config.scan() + return config.make_wsgi_app() + +Let's take a closer look at this, line by line. + +.. nextslide:: System Configuration + +.. code-block:: python + + def main(global_config, **settings): + +Configuration is passed in to an application after being read from the +``.ini`` file we saw above. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + These files contain sections (``[app:main]``) containing ``name = value`` + pairs of *configuration data* + + This data is parsed with the Python + `ConfigParser <http://docs.python.org/2/library/configparser.html>`_ module. + + The result is a dict of values: + + .. code-block:: python + + {'app:main': {'pyramid.reload_templates': True, ...}, ...} + + The default section of the file is passed in as ``global_config``, the + section for *this app* as ``settings``. + +.. nextslide:: Database Configuration + +.. code-block:: python + + from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config + from .models import DBSession, Base + ... + engine = engine_from_config(settings, 'sqlalchemy.') + DBSession.configure(bind=engine) + Base.metadata.bind = engine + +We will use a package called ``SQLAlchemy`` to interact with our database. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Our connection is set up using settings read from the ``.ini`` file. + + Can you find the settings for the database? + + The ``DBSession`` ensures that each *database transaction* is tied to HTTP + requests. + + The ``Base`` provides a parent class that will hook our *models* to the + database. + +.. nextslide:: App Configuration + +.. code-block:: python + + config = Configurator(settings=settings) + config.include('pyramid_chameleon') + config.add_static_view('static', 'static', cache_max_age=3600) + config.add_route('home', '/') + config.scan() + +Pyramid controlls application-level configuration using a ``Configurator`` class. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It uses app-specific settings passed in from the ``.ini`` file + + We can also ``include`` configuration from other add-on packages + + Additionally, we can configure *routes* and *views* needed to connect our + application to the outside world here (more on this next week). + + Finally, the ``Configurator`` instance performs a ``scan`` to ensure there + are no problems with what we've created. + +.. nextslide:: A Last Word on Configuration + +We will return to the configuration of our application repeatedly over the next +sessions. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Pyramid configuration is powerful and flexible. + + We'll use a few of its features + + But there's a lot more you could (and should) learn. + + Read about it in the `configuration chapter`_ of the Pyramid documentation. + +.. _configuration chapter: http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/latest/api/config.html + +.. nextslide:: Break Time + +Let's take a moment to rest up and absorb what we've learned. + +When we return, we'll see how we can create *models* that will embody the data +for our Learning Journal application. + +.. rst-class:: centered + +**Pyramid Models** + + +Models in Pyramid +================= + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + The central component of MVC, the model, captures the behavior of the + application in terms of its problem domain, independent of the user + interface. The model directly manages the data, logic and rules of the + application + + -- from the Wikipedia article on `Model-view-controller`_ + +.. _Model-view-controller: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model–view–controller + +Models and ORMs +--------------- + +In an MVC application, we define the *problem domain* by creating one or more +*Models*. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + These capture relevant details about the information we want to preserve + and how we want to interact with it. + + In Python-based MVC applications, these *Models* are implemented as Python + classes. + + The individual bits of data we want to know about are *attributes* of our + classes. + + The actions we want to take using that data are *methods* of our classes. + + Together, we can refer to this as the *API* of our system. + +.. nextslide:: Persistence + +It's all well and good to have a set of Python classes that represent your +system. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + But what happens when you want to *save* information. + + What happens to a instance of a Python class when you quit the interprer? + + When your script stops running? + + The code in a website runs when an HTTP request comes in from a client. + + It stops running when an HTTP response goes back out to the client. + + So what happens to the data in your system in-between these moments? + + The data must be *persisted* + +.. nextslide:: Alternatives + +In the last class from part one of this series, you explored a number of +alternatives for persistence + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Python Literals +* Pickle/Shelf +* Interchange Files (CSV, XML, INI) +* Object Stores (ZODB, Durus) +* NoSQL Databases (MongoDB, CouchDB) +* SQL Databases (sqlite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQLServer) + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Any of these might be useful for certain types of applications. + + On the web, you tend to see two used the most: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * NoSQL + * SQL + +.. nextslide:: Choosing One + +How do you choose one over the other? + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + In general, the telling factor is going to be how you intend to use your + data. + + In systems where the dominant feature is viewing/interacting with + individual objects, a NoSQL storage solution might be the best way to go. + + In systems with objects that are related to eachother, SQL-based Relational + Databases are a better choice. + + Our system is more like this latter type (trust me on that one for now). + + We'll be using SQL (sqlite to start with). + + +.. nextslide:: Objects and Tables + +So we have a system where our data is captured in Python *objects* + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + And a storage system where our data must be rendered as database *tables* + + Python provides a specification for interacting directly with databases: + `dbapi2`_ + + And there are multiple Python packages that implement this specification + for various databases: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * sqlite3 + * python-mysql + * psycopg2 + * ... + + With these, you can write SQL to save your Python objects into your + database. + +.. _dbapi2: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/ + +.. nextslide:: ORMs + +But that's a pain. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + SQL, while not impossible, is yet another language to learn. + + And there is a viable alternative in using an *Object Relational Manager* + (ORM) + + An ORM provides a layer of *abstraction* between you and SQL + + You instantiate Python objects and set attributes on them + + The ORM handles converting data from these objects into SQL statements (and + back) + +SQLAlchemy +---------- + +In our project we will be using the `SQLAlchemy`_ ORM. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + You can find SQLAlchemy among the packages in ``requires`` in ``setup.py`` + in our new ``learning_journal`` package. + + However, we don't yet have that code installed. + + To do so, we will need to "install" our own package + + Make sure your ``ljenv`` virtualenv is active and then type the following: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ python setup.py develop + running develop + running egg_info + creating learning_journal.egg-info + ... + Finished processing dependencies for learning-journal==0.0 + +.. nextslide:: + +Once that is complete, all the *dependencies* listed in our ``setup.py`` will +be installed. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + You can also install the package using ``python setup.py install`` + + But using ``develop`` allows us to continue developing our package without + needing to re-install it every time we change something. + + It is very similar to using the ``-e`` option to ``pip`` + + Now, we'll only need to re-run this command if we change ``setup.py`` + itself. + +.. nextslide:: + +We also need to adjust our ``.gitignore`` file: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ git status + ... + Untracked files: + (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) + + learning_journal.egg-info/ + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The ``egg-info`` directory that was just created is an artifact of + installing a Python egg. + + It should never be committed to a repository. + + Let's add ``*.egg-info`` to our ``.gitignore`` file and then commit that + change + + Remember how? + +.. nextslide:: Our First Model + +Our project skeleton contains up a first, basic model created for us: + +.. code-block:: python + + # in models.py + Base = declarative_base() + + class MyModel(Base): + __tablename__ = 'models' + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + name = Column(Text) + value = Column(Integer) + Index('my_index', MyModel.name, unique=True, mysql_length=255) + +.. _SQLAlchemy: http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_0_9/ + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Our class inherits from ``Base`` + + We ran into ``Base`` earlier when discussing configuration. + + We were binding it to the database we wanted to use (the ``engine``) + +.. nextslide:: ``Base`` + +Any class we create that inherits from this ``Base`` becomes a *model* + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It will be connected through the ORM to a table in our database. + + The name of the table is determined by the ``__tablename__`` special + attribute. + + Other aspects of table configuration can also be controlled through special + attributes + + Instances of the class, once saved, will become rows in the table. + + Attributes of the model that are instances of ``Column`` will become + columns in the table. + + You can learn much more in the `Declarative`_ chapter of the SQLAlchemy docs + +.. _Declarative: http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_0_9/orm/extensions/declarative/ + +.. nextslide:: Columns + +Each attribute of your model that will be persisted must be an instance of +`Column`_. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Each instance requires *at least* a specific `data type`_ (such as + Integer). + + Additionally, you can control other aspects of the column such as it being + a primary key. + + In the *declarative* style we are using, the name of the column in the + database will default to the attribute name you assigned. + + If you wish, you may provide a name specifically. It must be the first + argument and must be a string. + +.. _Column: http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_0_9/core/metadata.html#sqlalchemy.schema.Column +.. _data type: http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_0_9/core/types.html + +Creating The Database +--------------------- + +We have a *model* which allows us to persist Python objects to an SQL database. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + But we're still missing one ingredient here. + + We need to create our database, or there will be nowhere for our data to + go. + + Luckily, our ``pcreate`` scaffold also gave us a convenient way to handle + this: + + .. code-block:: python + + # in setup.py + entry_points="""\ + [paste.app_factory] + main = learning_journal:main + [console_scripts] + initialize_learning_journal_db = learning_journal.scripts.initializedb:main + """, + + The ``console_script`` set up as an entry point will help us. + +.. nextslide:: Initializing the Database + +Let's look at that code for a moment. + +.. code-block:: python + + # in scripts/intitalizedb.py + from ..models import DBSession, MyModel, Base + # ... + def main(argv=sys.argv): + if len(argv) < 2: + usage(argv) + config_uri = argv[1] + options = parse_vars(argv[2:]) + setup_logging(config_uri) + settings = get_appsettings(config_uri, options=options) + engine = engine_from_config(settings, 'sqlalchemy.') + DBSession.configure(bind=engine) + Base.metadata.create_all(engine) + with transaction.manager: + model = MyModel(name='one', value=1) + DBSession.add(model) + +.. nextslide:: Console Scripts + +By connecting this function as a ``console script``, our Python package makes +this command available to us when we install it. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + When we exectute the script at the command line, we will be running this + function. + + But before we try it out, let's update the name we use so we don't have to + type that whole big mess. + + In ``setup.py`` change ``initialize_learning_journal_db`` to ``setup_db``: + + .. code-block:: python + + entry_points="""\ + [paste.app_factory] + main = learning_journal:main + [console_scripts] + setup_db = learning_journal.scripts.initializedb:main + """, + + Then, as you have changed ``setup.py``, re-install your package: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ python setup.py develop + ... + +.. nextslide:: Running the Script + +Now that the script has been renamed, let's try it out. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We'll need to provide a configuration file name, let's use + ``development.ini``: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ setup_db development.ini + 2015-01-05 18:59:55,426 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine][MainThread] SELECT CAST('test plain returns' AS VARCHAR(60)) AS anon_1 + ... + 2015-01-05 18:59:55,434 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine][MainThread] COMMIT + + The ``[loggers]`` configuration in our ``.ini`` file sends a stream of + INFO-level logging to sys.stdout as the console script runs. + +.. nextslide:: A Bit More Cleanup + +So what was the outcome of running that script? + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ ls + ... + learning_journal.sqlite + ... + + We've now created an sqlite database. + + You'll need to add ``*.sqlite`` to ``.gitignore`` so you don't + inadvertently add that file to your repository. + + Once you've done so, commit the change to your repository + +Interacting with SQLA Models +---------------------------- + +It's pretty easy to play with your models from in an interpreter. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + But before we do so, let's make a nicer interpreter available for our + project + + You've been using iPython in class, we can use it here too. + + Just install it with ``pip``: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pip install ipython pyramid_ipython + + Once that finishes, you'll be able to use iPython as your interpreter for + this project. + + And ``Pyramid`` provides a way to connect your interpreter to the + application code you are writing: + + The ``pshell`` command + +.. nextslide:: The ``pshell`` command + +Let's fire up ``pshell`` and explore for a moment to see what we have at our +disposal: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pshell development.ini + Python 3.5.0 (default, Sep 16 2015, 10:42:55) + Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. + + IPython 4.0.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. + ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. + %quickref -> Quick reference. + help -> Python's own help system. + object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details. + + Environment: + app The WSGI application. + registry Active Pyramid registry. + request Active request object. + root Root of the default resource tree. + root_factory Default root factory used to create `root`. + +.. nextslide:: + +The ``environment`` created by ``pshell`` provides us with a few useful tools. + +.. code-block:: bash + + app The WSGI application. + registry Active Pyramid registry. + request Active request object. + root Root of the default resource tree. + root_factory Default root factory used to create `root`. + +.. rst-class:: build + +* The ``app`` is our new learning journal application +* The ``registry`` provides us with access to settings and other useful + information +* The ``request`` is an artificial HTTP request we can use if we need to + pretend we are listening to clients +* ... + +.. nextslide:: + +Let's use this environment to build a database session and interact with our +data: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [1]: from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config + In [2]: engine = engine_from_config(registry.settings, 'sqlalchemy.') + In [3]: from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker + In [4]: Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) + In [5]: session = Session() + In [6]: from learning_journal.models import MyModel + In [7]: session.query(MyModel).all() + ... + 2015-12-21 18:06:05,179 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine][MainThread] SELECT models.id AS models_id, models.name AS models_name, models.value AS models_value + FROM models + 2015-12-21 18:06:05,179 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine][MainThread] () + Out[7]: [<learning_journal.models.MyModel at 0x105f30208>] + +We've stolen a lot of this from the ``initializedb.py`` script + +.. nextslide:: Basic Interactions + +Any interaction with the database requires a ``session``. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This object represents the connection to the database. + + All database queries are phrased as methods of the session. + + .. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [8]: query = session.query(MyModel) + In [9]: type(query) + Out[9]: sqlalchemy.orm.query.Query + + The ``query`` method of the session object returns a ``Query`` object + + Arguments to the ``query`` method can be a *model* class or *columns* from + a model class. + +.. nextslide:: Queries are Iterators + +You can iterate over a query object. The result depends on the args you passed. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [10]: q1 = session.query(MyModel) + In [11]: for row in q1: + ....: print(row) + ....: print(type(row)) + ....: + <learning_journal.models.MyModel object at 0x105f30208> + <class 'learning_journal.models.MyModel'> + +.. nextslide:: Queries are Iterators + +You can iterate over a query object. The result depends on the args you passed. + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [12]: q2 = session.query(MyModel.name, MyModel.id, MyModel.value) + In [13]: for name, id, val in q2: + ....: print(name) + ....: print(type(name)) + ....: print(id) + ....: print(type(id)) + ....: print(val) + ....: print(type(val)) + ....: + one + <class 'str'> + 1 + <class 'int'> + 1 + <class 'int'> + +.. nextslide:: Queries have SQL + +You can view the SQL that your query will use: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [14]: str(q1) + Out[14]: 'SELECT models.id AS models_id, models.name AS models_name, models.value AS models_value \nFROM models' + + In [15]: str(q2) + Out[15]: 'SELECT models.name AS models_name, models.id AS models_id, models.value AS models_value \nFROM models' + + You can use this to check that the query the ORM is constructing looks like + you expect. + + It can be helpful in debugging. + +.. nextslide:: Methods of the Query Object + +The methods of the ``Query`` object fall into two rough categories + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + 1. Methods that return a new ``Query`` object + 2. Methods that return *scalar* values or *model* instances + + Let's start by looking quickly at a few methods from the second category + +.. nextslide:: ``query.get()`` + +A good example of this category of methods is ``get``, which returns one +instance only. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It takes a primary key as an argument: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [16]: session.query(MyModel).get(1) + Out[16]: <learning_journal.models.MyModel at 0x105f30208> + In [17]: session.query(MyModel).get(10) + In [18]: + + + If no item with that primary key is present, then the method returns + ``None`` + +.. nextslide:: ``query.all()`` + +Another example is one we've already seen. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + ``query.all()`` returns a list of all rows returned by the database: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [18]: q1.all() + Out[18]: [<learning_journal.models.MyModel at 0x105f30208>] + + In [19]: type(q1.all()) + Out[19]: list + + ``query.count()`` returns the number of rows that would have been returned + by the query: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [20]: q1.count() + Out[20]: 1 + +.. nextslide:: Creating New Objects + +Before getting into the other category, let's learn how to create new objects. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. container:: + + We can create new instances of our *model* just like normal Python + objects: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [21]: new_model = MyModel(name='fred', value=3) + In [22]: new_model + Out[22]: <learning_journal.models.MyModel at 0x105f4af28> + + .. container:: + + In this state, the instance is *ephemeral*, our ``session`` knows + nothing about it: + + .. code-block:: pycon + + In [23]: session.new + Out[23]: IdentitySet([]) + +.. nextslide:: Adding Objects to the Session + +For the database to know about our new object, we must ``add`` it to the +session: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [24]: session.add(new_model) + In [25]: session.new + Out[25]: IdentitySet([<learning_journal.models.MyModel object at 0x105f4af28>]) + + We can even bulk-add new objects: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [26]: new = [] + In [27]: for name, val in [('bob', 34), ('tom', 13)]: + ....: new.append(MyModel(name=name, value=val)) + ....: + In [28]: session.add_all(new) + In [29]: session.new + Out[29]: IdentitySet([<learning_journal.models.MyModel object at 0x105f4af28>, + <learning_journal.models.MyModel object at 0x105f4a4a8>, + <learning_journal.models.MyModel object at 0x105f30550>]) + +.. nextslide:: Committing Changes + +Up until now, the changes you've made are not permanent. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + In order for these new objects to be saved to the database, the session + must be ``committed``: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [30]: other_session = Session() + In [31]: other_session.query(MyModel).count() + Out[31]: 1 + In [32]: session.commit() + In [33]: other_session.query(MyModel).count() + Out[33]: 4 + + When you are using a ``scoped_session`` in Pyramid, this action is + automatically handled for you. + + The session that is bound to a particular HTTP request is committed when a + response is sent back. + + (don't worry if this seems confusing, more to come next week) + +.. nextslide:: Altering Objects + +You can edit objects that are already part of a session, or that are fetched by +a query. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Simply change the values of a persisted attribute, the session will know + it's been updated: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [34]: new_model + Out[34]: <learning_journal.models.MyModel at 0x105f4af28> + In [35]: new_model.name + Out[35]: 'fred' + In [36]: new_model.name = 'larry' + In [37]: session.dirty + Out[37]: IdentitySet([<learning_journal.models.MyModel object at 0x105f4af28>]) + + Commit the session to persist the changes: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [38]: session.commit() + In [39]: [model.name for model in other_session.query(MyModel)] + Out[39]: ['one', 'larry', 'bob', 'tom'] + +.. nextslide:: Methods Returning Queries + +Returning to query methods, a good example of the second type is the ``filter`` +method. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This method allows you to reduce the number of results, based on criteria: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [40]: [(o.name, o.value) for o in session.query(MyModel).filter(MyModel.value < 20)] + Out[40]: [('one', 1), ('larry', 3), ('tom', 13)] + +.. nextslide:: ``order_by`` + +Another typical method in this category is ``order_by``: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [41]: [o.value for o in session.query(MyModel).order_by(MyModel.value)] + Out[41]: [1, 3, 13, 34] + + In [42]: [o.name for o in session.query(MyModel).order_by(MyModel.name)] + Out[42]: ['bob', 'larry', 'one', 'tom'] + +.. nextslide:: Method Chaining + +Since methods in this category return ``Query`` objects, they can be safely +*chained* to build more complex queries: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [43]: q1 = session.query(MyModel).filter(MyModel.value < 20) + In [44]: q1 = q1.order_by(MyModel.name) + In [45]: [(o.name, o.value) for o in q1] + Out[45]: [('larry', 3), ('one', 1), ('tom', 13)] + + Note that you can do this inline as well + (``s.query(Model).filter().order_by()``) + + Also note that when using chained queries like this, no query is actually + sent to the database until you require a result. + + +Cleaning Up After Ourselves +--------------------------- + +When you are experimenting with a new system, you often create data that is +messy or incomplete. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It's good to remember that none of the information we've persisted to our + database is vital to us. + + For homework this week we'll be making new models, and the data we have in + our current database will only get in the way. + + Until you have real production data it is always safe simply to delete the + database and start over: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ rm learning_journal.sqlite + + You can always re-create it by executing ``setup_db`` + +Homework +======== + +.. rst-class:: left + +Okay, that's enough for the moment. + +.. rst-class:: build left +.. container:: + + You've learned quite a bit about how *models* work in SQLAlchemy + + It's time to put that knowledge to good use. + + For the first part of your assignment this week you will begin to define + the data model for our learning journal application. + + I'll provide a specification, you define the model required to do the job. + + I'll also ask you to define a few methods to complete the first part of our + API. + +The Model +--------- + +Our model will be called an ``Entry``. Here's what you need to know: + +* It should be stored in a database table called ``entries`` +* It should have a primary key field called ``id`` +* It should have a ``title`` field which accepts unicode text up to 255 characters in length +* The ``title`` should be unique and it should be impossible to save an + ``entry`` without a ``title``. +* It should have a ``body`` field which accepts unicode text of any length + (including none) +* It should have a ``created`` field which stores the date and time the object + was created. +* It should have an ``edited`` field which stores the date and time the object + was last edited. + +.. nextslide:: + +* Both the ``created`` and ``edited`` field should default to ``now`` if not + provided when a new instance is constructed. +* The ``entry`` class should support a classmethod ``all`` that returns all the + entries in the database, ordered so that the most recent entry is first. +* The ``entry`` class should support a classmethod ``by_id`` that returns a + single entry, given an ``id``. + +Remember that in order to have your new model table created, you will have to +re-run the ``initialize_learning_journal_db`` script after creating your model. + +.. nextslide:: Words of Advice + +Use the documentation linked in this presentation to assist you. SQLAlchemy +has fantastic documentation, but it can be a bit overwhelming. Everything you +require for this assignment is on one or more of the pages linked above. + +As you define this new model for our application, make frequent commits to your +github repository. Remember to write meaningful commit messages. + +Don't be afraid to start up a Python interpreter and play with your model. Try +things out. Learn how this all works by making mistakes. Remember the +``pshell`` command and how we set up a session once the shell is running. + +Errors at the SQL level can sometimes leave your session unusable. To restore +it, use the ``session.rollback()`` method. You'll lose uncommitted changes, +but you'll gain a session that can be used again. + +.. nextslide:: Submitting Your Work + +I want to be able to review your code (and you want to be able to share it). + +To submit this assignment, you'll need to add this learning_journal repository +to GitHub. + +On the GitHub website you can create a new repository. Set it up to be +completely empty. Name it ``learning_journal`` and give it any description you +like. + +When you've created an empty repository in GitHub, you should see a set of +directions for connecting it to a repository that you've already built. Follow +those instructions to connect your emtpy GitHub repository as the ``origin`` +remote to your ``learning_journal`` repository on your machine. + +Finally, push your ``master`` branch to your new ``origin`` remote on GitHub. + +When you are done, send me an email with the URL for your new repository. + +.. nextslide:: + +**Our work next week will assume that you have completed this assignment** + +Do not delay working on this until the last moment. + +Do not skip this assignment. + +Do ask questions frequently via email (use the `class google group`_). + +See you next week! + +.. _class google group: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/programming-in-python diff --git a/source/presentations/session06.rst b/source/presentations/session06.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..652e1af8 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/presentations/session06.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1588 @@ +.. slideconf:: + :autoslides: True + +********** +Session 06 +********** + +.. image:: /_static/lj_entry.png + :width: 65% + :align: center + +Interacting with Data +===================== + +**Wherein we learn to display our data, and to create and edit it too!** + + +But First +--------- + +Last week we discussed the **model** part of the *MVC* application design +pattern. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We set up a project using the `Pyramid`_ web framework and the `SQLAlchemy`_ + library for persisting our data to a database. + + We looked at how to define a simple model by investigating the demo model + created on our behalf. + + And we went over, briefly, the way we can interact with this model at the + command line to make sure we've got it right. + + Finally, we defined what attributes a learning journal entry would have, + and a pair of methods we think we will need to make the model complete. + +.. _Pyramid: http://www.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/about +.. _SQLAlchemy: http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_0_9/ + +Our Data Model +-------------- + +Over the last week, your assignment was to create the new model. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Did you get that done? + + If not, what stopped you? + + Let's take a few minutes here to answer questions about this task so you + are more comfortable. + + Questions? + +.. nextslide:: A Complete Example + +I've added a working ``models.py`` file to our `class repository`_ in the +``resources/session06/`` folder. + +Let's review how it works. + +.. _class repository: https://github.com/UWPCE-PythonCert/training.python_web/tree/master/resources/session06 + +.. nextslide:: Demo Interaction + +I've also made a few small changes to make the ``pshell`` command a bit more +helpful. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + In ``learning_journal/__init__.py`` I added the following function: + + .. code-block:: python + + def create_session(settings): + from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker + engine = engine_from_config(settings, 'sqlalchemy.') + Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) + return Session() + + Then, in ``development.ini`` I added the following configuration: + + .. code-block:: ini + + [pshell] + create_session = learning_journal.create_session + entry = learning_journal.models.Entry + +.. nextslide:: Using the new ``pshell`` + +Here's a demo interaction using ``pshell`` with these new features: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + First ``cd`` to your project code, fire up your project virtualenv and + start python: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ cd projects/learning-journal/learning_journal + $ source ../ljenv/bin/activate + (ljenv)$ pshell development.ini + Python 3.5.0 (default, Sep 16 2015, 10:42:55) + ... + Environment: + app The WSGI application. + ... + Custom Variables: + create_session learning_journal.create_session + entry learning_journal.models.Entry + + In [1]: session = create_session(registry.settings) + + [demo] + +The MVC Controller +================== + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + Let's go back to thinking for a bit about the *Model-View-Controller* + pattern. + + .. figure:: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/MVC_passive_view.png + :align: center + :width: 25% + + By Alan Evangelista (Own work) [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + We talked last week (and today) about the *model* + + Today, we'll dig into *controllers* and *views* + + or as we will know them in Pyramid: *views* and *renderers* + + +HTTP Request/Response +--------------------- + +Internet software is driven by the HTTP Request/Response cycle. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + A *client* (perhaps a user with a web browser) makes a **request** + + A *server* receives and handles that request and returns a **response** + + The *client* receives the response and views it, perhaps making a new + **request** + + And around and around it goes. + +.. nextslide:: URLs + +An HTTP request arrives at a server through the magic of a **URL** + +.. code-block:: bash + + http://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/training.python_web/html/index.html + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Let's break that up into its constituent parts: + + .. rst-class:: build + + \http://: + This part is the *protocol*, it determines how the request will be sent + + uwpce-pythoncert.github.io: + This is a *domain name*. It's the human-facing address for a server + somewhere. + + /training.python_web/html/index.html: + This part is the *path*. It serves as a locator for a resource *on the + server* + +.. nextslide:: Paths + +In a static website (like our documentation) the *path* identifies a **physical +location** in the server's filesystem. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Some directory on the server is the *home* for the web process, and the + *path* is looked up there. + + Whatever resource (a file, an image, whatever) is located there is returned + to the user as a response. + + If the path leads to a location that doesn't exist, the server responds + with a **404 Not Found** error. + + In the golden days of yore, this was the only way content was served via + HTTP. + +.. nextslide:: Paths in an MVC System + +In todays world we have dynamic systems, server-side web frameworks like +Pyramid. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The requests that you send to a server are handled by a software process + that assembles a response instead of looking up a physical location. + + But we still have URLs, with *protocol*, *domain* and *path*. + + What is the role for a path in a process that doesn't refer to a physical + file system? + + Most web frameworks now call the *path* a **route**. + + They provide a way of matching *routes* to the code that will be run to + handle requests. + +Routes in Pyramid +----------------- + +In Pyramid, routes are handled as *configuration* and are set up in the *main* +function in ``__init__.py``: + +.. code-block:: python + + # learning_journal/__init__.py + def main(global_config, **settings): + # ... + config.add_route('home', '/') + # ... + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Our code template created a sample route for us, using the ``add_route`` + method of the ``Configurator`` class. + + The ``add_route`` method has two required arguments: a *name* and a + *pattern* + + In our sample route, the *name* is ``'home'`` + + In our sample route, the *pattern* is ``'/'`` + +.. nextslide:: + +When a request comes in to a Pyramid application, the framework looks at all +the *routes* that have been configured. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + One by one, in order, it tries to match the *path* of the incoming request + against the *pattern* of the route. + + As soon as a *pattern* matches the *path* from the incoming request, that + route is used and no further matching is performed. + + If no route is found that matches, then the request will automatically get + a **404 Not Found** error response. + + In our sample app, we have one sample *route* named ``'home'``, with a + pattern of ``/``. + + This means that any request that comes in for ``/`` will be matched to this + route, and any other request will be **404**. + +.. nextslide:: Routes as API + +In a very real sense, the *routes* defined in an application *are* the public +API. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Any route that is present represents something the user can do. + + Any route that is not present is something the user cannot do. + + You can use the proper definition of routes to help conceptualize what your + app will do. + + What routes might we want for a learning journal application? + + What will our application do? + +.. nextslide:: Defining our Routes + +Let's add routes for our application. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Open ``learning_journal/__init__.py``. + + For our list page, the existing ``'home'`` route will do fine, leave it. + + Add the following two routes: + + .. code-block:: python + + config.add_route('home', '/') # already there + config.add_route('detail', '/journal/{id:\d+}') + config.add_route('action', '/journal/{action}') + + The ``'detail'`` route will serve a single journal entry, identified by an + ``id``. + + The ``action`` route will serve ``create`` and ``edit`` views, depending on + the ``action`` specified. + + In both cases, we want to capture a portion of the matched path to use + information it provides. + +.. nextslide:: Matching an ID + +In a pattern, you can capture a ``path segment`` *replacement +marker*, a valid Python symbol surrounded by curly braces: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + :: + + /home/{foo}/ + + If you want to match a particular pattern, like digits only, add a + *regular expression*:: + + /journal/{id:\d+} + + Matched path segments are captured in a ``matchdict``:: + + # pattern # actual url # matchdict + /journal/{id:\d+} /journal/27 {'id': '27'} + + The ``matchdict`` is made available as an attribute of the *request object* + + (more on that soon) + + +.. nextslide:: Connecting Routes to Views + +In Pyramid, a *route* is connected by configuration to a *view*. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + In our app, a sample view has been created for us, in ``views.py``: + + .. code-block:: python + + @view_config(route_name='home', renderer='templates/mytemplate.pt') + def my_view(request): + # ... + + The order in which *routes* are configured *is important*, so that must be + done in ``__init__.py``. + + The order in which views are connected to routes *is not important*, so the + *declarative* ``@view_config`` decorator can be used. + + When ``config.scan`` is called, all files in our application are searched + for such *declarative configuration* and it is added. + +The Pyramid View +---------------- + +Let's imagine that a *request* has come to our application for the path +``'/'``. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The framework made a match of that path to a *route* with the pattern ``'/'``. + + Configuration connected that route to a *view* in our application. + + Now, the view that was connected will be *called*, which brings us to the + nature of *views* + + .. rst-class:: centered + + --A Pyramid view is a *callable* that takes *request* as an argument-- + + Remember what a *callable* is? + +.. nextslide:: What the View Does + +So, a *view* is a callable that takes the *request* as an argument. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It can then use information from that request to build appropriate data, + perhaps using the application's *models*. + + Then, it returns the data it assembled, passing it on to a `renderer`_. + + Which *renderer* to use is determined, again, by configuration: + + .. code-block:: python + + @view_config(route_name='home', renderer='templates/mytemplate.pt') + def my_view(request): + # ... + + More about this in a moment. + + The *view* stands at the intersection of *input data*, the application + *model* and *renderers* that offer rendering of the results. + + It is the *Controller* in our MVC application. + +.. _renderer: http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/1.5-branch/narr/renderers.html + + +.. nextslide:: Adding Stub Views + +Add temporary views to our application in ``views.py`` (and comment out the +sample view): + +.. code-block:: python + + @view_config(route_name='home', renderer='string') + def index_page(request): + return 'list page' + + @view_config(route_name='detail', renderer='string') + def view(request): + return 'detail page' + + @view_config(route_name='action', match_param='action=create', renderer='string') + def create(request): + return 'create page' + + @view_config(route_name='action', match_param='action=edit', renderer='string') + def update(request): + return 'edit page' + +.. nextslide:: Testing Our Views + +Now we can verify that our view configuration has worked. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Make sure your virtualenv is properly activated, and start the web server: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pserve development.ini + Starting server in PID 84467. + serving on http://0.0.0.0:6543 + + Then try viewing some of the expected application urls: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * http://localhost:6543/ + * http://localhost:6543/journal/1 + * http://localhost:6543/journal/create + * http://localhost:6543/journal/edit + + What happens if you visit a URL that *isn't* in our configuration? + +.. nextslide:: Interacting With the Model + +Now that we've got temporary views that work, we can fix them to get +information from our database + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We'll begin with the list view. + + We need some code that will fetch all the journal entries we've written, in + reverse order, and hand that collection back for rendering. + + .. code-block:: python + + from .models import ( + DBSession, + MyModel, + Entry, # <- Add this import + ) + + # and update this view function + def index_page(request): + entries = Entry.all() + return {'entries': entries} + +.. nextslide:: Using the ``matchdict`` + +Next, we want to write the view for a single entry. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We'll need to use the ``id`` value our route captures into the + ``matchdict``. + + Remember that the ``matchdict`` is an attribute of the request. + + We'll get the ``id`` from there, and use it to get the correct entry. + + .. code-block:: python + + # add this import at the top + from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound + + # and update this view function: + def view(request): + this_id = request.matchdict.get('id', -1) + entry = Entry.by_id(this_id) + if not entry: + return HTTPNotFound() + return {'entry': entry} + +.. nextslide:: Testing Our Views + +We can now verify that these views work correctly. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Make sure your virtualenv is properly activated, and start the web server: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pserve development.ini + Starting server in PID 84467. + serving on http://0.0.0.0:6543 + + Then try viewing the list page and an entry page: + + * http://localhost:6543 + * http://localhost:6543/journal/1 + + What happens when you request an entry with an id that isn't in the + database? + + * http://localhost:6543/journal/100 + +The MVC View +============ + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + Again, back to the *Model-View-Controller* pattern. + + .. figure:: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/MVC_passive_view.png + :align: center + :width: 25% + + By Alan Evangelista (Own work) [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + We've built a *model* and we've created some *controllers* that use it. + + In Pyramid, we call *controllers* **views** and they are callables that + take *request* as an argument. + + Let's turn to the last piece of the *MVC* patter, the *view* + +Presenting Data +--------------- + +The job of the *view* in the *MVC* pattern is to present data in a format that +is readable to the user of the system. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + There are many ways to present data. + + Some are readable by humans (tables, charts, graphs, HTML pages, text + files). + + Some are more for machines (xml files, csv, json). + + Which of these formats is the *right one* depends on your purpose. + + What is the purpose of our learning journal? + +Pyramid Renderers +----------------- + +In Pyramid, the job of presenting data is performed by a *renderer*. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + So we can consider the Pyramid **renderer** to be the *view* in our *MVC* + app. + + We've already seen how we can connect a *renderer* to a Pyramid *view* with + configuration. + + In fact, we have already done so, using a built-in renderer called + ``'string'``. + + This renderer converts the return value of its *view* to a string and sends + that back to the client as an HTTP response. + + But the result isn't so nice looking. + +.. nextslide:: Template Renderers + +The `built-in renderers` (``'string'``, ``'json'``, ``'jsonp'``) in Pyramid are +not the only ones available. + +.. _built-in renderers: http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/1.5-branch/narr/renderers.html#built-in-renderers + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + There are add-ons to Pyramid that support using various *template + languages* as renderers. + + In fact, one of these was installed by default when you created this + project. + +.. nextslide:: Configuring a Template Renderer + +.. code-block:: python + + # in setup.py + requires = [ + # ... + 'pyramid_chameleon', + # ... + ] + + # in learning_journal/__init__.py + def main(global_config, **settings): + # ... + config.include('pyramid_chameleon') + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The `pyramid_chameleon` package supports using the `chameleon` template + language. + + The language is quite nice and powerful, but not so easy to learn. + + Let's use a different one, *jinja2* + +.. nextslide:: Changing Template Renderers + +Change ``pyramid_chameleon`` to ``pyramid_jinja2`` in both of these files: + +.. code-block:: python + + # in setup.py + requires = [ + # ... + 'pyramid_jinja2', + # ... + ] + + # in learning_journal/__init__.py + def main(global_config, **settings): + # ... + config.include('pyramid_jinja2') + +.. nextslide:: Picking up the Changes + +We've changed the dependencies for our Pyramid project. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + As a result, we will need to re-install it so the new dependencies are also + installed: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ python setup.py develop + ... + Finished processing dependencies for learning-journal==0.0 + (ljenv)$ + + Now, we can use *Jinja2* templates in our project. + + Let's learn a bit about how `Jinja2 templates`_ work. + +.. _Jinja2 templates: http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/templates/ + +Jinja2 Template Basics +---------------------- + +We'll start with the absolute basics. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Fire up an iPython interpreter, using your `ljenv` virtualenv: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ ipython + ... + In [1]: + + Then import the ``Template`` class from the ``jinja2`` package: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [1]: from jinja2 import Template + +.. nextslide:: Templates are Strings + +A template is constructed with a simple string: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [2]: t1 = Template("Hello {{ name }}, how are you") + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Here, we've simply typed the string directly, but it is more common to + build a template from the contents of a *file*. + + Notice that our string has some odd stuff in it: ``{{ name }}``. + + This is called a *placeholder* and when the template is *rendered* it is + replaced. + +.. nextslide:: Rendering a Template + +Call the ``render`` method, providing *context*: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [3]: t1.render(name="Freddy") + Out[3]: 'Hello Freddy, how are you' + In [4]: t1.render(name="Gloria") + Out[4]: 'Hello Gloria, how are you' + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + *Context* can either be keyword arguments, or a dictionary + + Note the resemblance to something you've seen before: + + .. code-block:: python + + >>> "This is {owner}'s string".format(owner="Cris") + 'This is Cris's string' + + +.. nextslide:: Dictionaries in Context + +Dictionaries passed in as part of the *context* can be addressed with *either* +subscript or dotted notation: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [5]: person = {'first_name': 'Frank', + ...: 'last_name': 'Herbert'} + In [6]: t2 = Template("{{ person.last_name }}, {{ person['first_name'] }}") + In [7]: t2.render(person=person) + Out[7]: 'Herbert, Frank' + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Jinja2 will try the *correct* way first (attr for dotted, item for + subscript). +* If nothing is found, it will try the opposite. +* If nothing is found, it will return an *undefined* object. + + +.. nextslide:: Objects in Context + +The exact same is true of objects passed in as part of *context*: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [8]: t3 = Template("{{ obj.x }} + {{ obj['y'] }} = Fun!") + In [9]: class Game(object): + ...: x = 'babies' + ...: y = 'bubbles' + ...: + In [10]: bathtime = Game() + In [11]: t3.render(obj=bathtime) + Out[11]: 'babies + bubbles = Fun!' + + This means your templates can be agnostic as to the nature of the + things found in *context* + +.. nextslide:: Filtering values in Templates + +You can apply `filters`_ to the data passed in *context* with the pipe ('|') +operator: + +.. _filters: http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/dev/templates/#filters + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [12]: t4 = Template("shouted: {{ phrase|upper }}") + In [13]: t4.render(phrase="this is very important") + Out[13]: 'shouted: THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT' + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + You can also chain filters together: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [14]: t5 = Template("confusing: {{ phrase|upper|reverse }}") + In [15]: t5.render(phrase="howdy doody") + Out[15]: 'confusing: YDOOD YDWOH' + +.. nextslide:: Control Flow + +Logical `control structures`_ are also available: + +.. _control structures: http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/dev/templates/#list-of-control-structures + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + In [16]: tmpl = """ + ....: {% for item in list %}{{ item}}, {% endfor %} + ....: """ + In [17]: t6 = Template(tmpl) + In [18]: t6.render(list=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']) + Out[18]: '\na, b, c, d, e, ' + + Any control structure introduced in a template **must** be paired with an + explicit closing tag (``{% for %}...{% endfor %}``) + + Remember, although template tags like ``{% for %}`` or ``{% if %}`` look a + lot like Python, *they are not*. + + The syntax is specific and must be followed correctly. + +.. nextslide:: Template Tests + +There are a number of specialized *tests* available for use with the +``if...elif...else`` control structure: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [19]: tmpl = """ + ....: {% if phrase is upper %} + ....: {{ phrase|lower }} + ....: {% elif phrase is lower %} + ....: {{ phrase|upper }} + ....: {% else %}{{ phrase }}{% endif %}""" + In [20]: t7 = Template(tmpl) + In [21]: t7.render(phrase="FOO") + Out[21]: '\n\n foo\n' + In [22]: t7.render(phrase='bar') + Out[22]: '\n\n BAR\n' + In [23]: t7.render(phrase='This should print as-is') + Out[23]: '\nThis should print as-is' + + +.. nextslide:: Basic Expressions + +Basic `Python-like expressions`_ are also supported: + +.. _Python-like expressions: http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/dev/templates/#expressions + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [24]: tmpl = """ + ....: {% set sum = 0 %} + ....: {% for val in values %} + ....: {{ val }}: {{ sum + val }} + ....: {% set sum = sum + val %} + ....: {% endfor %} + ....: """ + In [25]: t8 = Template(tmpl) + In [26]: t8.render(values=range(1, 11)) + Out[26]: '\n\n\n1: 1\n \n\n2: 3\n \n\n3: 6\n \n\n4: 10\n + \n\n5: 15\n \n\n6: 21\n \n\n7: 28\n \n\n8: 36\n + \n\n9: 45\n \n\n10: 55\n \n\n' + + +Our Templates +------------- + +There's more that Jinja2 templates can do, but it will be easier to introduce +you to that in the context of a working template. So let's make some. + +.. nextslide:: Detail Template + +We have a Pyramid view that returns a single entry. Let's create a template to +show it. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + In ``learning_journal/templates`` create a new file ``detail.jinja2``: + + .. code-block:: jinja + + <article> + <h1>{{ entry.title }}</h1> + <hr/> + <p>{{ entry.body }}</p> + <hr/> + <p>Created <strong title="{{ entry.created }}">{{entry.created}}</strong></p> + </article> + + Then wire it up to the detail view in ``views.py``: + + .. code-block:: ipython + + # views.py + @view_config(route_name='detail', renderer='templates/detail.jinja2') + def view(request): + # ... + +.. nextslide:: Try It Out + +Now we should be able to see some rendered HTML for our journal entry details. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Start up your server: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pserve development.ini + Starting server in PID 90536. + serving on http://0.0.0.0:6543 + + Then try viewing an individual journal entry + + * http://localhost:6543/journal/1 + +.. nextslide:: Listing Page + +The index page of our journal should show a list of journal entries, let's do +that next. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + In ``learning_journal/templates`` create a new file ``list.jinja2``: + + .. code-block:: jinja + + {% if entries %} + <h2>Journal Entries</h2> + <ul> + {% for entry in entries %} + <li> + <a href="{{ request.route_url('detail', id=entry.id) }}">{{ entry.title }}</a> + </li> + {% endfor %} + </ul> + {% else %} + <p>This journal is empty</p> + {% endif %} + +.. nextslide:: + +It's worth taking a look at a few specifics of this template. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: jinja + + {% for entry in entries %} + ... + {% endfor %} + + Jinja2 templates are rendered with a *context*. + + A Pyramid *view* returns a dictionary, which is passed to the renderer as + part of of that *context* + + This means we can access values we return from our *view* in the *renderer* + using the names we assigned to them. + +.. nextslide:: + +It's worth taking a look at a few specifics of this template. + + .. code-block:: jinja + + <a href="{{ request.route_url('detail', id=entry.id) }}">{{ entry.title }}</a> + + The *request* object is also placed in the context by Pyramid. + + Request has a method ``route_url`` that will create a URL for a named + route. + + This allows you to include URLs in your template without needing to know + exactly what they will be. + + This process is called *reversing*, since it's a bit like a reverse phone + book lookup. + +.. nextslide:: + +Finally, you'll need to connect this new renderer to your listing view: + +.. code-block:: python + + @view_config(route_name='home', renderer='templates/list.jinja2') + def index_page(request): + # ... + +.. nextslide:: Try It Out + +We can now see our list page too. Let's try starting the server: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pserve development.ini + Starting server in PID 90536. + serving on http://0.0.0.0:6543 + + Then try viewing the home page of your journal: + + * http://localhost:6543/ + + Click on the link to an entry, it should work. + +.. nextslide:: Sharing Structure + +These views are reasonable, if quite plain. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It'd be nice to put them into something that looks a bit more like a + website. + + Jinja2 allows you to combine templates using something called + `template inheritance`_. + + You can create a basic page structure, and then *inherit* that structure in + other templates. + + In our class resources I've added a page template ``layout.jinja2``. Copy + that page to your templates directory + +.. _template inheritance: http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/dev/templates/#template-inheritance + +.. nextslide:: ``layout.jinja2`` + +.. code-block:: jinja + + <!DOCTYPE html> + <html lang="en"> + <head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <title>Python Learning Journal + + + +
          + +
          +
          +

          My Python Journal

          +
          {% block body %}{% endblock %}
          +
          +

          Created in the UW PCE Python Certificate Program

          + + + +.. nextslide:: Template Blocks + +The important part here is the ``{% block body %}{% endblock %}`` expression. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This is a template **block** and it is a kind of placeholder. + + Other templates can inherit from this one, and fill that block with + additional HTML. + + Let's update our detail and list templates: + + .. code-block:: jinja + + {% extends "layout.jinja2" %} + {% block body %} + + {% endblock %} + +.. nextslide:: Try It Out + +Let's try starting the server so we can see the result: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pserve development.ini + Starting server in PID 90536. + serving on http://0.0.0.0:6543 + + Then try viewing the home page of your journal: + + * http://localhost:6543/ + + Click on the link to an entry, it should work. + + And now you have shared page structure that is in both. + +Static Assets +------------- + +Although we have a shared structure, it isn't particularly nice to look at. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Aspects of how a website looks are controlled by CSS (*Cascading Style + Sheets*). + + Stylesheets are one of what we generally speak of as *static assets*. + + Other static assets include *images* that are part of the look and feel of + the site (logos, button images, etc) and the *JavaScript* files that add + client-side dynamic behavior to the site. + +.. nextslide:: Static Assets in Pyramid + +Serving static assets in Pyramid requires a *static view* to configuration. +Luckily, ``pcreate`` already handled that for us: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: python + + # in learning_journal/__init__.py + def main(global_config, **settings): + # ... + config.add_static_view('static', 'static', cache_max_age=3600) + # ... + + The first argument to ``add_static_view`` is a *name* that will need to + appear in the path of URLs requesting assets. + + The second argument is a *path* that is relative to the package being + configured. + + Assets referenced by the *name* in a URL will be searched for in the + location defined by the *path* + + Additional keyword arguments control other aspects of how the view works. + +.. nextslide:: Static Assets in Templates + +Once you have a static view configured, you can use assets in that location in +templates. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The *request* object in Pyramid provides a ``static_path`` method that + will render an appropriate asset path for us. + + Add the following to our ``layout.jinja2`` template: + + .. code-block:: jinja + + + + + + + The one required argument to ``request.static_path`` is a *path* to an + asset. + + Note that because any package *might* define a static view, we have to + specify which package we want to look in. + + That's why we have ``learning_journal:static/styles.css`` in our call. + +.. nextslide:: Basic Styles + +I've created some very very basic styles for our learning journal. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + You can find them in ``resources/session06/styles.css``. Go ahead and copy + that file. + + Add it to ``learning_journal/static``. + + Then restart your web server and see what a difference a little style + makes: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pserve development.ini + Starting server in PID 90536. + serving on http://0.0.0.0:6543 + +.. nextslide:: The Outcome + +Your site should look something like this: + +.. figure:: /_static/learning_journal_styled.png + :align: center + :width: 75% + + The learning journal with basic styles applied + +Getting Interactive +=================== + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + We have a site that allows us to view a list of journal entries. + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + We can also view the details of a single entry. + + But as yet, we don't really have any *interaction* in our site yet. + + We can't create new entries. + + Let's add that functionality next. + +User Input +---------- + +In HTML websites, the traditional way of getting input from users is via +`HTML forms`_. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Forms use *input elements* to allow users to enter data, pick from + drop-down lists, or choose items via checkbox or radio button. + + It is possible to create plain HTML forms in templates and use them with + Pyramid. + + It's a lot easier, however, to work with a *form library* to create forms, + render them in templates and interact with data sent by a client. + + We'll be using a form library called `WTForms`_ in our project + +.. _HTML forms: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/HTML/Forms +.. _WTForms: http://wtforms.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ + +.. nextslide:: Installing WTForms + +The first step to working with this library is to install it. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Start by makin the library as a *dependency* of our package by adding it to + the *requires* list in ``setup.py``: + + .. code-block:: python + + requires = [ + # ... + 'wtforms', # <- add this to the list + ] + + Then, re-install our package to download and install the new dependency: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ python setup.py develop + ... + Finished processing dependencies for learning-journal==0.0 + +Using WTForms +------------- + +We'll want a form to allow a user to create a new Journal Entry. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Add a new file called ``forms.py`` in our learning_journal package, next to + ``models.py``: + + .. code-block:: python + + from wtforms import Form, TextField, TextAreaField, validators + + strip_filter = lambda x: x.strip() if x else None + + class EntryCreateForm(Form): + title = TextField( + 'Entry title', + [validators.Length(min=1, max=255)], + filters=[strip_filter]) + body = TextAreaField( + 'Entry body', + [validators.Length(min=1)], + filters=[strip_filter]) + +.. nextslide:: Using a Form in a View + +Next, we need to add a new view that uses this form to create a new entry. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Add this to ``views.py``: + + .. code-block:: python + + # add these imports + from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPFound + from .forms import EntryCreateForm + + # and update this view function + def create(request): + entry = Entry() + form = EntryCreateForm(request.POST) + if request.method == 'POST' and form.validate(): + form.populate_obj(entry) + DBSession.add(entry) + return HTTPFound(location=request.route_url('home')) + return {'form': form, 'action': request.matchdict.get('action')} + +.. nextslide:: Testing the Route/View Connection + +We already have a route that connects here. Let's test it. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Start your server: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pserve development.ini + Starting server in PID 90536. + serving on http://0.0.0.0:6543 + + And then try connecting to the ``action`` route: + + * http://localhost:6543/journal/create + + You should see something like this:: + + {'action': u'create', 'form': } + +.. nextslide:: Rendering A Form + +Finally, we need to create a template that will render our form. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Add a new template called ``edit.jinja2`` in + ``learning_journal/templates``: + + .. code-block:: jinja + + {% extends "templates/layout.jinja2" %} + {% block body %} +
          + {% for field in form %} + {% if field.errors %} +
            + {% for error in field.errors %} +
          • {{ error }}
            • + {% endfor %} +
          + {% endif %} +

          {{ field.label }}: {{ field }}

          + {% endfor %} +

          +
          + {% endblock %} + +.. nextslide:: Connecting the Renderer + +You'll need to update the view configuration to use this new renderer. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Update the configuration in ``learning_journal/views.py``: + + .. code-block:: python + + @view_config(route_name='action', match_param='action=create', + renderer='templates/edit.jinja2') + def create(request): + # ... + + And then you should be able to start your server and test: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pserve development.ini + Starting server in PID 90536. + serving on http://0.0.0.0:6543 + + * http://localhost:6543/journal/create + +.. nextslide:: Providing Access + +Great! Now you can add new entries to your journal. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + But in order to do so, you have to hand-enter the url. + + You should add a new link in the UI somewhere that helps you get there more + easily. + + Add the following to ``list.jinja2``: + + .. code-block:: jinja + + {% extends "layout.jinja2" %} + {% block body %} + {% if entries %} + ... + {% else %} + ... + {% endif %} + +

          New Entry

          + {% endblock %} + +Homework +======== + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + You have a website now that allows you to create, view and list journal + entries + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + However, there are still a few flaws in this system. + + You should be able to edit a journal entry that already exists, in case + you make a spelling error. + + It would also be nice to see a prettier site. + + Let's handle that for homework this week. + +Part 1: Add Editing +------------------- + +For part one of your assignment, add editing of existing entries. You will need: + +* A form that shows an existing entry (what is different about this form from + one for creating a new entry?) +* A pyramid view that handles that form. It should: + + * Show the form with the requested entry when the page is first loaded + * Accept edits only on POST + * Update an existing entry with new data from the form + * Show the view of the entry after editing so that the user can see the edits + saved correctly + * Show errors from form validation, if any are present + +* A link somewhere that leads to the editing page for a single entry (probably + on the view page for a entry) + +You'll need to update a bit of configuration, but not much. Use the create +form we did here in class as an example. + +Part 2: Make it Yours +--------------------- + +I've created for you a very bare-bones layout and stylesheet. + +You will certainly want to add a bit of your own style and panache. + +Spend a few hours this week playing with the styles and getting a site that +looks more like you want it to look. + +The Mozilla Developer Network has `some excellent resources`_ for learning CSS. + +In particular, the `Getting Started with CSS`_ tutorial is a thorough +introduction to the basics. + +You might also look at their `CSS 3 Demos`_ to help fire up your creative +juices. + +Here are a few more resources: + +* `A List Apart `_ offers outstanding articles. Their + `Topics list `_ is worth a browse. +* `Smashing Magazine `_ is another excellent + resource for articles on design. + +.. _some excellent resources: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS +.. _Getting Started with CSS: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/Getting_Started +.. _CSS 3 Demos: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/demos/tag/tech:css3 + + +Part 3: User Model +------------------ + +As it stands, our journal accepts entries from anyone who comes by. + +Next week we will add security to allow only logged-in users to create and edit +entries. + +To do so, we'll need a user model + +The model should have: + +* An ``id`` field that is a primary key +* A ``username`` field that is unicode, no more than 255 characters, not + nullable, unique and indexed. +* A ``password`` field that is unicode and not nullable + +In addition, the model should have a classmethod that retrieves a specific user +when given a username. + +Part 4: Preparation for Deployment +---------------------------------- + +At the end of class next week we will be deploying our application to Heroku. + +You will need to get a free account. + +Once you have your free account set up and you have logged in, run through the +`getting started with Python`_ tutorial. + +Be sure to at least complete the *set up* step. It will have you install the +Heroku Toolbelt, which you will need to have ready in class. + +.. _getting started with Python: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-python#introduction + +Submitting Your Work +-------------------- + +As usual, submit your work by committing and pushing it to your project github +repository + +Commit early and commit often. + +Write yourself good commit messages explaining what you have done and why. + +When you are ready to have your work reviewed, email the link to your +repository to us, we'll take a look and make comments. diff --git a/source/presentations/session07.rst b/source/presentations/session07.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..787bf014 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/presentations/session07.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1889 @@ +********** +Session 07 +********** + +.. figure:: /_static/no_entry.jpg + :align: center + :width: 60% + + By `Joel Kramer via Flickr`_ + +.. _Joel Kramer via Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/75001512@N00/2707796203 + +Security And Deployment +======================= + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + By the end of this session we'll have deployed our learning journal to a + public server. + + So we will need to add a bit of security to it. + + We'll get started on that in a moment + +But First +--------- + +.. rst-class:: large center + +Questions About the Homework? + +.. nextslide:: A Working Edit Form + +.. code-block:: python + + class EntryEditForm(EntryCreateForm): + id = HiddenField() + +`View the form online `_ + +.. nextslide:: A Working Edit View + +.. code-block:: python + + @view_config(route_name='action', match_param='action=edit', + renderer='templates/edit.jinja2') + def update(request): + id = int(request.params.get('id', -1)) + entry = Entry.by_id(id) + if not entry: + return HTTPNotFound() + form = EntryEditForm(request.POST, entry) + if request.method == 'POST' and form.validate(): + form.populate_obj(entry) + return HTTPFound(location=request.route_url('detail', id=entry.id)) + return {'form': form, 'action': request.matchdict.get('action')} + +`See this view online `_ + +.. nextslide:: Linking to the Edit Form + +.. code-block:: html+jinja + + {% extends "layout.jinja2" %} + {% block body %} +
          + +
          +

          + Go Back :: + + Edit Entry +

          + {% endblock %} + + +`View this template online `_ + +.. nextslide:: A Working User Model + +.. code-block:: python + + class User(Base): + __tablename__ = 'users' + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True) + name = Column(Unicode(255), unique=True, nullable=False) + password = Column(Unicode(255), nullable=False) + + @classmethod + def by_name(cls, name): + return DBSession.query(cls).filter(cls.name == name).first() + +`View this model online `_ + +Securing An Application +======================= + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + We've got a solid start on our learning journal. + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + We can: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * view a list of entries + * view a single entry + * create a new entry + * edit existing entries + + But so can everyone who visits the journal. + + It's a recipe for **TOTAL CHAOS** + + Let's lock it down a bit. + + +AuthN and AuthZ +--------------- + +There are two aspects to the process of access control online. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * **Authentication**: Verification of the identity of a *principal* + * **Authorization**: Enumeration of the rights of that *principal* in a + context. + + Think of them as **Who Am I** and **What Can I Do** + + All systems with access control involve both of these aspects. + + But many systems wire them together as one. + + +.. nextslide:: Pyramid Security + +In Pyramid these two aspects are handled by separate configuration settings: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * ``config.set_authentication_policy(AuthnPolicy())`` + * ``config.set_authorization_policy(AuthzPolicy())`` + + If you set one, you must set the other. + + Pyramid comes with a few policy classes included. + + You can also roll your own, so long as they fulfill the requried interface. + + You can learn about the interfaces for `authentication`_ and + `authorization`_ in the Pyramid documentation + +.. _authentication: http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/latest/api/interfaces.html#pyramid.interfaces.IAuthenticationPolicy +.. _authorization: http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/latest/api/interfaces.html#pyramid.interfaces.IAuthorizationPolicy + +.. nextslide:: Our Journal Security + +We'll be using two built-in policies today: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * ``AuthTktAuthenticationPolicy``: sets an expirable + `authentication ticket`_ cookie. + * ``ACLAuthorizationPolicy``: uses an `Access Control List`_ to grant + permissions to *principals* + + Our access control system will have the following properties: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Everyone can view entries, and the list of all entries + * Users who log in may edit entries or create new ones + +.. _authentication ticket: http://docs.pylonsproject.org/docs/pyramid/en/latest/api/authentication.html#pyramid.authentication.AuthTktAuthenticationPolicy +.. _Access Control List: http://docs.pylonsproject.org/docs/pyramid/en/latest/api/authorization.html#pyramid.authorization.ACLAuthorizationPolicy + +.. nextslide:: Engaging Security + +By default, Pyramid uses no security. We enable it through configuration. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Open ``learning_journal/__init__.py`` and update it as follows: + + .. code-block:: python + + # add these imports + from pyramid.authentication import AuthTktAuthenticationPolicy + from pyramid.authorization import ACLAuthorizationPolicy + # and add this configuration: + def main(global_config, **settings): + # ... + # update building the configurator to pass in our policies + config = Configurator( + settings=settings, + authentication_policy=AuthTktAuthenticationPolicy('somesecret'), + authorization_policy=ACLAuthorizationPolicy(), + default_permission='view' + ) + # ... + +.. nextslide:: Verify It Worked + +We've now informed our application that we want to use security. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + By default we require the 'view' permission to see anything. + + But we have yet to assign *any permissions to anyone* at all. + + Let's verify now that we are unable to see anything in the website. + + Start your application, and try to view any page (You should get a 403 + Forbidden error response): + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pserve development.ini + Starting server in PID 84467. + serving on http://0.0.0.0:6543 + + .. rst-class:: build + + * http://localhost:6543/ + * http://localhost:6543/journal/1 + * http://localhost:6543/journal/create + * http://localhost:6543/journal/edit?id=1 + +Implementing Authz +------------------ + +Next we have to grant some permissions to principals. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Pyramid authorization relies on a concept it calls "context". + + A *principal* can be granted rights in a particular *context* + + Context can be made as specific as a single persistent object + + Or it can be generalized to a *route* or *view* + + To have a context, we need a Python object called a *factory* that must + have an ``__acl__`` special attribute. + + The framework will use this object to determine what permissions a + *principal* has + + Let's create one + +.. nextslide:: Add ``security.py`` + +In the same folder where you have ``models.py`` and ``views.py``, add a new +file ``security.py`` + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: python + + from pyramid.security import Allow, Everyone, Authenticated + + class EntryFactory(object): + __acl__ = [ + (Allow, Everyone, 'view'), + (Allow, Authenticated, 'create'), + (Allow, Authenticated, 'edit'), + ] + def __init__(self, request): + pass + + The ``__acl__`` attribute of this object contains a list of *ACE*\ s + + An *ACE* combines an *action* (Allow, Deny), a *principal* and a *permission* + +.. nextslide:: Using Our Context Factory + +Now that we have a factory that will provide context for permissions to work, +we can tell our configuration to use it. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Open ``learning_journal/__init__.py`` and update the route configuration + for our routes: + + .. code-block:: python + + # add an import at the top: + from .security import EntryFactory + # update the route configurations: + def main(global_config, **settings): + """ This function returns a Pyramid WSGI application. + """ + # ... Add the factory keyword argument to our route configurations: + config.add_route('home', '/', factory=EntryFactory) + config.add_route('detail', '/journal/{id:\d+}', factory=EntryFactory) + config.add_route('action', '/journal/{action}', factory=EntryFactory) + +.. nextslide:: What We've Done + +We've now told our application we want a principal to have the *view* +permission by default. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + And we've provided a factory to supply context and an ACL for each route. + + Check our ACL. Who can view the home page? The detail page? The action + pages? + + Pyramid allows us to set a *default_permission* for *all views*\ . + + But view configuration allows us to require a different permission for *a view*\ . + + Let's make our action views require appropriate permissions next + +.. nextslide:: Requiring Permissions for a View + +Open ``learning_journal/views.py``, and edit the ``@view_config`` for +``create`` and ``update``: + +.. code-block:: python + + @view_config(route_name='action', match_param='action=create', + renderer='templates/edit.jinja2', + permission='create') # <-- ADD THIS + def create(request): + # ... + + @view_config(route_name='action', match_param='action=edit', + renderer='templates/edit.jinja2', + permission='edit') # <-- ADD THIS + def update(request): + # ... + +.. nextslide:: Verify It Worked + +At this point, our "action" views should require permissions other than the +default ``view``. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Start your application and verify that it is true: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pserve development.ini + Starting server in PID 84467. + serving on http://0.0.0.0:6543 + + .. rst-class:: build + + * http://localhost:6543/ + * http://localhost:6543/journal/1 + * http://localhost:6543/journal/create + * http://localhost:6543/journal/edit?id=1 + + You should get a ``403 Forbidden`` for the action pages only. + +Implement AuthN +--------------- + +Now that we have authorization implemented, we need to add authentication. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + By providing the system with an *authenticated user*, our ACEs for + ``Authenticated`` will apply. + + We'll need to have a way for a user to prove who they are to the + satisfaction of the system. + + The most common way of handling this is through a *username* and + *password*. + + A person provides both in an html form. + + When the form is submitted, the system seeks a user with that name, and + compares the passwords. + + If there is no such user, or the password does not match, authentication + fails. + +.. nextslide:: An Example + +Let's imagine that Alice wants to authenticate with our website. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Her username is ``alice`` and her password is ``s3cr3t``. + + She fills these out in a form on our website and submits the form. + + Our website looks for a ``User`` object in the database with the username + ``alice``. + + Let's imagine that there is one, so our site next compares the value she + sent for her *password* to the value stored in the database. + + If her stored password is also ``s3cr3t``, then she is who she says she is. + + All set, right? + +.. nextslide:: Encryption + +The problem here is that the value we've stored for her password is in ``plain +text``. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This means that anyone could potentially steal our database and have access + to all our users' passwords. + + Instead, we should *encrypt* her password with a strong one-way hash. + + Then we can store the hashed value. + + When she provides the plain text password to us, we *encrypt* it the same + way, and compare the result to the stored value. + + If they match, then we know the value she provided is the same we used to + create the stored hash. + +.. nextslide:: Adding Encryption + +Python provides a number of libraries for implementing strong encryption. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + You should always use a well-known library for encryption. + + We'll use a good one called `Passlib`_. + + This library provides a number of different algorithms and a *context* that + implements a simple interface for each. + + .. code-block:: python + + from passlib.context import CryptContext + password_context = CryptContext(schemes=['pbkdf2_sha512']) + hashed = password_context.encrypt('password') + if password_context.verify('password', hashed): + print "It matched" + +.. _Passlib: https://pythonhosted.org/passlib/ + +.. nextslide:: Install Passlib + +To install a new package as a dependency, we add the package to our list in +``setup.py``. + +``Passlib`` provides a large number of different hashing schemes. Some (like +``bcrypt``) require underlying ``C`` extensions to be compiled. If you do not +have a ``C`` compiler, these extensions will be disabled. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: python + + requires = [ + ... + 'wtforms', + 'passlib', + ] + + Then, we re-install our package to pick up the new dependency: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ python setup.py develop + + *note* if you have a c compiler installed but not the Python dev headers, + this may not work. Let me know if you get errors. + +.. nextslide:: Using Passlib + +As noted above, the passlib library uses a ``context`` object to manage +passwords. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This object supports a lot of functionality, but the only API we care about + for this project is encrypting and verifying passwords. + + We'll create a single, global context to be used by our project. + + Since the ``User`` class is the component in our system that should have + the responsibility for password interactions, we'll create our context in + the same place it is defined. + + In ``learning_journal/models.py`` add the following code: + + .. code-block:: python + + # add an import at the top + from passlib.context import CryptContext + + # then lower down, make a context at module scope: + password_context = CryptContext(schemes=['pbkdf2_sha512']) + + +.. nextslide:: Comparing Passwords + +Now that we have a context object available, let's write an instance method for +our ``User`` class that uses it to verify a plaintext password: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Again, in ``learning_journal/models.py`` add the following to the ``User`` + class: + + .. code-block:: python + + # add this method to the User class: + class User(Base): + # ... + def verify_password(self, password): + return password_context.verify(password, self.password) + +.. nextslide:: Create a User + +We'll also need to have a user for our system. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We can use the database initialization script to create one for us. + + Open ``learning_journal/scripts/initialzedb.py``: + + .. code-block:: python + + from learning_journal.models import password_context + from learning_journal.models import User + # and update the main function like so: + def main(argv=sys.argv): + # ... + with transaction.manager: + # replace the code to create a MyModel instance + encrypted = password_context.encrypt('admin') + admin = User(name='admin', password=encrypted) + DBSession.add(admin) + +.. nextslide:: Rebuild the Database: + +In order to get our user created, we'll need to delete our database and +re-build it. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Make sure you are in the folder where ``setup.py`` appears. + + Then remove the sqlite database: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ rm *.sqlite + + And re-initialize: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ initialize_learning_journal_db development.ini + ... + 2015-01-17 16:43:55,237 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine][MainThread] + INSERT INTO users (name, password) VALUES (?, ?) + 2015-01-17 16:43:55,237 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine][MainThread] + ('admin', '$2a$10$4Z6RVNhTE21mPLJW5VeiVe0EG57gN/HOb7V7GUwIr4n1vE.wTTTzy') + +Providing Login UI +------------------ + +We now have a user in our database with a strongly encrypted password. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We also have a method on our user model that will verify a supplied + password against this encrypted version. + + We must now provide a view that lets us log in to our application. + + We start by adding a new *route* to our configuration in + ``learning_journal/__init__.py``: + + .. code-block:: python + + config.add_rount('action' ...) + # ADD THIS + config.add_route('auth', '/sign/{action}', factory=EntryFactory) + +.. nextslide:: A Login Form + +It would be nice to use the form library again to make a login form. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Open ``learning_journal/forms.py`` and add the following: + + .. code-block:: python + + # add an import: + from wtforms import PasswordField + # and a new form class + class LoginForm(Form): + username = TextField( + 'Username', [validators.Length(min=1, max=255)] + ) + password = PasswordField( + 'Password', [validators.Length(min=1, max=255)] + ) + + +.. nextslide:: Login View in ``learning_journal/views.py`` + +.. ifnotslides:: + + Next, we'll create a login view in ``learning_journal/views.py`` + +.. code-block:: python + + # new imports: + from pyramid.security import forget, remember + from .forms import LoginForm + from .models import User + # and a new view + @view_config(route_name='auth', match_param='action=in', renderer='string', + request_method='POST') + def sign_in(request): + login_form = None + if request.method == 'POST': + login_form = LoginForm(request.POST) + if login_form and login_form.validate(): + user = User.by_name(login_form.username.data) + if user and user.verify_password(login_form.password.data): + headers = remember(request, user.name) + else: + headers = forget(request) + else: + headers = forget(request) + return HTTPFound(location=request.route_url('home'), headers=headers) + +.. nextslide:: Where's the Renderer? + +Notice that this view doesn't render anything. No matter what, you end up +returning to the ``home`` route. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We have to incorporate our login form somewhere. + + The home page seems like a good place. + + But we don't want to show it all the time. + + Only when we aren't logged in already. + + Let's give that a whirl. + +.. nextslide:: Updating ``index_page`` + +Pyramid security provides a method that returns the id of the user who is +logged in, if any. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We can use that to update our home page in ``learning_journal/views.py``: + + .. code-block:: python + + # add an import: + from pyramid.security import authenticated_userid + + # and update the index_page view: + @view_config(...) + def index_page(request): + # ... get all entries here + form = None + if not authenticated_userid(request): + form = LoginForm() + return {'entries': entries, 'login_form': form} + +.. nextslide:: Update ``list.jinja2`` + +Now we have to update the template for the ``index_page`` to display the form, *if it is there* + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: jinja + + {% block body %} + {% if login_form %} + + {% endif %} + {% if entries %} + ... + +.. nextslide:: Try It Out + +We should be ready at this point. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Fire up your application and see it in action: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pserve development.ini + Starting server in PID 84467. + serving on http://0.0.0.0:6543 + + Load the home page and see your login form: + + * http://localhost:6543/ + + Fill it in and submit the form, verify that you can add a new entry. + +.. nextslide:: Break Time + +That's enough for now. We have a working application. + +When we return, we'll deploy it. + + +Deploying An Application +======================== + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + Now that we have a working application, our next step is to deploy it. + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + This will allow us to interact with the application in a live setting. + + We will be able to see the application from any computer, and can share + it with friends and family. + + To do this, we'll be using one of the most popular platforms for + deploying web applications today, `Heroku`_. + +.. _Heroku: http://heroku.com + +Heroku +------ + +.. figure:: /_static/heroku-logo.png + :align: center + :width: 40% + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Heroku provides all the infrastructure needed to run many types of + applications. + + It also provides `add-on services`_ that support everything from analytics + to payment processing. + + Elaborate applications deployed on Heroku can be quite expensive. + + But for simple applications like our learning journal, the price is just + right: **free** + +.. _add-on services: https://addons.heroku.com + +.. nextslide:: How Heroku Works + +Heroku is predicated on interaction with a git repository. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + You initialize a new Heroku app in a repository on your machine. + + This adds Heroku as a *remote* to your repository. + + When you are ready to deploy your application, you ``git push heroku + master``. + + Adding a few special files to your repository allows Heroku to tell what + kind of application you are creating. + + It responds to your push by running an appropriate build process and then + starting your app with a command you provide. + +Preparing to Run Your App +------------------------- + +In order for Heroku to deploy your application, it has to have a command it can +run from a standard shell. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We could use the ``pserve`` command we've been using locally, but the + server it uses is designed for development. + + It's not really suitable for a public deployment. + + Instead we'll use a more robust, production-ready server that came as one + of our dependencies: `waitress`_. + + We'll start by creating a python file that can be executed to start the + ``waitress`` server. + +.. _waitress: http://waitress.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ + +.. nextslide:: Creating ``runapp.py`` + +At the very top level of your application project, in the same folder where you +find ``setup.py``, create a new file: ``runapp.py`` + +.. code-block:: python + + import os + from paste.deploy import loadapp + from waitress import serve + + if __name__ == "__main__": + port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000)) + app = loadapp('config:production.ini', relative_to='.') + + serve(app, host='0.0.0.0', port=port) + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Once this exists, you can try running your app with it: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ python runapp.py + serving on http://0.0.0.0:5000 + +.. nextslide:: Running Via Shell + +This would be enough, but we also want to *install* our application as a Python +package. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This will ensure that the dependencies for the application are installed. + + Add a new file called simply ``run`` in the same folder: + + .. code-block:: bash + + #!/bin/bash + python setup.py develop + python runapp.py + + The first line of this file will install our application and its + dependencies. + + The second line will execute the server script. + +.. nextslide:: Build the Database + +We'll need to do the same thing for initializing the database. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Create another new file called ``build_db`` in the same folder: + + .. code-block:: bash + + #!/bin/bash + python setup.py develop + initialize_learning_journal_db production.ini + + Now, add ``run``, ``build_db`` and ``runapp.py`` to your repository and + commit the changes. + +.. nextslide:: Make it Executable + +For Heroku to use them, ``run`` and ``build_db`` must be *executable* + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + For OSX and Linux users this is easy (do the same for ``run`` and + ``build_db``): + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ chmod 755 run + + Windows users, if you have ``git-bash``, you can do the same + + For the rest of you, try this (for both ``run`` and ``build_db``): + + .. code-block:: posh + + C:\views\myproject>git ls-tree HEAD + ... + 100644 blob 55c0287d4ef21f15b97eb1f107451b88b479bffe run + C:\views\myproject>git update-index --chmod=+x run + C:\views\myproject>git ls-tree HEAD + 100755 blob 3689ebe2a18a1c8ec858cf531d8c0ec34c8405b4 run + + Commit your changes to git to make them permanent. + + +.. nextslide:: Procfile + +Next, we have to inform Heroku that we will be using this script to run our +application online + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Heroku uses a special file called ``Procfile`` to do this. + + Add that file now, in the same directory. + + .. code-block:: bash + + web: ./run + + This file tells Heroku that we have one ``web`` process to run, and that it + is the ``run`` script located right here. + + Providing the ``./`` at the start of the file name allows the shell to + execute scripts that are not on the system PATH. + + Add this new file to your repository and commit it. + + +.. nextslide:: Select a Python Version + +By default, Heroku uses the latest update of Python version 2.7 for any Python +app. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + You can override this and specify any runtime version of Python + `available in Heroku`_. + + Just add a file called ``runtime.txt`` to your repository, with one line + only: + + .. code-block:: ini + + python-3.5.0 + + Create that file, add it to your repository, and commit the changes. + +.. _available in Heroku: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/python-runtimes#supported-python-runtimes + + +Set Up a Heroku App +------------------- + +The next step is to create a new app with heroku. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + You installed the Heroku toolbelt prior to class. + + The toolbelt provides a command to create a new app. + + From the root of your project (where the ``setup.py`` file is) run: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ heroku create + Creating rocky-atoll-9934... done, stack is cedar-14 + https://rocky-atoll-9934.herokuapp.com/ | https://git.heroku.com/rocky-atoll-9934.git + Git remote heroku added + + Note that a new *remote* called ``heroku`` has been added: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ git remote -v + heroku https://git.heroku.com/rocky-atoll-9934.git (fetch) + heroku https://git.heroku.com/rocky-atoll-9934.git (push) + +.. nextslide:: Adding PostgreSQL + +Your application will require a database, but ``sqlite`` is not really +appropriate for production. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + For the deployed app, you'll use `PostgreSQL`_, the best open-source + database. + + Heroku `provides an add-on`_ that supports PostgreSQL, and you'll need to + set it up. + + Again, use the Heroku Toolbelt: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ heroku addons:create heroku-postgresql:hobby-dev + Creating postgresql-amorphous-6784... done, (free) + Adding postgresql-amorphous-6784 to rocky-atoll-9934... done + Setting DATABASE_URL and restarting rocky-atoll-9934... done, v3 + Database has been created and is available + ! This database is empty. If upgrading, you can transfer + ! data from another database with pg:copy + Use `heroku addons:docs heroku-postgresql` to view documentation. + +.. _PostgreSQL: http://www.postgresql.org +.. _provides an add-on: https://www.heroku.com/postgres + +.. nextslide:: PostgreSQL Settings + +You can get information about the status of your PostgreSQL service with the +toolbelt: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ heroku pg + === DATABASE_URL + Plan: Hobby-dev + ... + Data Size: 6.4 MB + Tables: 0 + Rows: 0/10000 (In compliance) + + And there is also information about the configuration for the database (and + your app): + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ heroku config + === rocky-atoll-9934 Config Vars + DATABASE_URL: postgres://:@:/ + +Configuration for Heroku +------------------------ + +Notice that the configuration for our application on Heroku provides a specific +database URL. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We could copy this value and paste it into our ``production.ini`` + configuration file. + + But if we do that, then we will be storing that value in GitHub, where + anyone at all can see it. + + That's not particularly secure. + + Luckily, Heroku provides configuration like the database URL in + *environment variables* that we can read in Python. + + In fact, we've already done this with our ``runapp.py`` script: + + .. code-block:: python + + port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000)) + +.. nextslide:: Adjusting Our DB Configuration + +The Python standard library provides ``os.environ`` to allow access to +*environment variables* from Python code. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This attribute is a dictionary keyed by the name of the variable. + + We can use it to gain access to configuration provided by Heroku. + + Update ``learning_journal/__init__.py`` like so: + + .. code-block:: python + + # import the os module: + import os + # then look up the value we need for the database url + def main(global_config, **settings): + # ... + if 'DATABASE_URL' in os.environ: + settings['sqlalchemy.url'] = os.environ['DATABASE_URL'] + engine = engine_from_config(settings, 'sqlalchemy.') + # ... + +.. nextslide:: Adjust ``initializedb.py`` + +We'll need to make the same changes to +``learning_journal/scripts/initializedb.py``: + +.. code-block:: python + + def main(argv=sys.argv): + # ... + settings = get_appsettings(config_uri, options=options) + if 'DATABASE_URL' in os.environ: + settings['sqlalchemy.url'] = os.environ['DATABASE_URL'] + engine = engine_from_config(settings, 'sqlalchemy.') + # ... + +.. nextslide:: Additional Security + +This mechanism allows us to defer other sensitive values such as the password +for our initial user: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: python + + # in learning_journal/scripts/initializedb.py + with transaction.manager: + password = os.environ.get('ADMIN_PASSWORD', 'admin') + encrypted = password_context.encrypt(password) + admin = User(name=u'admin', password=encrypted) + DBSession.add(admin) + + And for the secret value for our AuthTktAuthenticationPolicy + + .. code-block:: python + + # in learning_journal/__init__.py + def main(global_config, **settings): + # ... + secret = os.environ.get('AUTH_SECRET', 'somesecret') + ... + authentication_policy=AuthTktAuthenticationPolicy(secret) + # ... + +.. nextslide:: Heroku Config + +We will now be looking for three values from the OS environment: + +.. rst-class:: build + +* DATABASE_URL +* ADMIN_PASSWORD +* AUTH_SECRET + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The ``DATABASE_URL`` value is set for us by the PosgreSQL add-on. + + But the other two are not. We must set them ourselves using ``heroku + config:set``: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ heroku config:set ADMIN_PASSWORD= + ... + (ljenv)$ heroku config:set AUTH_SECRET= + ... + +.. nextslide:: Checking Configuration + +You can see the values that you have set at any time using ``heroku config``: + +.. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ heroku config + === rocky-atoll-9934 Config Vars + ADMIN_PASSWORD: + AUTH_SECRET: + DATABASE_URL: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + These values are sent and received using secure transport. + + You do not need to worry about them being intercepted. + + This mechanism allows you to place important configuration values outside + the code for your application. + +.. nextslide:: Installing Dependencies + +We've been handling our application's dependencies by adding them to +``setup.py``. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It's a good idea to install all of these before attempting to run our app. + + The ``pip`` package manager allows us to dump a list of the packages we've + installed in a virtual environment using the ``freeze`` command: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pip freeze + ... + zope.interface==4.1.3 + zope.sqlalchemy==0.7.6 + + We can tell heroku to install these dependencies by creating a file called + ``requirements.txt`` at the root of our project repository: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pip freeze > requirements.txt + + Add this file to your repository and commit the changes. + + +.. nextslide:: Heroku-specific Dependencies + +But there is also a new dependency we've added that is only needed for Heroku. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Because we are using a PostgreSQL database, we need to install the + ``psycopg2`` package, which handles communicating with the database. + + We don't want to install this locally, though, where we use sqlite. + + Go ahead and add one more line to ``requirements.txt`` with the latest + version of the ``pyscopg2`` package: + + .. code-block:: bash + + psycopg2==2.6.1 + + Commit the change to your repository. + +Deployment +---------- + +We are now ready to deploy our application. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + All we need to do is push our repository to the ``heroku`` master: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ git push heroku master + ... + remote: Building source: + remote: + remote: -----> Python app detected + ... + remote: Verifying deploy... done. + To https://git.heroku.com/rocky-atoll-9934.git + b59b7c3..54f7e4d master -> master + +.. nextslide:: Using ``heroku run`` + +You can use the ``run`` command to execute arbitrary commands in the Heroku +environment. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + You can use this to initialize the database, using the shell script you + created earlier: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ heroku run ./build_db + ... + + This will install our application and then run the database initialization + script. + +.. nextslide:: Test Your Results + +At this point, you should be ready to view your application online. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Use the ``open`` command from heroku to open your website in a browser: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ heroku open + + If you don't see your application, check to see if it is running: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ heroku ps + === web (1X): `./run` + web.1: up 2015/01/18 16:44:37 (~ 31m ago) + + If you get no results, use the ``scale`` command to try turning on a web + *dyno*: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ heroku scale web=1 + Scaling dynos... done, now running web at 1:1X. + +.. nextslide:: A Word About Scaling + +Heroku pricing is dependent on the number of *dynos* you are running. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + So long as you only run one dyno per application, you will remain in the + free tier. + + Scaling above one dyno will begin to incur costs. + + **Pay attention to the number of dynos you have running**. + +.. nextslide:: Troubleshooting + +Troubleshooting problems with Heroku deployment can be challenging. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Your most powerful tool is the ``logs`` command: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ heroku logs + ... + 2015-01-19T01:17:59.443720+00:00 app[web.1]: serving on http://0.0.0.0:53843 + 2015-01-19T01:17:59.505003+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to update + + This command will print the last 50 or so lines of logging from your + application. + + You can use the ``-t`` flag to *tail* the logs. + + This will continually update log entries to your terminal as you interact + with the application. + +.. nextslide:: Revel In Your Glory + +Try logging in to your application with the password you set up in Heroku +configuration. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Once you are logged in, try adding an entry or two. + + You are now off to the races! + + .. rst-class:: center + + **Congratulations** + +Adding Polish +============= + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + So we have now deployed a running application. + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + But there are a number of things we can do to make the application + better. + + Let's start by adding a way to log out. + + +Adding Logout +------------- + +Our ``login`` view is already set up to work for logout. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + What is the logical path taken if that view is accessed via ``GET``? + + All we need to do is add a view_config that allows that. + + Open ``learning_journal/views.py`` and make these changes: + + .. code-block:: python + + @view_config(route_name='auth', match_param='action=in', renderer='string', + request_method='POST') # <-- THIS IS ALREADY THERE + # ADD THE FOLLOWING LINE + @view_config(route_name='auth', match_param='action=out', renderer='string') + # UPDATE THE VIEW FUNCTION NAME + def sign_in_out(request): + # ... + +.. nextslide:: Re-Deploy + +The chief advantage of Heroku is that we can re-deploy with a single command. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Add and commit your changes to git. + + Then re-deploy by pushing to the ``heroku master``: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ git push heroku master + + Once that completes, you should be able to reload your application in the + browser. + + Visit the following URL path to test log out: + + * /sign/out + +Hide UI for Anonymous +--------------------- + +Another improvement we can make is to hide UI that is not available for users +who are not logged in. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The first step is to update our ``detail`` view to tell us if someone is + logged in: + + .. code-block:: python + + # learning_journal/views.py + @view_config(route_name='detail', renderer='templates/detail.jinja2') + def view(request): + # ... + logged_in = authenticated_userid(request) + return {'entry': entry, 'logged_in': logged_in} + + The ``authenticated_userid`` function returns the id of the logged in user, + if there is one, and ``None`` if there is not. + + We can use that. + +.. nextslide:: Hide "Create Entry" UI + +First we can hide the UI for creating a new entry: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Edit ``templates/list.jinja2``: + + .. code-block:: jinja + + {% extends "layout.jinja2" %} + {% block body %} + + {% if not login_form %} +

          New Entry

          + {% endif %} + {% endblock %} + + This relies on the fact that the login form will only be present if there + is **not** an authenticated user. + +.. nextslide:: Hide "Edit Entry" UI + +Next, we can hide the UI for editing an existing entry: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Edit ``templates/detail.jinja2``: + + .. code-block:: jinja + + {% extends "layout.jinja2" %} + {% block body %} + +

          + Go Back + {% if logged_in %} + :: + + Edit Entry + {% endif %} +

          + {% endblock %} + +Format Entries +-------------- + +It would be nice if our journal entries could have HTML formatting. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We could write HTML by hand in the body field, but that'd be a pain. + + Instead, let's allow ourselves to write entries `in Markdown`_, a popular + markup syntax used by GitHub and many other websites. + + .. _in Markdown: http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax + + Python provides several libraries that implement markdown formatting. + + They will take text that contains markdown formatting and convert it to + HTML. + + Let's use one. + +.. nextslide:: Adding the Dependency + +The first step, is to pick a package and add it to our dependencies. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + My recommendation is the `markdown`_ python library. + + Open ``setup.py`` and add the package to the ``requires`` list: + + .. code-block:: python + + requires = [ + # ... + 'cryptacular', + 'markdown', # <-- ADD THIS + ] + + We'll test this locally first, so go ahead and re-install your app: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ python setup.py develop + ... + Finished processing dependencies for learning-journal==0.0 + +.. _markdown: https://pythonhosted.org/Markdown/ + +.. nextslide:: Jinja2 Filters + +We've seen before how Jinja2 provides a number of filters for values when +rendering templates. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + A nice feature of the templating language is that it also allows you to + `create your own filters`_. + + Remember the template syntax for a filter: + + .. code-block:: jinja + + {{ value|filter(arg1, ..., argN) }} + + A filter is simply a function that takes the value to the left of the ``|`` + character as a first argument, and any supplied arguments as the second and + beyond: + + .. code-block:: python + + def filter(value, arg1, ..., argN): + # do something to value here + +.. _create your own filters: http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/dev/api/#custom-filters + +.. nextslide:: Our Markdown Filter + +Creating a ``markdown`` filter will allow us to convert plain text stored in +the database to HTML at template rendering time. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Open ``learning_journal/views.py`` and add the following: + + .. code-block:: python + + # add two imports: + from jinja2 import Markup + import markdown + # and a function + def render_markdown(content): + output = Markup(markdown.markdown(content)) + return output + + The ``Markup`` class from jinja2 marks a string with HTML tags as "safe". + + This prevents the tags from being *escaped* when they are rendered into a + page. + +.. nextslide:: Register the Filter + +In order for ``Jinja2`` to be aware that our filter exists, we need to register +it. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + In Pyramid, we do this in configuration. + + Open ``development.ini`` and edit it as follows: + + .. code-block:: ini + + [app:main] + ... + jinja2.filters = + markdown = learning_journal.views.render_markdown + + This informs the main app that we wish to register a jinja2 filter. + + We will call it ``markdown`` and it will be embodied by the function we + just wrote. + +.. nextslide:: Use Your Filter + +To see the results of our work, we'll need to use the filter in a template +somewhere. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + I suggest using it in the ``learning_journal/templates/detail.jinja2`` + template: + + .. code-block:: jinja + + {% extends "layout.jinja2" %} + {% block body %} +
          + +

          {{ entry.body|markdown }}

          + +
          +

          + + {% endblock %} + +.. nextslide:: Test Your Results + +Start up your application, and create an entry using valid markdown formatting: + +.. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pserve development.ini + Starting server in PID 84331. + serving on http://0.0.0.0:6543 + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Once you save your entry, you should be able to see it with actual + formatting: headers, bulleted lists, links, and so on. + + That makes quite a difference. + + Go ahead and add the same filter registration to ``production.ini`` + + Then commit your changes and redeploy: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ git push heroku master + + +Syntax Highlighting +------------------- + +The purpose of this journal is to allow you to write entries about the things +you learn in this class and elsewhere. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Markdown formatting allows for "preformatted" blocks of text like code + samples. + + But there is nothing in markdown that handles *colorizing* code. + + Luckily, the markdown package allows for extensions, and one of these + supports `colorization`_. + + It requires the `pygments`_ library + + Let's set this up next. + +.. _colorization: https://pythonhosted.org/Markdown/extensions/code_hilite.html +.. _pygments: http://pygments.org + +.. nextslide:: Install the Dependency + +Again, we need to install our new dependency first. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Add the following to ``requires`` in ``setup.py``: + + .. code-block:: python + + requires = [ + # ... + 'markdown', + 'pygments', # <-- ADD THIS LINE + ] + + Then re-install your app to pick up the software: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ python setup.py develop + ... + Finished processing dependencies for learning-journal==0.0 + +.. nextslide:: Add to Our Filter + +The next step is to extend our markdown filter in ``learning_journal/views.py`` +with this feature. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: python + + def render_markdown(content): + output = Markup( + markdown.markdown( + content, + extensions=['codehilite(pygments_style=colorful)', 'fenced_code'] + ) + ) + return output + + Now, you'll be able to make highlighted code blocks just like in GitHub: + + .. code-block:: text + + ```python + def foo(x, y): + return x**y + ``` + +.. nextslide:: Add CSS + +Code highlighting works by putting HTML ```` tags with special CSS +classes around bits of your code. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We need to generate and add the css to support this. + + You can use the ``pygmentize`` command from pygments to + `generate the css`_. + + Make sure you are in the directory with ``setup.py`` when you run this: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pygmentize -f html -S colorful -a .codehilite \ + >> learning_journal/static/styles.css + + The styles will be printed to standard out. + + The ``>>`` shell operator *appends* the output to the file named. + +.. _generate the css: http://pygments.org/docs/cmdline/#generating-styles + +.. nextslide:: Try It Out + +Go ahead and restart your application and see the difference a little style +makes: + +.. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ pserve development.ini + Starting server in PID 84331. + serving on http://0.0.0.0:6543 + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Try writing an entry with a little Python code in it. + + Python is not the only language available. + + Any syntax covered by `pygments lexers`_ is available, just use the + *shortname* from a lexer to get that type of style highlighting. + +.. _pygments lexers: http://pygments.org/docs/lexers/ + +.. nextslide:: Deploy Your Changes + +When you've got this working as you wish, go ahead and deploy it. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Add and commit all the changes you've made. + + Then push your results to the ``heroku master``: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (ljenv)$ git push heroku master + +Homework +======== + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + That's just about enough for now. + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + There's no homework for you to submit this week. You've worked hard enough. + + Take the week to review what we've done and make sure you have a solid + understanding of it. + + If you wish, play with HTML and CSS to make your journal more personalized. + + However, in preparation for our work with Django next week, I'd like you to + get started a bit ahead of time. + + Please read and follow along with this `basic intro to Django`_. + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **See You Then** + +.. _basic intro to Django: django_intro.html diff --git a/source/presentations/session08.rst b/source/presentations/session08.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..76a08bb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/presentations/session08.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1522 @@ +********** +Session 08 +********** + +.. figure:: /_static/django-pony.png + :align: center + :width: 60% + + image: http://djangopony.com/ + +Building a Django Application +============================= + +.. rst-class:: large + +Wherein we build a simple blogging app. + + +A Full Stack Framework +---------------------- + +Django comes with: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Persistence via the *Django ORM* + * CRUD content editing via the automatic *Django Admin* + * URL Mapping via *urlpatterns* + * Templating via the *Django Template Language* + * Caching with levels of configurability + * Internationalization via i18n hooks + * Form rendering and handling + * User authentication and authorization + + Pretty much everything you need to make a solid website quickly + +.. nextslide:: What Sets it Apart? + +Lots of frameworks offer some of these features, if not all. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + What is Django's *killer feature* + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **The Django Admin** + +.. nextslide:: The Django Admin + +Works in concert with the Django ORM to provide automatic CRUD functionality + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + You write the models, it provides the UI + + You've seen this in action. Pretty neat, eh? + +.. nextslide:: The Pareto Principle + +The Django Admin is a great example of the Pareto Priciple, a.k.a. the 80/20 +rule: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **80% of the problems can be solved by 20% of the effort** + + The converse also holds true: + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **Fixing the last 20% of the problems will take the remaining 80% of the + effort.** + +.. nextslide:: Other Django Advantages + +.. ifnotslides:: + + **Other Django Advantages** + +Clearly the most popular full-stack Python web framework at this time + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Popularity translates into: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * Active, present community + * Plethora of good examples to be found online + * Rich ecosystem of *apps* (encapsulated add-on functionality) + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **Jobs** + +.. nextslide:: Active Development + +Django releases in the last 12+ months (a short list): + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * 1.9 (December 2015) + * 1.8.7 (November 2015) + * 1.7.11 (November 2015) + * 1.8.5 (October 2015) + * 1.7.10 (August 2015) + * 1.8.3 (July 2015) + * 1.8 (April 2015) + * 1.7.7 (March 2015) + * 1.7.4 (January 2014) + + Django 1.8 is the second *Long Term Support* version, with a guaranteed support + period of three years. + +.. nextslide:: Great Documentation + +Thorough, readable, and discoverable. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Led the way to better documentation for all Python + + `Read The Docs `_ - built in connection with + Django, sponsored by the Django Software Foundation. + + Write documentation as part of your python package. + + Render new versions of that documentation for every commit. + + .. rst-class:: centered + + **this is awesome** + + +Where We Stand +-------------- + +For your homework this week, you created a ``Post`` model to serve as the heart +of our blogging app. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + You also took some time to get familiar with the basic workings of the + Django ORM. + + You made a minor modification to our model class and wrote a test for it. + + And you installed the Django Admin site and added your app to it. + + +Going Further +------------- + +One of the most common features in a blog is the ability to categorize posts. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Let's add this feature to our blog! + + To do so, we'll be adding a new model, and making some changes to existing + code. + + .. rst-class:: build + + This means that we'll need to *change our database schema*. + + +.. nextslide:: Changing a Database + +You've seen how to add new tables to a database using the ``migrate`` command. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + And you've created your first migration in setting up the ``Post`` model. + + This is an example of altering the *database schema* using Python code. + + Starting in Django 1.7, this ability is available built-in to Django. + + Before verson 1.7 it was available in an add-on called `South`_. + +.. _South: http://south.readthedocs.org/en/latest + + +.. nextslide:: Adding a Model + +We want to add a new model to represent the categories our blog posts might +fall into. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This model will need to have: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * a name for the category + * a longer description + * a relationship to the Post model + + .. code-block:: python + + # in models.py + class Category(models.Model): + name = models.CharField(max_length=128) + description = models.TextField(blank=True) + posts = models.ManyToManyField(Post, blank=True, + related_name='categories') + + +.. nextslide:: Strange Relationships + +In our ``Post`` model, we used a ``ForeignKeyField`` field to match an author +to her posts. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This models the situation in which a single author can have many posts, + while each post has only one author. + + We call this a *Many to One* relationship. + + But any given ``Post`` might belong in more than one ``Category``. + + And it would be a waste to allow only one ``Post`` for each ``Category``. + + Enter the ``ManyToManyField`` + +.. nextslide:: Add a Migration + +To get these changes set up, we now add a new migration. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We use the ``makemigrations`` management command to do so: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py makemigrations + Migrations for 'myblog': + 0002_category.py: + - Create model Category + +.. nextslide:: Apply A Migration + +Once the migration has been created, we can apply it with the ``migrate`` +management command. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py migrate + Operations to perform: + Apply all migrations: sessions, contenttypes, admin, myblog, auth + Running migrations: + Rendering model states... DONE + Applying myblog.0002_category... OK + + You can even look at the migration file you just applied, + ``myblog/migrations/0002_category.py`` to see what happened. + + +.. nextslide:: Make Categories Look Nice + +Let's make ``Category`` object look nice the same way we did with ``Post``. +Start with a test: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + add this to ``tests.py``: + + .. code-block:: python + + # another import + from myblog.models import Category + + # and the test case and test + class CategoryTestCase(TestCase): + + def test_string_representation(self): + expected = "A Category" + c1 = Category(name=expected) + actual = str(c1) + self.assertEqual(expected, actual) + +.. nextslide:: Make it Pass + +When you run your tests, you now have two, and one is failing because the +``Category`` object doesn't look right. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py test myblog + Creating test database for alias 'default'... + ... + + Ran 2 tests in 0.011s + + FAILED (failures=1) + + Do you remember how you made that change for a ``Post``? + + .. code-block:: python + + class Category(models.Model): + #... + + def __str__(self): + return self.name + + +.. nextslide:: Admin for Categories + +Adding our new model to the Django admin is equally simple. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Simply add the following line to ``myblog/admin.py`` + + .. code-block:: python + + # a new import + from myblog.models import Category + + # and a new admin registration + admin.site.register(Category) + + +.. nextslide:: Test It Out + +Fire up the Django development server and see what you have in the admin: + +.. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py runserver + Validating models... + ... + Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ + Quit the server with CONTROL-C. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Point your browser at ``http://localhost:8000/admin/``, log in and play. + + Add a few categories, put some posts in them. Visit your posts, add new + ones and then categorize them. + + +BREAK TIME +---------- + +We've completed a data model for our application. + +And thanks to Django's easy-to-use admin, we have a reasonable CRUD application +where we can manage blog posts and the categories we put them in. + +When we return, we'll put a public face on our new creation. + +If you've fallen behind, the app as it stands now is in our class resources as +``mysite_stage_1`` + + +A Public Face +============= + +.. rst-class:: left + +Point your browser at http://localhost:8000/ + +.. rst-class:: build left +.. container:: + + What do you see? + + Why? + + We need to add some public pages for our blog. + + In Django, the code that builds a page that you can see is called a *view*. + + +Django Views +------------ + +A *view* can be defined as a *callable* that takes a request and returns a +response. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This should sound pretty familiar to you. + + Classically, Django views were functions. + + Version 1.3 added support for Class-based Views (a class with a + ``__call__`` method is a callable) + + +.. nextslide:: A Basic View + +Let's add a really simple view to our app. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It will be a stub for our public UI. Add this to ``views.py`` in + ``myblog`` + + .. code-block:: python + + from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect, Http404 + + def stub_view(request, *args, **kwargs): + body = "Stub View\n\n" + if args: + body += "Args:\n" + body += "\n".join(["\t%s" % a for a in args]) + if kwargs: + body += "Kwargs:\n" + body += "\n".join(["\t%s: %s" % i for i in kwargs.items()]) + return HttpResponse(body, content_type="text/plain") + +.. nextslide:: Hooking It Up + +In your homework tutorial, you learned about Django **urlconfs** + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We used our project urlconf to hook the Django admin into our project. + + We want to do the same thing for our new app. + + In general, an *app* that serves any sort of views should contain its own + urlconf. + + The project urlconf should mainly *include* these where possible. + + +.. nextslide:: Adding A Urlconf + +Create a new file ``urls.py`` inside the ``myblog`` app package. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Open it in your editor and add the following code: + + .. code-block:: python + + + from django.conf.urls import url + from myblog.views import stub_view + + urlpatterns = [ + url(r'^$', + stub_view, + name="blog_index"), + ] + + +.. nextslide:: Include Blog Urls + +In order for our new urls to load, we'll need to include them in our project +urlconf + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Open ``urls.py`` from the ``mysite`` project package and add this: + + .. code-block:: python + + # add this new import + from django.conf.urls import include + + # then modify urlpatterns as follows: + urlpatterns = [ + url(r'^', include('myblog.urls')), #<- add this + #... other included urls + ] + + Try reloading http://localhost:8000/ + + You should see some output now. + + +Project URL Space +----------------- + +A project is defined by the urls a user can visit. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + What should our users be able to see when they visit our blog? + + .. rst-class:: build + + * A list view that shows blog posts, most recent first. + * An individual post view, showing a single post (a permalink). + + Let's add urls for each of these. + + For now, we'll use the stub view we've created so we can concentrate on the + url routing. + +.. nextslide:: Our URLs + +We've already got a good url for the list page: ``blog_index`` at '/' + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + For the view of a single post, we'll need to capture the id of the post. + Add this to ``urlpatterns`` in ``myblog/urls.py``: + + .. code-block:: python + + url(r'^posts/(\d+)/$', + stub_view, + name="blog_detail"), + + ``(\d+)`` captures one or more digits as the post_id. + + Load http://localhost:8000/posts/1234/ and see what you get. + +.. nextslide:: A Word on Capture in URLs + +When you load the above url, you should see ``1234`` listed as an *arg* + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Try changing the route like so: + + .. code-block:: python + + r'^posts/(?P\d+)/$' + + Reload the same url. + + Notice the change. + + What's going on there? + +.. nextslide:: Regular Expression URLS + +Like Pyramid, Django uses Python regular expressions to build routes. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Unlike Pyramid, Django *requires* regular expressions to capture segments + in a route. + + When we built our WSGI book app, we used this same appraoch. + + There we learned about regular expression *capture groups*. We just changed + an unnamed *capture group* to a named one. + + How you declare a capture group in your url pattern regexp influences how + it will be passed to the view callable. + + +.. nextslide:: Full Urlconf + +.. code-block:: python + + + from django.conf.urls import url + from myblog.views import stub_view + + urlpatterns = [ + url(r'^$', + stub_view, + name="blog_index"), + url(r'^posts/(?P\d+)/$', + stub_view, + name="blog_detail"), + ] + + +.. nextslide:: Testing Views + +Before we begin writing real views, we need to add some tests for the views we +are about to create. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We'll need tests for a list view and a detail view + + add the following *imports* at the top of ``myblog/tests.py``: + + .. code-block:: python + + import datetime + from django.utils.timezone import utc + + +.. nextslide:: Add a Test Case + +.. code-block:: python + + class FrontEndTestCase(TestCase): + """test views provided in the front-end""" + fixtures = ['myblog_test_fixture.json', ] + + def setUp(self): + self.now = datetime.datetime.utcnow().replace(tzinfo=utc) + self.timedelta = datetime.timedelta(15) + author = User.objects.get(pk=1) + for count in range(1, 11): + post = Post(title="Post %d Title" % count, + text="foo", + author=author) + if count < 6: + # publish the first five posts + pubdate = self.now - self.timedelta * count + post.published_date = pubdate + post.save() + + +Our List View +------------- + +We'd like our list view to show our posts. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + But in this blog, we have the ability to publish posts. + + Unpublished posts should not be seen in the front-end views. + + We set up our tests to have 5 published, and 5 unpublished posts + + Let's add a test to demonstrate that the right ones show up. + +.. nextslide:: Testing the List View + +.. code-block:: python + + Class FrontEndTestCase(TestCase): # already here + # ... + def test_list_only_published(self): + resp = self.client.get('/') + # the content of the rendered response is always a bytestring + resp_text = resp.content.decode(resp.charset) + self.assertTrue("Recent Posts" in resp_text) + for count in range(1, 11): + title = "Post %d Title" % count + if count < 6: + self.assertContains(resp, title, count=1) + else: + self.assertNotContains(resp, title) + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We test first to ensure that each published post is visible in our view. + + Note that we also test to ensure that the unpublished posts are *not* visible. + + +.. nextslide:: Run Your Tests + +.. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py test myblog + Creating test database for alias 'default'... + .F. + ====================================================================== + FAIL: test_list_only_published (myblog.tests.FrontEndTestCase) + ... + Ran 3 tests in 0.024s + + FAILED (failures=1) + Destroying test database for alias 'default'... + + +.. nextslide:: Now Fix That Test! + +Add the view for listing blog posts to ``views.py``. + +.. code-block:: python + + # add these imports + from django.template import RequestContext, loader + from myblog.models import Post + + # and this view + def list_view(request): + published = Post.objects.exclude(published_date__exact=None) + posts = published.order_by('-published_date') + template = loader.get_template('list.html') + context = RequestContext(request, { + 'posts': posts, + }) + body = template.render(context) + return HttpResponse(body, content_type="text/html") + + +.. nextslide:: Getting Posts + +.. code-block:: python + + published = Post.objects.exclude(published_date__exact=None) + posts = published.order_by('-published_date') + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We begin by using the QuerySet API to fetch all the posts that have + ``published_date`` set + + Using the chaining nature of the API we order these posts by + ``published_date`` + + Remember, at this point, no query has actually been issued to the database. + + +.. nextslide:: Getting a Template + +.. code-block:: python + + template = loader.get_template('list.html') + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Django uses configuration to determine how to find templates. + + By default, Django looks in installed *apps* for a ``templates`` directory + + It also provides a place to list specific directories. + + Let's set that up in ``settings.py`` + + +.. nextslide:: Project Templates + +Notice that ``settings.py`` already contains a ``BASE_DIR`` value which points +to the root of our project (where both the project and app packages are +located). + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + In that same file, you'll find a list bound to the symbol ``TEMPLATES``. + + That list contains one dict with an empty list at the key ``DIRS``. Update + that empty list as shown here: + + .. code-block:: python + + TEMPLATES = [ + { + 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', + 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'mysite/templates')], + ... + }, + ] + + This will ensure that Django will look in your ``mysite`` project folder + for a directory containing templates. + +.. nextslide:: + +The ``mysite`` project folder does not contain a ``templates`` directory, add one. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Then, in that directory add a new file ``base.html`` and add the following: + + .. code-block:: jinja + + + + + My Django Blog + + +

          +
          + {% block content %} + [content will go here] + {% endblock %} +
          +
          + + + + +Templates in Django +------------------- + +Before we move on, a quick word about Django templates. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We've seen Jinja2 which was "inspired by Django's templating system". + + Basically, you already know how to write Django templates. + + Django templates **do not** allow any python expressions. + + https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/templates/builtins/ + + +.. nextslide:: Blog Templates + +Our view tries to load ``list.html``. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This template is probably specific to the blog functionality of our site + + It is common to keep shared templates in your project directory and + specialized ones in app directories. + + Add a ``templates`` directory to your ``myblog`` app, too. + + In it, create a new file ``list.html`` and add this: + + +.. nextslide:: ``list.html`` + +.. code-block:: jinja + + {% extends "base.html" %}{% block content %} +

          Recent Posts

          + {% comment %} here is where the query happens {% endcomment %} + {% for post in posts %} +
          +

          {{ post }}

          +

          + Posted by {{ post.author_name }} — {{ post.published_date }} +

          +
          + {{ post.text }} +
          +
            + {% for category in post.categories.all %} +
          • {{ category }}
            • + {% endfor %} +
          +
          + {% endfor %} + {% endblock %} + + +.. nextslide:: Template Context + +.. code-block:: python + + context = RequestContext(request, { + 'posts': posts, + }) + body = template.render(context) + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Like Jinja2, django templates are rendered by passing in a *context* + + Django's RequestContext provides common bits, similar to the context + provided automatically by Pyramid + + We add our posts to that context so they can be used by the template. + + +.. nextslide:: Return a Response + +.. code-block:: python + + return HttpResponse(body, content_type="text/html") + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Finally, we build an HttpResponse and return it. + + This is, fundamentally, no different from the ``stub_view`` just above. + +.. nextslide:: Fix URLs + +We need to fix the url for our blog index page + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Update ``urls.py`` in ``myblog``: + + .. code-block:: python + + # import the new view + from myblog.views import list_view + + # and then update the urlconf + url(r'^$', + list_view, #<-- Change this value from stub_view + name="blog_index"), + + Then run your tests again: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py test myblog + ... + Ran 3 tests in 0.033s + + OK + + +.. nextslide:: Common Patterns + +This is a common pattern in Django views: + +.. rst-class:: build + +* get a template from the loader +* build a context, usually using a RequestContext +* render the template +* return an HttpResponse + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + So common in fact that Django provides a shortcut for us to use: + + ``render(request, template[, ctx][, ctx_instance])`` + + +.. nextslide:: Shorten Our View + +Let's replace most of our view with the ``render`` shortcut + +.. code-block:: python + + from django.shortcuts import render # <- already there + + # rewrite our view + def list_view(request): + published = Post.objects.exclude(published_date__exact=None) + posts = published.order_by('-published_date') + context = {'posts': posts} + return render(request, 'list.html', context) + +.. rst-class:: build + +Remember though, all we did manually before is still happening + + +BREAK TIME +---------- + +We've got the front page for our application working great. + +Next, we'll need to provide a view of a detail page for a single post. + +Then we'll provide a way to log in and to navigate between the public part of +our application and the admin behind it. + +If you've fallen behind, the app as it stands now is in our class resources as +``mysite_stage_2`` + + +Our Detail View +--------------- + +Next, let's add a view function for the detail view of a post + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It will need to get the ``id`` of the post to show as an argument + + Like the list view, it should only show published posts + + But unlike the list view, it will need to return *something* if an + unpublished post is requested. + + Let's start with the tests in ``views.py`` + + +.. nextslide:: Testing the Details + +Add the following test to our ``FrontEndTestCase`` in ``myblog/tests.py``: + +.. code-block:: python + + def test_details_only_published(self): + for count in range(1, 11): + title = "Post %d Title" % count + post = Post.objects.get(title=title) + resp = self.client.get('/posts/%d/' % post.pk) + if count < 6: + self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, 200) + self.assertContains(resp, title) + else: + self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, 404) + + +.. nextslide:: Run Your Tests + +.. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py test myblog + Creating test database for alias 'default'... + .F.. + ====================================================================== + FAIL: test_details_only_published (myblog.tests.FrontEndTestCase) + ... + Ran 4 tests in 0.043s + + FAILED (failures=1) + Destroying test database for alias 'default'... + + +.. nextslide:: Let's Fix That Test + +Now, add a new view to ``myblog/views.py``: + +.. code-block:: python + + def detail_view(request, post_id): + published = Post.objects.exclude(published_date__exact=None) + try: + post = published.get(pk=post_id) + except Post.DoesNotExist: + raise Http404 + context = {'post': post} + return render(request, 'detail.html', context) + + +.. nextslide:: Missing Content + +.. code-block:: python + + try: + post = published.get(pk=post_id) + except Post.DoesNotExist: + raise Http404 + +One of the features of the Django ORM is that all models raise a DoesNotExist +exception if ``get`` returns nothing. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This exception is actually an attribute of the Model you look for. + + There's also an ``ObjectDoesNotExist`` for when you don't know which model + you have. + + We can use that fact to raise a Not Found exception. + + Django will handle the rest for us. + + +.. nextslide:: Add the Template + +We also need to add ``detail.html`` to ``myblog/templates``: + +.. code-block:: jinja + + {% extends "base.html" %} + + {% block content %} + Home +

          {{ post }}

          +

          + Posted by {{ post.author_name }} — {{ post.published_date }} +

          +
          + {{ post.text }} +
          +
            + {% for category in post.categories.all %} +
          • {{ category }}
            • + {% endfor %} +
          + {% endblock %} + + +.. nextslide:: Hook it Up + +In order to view a single post, we'll need a link from the list view + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We can use the ``url`` template tag (like Pyramid's ``request.route_url``): + + .. code-block:: jinja + + {% url '' arg1 arg2 %} + + In our ``list.html`` template, let's link the post titles: + + .. code-block:: jinja + + {% for post in posts %} +
          +

          + {{ post }} +

          + ... + + +.. nextslide:: Fix URLs + +Again, we need to insert our new view into the existing ``myblog/urls.py`` in +``myblog``: + +.. code-block:: python + + # import the view + from myblog.views import detail_view + + url(r'^posts/(?P\d+)/$', + detail_view, #<-- Change this from stub_view + name="blog_detail"), + +.. rst-class:: build small + +:: + + (djangoenv)$ ./manage.py test myblog + ... + Ran 4 tests in 0.077s + + OK + + +.. nextslide:: A Moment To Play + +We've got some good stuff to look at now. Fire up the server + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Reload your blog index page and click around a bit. + + You can now move back and forth between list and detail view. + + Try loading the detail view for a post that doesn't exist + + +.. nextslide:: Congratulations + +You've got a functional Blog + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It's not very pretty, though. + + We can fix that by adding some css + + This gives us a chance to learn about Django's handling of *static files* + + +Static Files +------------ + +Like templates, Django expects to find static files in particular locations + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It will look for them in a directory named ``static`` in any installed + apps. + + They will be served from the url path in the STATIC_URL setting. + + By default, this is ``/static/`` + + To allow Django to automatically build the correct urls for your static + files, you use a special *template tag*:: + + {% static %} + + +.. nextslide:: Add CSS + +I've prepared a css file for us to use. You can find it in the class resources + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Create a new directory ``static`` in the ``myblog`` app. + + Copy the ``django_blog.css`` file into that new directory. + + .. container:: + + Next, load the static files template tag into ``base.html`` (this + **must** be on the *first line* of the template): + + .. code-block:: jinja + + {% load staticfiles %} + + .. container:: + + Finally, add a link to the stylesheet using the special template tag: + + .. code-block:: html + + My Django Blog + + + +.. nextslide:: View Your Results + +Reload http://localhost:8000/ and view the results of your work + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + We now have a reasonable view of the posts of our blog on the front end + + And we have a way to create and categorize posts using the admin + + However, we lack a way to move between the two. + + Let's add that ability next. + + +Global Navigation +----------------- + +We'll start by adding a control bar to our ``base.html`` template: + +.. code-block:: jinja + + + ... + +
          + ... + + +.. nextslide:: Request Context Revisited + +When we set up our views, we used the ``render`` shortcut, which provides a +``RequestContext`` + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This gives us access to ``user`` in our templates + + It provides access to methods about the state and rights of that user + + We can use these to conditionally display links or UI elements. Like only + showing the admin link to staff members. + + +.. nextslide:: Login/Logout + +Django also provides a reasonable set of views for login/logout. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The first step to using them is to hook them into a urlconf. + + .. container:: + + Add the following to ``mysite/urls.py``: + + .. code-block:: python + + # add an import at the top + from django.contrib.auth.views import login, logout + + # and update the list of urlconfs + url(r'^', include('myblog.urls')), #<- already there + url(r'^login/$', + login, + {'template_name': 'login.html'}, + name="login"), + url(r'^logout/$', + logout, + {'next_page': '/'}, + name="logout"), + + +.. nextslide:: Login Template + +We need to create a new ``login.html`` template in ``mysite/templates``: + +.. code-block:: jinja + + {% extends "base.html" %} + + {% block content %} +

          My Blog Login

          +
          {% csrf_token %} + {{ form.as_p }} +

          +
          + {% endblock %} + + +.. nextslide:: Submitting Forms + +In a web application, submitting forms is potentially hazardous + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Data is being sent to our application from some remote place + + If that data is going to alter the state of our application, we **must** + use POST + + Even so, we are vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery, a common attack + vector. + + +.. nextslide:: Danger: CSRF + +Django provides a convenient system to fight this. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + In fact, for POST requests, it *requires* that you use it. + + The Django middleware that does this is enabled by default. + + All you need to do is include the ``{% csrf_token %}`` tag in your form. + + +.. nextslide:: Hooking It Up + +In ``base.html`` make the following updates: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: jinja + + + admin + + logout + + login + + .. container:: + + Finally, in ``settings.py`` add the following: + + .. code-block:: python + + + LOGIN_URL = '/login/' + LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = '/' + + +.. nextslide:: Forms In Django + +In adding a login view, we've gotten a sneak peak at how forms work in Django. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + However, learning more about them is beyond what we can achieve in this + session. + + The form system in Django is quite nice, however. I urge you to + `read more about it`_ + + In particular, you might want to pay attention to the documentation on + `Model Forms`_ + + +.. _read more about it: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/topics/forms/ +.. _Model Forms: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/topics/forms/modelforms/ + + +Ta-Daaaaaa! +----------- + +So, that's it. We've created a workable, simple blog app in Django. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + If you fell behind at some point, the app as it now stands is in our class + resources as ``mysite_stage_3``. + + There's much more we could do with this app. And for homework, you'll do + some of it. + + Then next session, we'll work together as pairs to implement a simple + feature to extend the blog + + +Homework +======== + +.. rst-class:: left + +For your homework this week, we'll fix one glaring problem with our blog admin. + +.. rst-class:: build left +.. container:: + + As you created new categories and posts, and related them to each-other, + how did you feel about that work? + + Although from a data perspective, the category model is the right place for + the ManytoMany relationship to posts, this leads to awkward usage in the + admin. + + It would be much easier if we could designate a category for a post *from + the Post admin*. + + +Your Assignment +--------------- + +You'll be reversing that relationship so that you can only add categories to +posts + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Take the following steps: + + 1. Read the documentation about the `Django admin.`_ + 2. You'll need to create a customized `ModelAdmin`_ class for the ``Post`` + and ``Category`` models. + 3. And you'll need to create an `InlineModelAdmin`_ to represent Categories + on the Post admin view. + 4. Finally, you'll need to `exclude`_ the 'posts' field from the form in + your ``Category`` admin. + + +.. _Django admin.: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/contrib/admin/ +.. _ModelAdmin: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/contrib/admin/#modeladmin-objects +.. _InlineModelAdmin: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/contrib/admin/#inlinemodeladmin-objects +.. _exclude: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/contrib/admin/#django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin.exclude + + +.. nextslide:: Pushing Further + +All told, those changes should not require more than about 15 total lines of +code. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The trick of course is reading and finding out which fifteen lines to + write. + + If you complete that task in less than 3-4 hours of work, consider looking + into other ways of customizing the admin. + + +.. nextslide:: Tasks you might consider + +.. rst-class:: build + +* Change the admin index to say 'Categories' instead of 'Categorys'. (hint, the + way to change this has nothing to do with the admin) +* Add columns for the date fields to the list display of Posts. +* Display the created and modified dates for your posts when viewing them in + the admin. +* Add a column to the list display of Posts that shows the author. For more + fun, make this a link that takes you to the admin page for that user. +* For the biggest challenge, look into `admin actions`_ and add an action to + the Post admin that allows you to publish posts in bulk from the Post list + display + +.. _admin actions: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/ref/contrib/admin/actions/ diff --git a/source/presentations/session09.rst b/source/presentations/session09.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..384738ec --- /dev/null +++ b/source/presentations/session09.rst @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +********** +Session 09 +********** + +.. figure:: /_static/django-pony.png + :align: center + :width: 60% + + image: http://djangopony.com/ + +Extending Django +================ + +.. rst-class:: large + +Wherein we extend our Django blog app. + + +Last Week +--------- + +Last week, we created a nice, simple Django microblog application. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Over the week, as your homework, you made some modifications to improve how + it works. + + There's still quite a bit more we can do to improve this application. + + And today, that's what we are going to do. + + +Preparation +----------- + +In order for this to work properly, we'll need to have a few things in place. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + **For the time being, all these actions should only be taken by one + partner**. + + First, we'll start from a canonical copy of the microblog. Make a fork of + the following repository to your github account:: + + https://github.com/cewing/djangoblog_uwpce.git + + Then, clone that repository to your local machine: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ git clone https://github.com//djangoblog_uwpce.git + + +Connect to Your Partner +----------------------- + +Finally, you'll need to add your partner as a collaborator for your new +repository. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Go to the *settings* for your repository. + + Click the *collaborators* tab on the left side of the window (you'll need + to enter your github password). + + Look up your partner by email address or github username. + + Add them. + + Then your partner can clone the repository to their desktop too. + +While You Work +-------------- + +Now, when you switch roles during your work, here's the workflow you can use: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. container:: + + 1. The current driver commits all changes and pushes to their repository: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ git commit -a -m "Time to switch roles" + $ git push origin master + + .. container:: + + 2. The new driver gets the changes: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ git pull origin master + + 3. The new driver continues working from where their partner left off. + 4. PROFIT..... + +Homework +======== + +Next week, we will deploy your Django application to a server. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + To help illustrate the full set of tools at our disposal, we'll go a bit + overboard for this. + + We'll be setting up an HTTP server, proxying to a WSGI server serving your + Django app. + + We'll do this all "In the cloud" using Amazon's `AWS`_ service. + + Before class starts, you'll need to accomplish a few non-programming tasks + +.. _AWS: http://aws.amazon.com/free + +Sign Up For AWS +--------------- + +Begin by going to the `AWS homepage`_ and clicking on the large, yellow button +that reads "Sign In to the Console". + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + On the sign-in page that appears, click the radio button for 'I am a new + user', fill in your email address, and then click through to begin the + sign-up process. + + You will be required to provide credit card information. + + If you are still eligible for the AWS free tier, you will not incur any + charges for work you do in this class. + +.. _AWS homepage: http://aws.amazon.com + + +Set Up an IAM User +------------------ + +Once you've signed up for an account take the following actions: + +* `Create an IAM user`_ and place them in a group with Power User access. (Search for PowerUser when selecting a policy for your group). + + * Set up Security Credentials for that IAM user. + * Save these Security Credentials in a safe place so you can use them for class. + +.. _Create an IAM user: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/IAMBestPractices.html + +Prepare for Login +----------------- + +* `Create a Keypair`_ + + * Choose the 'US West (Oregon)' region since it's geographically closest to you. + * When you download your private key, save it to ~/.ssh/pk-aws.pem + * Make sure that the private key is secure and useable by doing the following command + + * ``$ chmod 400 ~/.ssh/pk-aws.pem`` + +* `Create a custom security group`_ + + * The security group should be named 'ssh-access' + * Add one custom TCP rule + * allow port 22 + * allow addresses 0.0.0.0/0 + +.. _Create a Keypair: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/gettingstarted/latest/wah/getting-started-create-key-pair.html +.. _Create a custom security group: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using-network-security.html diff --git a/source/presentations/session10.rst b/source/presentations/session10.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..abdd40ea --- /dev/null +++ b/source/presentations/session10.rst @@ -0,0 +1,666 @@ +********** +Session 10 +********** + +.. figure:: /_static/django-pony.png + :align: center + :width: 60% + + image: http://djangopony.com/ + + +Deploying Django +================ + +.. rst-class:: left +.. container:: + + Over the last two sessions you've built and extended a simple Django + application. + + .. rst-class:: build + .. container:: + + Now it is time to deploy that application to a server so the world can + see it. + + Previously, we used Heroku to deploy a simple Pyramid application. + + We could do the same with Django, but we won't. + + Instead, we'll deploy to **A**\ mazon **W**\ eb **S**\ ervices (AWS) + + +Choosing a Deployment Strategy +------------------------------ + +There are many many different ways to deploy a web application. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + And there are many many services offering platforms for deployment. + + How do you choose the right one for you? + + In general there are a few rules of thumb to consider: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * The more convenient the service, the less configurable it is. + * The less you pay for a service, the more work you have to do yourself. + * With great power comes great responsibility. + +.. nextslide:: + +In choosing a service and a strategy, you'll want to ask yourself a few +questions: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. rst-class:: build + + * What are the basic software components of my project? + * How much control or customization of each component do I require? + * What service supports all of my required components? + * What service allows my required customizations? + * If no single service does everything I need, which could be wired + together? + + The answers to these questions will help to determine the correct choice + for you. + +.. nextslide:: Our Choice for Today + +We are going to ignore all these questions, and simply ask one question. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Which service will allow us to set up each layer in a full web application + stack so that we can learn how the stack works from front to back? + + The simplest answer to that question is **AWS**. + + Therefore, that's the service we will use today. + +Preparing for AWS Deployment +---------------------------- + +You've started out this week by signing up for AWS. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + You've created a security group and a key pair to help with accessing any + servers we create. + + You've also set up an IAM user and configured security credentials for that + user. + + If we were to be automating our work today, we'd use those credentials to + allow the `boto`_ library to connect to AWS as that IAM user. + + Then you could `create or destroy resources`_ using that library. + + Issues surrounding using that library on Windows prevent us from trying + that path tonight. + +.. nextslide:: + +Instead we'll be making a manual deployment using AWS. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This is always the first step to automation anyway, so this is an important + first step. + + We'll begin by converting some aspects of our application to better provide + for security + + In preparation for that we will need to add a new package to our django + virtual environment. + + .. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ pip install dj-database-url + + + +.. _boto: https://boto.readthedocs.org/ +.. _create or destroy resources: http://codefellows.github.io/python-dev-accelerator/lectures/day11/boto.html + + +.. nextslide:: 12-Factor + +This new package is an attempt to help Django get in line with a principle +called `12-factor`_. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The basic idea is that any data that your app uses for configuration that + is *external* to the app itself, should be separated from the app. + + The link about contains much more effective explanations, read it. + + We've already done this to some degree with our Pyramid application, by + putting some configuration values into *environment variables* + + ``dj-database-url`` allows us to do that with the configuration for our + database. + +.. _12-factor: http://12factor.net/ + + +.. nextslide:: Updating Settings + +Open ``settings.py`` and replace the current DATABASES dictionary with this: + +.. code-block:: python + + DATABASES = { + 'default': dj_database_url.config( + default='sqlite:///' + os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3') + ) + } + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + The default behavior of ``dj-database-url`` is to look for a + ``DATABASE_URL`` variable in the environment. + + If it doesn't find that, it uses the value you provide for *default*. + + It converts a `url-style`_ database connection string to the dictionary + Django expects. + + Here, we've set the default to be the same as what we had previously. + +.. _url-style: https://github.com/kennethreitz/dj-database-url#url-schema + +.. nextslide:: Repeatable Envs + +Another principle of the 12-factor philosophy is to keep the differences +between production and development to a minimum. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Again, in our Pyramid app we handled this with a ``requirements.txt`` file. + + Here we will do the same. + + At your command line, with the virtualenv active, run the following + command: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (djangoenv)$ pip freeze > requirements.txt + + Then, add that file to your repository and commit the changes. + + At this point, we're about ready to begin working directly with AWS + +Setting up An EC2 Instance +-------------------------- + +Our first step is to create an EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) instance for our +application. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Begin by opening the AWS homepage (http://aws.amazon.com) + + Then click on the big yellow "Sign in to the Console" button + + Fill in your email, check "I am a returning user..." and supply your + password. + + When the page loads, you are viewing the AWS Console. + + If you don't see a big list of services in that first page, click on + 'Services' in the black header. + + From the list of services, click on ``EC2``. + +.. nextslide:: + +The page that loads is the management console for EC2 resources. You used it +to create your security group and key pair. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Click the large blue "Launch Instance" button to start a new instance. + + You should see a list of types of operating system listed. + + If you don't click on *quick start* at the left. + + In the list, find "Ubuntu Server 14.04 LTS". + + Click on 'Select' to begin building an instance using that operating + system. + +.. nextslide:: + +The next page of the launch wizard allows you to choose how much CPU power and +RAM your machine will have. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + There are only two types of instance that are in the free tier, and one is + now deprecated. + + Select the *t2.micro* instance by clicking the checkbox to the left of that + row (it may already be selected for you). + + Below the table of instance types, find and click on "Next: configure + instance details" + +.. nextslide:: + +Click through the next two steps until you reach "Configure Security Group" + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Here, click the "select an existing security group" button, and pick your + ssh-access group. + + This group acts as a control for a *firewall* which restricts network + access to your new instance. + + You've configured that firewall to allow any machine to talk to your + instance, but only on port 22 (SSH). + + Finish by clicking "Review and Launch" + + Then click on "Launch" to start the instance. + +.. nextslide:: + +When you click "Launch" you are required to choose a key pair to control ssh +access to your new machine. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Without this key pair, you have no way to access the server, and you must + destroy it and create a new one. + + Select your ``pk-aws`` pair from the list of existing key pairs. + + Then, check the box that indicates you have the private key and click + "Launch Instance". + + It will take a few minutes for the new machine to initialize and be ready. + +Accessing Your Instance +----------------------- + +Once the machine indicates it is "running" you are ready to access that +machine. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + ssh into that machine: + + .. code-block:: bash + + ssh -i ~/.ssh/pk-aws.pem ubuntu@ + + You will need to indicate that you trust this connection. + + You are now logged in to the server as the default user. + + AWS sets this user up with the ability to run commands using *sudo* + + You'll begin by updating the OS package manager so you are ensured of + having the latest versions of any software you install: + + .. code-block:: bash + + sudo apt-get update + +Deployment Layer 1: Web Server +------------------------------ + +In our deployment stack, the frontmost facing layer is the Web Server. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This software is responsible for receiving requests from clients' browsers. + + It will also handle serving static resources in order to relieve Django of + that burden. + + If you are using ``https``, it's also a good place to handle terminating an + SSL connection. + + Begin by using the Ubuntu package manager to install ``nginx``: + + .. code-block:: bash + + sudo apt-get install nginx + +.. nextslide:: Controlling ``nginx`` + +Like many other packages installed by ``apt-get``, nginx is set up as a +*service* + +You can check the status of the service: + +.. code-block:: bash + + sudo service nginx status + +You can start and stop the server: + +.. code-block:: bash + + sudo service nginx stop + sudo service nginx start + +.. nextslide:: Configuring Nginx + +Default configuration for nginx lives in ``/etc/nginx``. Let's look at three +files there in particular: + +* /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (controls behavior of the whole server) +* /etc/nginx/sites-available/default (controls a single 'site') +* /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default (activates a single 'site') + + +.. nextslide:: Check Your results + +Check your results by loading your public DNS name in a browser + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + you should see this, do you? + + .. figure:: /_static/nginx_hello.png + :align: center + :width: 40% + + Add port 80 to your security group. Then reload. + +Deployment Layer 3: Database +---------------------------- + +In order to deploy our database, we'll need to install some more software + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Use ``apt-get istall`` to add each of the following packages: + + * build-essential + * python-dev + * python-pip + * python-psycopg2 + * postgresql-client + * git + +.. nextslide:: RDS + +You *can* set up postgres directly on the machine you just built, but that's no fun. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Let's use RDS, the AWS service for providing databases. + + From 'services' in the header, select RDS. + + In the page that appears, click on 'Launch a DB Instance' + + From the selection of database types, choose PostgreSQL. + + Click **no** to indicate that you don't need a multi-AZ database. + +.. nextslide:: + +On the database details page, You have a bit of work to do. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + First, select ``db.t2.micro`` as the instance type. + + Then, for multi-AZ deployment, select **no** (again) + + Finally, provide values for the last four inputs + + The database identifier must be unique to your account and region, use + "uwpce". + + For the master username, use "awsuser" + + Provide a password and repeat it to prove you can + +.. nextslide:: + +For Advanced Settings, make sure your DB is in the same availability zone as +your EC2 instance. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Also ensure that you select the same security group you used for your EC2 + instance from the list of VPC security groups. + + Enter a database name, use "djangodb" + + Finally, click "Launch DB Instance" + + While the database launches, let's return to setting up our application on + EC2 + +Deployment Layer 2: Application +------------------------------- + +Back on the EC2 instance, in your ssh terminal, clone your django application: + +.. code-block:: bash + + git clone + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + pip install the requirements for your app:: + + $ cd djangoblog_uwpce + $ pip install -r requirements.txt + +.. nextslide:: + +Finally, export a system environment variable called DATABASE_URL with the +following format:: + + postgres://username:password@host:port/dbname + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: bash + + export DATABASE_URL= + + You can now test access with dbshell: + + .. code-block:: bash + + python manage.py dbshell + + Work through any issues in getting that to work + +.. nextslide:: Wiring It Up + +Once working, we can point nginx at the instance: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: bash + + sudo mv /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-available/default.bak + sudo vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/default + + Add the following content: + + .. code-block:: nginx + + server { + listen 80; + server_name ; + access_log /var/log/nginx/django.log; + + location / { + proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000; + proxy_set_header Host $host; + proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; + proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; + } + } + +.. nextslide:: + +Save that file and restart nginx: + +.. code-block:: bash + + sudo service nginx restart + +Then reload your aws instance in a web browser, you should see a BAD GATEWAY +error + +now start django and then reload: + +.. code-block:: bash + + python manage.py runserver + +This works, but as soon as you exit your ssh terminal, django will quit. We +want a long-running process we can leave behind. + + +Deployment Layer 4: Permanence +------------------------------ + +Install gunicorn on the server + +.. code-block:: bash + + pip install gunicorn + +Back on your own machine, create ``mysite/production.py`` and add the following +content: + +.. code-block:: python + + from settings import * + + DEBUG = False + TEMPLATE_DEBUG = False + ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['', 'localhost'] + STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static') + +Add the file to your repository and commit your changes. + +Then pull the changes back on your EC2 instance + +.. nextslide:: Configuration Changes for Nginx + +Update nginx config (/etc/nginx/sites-available/default) to serve static files: + +.. code-block:: nginx + + server { + # ... + + location /static/ { + root /home/ubuntu/djangoblog_uwpce; + } + + } + +.. nextslide:: Running with Gunicorn + +Then set an environment variable to point at production settings:: + + export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.production + +Now, run the site using gunicorn:: + + gunicorn -b 127.0.0.1:8000 -w 4 -D mysite.wsgi + +Wahooo! + +But still not great, because nothing is monitoring this process. + +There's no way to keep track of how it is doing. + +We can do better. First, let's kill the processes that spawned:: + + killall gunicorn + +.. nextslide:: Managing Gunicorn + +We can use a process manager to run the gunicorn command, and track the results. + +Using linux `upstart`_ is relatively simple. + +Put the following in ``/etc/init/djangoblog.conf`` + +.. code-block:: cfg + + description "djangoblog" + + start on (filesystem) + stop on runlevel [016] + + respawn + setuid nobody + setgid nogroup + chdir /home/ubuntu/djangoblog_uwpce + env DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.production + env DATABASE_URL=postgres://:@:/djangoblog + exec gunicorn -b 127.0.0.1:8000 -w 4 mysite.wsgi + +.. _upstart: http://blog.terminal.com/getting-started-with-upstart/ + +.. nextslide:: Using Upstart + +Once you've completed that, you will find that you can use the Linux +``service`` command to control the gunicorn process. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Use the following commands:: + + $ sudo service djangoblog status + $ sudo service djangoblog start + $ sudo service djangoblog stop + $ sudo service djangoblog restart + + If you see an error message about an ``unknown job`` when you run one of those + commands, it means you have an error in your configuration file. + + Find the error with this command:: + + $ init-checkconf /etc/init/djangoblog.conf + + And that's it! diff --git a/source/presentations/venv_intro.rst b/source/presentations/venv_intro.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..23665d43 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/presentations/venv_intro.rst @@ -0,0 +1,349 @@ +.. slideconf:: + :autoslides: False + +*********************** +An Introduction To Venv +*********************** + +.. slide:: An Introduction To Venv + :level: 1 + + This document contains no slides. + +In this tutorial you'll learn a bit about the `pyvenv`_ command and the +``venv`` module that powers it. You'll learn how to create self-contained +Python environments in order to practice safe development and manage package +dependency conflicts. + +Working with Virtual Environments +================================= + +.. rst-class:: large + +| For every package +| installed in the +| system Python, the +| gods kill a kitten + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + | - me + +Why Virtual Environments? +------------------------- + +.. rst-class:: build + +* You will need to install packages that aren't in the Python standard + Library +* You often need to install *different* versions of the *same* library for + different projects +* Conflicts arising from having the wrong version of a dependency installed can + cause long-term nightmares +* Use `pyvenv`_ ... +* **Always** + +.. _pyvenv: https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html + +Creating a Venv +--------------- + +Since version 3.3, Python has come with a built-in ``venv`` module. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + To use the module, you can run it using your Python 3 executable: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ python -m venv my_env + + On Windows you'll need something a bit different: + + .. code-block:: posh + + c:\Temp>c:\Python35\python -m venv my_env + + Unless you have the Python executable in your path, in which case this: + + .. code-block:: posh + + c:\Temp>python -m venv my_env + + .. note:: Your Python 3 executable may be ``python3``, please substitute + that if required + + Depending on how you installed Python (and on your operating system) you + may also have a ``pyvenv`` command available in your PATH. You can use it like so: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ pyvenv my_env + +.. nextslide:: + +In any of these command forms, the name of the new virtual environment +(``my_env``) is arbitrary. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + I suggest that you name virtual environments to match the project for which + the environment is to be used. + + I also suggest that you keep your virtual environments *in the same + directory* as the project code you are writing. + + Be aware that ``venv`` can be sensitive to path names that contain spaces. + Please make sure that the entire path to your working directory does not + contain any spaces just to be safe. + +.. nextslide:: + +Let's make one for demonstration purposes: + +.. code-block:: bash + + $ python -m venv demoenv + $ ls demoenv + bin include lib pyvenv.cfg + + +.. nextslide:: What Happened? + +When you ran that command, a couple of things took place: + +.. rst-class:: build + +* A new directory with your requested name was created +* A new Python executable was created in /bin (/Scripts on Windows) +* The new Python was cloned from your system Python (where virtualenv was + installed) +* The new Python was isolated from any libraries installed in the old Python +* Setuptools was installed so you have ``easy_install`` for this new python +* Pip was installed so you have ``pip`` for this new python + +Activation +---------- + +Every virtual environment you create contains an executable Python command. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + If you do a quick check to see which Python executable is found by your + terminal, you'll see that it is not the one: + + .. container:: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ which python + /usr/bin/python + + in powershell: + + .. code-block:: posh + + $ gcm python + ... + + You can execute the new Python by explicitly pointing to it: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ ./demoenv/bin/python -V + Python 3.5.0 + +.. nextslide:: + +But that's tedious and hard to remember. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Instead, ``activate`` your virtual environment using a shell command: + + +----------+------------+----------------------------------------+ + | Platform | Shell | Activation Command | + +==========+============+========================================+ + | Posix | bash/zsh | ``$ source /bin/activate`` | + + +------------+----------------------------------------+ + | | fish | ``$ . /bin/activate.fish`` | + + +------------+----------------------------------------+ + | | csh/tcsh | ``$ source /bin/activate.csh`` | + +----------+------------+----------------------------------------+ + | Windows | cmd.exe | ``C:> /Scripts/activate.bat`` | + + +------------+----------------------------------------+ + | | powershell | ``PS C:> /Scripts/Activate.ps1`` | + +----------+------------+----------------------------------------+ + +.. nextslide:: + +Notice that when a virtualenv is *active* you can see it in your command +prompt: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (demoenv)$ + + So long as the virtualenv is *active* the ``python`` executable that will + be used will be the new one in your ``demoenv``. + +Installing Packages +------------------- + +Since ``pip`` is also installed, the ``pip`` that is used to install new +software will also be the one in ``demoenv``. + +.. code-block:: bash + + (demoenv)$ which pip + /Users/cewing/demoenv/bin/pip + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + This means that using these tools to install packages will install them + *into your virtual environment only* + + The are not installed into the system Python. + + Let's see this in action. + +.. nextslide:: + +We'll install a package called ``docutils`` + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + It provides tools for creating documentation using ReStructuredText + + Install it using pip (while your virtualenv is active): + + .. code-block:: bash + + (demoenv)$ pip install docutils + Downloading/unpacking docutils + Downloading docutils-0.11.tar.gz (1.6MB): 1.6MB downloaded + Running setup.py (path:/Users/cewing/demoenv/build/docutils/setup.py) egg_info for package docutils + ... + changing mode of /Users/cewing/demoenv/bin/rst2xml.py to 755 + changing mode of /Users/cewing/demoenv/bin/rstpep2html.py to 755 + Successfully installed docutils + Cleaning up... + +.. nextslide:: + +And now, when we fire up our Python interpreter, the docutils package is +available to us: + +.. code-block:: pycon + + (demoenv)$ python + Python 3.5.0 (default, Sep 16 2015, 10:42:55) + [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.1.0 (clang-602.0.49)] on darwin + Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. + >>> import docutils + >>> docutils.__path__ + ['/Users/cewing/projects/uwpce/training.python_web/testenvs/sess01/demoenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/docutils'] + >>> ^d + (demoenv)$ + +.. nextslide:: Side Effects + +Like some other Python libraries, the ``docutils`` package provides a number of +executable scripts when it is installed. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + You can see these in the ``bin`` directory inside your virtualenv: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (demoenv)$ ls ./demoenv/bin + ... + python + rst2html.py + rst2latex.py + ... + + These scripts are set up to execute using the Python with which they were + built. + + Running these scripts *from this location* will use the Python executable + in your virtualenv, *even if that virtualenv is not active*! + +Deactivation +------------ + +So you've got a virtual environment created and activated so you can work with +it. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Eventually you'll need to stop working with this ``venv`` and switch + to another + + It's a good idea to keep a separate ``venv`` for every project you + work on. + + When a ``venv`` is active, all you have to do is use the + ``deactivate`` command: + + .. code-block:: bash + + (demoenv)$ deactivate + $ which python + /usr/bin/python + + Note that your shell prompt returns to normal, and now the executable + Python found when you check ``python`` is the system one again. + +Cleaning Up +----------- + +The final advantage that ``venv`` offers you as a developer is the ability to +easily remove a batch of installed Python software from your system. + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + Consider a situation where you installed a library that breaks your Python + (it happens) + + If you are working in your system Python, you now have to figure out what + that package installed + + You have to figure out where it is + + And you have to go clean it out manually. + + With ``venv`` you simply remove the directory ``venv`` created when you + started out. + +.. nextslide:: + +Let's do that with our ``demoenv``: + +.. rst-class:: build +.. container:: + + .. code-block:: bash + + $ rm -r demoenv + + And that's it. + + The entire environment and all the packages you installed into it are now + gone. + + There are no traces left to pollute your world. diff --git a/source/presentations/week01.rst b/source/presentations/week01.rst deleted file mode 100644 index c7fb4361..00000000 --- a/source/presentations/week01.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,849 +0,0 @@ -Internet Programming with Python -================================ - -.. image:: img/python.png - :align: left - :width: 33% - -Week 1: Networking and Sockets - -.. class:: intro-blurb - -Wherein we learn about the basic structure of the internet and explore the -building blocks that make it possible. - -But First ---------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -Mumbo-Jumbo - -But First ---------- - -Class presentations are available online for your use - -http://github.com/cewing/training.python_web - -Licensed with Creative Commons BY-NC-SA - -* You must attribute the work -* You may not use the work for commercial purposes -* You have to share your versions just like this one - -Find mistakes? See improvements? Make a pull request. - -But First ---------- - -Class Structure - -* ~20 minutes of Review and Discussion - -* 5 minute break - -* ~1 hour of Lecture and Exercises - -* 10 minute break - -* ~1 hour of Lab Time - -* 5 minute break - -* ~20 minutes of Lightning Talks - -But First ---------- - -I'll spend a lot of time talking - -.. class:: incremental - -Don't make the mistake of thinking this means I know everything - -.. class:: incremental - -Each of us has domain expertise, share it - -But First ---------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -Introductions - -Finally -------- - -.. class:: big-centered - - And now, let us begin! - -Questions From the Reading? ---------------------------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -do you have any? - -Computer Communications ------------------------ - -.. image:: img/network_topology.png - :align: left - :width: 40% - -.. class:: incremental - -* processes can communicate - -* inside one machine - -* between two machines - -* among many machines - -.. class:: image-credit - -image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite - -Computer Communications ------------------------ - -.. image:: img/data_in_tcpip_stack.png - :align: left - :width: 55% - -.. class:: incremental - -* Process divided into 'layers' - -* 'Layers' are mostly arbitrary - -* Different descriptions have different layers - -* Most common is the 'TCP/IP Stack' - -.. class:: image-credit - -image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite - -The TCP/IP Stack - Link ------------------------ - -The bottom layer is the 'Link Layer' - -.. class:: incremental - -* Deals with the physical connections between machines, 'the wire' - -* Packages data for physical transport - -* Executes transmission over a physical medium - - * what that medium is is arbitrary - -* Primarily uses the Network Interface Card (NIC) in your computer - -The TCP/IP Stack - Internet ---------------------------- - -Moving up, we have the 'Internet Layer' - -.. class:: incremental - -* Deals with addressing and routing - - * Where are we going? - - * What path do we take to get there? - -* Agnostic as to physical medium (IP over Avian Carrier - IPoAC) - -* Makes no promises of reliability - -* Two addressing systems - - .. class:: incremental - - * IPv4 (current, limited '192.168.1.100') - - * IPv6 (future, 3.4 x 10^38 addresses, '2001:0db8:85a3:0042:0000:8a2e:0370:7334') - -The TCP/IP Stack - Internet ---------------------------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -That's 4.3 x 10^28 addresses *per person alive today* - -The TCP/IP Stack - Transport ----------------------------- - -Next up is the 'Transport Layer' - -.. class:: incremental - -* Deals with transmission and reception of data - - * error correction, flow control, congestion management - -* Common protocols include TCP & UDP - - * TCP: Tranmission Control Protocol - - * UDP: User Datagram Protocol - -* Not all Transport Protocols are 'reliable' - - .. class:: incremental - - * TCP ensures that dropped packets are resent - - * UDP makes no such assurance - - * Reliability is slow and expensive - -The TCP/IP Stack - Transport ----------------------------- - -The 'Transport Layer' also establishes the concept of a **port** - -.. class:: incremental - -* IP Addresses designate a specific *machine* on the network - -* A **port** provides addressing for individual *applications* in a single host - -* 192.168.1.100:80 (the *:80* part is the **port**) - -.. class:: incremental - -This means that you don't have to worry about information intended for your -web browser being accidentally read by your email client. - -The TCP/IP Stack - Transport ----------------------------- - -There are certain **ports** which are commonly understood to belong to given -applications or protocols: - -.. class:: incremental - -* 80/443 - HTTP/HTTPS -* 20 - FTP -* 22 - SSH -* 23 - Telnet -* 25 - SMTP -* ... - -.. class:: small - -(see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers) - -The TCP/IP Stack - Transport ----------------------------- - -Ports are grouped into a few different classes - -.. class:: incremental - -* Ports numbered 0 - 1023 are *reserved* - -* Ports numbered 1024 - 65535 are *open* - -* Ports numbered 49152 - 65535 are generally considered *ephemeral* - -The TCP/IP Stack - Application ------------------------------- - -The topmost layer is the 'Application Layer' - -.. class:: incremental - -* Deals directly with data produced or consumed by an application - -* Reads or writes data using a set of understood, well-defined **protocols** - - * HTTP, SMTP, FTP etc. - -* Does not know (or need to know) about lower layer functionality - - * The exception to this rule is **endpoint** data (or IP:Port) - -The TCP/IP Stack - Application ------------------------------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -this is where we live and work - -Sockets -------- - -Think back for a second to what we just finished discussing, the TCP/IP stack. - -.. class:: incremental - -* The *Internet* layer gives us an **IP Address** - -* The *Transport* layer establishes the idea of a **port**. - -* The *Application* layer doesn't care about what happens below... - -* *Except for* **endpoint data** (IP:Port) - -.. class:: incremental - -A **Socket** is the software representation of that endpoint. - -.. class:: incremental - -Opening a **socket** creates a kind of transceiver that can send and/or -receive data at a given IP address and Port. - -Sockets in Python ------------------ - -Python provides a standard library module which provides socket functionality. -It is called **socket**. Let's spend a few minutes getting to know this -module. - -We're going to do this next part together, so open up a terminal and start -python. - -Sockets in Python ------------------ - -The sockets library provides tools for finding out information about hosts on -the network. For example, you can find out about the machine you are currently -using:: - - >>> import socket - >>> socket.gethostname() - 'heffalump.local' - >>> socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()) - '10.211.55.2' - >>> socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethosthame()) - ('heffalump.local', [], ['10.211.55.2', '10.37.129.2', '192.168.1.102']) - -Sockets in Python ------------------ - -You can also find out about machines that are located elsewhere, for example:: - - >>> socket.gethostbyname_ex('google.com') - ('google.com', [], ['173.194.33.9', '173.194.33.14', - ... - '173.194.33.6', '173.194.33.7', - '173.194.33.8']) - >>> socket.gethostbyname_ex('www.rad.washington.edu') - ('elladan.rad.washington.edu', # <- canonical hostname - ['www.rad.washington.edu'], # <- any aliases - ['128.95.247.84']) # <- all active IP addresses - -Sockets in Python ------------------ - -To create a socket, you use the **socket** method of the ``socket`` library:: - - >>> foo = socket.socket() - >>> foo - - -Sockets in Python ------------------ - -A socket has some properties that are immediately important to us. These -include the *family*, *type* and *protocol* of the socket:: - - >>> foo.family - 2 - >>> foo.type - 1 - >>> foo.proto - 0 - -Socket Families ---------------- - -Think back a moment to our discussion of the *Internet* layer of the TCP/IP -stack. There were a couple of different types of IP addresses: - -.. class:: incremental - -* IPv4 ('192.168.1.100') - -* IPv6 ('2001:0db8:85a3:0042:0000:8a2e:0370:7334') - -.. class:: incremental - -The *family* of a socket corresponds to the type of address you use to make a -connection to it. - -A quick utility method ----------------------- - -Let's explore these families for a moment. To do so, we're going to define -a method we can use to read contstants from the ``socket`` library. It will -take a single argument, the shared prefix for a defined set of constants:: - - >>> def get_constants(prefix): - ... """mapping of socket module constants to their names.""" - ... return dict( (getattr(socket, n), n) - ... for n in dir(socket) - ... if n.startswith(prefix) - ... ) - ... - >>> - -Socket Families ---------------- - -Families defined in the ``socket`` library are prefixed by ``AF_``:: - - >>> families = get_constants('AF_') - >>> families - {0: 'AF_UNSPEC', 1: 'AF_UNIX', 2: 'AF_INET', - 11: 'AF_SNA', 12: 'AF_DECnet', 16: 'AF_APPLETALK', - 17: 'AF_ROUTE', 23: 'AF_IPX', 30: 'AF_INET6'} - -.. class:: small incremental - -*Your results may vary* - -.. class:: incremental - -Of all of these, the ones we care most about are ``2`` (IPv4) and ``30`` (IPv6). - -Unix Domain Sockets -------------------- - -When you are on a machine with an operating system that is Unix-like, you will -find another generally useful socket family: ``AF_UNIX``, or Unix Domain -Sockets. Sockets in this family: - -.. class:: incremental - -* connect processes **on the same machine** - -* are generally a bit slower than IPC connnections - -* have the benefit of allowing the same API for programs that might run on one - machine __or__ across the network - -* use an 'address' that looks like a pathname ('/tmp/foo.sock') - -Socket Families ---------------- - -What is the *default* family for the socket we created just a moment ago? - -.. class:: incremental - -(remember we bound the socket to the symbol ``foo``) - -Socket Types ------------- - -The socket type determines how the socket handles connections. Socket type -constants defined in the ``socket`` library are prefixed by ``SOCK_``:: - - >>> types = get_constants('SOCK_') - >>> types - {1: 'SOCK_STREAM', 2: 'SOCK_DGRAM', - ...} - -.. class:: incremental - -In general, the only two of these that are widely useful are ``1`` -(representing TCP type connections) and ``2`` (representing UDP type -connections). - -Socket Types ------------- - -What is the *default* type for our generic socket, ``foo``? - -Socket Protocols ----------------- - -A socket also has a designated *protocol*. The constants for these are -prefixed by ``IPPROTO``:: - - >>> protocols = get_constants('IPPROTO_') - >>> protocols - {0: 'IPPROTO_IP', 1: 'IPPROTO_ICMP', - ..., - 255: 'IPPROTO_RAW'} - -.. class:: incremental - -The choice of which protocol to use for a socket is determined by the type of -activity the socket is intended to support. What messages are you needing to -send? - -Socket Protocols ----------------- - -What is the *default* protocol used by our generic socket, ``foo``? - -Address Information -------------------- - -When creating a socket, you can provide ``family``, ``type`` and ``protocol`` -as arguments to the constructor:: - - >>> bar = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, - ... socket.SOCK_STREAM, - ... socket.IPPROTO_IP) - ... - >>> bar - - -Address Information -------------------- - -But how do you find out the *right* values? - -.. class:: incremental - -You ask. - -A quick utility method ----------------------- - -Create the following function:: - - >>> def get_address_info(host, port): - ... for response in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port): - ... fam, typ, pro, nam, add = response - ... print 'family: ', families[fam] - ... print 'type: ', types[typ] - ... print 'protocol: ', protocols[pro] - ... print 'canonical name: ', nam - ... print 'socket address: ', add - ... print - ... - >>> - -On Your Own Machine -------------------- - -Now, ask your own machine what services are available on 'http':: - - >>> get_address_info(socket.gethostname(), 'http') - family: AF_INET - type: SOCK_DGRAM - protocol: IPPROTO_UDP - canonical name: - socket address: ('10.211.55.2', 80) - - family: AF_INET - ... - >>> - -.. class:: incremental - -What answers do you get? - -On the Internet ---------------- - -:: - - >>> get_address_info('www.google.com', 'http') - family: AF_INET - type: SOCK_STREAM - protocol: IPPROTO_TCP - canonical name: - socket address: ('74.125.129.105', 80) - - family: AF_INET - ... - >>> - -.. class:: incremental - -Try a few other servers you know about. - -First Steps ------------ - -.. class:: big-centered - -Let's put this to use - -Client Connections ------------------- - -The information returned by a call to ``socket.getaddrinfo`` is all you need -to make a proper connection to a socket on a remote host. The value returned -is a tuple of - -.. class:: incremental - -* socket family -* socket type -* socket protocol -* canonical name -* socket address - -Construct a Socket ------------------- - -We've already made a socket ``foo`` using the generic constructor without any -arguments. We can make a better one now by using real address information from -a real server online:: - - >>> all = socket.getaddrinfo('www.google.com', 'http') - >>> info = all[0] - >>> info - (2, 1, 6, '', ('173.194.79.104', 80)) - >>> google_socket = socket.socket(*info[:3]) - - -Connecting a Socket -------------------- - -Once the socket is constructed with the appropriate *family*, *type* and -*protocol*, we can connect it to the address of our remote server:: - - >>> google_socket.connect(info[-1]) - >>> - -.. class:: incremental - -* a successful connection returns ``None`` - -* a failed connection raises an error - -* you can use the *type* of error returned to tell why the connection failed. - -Sending a Message ------------------ - -We can send a message to the server on the other end of our connection:: - - >>> msg = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n" - >>> google_socket.sendall(msg) - >>> - -.. class:: incremental - -* the transmission continues until all data is sent or an error occurs - -* success returns ``None`` - -* failure to send raises an error - -* you can use the type of error to figure out why the transmission failed - -* you cannot know how much, if any, of your data was sent - -Receiving an Reply ------------------- - -Whatever reply we get is received by the socket we created. We can read it -back out:: - - >>> response = google_socket.recv(4096) - >>> response - 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nDate: Thu, 03 Jan 2013 05:56:53 - ... - -.. class:: incremental - -* The sole required argument is a buffer size, it should be a power of 2 and - smallish - -* the returned value will be a string of buffer size (or smaller if less data - was received) - - -Cleaning Up ------------ - -When you are finished with a connection, you should always close it:: - - >>> google_socket.close() - -Putting it all together ------------------------ - -:: - - >>> all = socket.getaddrinfo('google.com', 'http') - >>> info = all[0] - >>> gs = socket.socket(*info[:3]) - >>> gs.connect(info[-1]) - >>> msg = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n" - >>> gs.sendall(msg) - >>> response = gs.recv(4096) - >>> response - ... 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n... - >>> gs.close() - -Server Side ------------ - -.. class:: big-centered - -What about the other half of the equation? - -Construct a Socket ------------------- - -For the moment, stop typing this into your interpreter. - -Again, we begin by constructing a socket. Since we are actually the server -this time, we get to choose family, type and protocol:: - - >>> server_socket = socket.socket( - ... socket.AF_INET, - ... socket.SOCK_STREAM, - ... socket.IPPROTO_IP) - ... - >>> server_socket - - -Bind the Socket ---------------- - -Our server socket needs to be bound to an address. This is the IP Address and -Port to which clients must connect:: - - >>> address = ('127.0.0.1', 50000) - >>> server_socket.bind(address) - -Listen for Connections ----------------------- - -Once our socket is created, we use it to listen for attempted connections:: - - >>> server_socket.listen(1) - -.. class:: incremental - -* the argument to ``listen`` is the *backlog* - -* the *backlog* is the maximum number of connections that the socket will queue - -* once the limit is reached, the socket refuses new connections - - -Accept Incoming Messages ------------------------- - -When a socket is listening, it can receive incoming messages:: - - >>> connection, client_address = server_socket.accept() - ... # note that nothing happens here until a client sends something - >>> connection.recv(16) - -.. class:: incremental - -* the ``connection`` returned by a call to ``accept`` is a **new socket** - -* you do not need to know what port it uses, this is managed - -* the ``client_address`` is a two-tuple of IP Address and Port (very familiar) - -* ``backlog`` represents the maximum number of ``connection`` sockets that a - server can spin off - -* close a ``connection`` socket to accept a new connection once the max is - reached - -Send a Reply ------------- - -You can use the ``connection`` socket spun off by ``accept`` to send a reply -back to the client socket:: - - >>> connection.sendall("messasge received") - -Clean Up --------- - -Once a transaction between the client and server is complete, the -``connection`` socket should be closed so that new connections can be made:: - - >>> connection.close() - -Putting it all together ------------------------ - -Open a second terminal next to your first, and let's try out the full -connection: - -.. image:: img/socket_interaction.png - :align: center - :width: 100% - - -Lab Time --------- - -For our class lab time today, let's explore what we've learned. First, we'll -need the samples: - -.. class:: incremental - -* visit the class repository (http://github.com/cewing/training.python_web) - -* `create a fork`_ of the repository in your own git account - -* clone your fork to your local machine - -.. _create a fork: http://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo - -Lab Time --------- - -In the repository you've just cloned, you'll find a directory called -``assignments``. This is where all our class lab and take-home assignments -will be located. - -.. class:: incremental - -* Find ``assignments/week01/lab`` - -* Open ``echo_server.py`` and ``echo_client.py`` - -* Using what you've learned today, complete the server and client by replacing - comments with real code - -* Start the server on your local machine, run the client and send some messages - -* If you complete that, then copy the server to your Blue Box VM. Run it - remotely and use the client to send it some messages - -* What do you have to change to make that work? - -Assignment ----------- - -Using what you've learned, expand on the client/server relationship. Create a -server which accepts two numbers, adds them, and returns the result to the -client. - -Submitting the Assignment -------------------------- - -* Add ``sum_server.py`` and ``sum_client.py`` to the - ``assignments/week01/athome/`` directory of your fork of the class - repository. - -* When you are satisfied with your code, `make a pull request`_ - -* I should be able to run the server and client scripts on my local machine - and get results. - -* For bonus points, set the server running on your VM. I should be able to run - your client script from my local machine and get the expected reply. - -* Due by Sunday morning if you want me to review it :) - -.. _make a pull request: http://help.github.com/articles/using-pull-requests \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/source/presentations/week02.rst b/source/presentations/week02.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 29eefe6b..00000000 --- a/source/presentations/week02.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1077 +0,0 @@ -Internet Programming with Python -================================ - -.. image:: img/protocol.png - :align: left - :width: 45% - -Week 2: Web Protocols - -.. class:: intro-blurb - -Wherein we learn about the languages that the internet speaks and how to -choose the right one for our message - -But First ---------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -Review from the Assignment - -And Second ----------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -Questions from the Reading? - -And Now... ----------- - -.. image:: img/protocol_sea.png - :align: center - :width: 48% - -.. class:: image-credit - -image exerpted from: http://xkcd.com/802/ - -What is a Protocol? -------------------- - -.. class:: incremental center - -a set of rules or conventions - -.. class:: incremental center - -governing communications - - -Protocols IRL -------------- - -Life has lots of sets of rules for how to do things. - -.. class:: incremental - -* What do you do on a first date? - -* What do you do in a job interview? - -* What do (and don't) you talk about at a dinner party? - -* ...? - -Protocols IRL -------------- - -.. image:: img/icup.png - :align: center - :width: 58% - -.. class:: image-credit - -http://blog.xkcd.com/2009/09/02/urinal-protocol-vulnerability/ - -Protocols In Computers ----------------------- - -Digital life has lots of rules too: - -.. class:: incremental - -* how to identify yourself - -* how to find a conversation partner - -* how to ask for information - -* how to provide answers - -* how to say goodbye - -Real Protocol Examples ----------------------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -What does this look like in practice? - -Real Protocol Examples ----------------------- - -.. class:: incremental - -* SMTP (Simple Message Transfer Protocol) - http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321#appendix-D - -* POP3 (Post Office Protocol) - http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ch05s03.html - -* IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) - http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ch05s03.html - -* HTTP (Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol) - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol - -What does SMTP look like? -------------------------- - -SMTP (Identify yourself and find a partner):: - - S: 220 foo.com Simple Mail Transfer Service Ready - C: EHLO bar.com - S: 250-foo.com greets bar.com - S: 250-8BITMIME - S: 250-SIZE - S: 250-DSN - S: 250 HELP - -What does SMTP look like? -------------------------- - -SMTP (Ask for information, provide answers):: - - C: MAIL FROM: - S: 250 OK - C: RCPT TO: - S: 250 OK - C: RCPT TO: - S: 550 No such user here - C: DATA - S: 354 Start mail input; end with . - C: Blah blah blah... - C: ...etc. etc. etc. - C: . - S: 250 OK - -What does SMTP look like? -------------------------- - -SMTP (Say goodbye):: - - C: QUIT - S: 221 foo.com Service closing transmission channel - -What does POP3 look like? -------------------------- - -POP3 (Identify yourself and find a partner):: - - C: - S: +OK POP3 server ready <1896.6971@mailgate.dobbs.org> - C: USER bob - S: +OK bob - C: PASS redqueen - S: +OK bob's maildrop has 2 messages (320 octets) - -What does POP3 look like? -------------------------- - -POP3 (Ask for information, provide answers):: - - C: STAT - S: +OK 2 320 - C: LIST - S: +OK 2 messages (320 octets) - S: 1 120 - S: 2 200 - S: . - -What does POP3 look like? -------------------------- - -POP3 (Ask for information, provide answers):: - - C: RETR 1 - S: +OK 120 octets - S: - S: . - C: DELE 1 - S: +OK message 1 deleted - C: RETR 2 - S: +OK 200 octets - S: - S: . - C: DELE 2 - S: +OK message 2 deleted - -What does POP3 look like? -------------------------- - -POP3 (Say goodbye):: - - C: QUIT - S: +OK dewey POP3 server signing off (maildrop empty) - C: - -What does IMAP look like? -------------------------- - -IMAP (Identify yourself and find a partner):: - - C: - S: * OK example.com IMAP4rev1 v12.264 server ready - C: A0001 USER "frobozz" "xyzzy" - S: * OK User frobozz authenticated - -What does IMAP look like? -------------------------- - -IMAP (Ask for information, provide answers [connect to an inbox]):: - - C: A0002 SELECT INBOX - S: * 1 EXISTS - S: * 1 RECENT - S: * FLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Draft \Seen) - S: * OK [UNSEEN 1] first unseen message in /var/spool/mail/esr - S: A0002 OK [READ-WRITE] SELECT completed - -What does IMAP look like? -------------------------- - -IMAP (Ask for information, provide answers [Get message sizes]):: - - C: A0003 FETCH 1 RFC822.SIZE - S: * 1 FETCH (RFC822.SIZE 2545) - S: A0003 OK FETCH completed - -What does IMAP look like? -------------------------- - -IMAP (Ask for information, provide answers [Get first message header]):: - - C: A0004 FETCH 1 BODY[HEADER] - S: * 1 FETCH (RFC822.HEADER {1425} - - S: ) - S: A0004 OK FETCH completed - -What does IMAP look like? -------------------------- - -IMAP (Ask for information, provide answers [Get first message body]):: - - C: A0005 FETCH 1 BODY[TEXT] - S: * 1 FETCH (BODY[TEXT] {1120} - - S: ) - S: * 1 FETCH (FLAGS (\Recent \Seen)) - S: A0005 OK FETCH completed - -What does IMAP look like? -------------------------- - -IMAP (Say goodbye):: - - C: A0006 LOGOUT - S: * BYE example.com IMAP4rev1 server terminating connection - S: A0006 OK LOGOUT completed - C: - -Notice Any Difference? ----------------------- - -POP3 Commands: - -.. class:: incremental - -* STAT -* LIST -* RETR 1 -* DELE 1 -* QUIT - -Notice Any Difference? ----------------------- - -IMAP Commands: - -.. class:: incremental - -* A0001 USER "frobozz" "xyzzy" -* A0002 SELECT INBOX -* A0003 FETCH 1 RFC822.SIZE -* A0004 FETCH 1 BODY[HEADER] -* A0005 FETCH 1 BODY[TEXT] -* A0006 LOGOUT - -Notice Any Difference? ----------------------- - -Sequence Identifiers allow the client to send commands without waiting for -responses. - -Re-ordered IMAP Interaction ---------------------------- - -:: - - C: A0001 USER "frobozz" "xyzzy" - S: * OK User frobozz authenticated - C: A0002 SELECT INBOX - S: ... - S: A0002 OK [READ-WRITE] SELECT completed - C: A0003 FETCH 1 RFC822.SIZE - C: A0004 FETCH 1 BODY[HEADER] - C: A0005 FETCH 1 BODY[TEXT] - S: * 1 FETCH (RFC822.SIZE 2545) - S: A0003 OK FETCH completed - ... - ... - C: A0006 LOGOUT - ... - -Which Protocol do you Choose? ------------------------------ - -Stacking commands is more efficient, but would it work for POP3? - -.. class:: incremental - -Why not? - -What does HTTP look like? -------------------------- - -HTTP (Ask for information):: - - GET /index.html HTTP/1.1 - Host: www.example.com - \r\n - -What does HTTP look like? -------------------------- - -HTTP (Provide answers):: - - HTTP/1.1 200 OK - Date: Mon, 23 May 2005 22:38:34 GMT - Server: Apache/1.3.3.7 (Unix) (Red-Hat/Linux) - Last-Modified: Wed, 08 Jan 2003 23:11:55 GMT - Etag: "3f80f-1b6-3e1cb03b" - Accept-Ranges: none - Content-Length: 438 - Connection: close - Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 - \r\n - <438 bytes of content> - -Protocols in Python -------------------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -Let's try this out for ourselves! - -Protocols in Python -------------------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -Fire up a Python interpreter - -SMTP in Python --------------- - -Start by importing smtplib (part of the standard library):: - - >>> import smtplib - >>> dir(smtplib) - ['CRLF', 'LMTP', 'LMTP_PORT', 'OLDSTYLE_AUTH', - 'SMTP', 'SMTPAuthenticationError', 'SMTPConnectError', - 'SMTPDataError', 'SMTPException', 'SMTPHeloError', - 'SMTPRecipientsRefused', 'SMTPResponseException', - 'SMTPSenderRefused', 'SMTPServerDisconnected', - 'SMTP_PORT', 'SMTP_SSL', 'SMTP_SSL_PORT', 'SSLFakeFile', - '__all__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', - '__name__', '__package__', '_have_ssl', 'base64', 'email', - 'encode_base64', 'hmac', 'quoteaddr', 'quotedata', 're', - 'socket', 'ssl', 'stderr'] - -SMTP in Python --------------- - -Let's make a connection to a server. We'll use one I've set up in advance to -avoid needing to create one of our own:: - - >>> server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.webfaction.com', 587) - >>> server.set_debuglevel(True) # to see interaction - >>> server.ehlo() - send: 'ehlo heffalump.local\r\n' - reply: '250-smtp.webfaction.com\r\n' - reply: '250-PIPELINING\r\n' - reply: '250-SIZE 20971520\r\n' - reply: '250-VRFY\r\n' - reply: '250-ETRN\r\n' - reply: '250-STARTTLS\r\n' - ... - -SMTP in Python --------------- - -Does our server support TLS (secure transmissions?):: - - >>> server.has_extn('STARTTLS') - True - -What other extensions are available?:: - - >>> server.esmpt_features.keys() - ['enhancedstatuscodes', 'etrn', 'starttls', - 'auth', 'dsn', '8bitmime', 'pipelining', - 'size', 'vrfy'] - -SMTP in Python --------------- - -Some SMTP servers require authentication. This is one such server. Before -passing our username and password, though, we should turn on TLS for the sake -of security:: - - >>> server.starttls() - >>> server.ehlo() # re-identify after TLS begins - >>> server.login(username, password) - -SMTP in Python --------------- - -Let's prepare a message to be sent to our server:: - - >>> from_addr = "YOUR NAME " - >>> to_addrs = "demo@crisewing.com" - >>> subject = "this is a test" - >>> message = "a message from python smtplib" - -SMTP in Python --------------- - -Email sent via SMTP requires certain formatting. It's part of the Protocol. In -particular, note that the headers are separated by CRLF sequences. This is -very common across internet protocols:: - - >>> template = "From: %s\r\nTo: %s\r\nSubject: %s\r\n\r\n" - >>> headers = template % (from_addr, to_addrs, subject) - -SMTP in Python --------------- - -A message is the headers, plus the body of the message:: - - >>> email_body = headers + message - -Sending the email is accomplished by calling the ``sendmail`` method on our -server object, after which we should close the connection:: - - >>> server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addrs, ], email_body) - >>> server.close() - -Putting it all Together ------------------------ - -:: - - >>> from_addr = "YOUR NAME " - >>> to_addrs = "demo@crisewing.com" - >>> subject = "this is a test" - >>> message = "a message from python smtplib" - >>> template = "From: %s\r\nTo: %s\r\nSubject: %s\r\n\r\n" - >>> headers = template % (from_addr, to_addrs, subject) - -Putting it all Together ------------------------ - -:: - - >>> server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.webfaction.com', 587) - >>> server.set_debuglevel(True) - >>> server.ehlo() - >>> server.starttls() - >>> server.ehlo() # re-identify after TLS begins - >>> server.login(username, password) - >>> email_body = headers + message - >>> server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addrs, ], email_body) - >>> server.close() - -Python Means Batteries Included -------------------------------- - -So in fact we have a module in the standard library for email support:: - - >>> import email.utils - >>> from email.mime.text import MIMEText - >>> from_addr = "addr@host.com" - >>> to_addrs = "other@another.com" - >>> msg = MIMEText("This is an email message") - >>> msg['From'] = email.utils.formataddr(("Name", from_addr)) - >>> msg['To'] = email.utils.formataddr(("Name", to_addrs)) - >>> msg['Subject'] = "Simple Test" - >>> server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addrs, ], msg.as_string()) - -IMAP in Python --------------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -Let's read that email we just sent - -IMAP in Python --------------- - -Again, begin by importing the module from the Python Standard Library:: - - >>> import imaplib - >>> dir(imaplib) - ['AllowedVersions', 'CRLF', 'Commands', - 'Continuation', 'Debug', 'Flags', 'IMAP4', - 'IMAP4_PORT', 'IMAP4_SSL', 'IMAP4_SSL_PORT', - 'IMAP4_stream', 'Int2AP', 'InternalDate', - 'Internaldate2tuple', 'Literal', 'MapCRLF', - 'Mon2num', 'ParseFlags', 'Response_code', - 'Time2Internaldate', 'Untagged_response', - 'Untagged_status', '_Authenticator', ...] - -IMAP in Python --------------- - -We set up a client object. WebFaction requires SSL for connecting to IMAP -servers, so let's initialize an IMAP4_SSL client and authenticate:: - - >>> conn = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('mail.webfaction.com') - 57:04.83 imaplib version 2.58 - 57:04.83 new IMAP4 connection, tag=FNHG - >>> conn.login(username, password) - ('OK', ['Logged in.']) - -IMAP in Python --------------- - -Let's set up debugging here too, so that we can see the communication back and -forth between client and server:: - - >>> conn.debug = 4 # >3 prints all messages - -We can start by listing the mailboxes we have on the server:: - - >>> conn.list() - 00:41.91 > FNHG3 LIST "" * - 00:41.99 < * LIST (\HasNoChildren) "." "INBOX" - 00:41.99 < FNHG3 OK List completed. - ('OK', ['(\\HasNoChildren) "." "INBOX"']) - -IMAP in Python --------------- - -We can find out about the mail on our server. We do this by querying for -`status`. IMAP provides a few different status values, let's ask for them -all:: - - >>> vals = '(MESSAGES RECENT UIDNEXT' - >>> vals += ' UIDVALIDITY UNSEEN)' - >>> conn.status('INBOX', vals) - 12:03.91 > FNHG4 STATUS INBOX (MESSAGES RECENT UIDNEXT UIDVALIDITY UNSEEN) - 12:04.01 < * STATUS "INBOX" (MESSAGES 2 RECENT 0 UIDNEXT 3 UIDVALIDITY 1357449499 UNSEEN 1) - 12:04.01 < FNHG4 OK Status completed. - ('OK', ['"INBOX" (MESSAGES 2 RECENT 0 - UIDNEXT 3 UIDVALIDITY 1357449499 - UNSEEN 1)']) - -IMAP in Python --------------- - -To interact with our email, we must select a mailbox from the list we received -earlier:: - - >>> conn.select('INBOX') - 00:00.47 > FNHG2 SELECT INBOX - 00:00.56 < * FLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Draft) - 00:00.56 < * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Draft \*)] Flags permitted. - 00:00.56 < * 2 EXISTS - 00:00.57 < * 0 RECENT - 00:00.57 < * OK [UNSEEN 2] First unseen. - 00:00.57 < * OK [UIDVALIDITY 1357449499] UIDs valid - 00:00.57 < * OK [UIDNEXT 3] Predicted next UID - 00:00.57 < FNHG2 OK [READ-WRITE] Select completed. - ('OK', ['2']) - -IMAP in Python --------------- - -We can search our selected mailbox for messages matching one or more criteria. -The return value is a string list of the UIDs of messages that match our -search:: - - >>> conn.search(None, '(FROM "IPIP")') - 18:25.41 > FNHG5 SEARCH (FROM "IPIP") - 18:25.54 < * SEARCH 1 2 - 18:25.54 < FNHG5 OK Search completed. - ('OK', ['1 2']) - >>> - -IMAP in Python --------------- - -Once we've found a message we want to look at, we can use the ``fetch`` -command to read it from the server. IMAP allows fetching each part of -a message independently:: - - >>> conn.fetch('2', '(BODY[HEADER])') - ... - >>> conn.fetch('2', '(BODY[TEXT])') - ... - >>> conn.fetch('2', '(FLAGS)') - -IMAP in Python --------------- - -It is even possible to download an entire message in raw format, and load that -into a python email message object:: - - >>> import email - >>> typ, data = conn.fetch('2', '(RFC822)') - 28:08.40 > FNHG8 FETCH 2 (RFC822) - ... - >>> for part in data: - ... if isinstance(part, tuple): - ... msg = email.message_from_string(part[1]) - ... - >>> - -IMAP in Python --------------- - -Once we have that, we can play with the resulting email object:: - - >>> msg['to'] - 'demo@crisewing.com' - >>> print msg.get_payload() - This is an email message - -IMAP in Python --------------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -Neat, huh? - -What Have We Learned? ---------------------- - -.. class:: incremental - -* Protocols are just a set of rules for how to communicate - -* A given protocol has a set of commands it knows - -* If we properly format requests to a server, we can get answers - -* Python supports a number of these protocols - - * So we don't have to remember how to format the commands ourselves - - .. class:: incremental - - * But in every case we've seen so far, we could do the same thing with a - socket and some strings - -HTTP ----- - -.. class:: big-centered - -HTTP is no different - -HTTP ----- - -We are concerned with two things in HTTP: - -.. class:: incremental - -* Requests (Asking for information) -* Responses (Providing answers) - -HTTP Req/Resp Format --------------------- - -Both share a common basic format: - -.. class:: incremental - -* Line separators are -* An required initial line -* A (mostly) optional set of headers, one per line -* A blank line -* An optional body - -.. class:: incremental - -"Be strict in what you send and tolerant in what you receive" - -HTTP Requests -------------- - -In HTTP 1.0, the only required line in an HTTP request is this:: - - GET /path/to/index.html HTTP/1.0 - - -.. class:: incremental - -As virtual hosting grew more common, that was not enough, so HTTP 1.1 adds a -single required *header*, **Host**: - -.. class:: incremental - -:: - - GET /path/to/index.html HTTP/1.1 - Host: www.mysite1.com:80 - - -HTTP Verbs ----------- - -**GET** ``/path/to/index.html HTTP/1.1`` - -.. class:: incremental - -* Every HTTP request must start with a *verb* -* There are four main HTTP verbs: - - .. class:: incremental - - * GET - * POST - * PUT - * DELETE - -.. class:: incremental - -* There are others, notably HEAD, but you won't see them too much - -HTTP Verbs ----------- - -These four verbs are mapped to the four basic steps of a *CRUD* content management -cycle: - -.. class:: incremental - -* POST = Create -* GET = Read -* PUT = Update -* DELETE = Delete - -Verbs: Safe <--> Unsafe ------------------------ - -HTTP verbs can be categorized as **safe** or **unsafe**, based on whether they -might change something on the server: - -.. class:: incremental - -* Safe HTTP Verbs - * GET -* Unsafe HTTP Verbs - * POST - * PUT - * DELETE - -.. class:: incremental - -This is a *normative* distinction, which is to say **be careful** - -Verbs: Idempoent <--> ??? -------------------------- - -HTTP verbs can be categorized as **idempotent**, based on whether a given -request will always have the same result: - -.. class:: incremental - -* Idempotent HTTP Verbs - * GET - * PUT - * DELETE -* Non-Idempotent HTTP Verbs - * POST - -.. class:: incremental - -Again, *normative*. The developer is responsible for ensuring that it is true. - -HTTP Requests: URI ------------------- - -``GET`` **/path/to/index.html** ``HTTP/1.1`` - -.. class:: incremental - -* Every HTTP request must include a **URI** used to determine the **resource** to - be returned - -* URI?? - http://stackoverflow.com/questions/176264/whats-the-difference-between-a-uri-and-a-url/1984225#1984225 - -* Resource? Files (html, img, .js, .css), but also: - - .. class:: incremental - - * Dynamic scripts - * Raw data - * API endpoints - -HTTP Responses --------------- - -In both HTTP 1.0 and 1.1, a proper response consists of an intial line, -followed by optional headers, a single blank line, and then optionally a -response body:: - - HTTP/1.1 200 OK - Content-Type: text/plain - - this is a pretty minimal response - -HTTP Response Codes -------------------- - -``HTTP/1.1`` **200 OK** - -All HTTP responses must include a **response code** indicating the outcome of -the request. - -.. class:: incremental - -* 1xx (HTTP 1.1 only) - Informational message -* 2xx - Success of some kind -* 3xx - Redirection of some kind -* 4xx - Client Error of some kind -* 5xx - Server Error of some kind - -.. class:: incremental - -The text bit makes the code more human-readable - -Common Response Codes ---------------------- - -There are certain HTTP response codes you are likely to see (and use) most -often: - -.. class:: incremental - -* ``200 OK`` - Everything is good -* ``301 Moved Permanently`` - You should update your link -* ``304 Not Modified`` - You should load this from cache -* ``404 Not Found`` - You've asked for something that doesn't exist -* ``500 Internal Server Error`` - Something bad happened - -.. class:: incremental - -Do not be afraid to use other, less common codes in building good RESTful -apps. There are a lot of them for a reason. See -http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html - -HTTP Headers ------------- - -Both requests and responses can contain **headers** of the form ``Name: Value`` - -.. class:: incremental - -* HTTP 1.0 has 16, 1.1 has 46 -* Any number of spaces or tabs may separate the *name* from the *value* -* If a header line starts with spaces or tabs, it is considered part of the - value for the previous header -* Header *names* are **not** case-sensitive, but *values* may be - -.. class:: incremental - -read more about HTTP headers: http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/http.html - -Content-Type Header -------------------- - -A very common header used in HTTP responses is ``Content-Type``. It tells the -client what to expect. - -.. class:: incremental - -* uses **mime-type** (Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions) -* foo.jpeg - ``Content-Type: image/jpeg`` -* foo.png - ``Content-Type: image/png`` -* bar.txt - ``Content-Type: text/plain`` -* baz.html - ``Content-Type: text/html`` - -.. class:: incremental - -There are *many* mime-type identifiers: -http://www.webmaster-toolkit.com/mime-types.shtml - -HTTP Debugging --------------- - -When working on applications, it's nice to be able to see all this going back -and forth. There are several apps that can help with this: - -* windows: http://www.fiddler2.com/fiddler2/ -* firefox: http://getfirebug.com/ -* safari: built in -* chrome: built in -* IE (7.0+): built in - -.. class:: incremental - -These tools can show you both request and response, headers and all. Very -useful. - -Lab Time --------- - -For this lab, we'll be building a basic HTTP server. - -* update your fork of the class repository by pulling from the ``upstream`` remote - -* find the folder ``assignments/week02/lab`` and open ``echo_server.py`` - - * this is a canonical example of what we built last week - -* We'll move in steps to turn this into an HTTP server. - -Lab Time - Step 1 ------------------ - -First, echo an HTTP request - -* Run `echo_server.py` in a terminal - -* Point your browser at ``http://localhost:5000``, what do you get back? - -* Save the script as ``http_serve1.py``, then edit it to make it return the - HTML you find in ``tiny_html.html`` - -* What does this look like? - -Lab Time - Step 2 ------------------ - -Return a proper HTTP response: - -* Save the file as ``http_serve2.py`` - -* Add a new method that takes a string 'body' and returns a proper ``200 OK`` - HTTP response. Call the method ``ok_response``. - -* Bonus Points: add a GMT ``Date:`` header in the proper format (RFC-1123). - *hint: see email.utils.formatdate in the python standard library* - -* How does the returned HTML look now? - -Lab Time - Step 3 ------------------ - -Parse an incoming request to get the URI: - -* Save the file as ``http_serve3.py`` - -* Add a new method called ``parse_request`` that takes a request and returns a - URI. Have the server print the URI to the console (rudimentary logging). - -* Make sure that the method validates that the incoming request is HTTP and - that the verb is ``GET``. If either is not true, it should raise a - ValueError - -* Bonus points: add an ``client_error_response`` method that returns an - appropriate HTTP code if the validation from ``parse_request`` fails. What - is the right response code? - -Lab Time - Step 4 ------------------ - -Serve directory listings: - -* Save the file as ``http_serve4.py`` * Add a method called ``resolve_uri`` - which takes as an argument the URI returned from our previous step and - returns an HTTP response. The method should start from a given directory - ('web') and check the URI: - - * If the URI names a directory, return the content listing as a ``200 OK`` - - * If the URI names a file, raise a NotImplementedError (coming soon) - - * If the URI does not exist, raise a ValueError - -* Bonus points: add a ``notfound_response`` method that returns a proper ``404 - Not Found`` response to the client. Use it when appropriate. (where is - that?) - -Lab Time - Step 5 ------------------ - -Serve different types of files: - -* Save the file as ``http_serve5.py`` - -* Update the ``resolve_uri`` method. If the URI names a file, return it as the - body of a ``200 OK`` response. - -* You'll need a way to return the approprate ``Content-Type:`` header. - -* Support at least ``.html``, ``.txt``, ``.jpeg``, and ``.png`` files - -* Try it out. - -.. class:: incremental - -You've now got a reasonably functional HTTP web server. Congratulations! - -Assignment ----------- - -Using what you've learned this week, take your new webserver to the next -level. Accomplish as many of the following as you can: - -* If you were unable to complete the first five steps in class, circle back - and finish them - -* Complete the 'Bonus point' parts from the first five steps, if you haven't - already done so - -* Format your directory listing as HTML - -* In the HTML directory listing, make the files clickable links - -* Add a new, dynamic endpoint. If the URI /time-page is requested, return an - HTML page with the current time displayed. - -Submitting the Assignment -------------------------- - -* Copy your final html server into the ``assignments/week02/athome`` - directory in your fork of the repository. - -* Copy the ``assignments/week02/lab/web`` directory into - ``assignments/week02/at_home`` - -* Make a new plain-text file at the top level of the web directory. Tell me - what you did in it. - -* Make a new pull request for the week02 assignments. - -* I should be able to run the server on my local machine, open your plain text - file in my browser, and evaluate your work from there. - -* For bonus points, set the server running on your VM, with the ``web`` home - directory. I should be able to load http://yourserver.bluboxgrid.com:50000 - in my web browser and evaluate your results. - -Lightning Talks ---------------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -Ready, Steady, GO! \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/source/presentations/week03.rst b/source/presentations/week03.rst deleted file mode 100644 index acdd25ce..00000000 --- a/source/presentations/week03.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,388 +0,0 @@ -Internet Programming with Python -================================ - -.. image:: img/granny_mashup.png - :align: left - :width: 50% - -Week 1: Scraping, APIs and Mashups - -.. class:: intro-blurb - -Wherein we learn how to make order from the chaos of the wild internet. - -.. class:: image-credit - -image: Paul Downey http://www.flickr.com/photos/psd/492139935/ - CC-BY - -But First ---------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -Review from the Assignment - -And Second ----------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -Questions from the Reading? - -And Now... ----------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -HTML - -Ideally -------- - -:: - - - - - - -

          A nice clean paragraph

          -

          And another nice clean paragraph

          - - - -Yeah, Right ------------ - -.. class:: big-centered - -Is it ever actually like that? - -HTML... IRL ------------ - -:: - - -
          - -
          Row 1 cell 1 -
          Row 2 cell 1 - - Row 2 cell 2
          This
          sure is a long cell - - - -FFFFFFFFFUUUUUUUUUUUUU ----------------------- - -.. image:: img/scream.jpg - :align: center - :width: 32% - -.. class:: image-credit - -Photo by Matthew via Flickr (http://www.flickr.com/photos/purplemattfish/3918004964/) - CC-BY-NC-ND - -The Law of The Internet ------------------------ - -.. class:: big-centered - -"Be strict in what you send and tolerant in what you receive" - -But What If... --------------- - -.. class:: incremental - -You have some information you want to get from online. - -.. class:: incremental - -You really want to organize this information in some interesting way - -.. class:: incremental - -You *really really* don't want to spend the next three weeks cutting and -pasting - -Web Scraping ------------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -Let Python do the job for you. Fire up your interpreter! - -First Steps ------------ - -First, you need to get a web page. Let's use this one (a list of recent -blog posts about Django and PostgreSQL): - -.. class:: center incremental - -http://crisewing.com/cover/++contextportlets++ContentWellPortlets.BelowPortletManager3/open-source-posts/full_feed - -First Steps - Get Source ------------------------- - -Let's start by grabbing the page we want. We use the Python Standard Library -``urllib2`` to handle this task (note that we've shortened the URL):: - - >>> import urllib2 - >>> page = urllib2.urlopen('http://tinyurl.com/osfeeds') - >>> page - > - >>> page.code - 200 - >>> page.headers['content-type'] - 'text/html;charset=utf-8' - >>> page.headers['content-length'] - '373447' - -First Steps - Read Source -------------------------- - -We can take the page we just opened, and read it. The object is file-like, so -it supports standard file read operations:: - - >>> html = page.read() - >>> len(page) - 373447 - >>> print page - - - - - ... - - -Now What? ---------- - -**Goal**: Sort the blog post titles and URLs into two lists, one for Django -and one for PostgreSQL - -What tools do we have to do this job? - -.. class:: incremental - -* String Methods? -* Regular Expressions? - -Brief Interlude ---------------- - -.. class:: big-centered - -"Some people, when confronted with a problem, think 'I know, I'ʹll use regular -expressions.' Now they have two problems." - -Even Better ------------ - -Read this excellent rant (during break): - -http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1732348/regex-match-open-tags-except-xhtml-self-contained-tags/1732454#1732454 - -But Really ----------- - -.. class:: center - -So what *do* we use? - -.. class:: incremental center - -Special-purpose Parsers - -.. class:: incremental center - -Enter **BeautifulSoup** - -Step Back for a Moment ----------------------- - -This is going to take some preparation, so let's set aside our html page in a -way that will allow us to come back to it:: - - >>> fh = open('bloglist.html', 'w') - >>> fh.write(html) - >>> fh.close() - -Now the page is saved to a file in your current working directory. - -.. class:: incremental - -**Quit your interpreter** - -Virtualenv ----------- - -We are about to install a non-standard library. - -.. class:: incremental - -* As a real-world developer you need to do this a lot -* As a web developer you need to install *different* versions of the *same* - library -* For every non-standard library installed into a System Python, the gods kill - a kitten -* Use Virtualenv... -* **Always** - -Getting Virtualenv ------------------- - -Three options for installing virtualenv (this is the exception to the above -rule): - -* ``pip install virtualenv`` -* ``easy_install virtualenv`` - -These both demand that you first install something else. If you haven't -already got ``pip`` or ``easy_install`` try this way instead: - -* download ``https://raw.github.com/pypa/virtualenv/master/virtualenv.py`` -* remember where it goes. You'll need it - -Creating a Virtualenv ---------------------- - -Creating a new virtualenv is very very simple:: - - $ python virtualenv.py [options] - - is just the name of the environment you want to create. It's arbitrary. -Let's make one for our BeautifulSoup install:: - - $ python virtualanv.py --distribute soupenv - New python executable in fooenv/bin/python2.6 - Also creating executable in fooenv/bin/python - Installing distribute........................ - ............................................. - ...done. - -What Happened? --------------- - -When you ran that file, a couple of things took place: - -.. class:: incremental - -* A new directory with your requested name was created -* A new Python executable was created in /bin -* The new Python was cloned from the Python used to run the file -* The new Python was isolated from any libraries installed in the old Python -* Distribute (a newer, better setuptools) was installed so you have ``easy_install`` -* Pip was installed so you have ``pip`` - -.. class:: incremental - -Cool, eh? Learn more at http://www.virtualenv.org - -Using Virtualenv ----------------- - -To install new libraries into a virtualenv, the easiest process is to first -activate the env:: - - $ source soupenv/bin/activate - (soupenv)$ which python - /path/to/soupenv/bin/python - -Or, on Windows:: - - > \path\to\soupenv\Scripts\activate - -.. class:: image-credit - -If you use Powershell, read the note here: -http://www.virtualenv.org/en/latest/#activate-script - -Install BeautifulSoup ---------------------- - -Once the virtualenv is activated, you can simply use pip or easy_install to -install the libraries you want:: - - (soupenv)$ pip install beautifulsoup4 - - -Choose a Parsing Engine ------------------------ - -BeautifulSoup is built to use the Python HTMLParser. - -.. class:: incremental - -* Batteries Included. It's already there -* It kinda sucks, especially before Python 2.7.3 - -BeautifulSoup also supports using other parsers. Let's install one. There are -two decent choices: ``lxml`` and ``html5lib``. - -``lxml`` is better, but harder to install. Let's use ``html5lib`` today. - -Install a Parsing Engine ------------------------- - -Again, this is pretty simple:: - - (soupenv)$ pip install html5lib - -Once that is installed, BeautifulSoup will choose it instead of the standard -library module. - -Parsing HTML ------------- - -Okay, we're all set here. Let's load up our HTML page and get ready to scrape -it:: - - (soupenv)$ python - >>> fh = open('bloglist.html', 'r') - >>> from bs4 import BeautifulSoup - >>> parsed = BeautifulSoup(fh) - >>> - -And that's it. The document is now parsed and ready to scrape. - - - -scraps ------- - - -www.lyricsnmusic.com/api - -virtualenv - -scraping - -beautifulsoup/html5lib/[lxml (for the very brave)] - -web services - -rss/atom feeds - -xml-rpc - -soap - -rest - -lab - -scrape the latest news stories from reddit front page and sort titles by -category. Omit NSFW stories if present - -assignment - -find two web services (or one webservice and a web page to scrape), combine -the information you can get from them into a mashup. - -resource: http://www.programmableweb.com/ diff --git a/source/presentations/week04.rst b/source/presentations/week04.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 3464451e..00000000 --- a/source/presentations/week04.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -This is Week 4 --------------- \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/source/presentations/week05.rst b/source/presentations/week05.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 8a27ea12..00000000 --- a/source/presentations/week05.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -This is Week 5 --------------- \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/source/presentations/week06.rst b/source/presentations/week06.rst deleted file mode 100644 index e6943ef9..00000000 --- a/source/presentations/week06.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -This is Week 6 --------------- \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/source/presentations/week07.rst b/source/presentations/week07.rst deleted file mode 100644 index e09f312f..00000000 --- a/source/presentations/week07.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -This is Week 7 --------------- \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/source/presentations/week08.rst b/source/presentations/week08.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 5feffac1..00000000 --- a/source/presentations/week08.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -This is Week 8 --------------- \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/source/presentations/week09.rst b/source/presentations/week09.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 10e1625a..00000000 --- a/source/presentations/week09.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -This is Week 9 --------------- \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/source/presentations/week10.rst b/source/presentations/week10.rst deleted file mode 100644 index cf0978dd..00000000 --- a/source/presentations/week10.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -This is Week 10 ---------------- \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/source/readings.rst b/source/readings.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4a9ef294 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/readings.rst @@ -0,0 +1,288 @@ +.. slideconf:: + :autoslides: False + +Supplementary Course Readings +============================= + +.. slide:: Course Readings + :level: 1 + + This document contains no slides. + +Web programming is a deep pool. There's more to cover than a 10-session course +could ever hope to accomplish. To that end, I've compiled a list of related +readings that will support the information you'll learn in class. Think of +this as supplemental materials. You can read it at your leisure to help +increase both the depth and breadth of your knowledge. + +The readings are organized like the class, by session and topic. + + +Session 1 - TCP/IP and Sockets +------------------------------ + +* `Wikipedia - Internet Protocol Suite + `_ +* `Kessler - TCP/IP (sections 1 and 2) + `_ +* `Wikipedia - Domain Name System + `_ +* `Wikipedia - Internet Sockets + `_ +* `Wikipedia - Berkeley socket interface + `_ + +If you want to know a bit more about the lower layers of the stack, you might +find the following readings enlightening: + +**Transport Layer** + +* `Wikipedia - Universal Datagram Protocol (UDP) + `_ +* `Wikipedia - Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) + `_ + +**Internet Layer** + +* `Wikipedia - Internet Protocol (IP) + `_ +* `Wikipedia - IPv4 Packet Structure + `_ +* `Wikipedia - IPv6 Packet Structure + `_ + +**Link Layer** + +* `Wikipedia - Link Layer Protocols + `_ + +In addition, you may find it interesting to take a look at ZeroMQ, a +next-generation implementation of the socket concept built with parallel and +networked computing in mind: + +* `ZeroMQ Guide, Chapter 1 `_ + + +Session 2 - Web Protocols +------------------------- + +* `Python Standard Library Internet Protocols + `_ +* An introduction to the HTTP protocol: `HTTP Made Really Easy + `_ + +Python offers a number of external libraries that offer extended support for +covered web protocols, or support for protocols not covered in the Standard +Library: + +* httplib2_ - A comprehensive HTTP client library that supports many features + left out of other HTTP libraries. +* requests_ - "... an Apache2 Licensed HTTP library, written in Python, for + human beings." +* paramiko_ - "a module for python 2.5 or greater that implements the SSH2 + protocol for secure (encrypted and authenticated) connections to remote + machines" + +.. _httplib2: http://code.google.com/p/httplib2/ +.. _requests: http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/ +.. _paramiko: http://docs.paramiko.org/ + +For a historical perspective on how protocols can change (as well as how they +remain unchanged) over time, skim these specifications for HTTP and SMTP: + +* `HTTP/0.9 `_ +* `HTTP - as defined in 1992 `_ +* `Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.0 + `_ +* `Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1 + `_ + +* `RFC 821 - SMTP (initial) `_ +* `RFC 5321 - SMTP (latest) `_ + + +Session 3 - CGI and WSGI +------------------------ + +* `CGI tutorial`_ - Read the following sections: Hello World, Debugging, Form. + Other sections optional. Follow along using CGIHTTPServer. +* `WSGI tutorial`_ - Follow along using wsgiref. +* `CGI module`_ - utilities for CGI scripts, mostly form and query string + parsing +* `Parse URLS into components + `_ +* `CGIHTTPServer`_ - python -m CGIHTTPServer +* `WSGI Utilities and Reference implementation + `_ +* `WSGI 1.0 specification `_ +* `WSGI 1.0.1 (Python 3 support) `_ +* `test WSGI server, like cgi.test() + `_ + +.. _CGI tutorial: http://webpython.codepoint.net/cgi_tutorial +.. _WSGI tutorial: http://webpython.codepoint.net/wsgi_tutorial +.. _CGI module: http://docs.python.org/release/2.6.5/library/cgi.html +.. _CGIHTTPServer: http://docs.python.org/release/2.6.5/library/cgihttpserver.html + +For alternative introductions to WSGI, try these two sources. They are a bit +more minimal and may be easier to comprehend off the bat. + +* `Getting Started with WSGI`_ - by Armin Ronacher (really solid and quick!) +* `very minimal introduction to WSGI + `_ + +.. _Getting Started with WSGI: http://lucumr.pocoo.org/2007/5/21/getting-started-with-wsgi/ + + +Session 4 - APIs and Mashups +---------------------------- + +* `Introduction to HTML (from the Mozilla Developer Network) + `_ +* `Wikipedia's take on 'Web Services' + `_ +* `xmlrpc overview `_ +* `xmlrpc spec (short) `_ +* `the SOAP specification `_ +* `json overview and spec (short) `_ +* `How I Explained REST to My Wife (Tomayko 2004) + `_ +* `A Brief Introduction to REST (Tilkov 2007) + `_ +* `Wikipedia on REST + `_ +* `Original REST disertation + `_ +* `Why HATEOAS - *a simple case study on the often ignored REST constraint* + `_ + +Python offers a number of solid external libraries to support Web Services, +both from the side of production and consumption: + +* BeautifulSoup_ - "You didn't write that awful page. You're just trying to + get some data out of it. Right now, you don't really care what HTML is + supposed to look like. Neither does this parser." +* requests_ - HTTP for humans +* httplib2_ - A comprehensive HTTP client library that supports many features + left out of other HTTP libraries. +* rpclib_ - a simple, easily extendible soap library that provides several + useful tools for creating, publishing and consuming soap web services +* Suds_ - a lightweight SOAP python client for consuming Web Services. +* restkit_ - an HTTP resource kit for Python. It allows you to easily access + to HTTP resource and build objects around it. + +.. _BeautifulSoup: http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/ +.. _requests: http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/ +.. _httplib2: http://code.google.com/p/httplib2/ +.. _rpclib: https://github.com/arskom/rpclib +.. _Suds: https://fedorahosted.org/suds/ +.. _restkit: https://github.com/benoitc/restkit/ + + +Session 5 - MVC Applications and Data Persistence +------------------------------------------------- + +As we'll be learning about Pyramid over the next three sessions, please take +some time to read and digest some of the `copious documentation`_ for thie +powerful framework. + +In particular, to cover the topics we address in this session you'll want to +read the following: + +* `Pyramid Configuration + `_ +* `Defending Pyramid's Design + `_ + +.. _copious documentation: http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/latest/index.html + +You may also wish to read a bit about `SQLAlchemy`_. In particular you may +want to work through the `Object Relational Tutorial`_ to get a more complete +understanding of how the SQLAlchemy ORM works. + +.. _SQLAlchemy: http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_0_9/ +.. _Object Relational Tutorial: http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_0_9/orm/tutorial.html + + +Session 6 - Pyramid Views, Renderers and Forms +---------------------------------------------- + +This week we'll be focusing on the connection of an HTTP request to the code +that handles that request using `URL Dispatch`_. Quite a lot is possible with +the Pyramid route system. You may wish to read a bit more about it in one of +the following documentation sections: + +* `Route Pattern Syntax + `_ + discusses the syntax for pattern matching and extraction in Pyramid routes. + +In Pyramid, the code that handles requests is called `a view`_. + +A view passes data to `a renderer`_, which is responsible for turning the data +into a response to send back. + +Getting information from a client to the server is generally handled by +`HTML forms`_. Working with forms in a framework like Pyramid can be +facilitated by using a *form library* like `WTForms`_. + +.. _URL Dispatch: http://docs.pylonsproject.org/docs/pyramid/en/latest/narr/urldispatch.html +.. _a view: http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/1.5-branch/narr/views.html +.. _a renderer: http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/1.5-branch/narr/renderers.html +.. _HTML forms: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/HTML/Forms +.. _WTForms: http://wtforms.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ + +For layout and design, CSS will be your tool of choice. There is no better tool +for learning CSS than trying things out, but you need a good reference to get +started. You can learn a great deal from the `Mozilla Developer Network`_ CSS +pages. I also find `A List Apart`_ and `Smashing Magazine`_ to be fantastic +resources. + +.. _Smashing Magazine: http://www.smashingmagazine.com +.. _A List Apart: http://alistapart.com +.. _Mozilla Developer Network: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS + + +Sesstion 7 - Pyramid Authentication and Deployment +-------------------------------------------------- + +There are no special readings associated with this week. + + +Sessions 8, 9, & 10 - Django +---------------------------- + +Though it's way too much to read in any one sitting (or even in 10 or 20), the +Django documentation is excellent and thorough. As a start, take a look at +these sections: + +* `Django at a Glance + `_ - introduction to + the concepts and execution of Django + +* `Quick Install Guide + `_ - lightweight + instructions on installing Django. Use Python 2.7. + +* `Django Tutorial `_ + - The tutorial covers many of the same concepts we will in class. Go over it + to re-enforce the lessons you learn + +* `Using Django `_ - far more + in-depth information about core topics in Django. In particular, the + installation instructions here can be helpful when you run into trouble. + +Bookmark the `Django Documentation homepage +`_. It really is "everything you need +to know about Django" + +When you have some time, read `Django Design Philosophies +`_ - for some +well-considered words on why Django is the way it is. + +Conversely, for some well-considered criticisms of Django and the way it is, +read this in-depth comparison of SQLAlchemy and the Django ORM by the creator +of Flask: `SQLAlchemy and You `_ + +Or consider viewing `this video `_ +of a talk given at DjangoCon 2012 by Chris McDonough, one of the driving +forces behind the Pyramid framework. diff --git a/source/ui/default/blank.gif b/source/ui/default/blank.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 75b945d2..00000000 Binary files a/source/ui/default/blank.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/source/ui/default/framing.css b/source/ui/default/framing.css deleted file mode 100644 index c4727f30..00000000 --- a/source/ui/default/framing.css +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -/* This file has been placed in the public domain. */ -/* The following styles size, place, and layer the slide components. - Edit these if you want to change the overall slide layout. - The commented lines can be uncommented (and modified, if necessary) - to help you with the rearrangement process. */ - -/* target = 1024x768 */ - -div#header, div#footer, .slide {width: 100%; top: 0; left: 0;} -div#header {position: fixed; top: 0; height: 3em; z-index: 1;} -div#footer {top: auto; bottom: 0; height: 2.5em; z-index: 5;} -.slide {top: 0; width: 92%; padding: 2.5em 4% 4%; z-index: 2;} -div#controls {left: 50%; bottom: 0; width: 50%; z-index: 100;} -div#controls form {position: absolute; bottom: 0; right: 0; width: 100%; - margin: 0;} -#currentSlide {position: absolute; width: 10%; left: 45%; bottom: 1em; - z-index: 10;} -html>body #currentSlide {position: fixed;} - -/* -div#header {background: #FCC;} -div#footer {background: #CCF;} -div#controls {background: #BBD;} -div#currentSlide {background: #FFC;} -*/ diff --git a/source/ui/default/iepngfix.htc b/source/ui/default/iepngfix.htc deleted file mode 100644 index 9f3d628b..00000000 --- a/source/ui/default/iepngfix.htc +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ - - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/source/ui/default/opera.css b/source/ui/default/opera.css deleted file mode 100644 index c9d1148b..00000000 --- a/source/ui/default/opera.css +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -/* This file has been placed in the public domain. */ -/* DO NOT CHANGE THESE unless you really want to break Opera Show */ -.slide { - visibility: visible !important; - position: static !important; - page-break-before: always; -} -#slide0 {page-break-before: avoid;} diff --git a/source/ui/default/outline.css b/source/ui/default/outline.css deleted file mode 100644 index fa767e22..00000000 --- a/source/ui/default/outline.css +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -/* This file has been placed in the public domain. */ -/* Don't change this unless you want the layout stuff to show up in the - outline view! */ - -.layout div, #footer *, #controlForm * {display: none;} -#footer, #controls, #controlForm, #navLinks, #toggle { - display: block; visibility: visible; margin: 0; padding: 0;} -#toggle {float: right; padding: 0.5em;} -html>body #toggle {position: fixed; top: 0; right: 0;} - -/* making the outline look pretty-ish */ - -#slide0 h1, #slide0 h2, #slide0 h3, #slide0 h4 {border: none; margin: 0;} -#toggle {border: 1px solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 1px; background: #FFF;} - -.outline {display: inline ! important;} diff --git a/source/ui/default/pretty.css b/source/ui/default/pretty.css deleted file mode 100644 index 1cede72d..00000000 --- a/source/ui/default/pretty.css +++ /dev/null @@ -1,120 +0,0 @@ -/* This file has been placed in the public domain. */ -/* Following are the presentation styles -- edit away! */ - -html, body {margin: 0; padding: 0;} -body {background: white; color: black;} -/* Replace the background style above with the style below (and again for - div#header) for a graphic: */ -/* background: white url(bodybg.gif) -16px 0 no-repeat; */ -:link, :visited {text-decoration: none; color: #00C;} -#controls :active {color: #88A !important;} -#controls :focus {outline: 1px dotted #227;} -h1, h2, h3, h4 {font-size: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; font-weight: inherit;} - -blockquote {padding: 0 2em 0.5em; margin: 0 1.5em 0.5em;} -blockquote p {margin: 0;} - -kbd {font-weight: bold; font-size: 1em;} -sup {font-size: smaller; line-height: 1px;} - -.slide pre {padding: 0; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; font-size: 90%;} -.slide ul ul li {list-style: square;} -.slide img.leader {display: block; margin: 0 auto;} -.slide tt {font-size: 90%;} - -div#header, div#footer {background: #005; color: #AAB; font-family: sans-serif;} -/* background: #005 url(bodybg.gif) -16px 0 no-repeat; */ -div#footer {font-size: 0.5em; font-weight: bold; padding: 1em 0;} -#footer h1 {display: block; padding: 0 1em;} -#footer h2 {display: block; padding: 0.8em 1em 0;} - -.slide {font-size: 1.2em;} -.slide h1 {position: absolute; top: 0.45em; z-index: 1; - margin: 0; padding-left: 0.7em; white-space: nowrap; - font: bold 150% sans-serif; color: #DDE; background: #005;} -.slide h2 {font: bold 120%/1em sans-serif; padding-top: 0.5em;} -.slide h3 {font: bold 100% sans-serif; padding-top: 0.5em;} -h1 abbr {font-variant: small-caps;} - -div#controls {position: absolute; left: 50%; bottom: 0; - width: 50%; text-align: right; font: bold 0.9em sans-serif;} -html>body div#controls {position: fixed; padding: 0 0 1em 0; top: auto;} -div#controls form {position: absolute; bottom: 0; right: 0; width: 100%; - margin: 0; padding: 0;} -#controls #navLinks a {padding: 0; margin: 0 0.5em; - background: #005; border: none; color: #779; cursor: pointer;} -#controls #navList {height: 1em;} -#controls #navList #jumplist {position: absolute; bottom: 0; right: 0; - background: #DDD; color: #227;} - -#currentSlide {text-align: center; font-size: 0.5em; color: #449; - font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: bold;} - -#slide0 {padding-top: 1.5em} -#slide0 h1 {position: static; margin: 1em 0 0; padding: 0; color: #000; - font: bold 2em sans-serif; white-space: normal; background: transparent;} -#slide0 h2 {font: bold italic 1em sans-serif; margin: 0.25em;} -#slide0 h3 {margin-top: 1.5em; font-size: 1.5em;} -#slide0 h4 {margin-top: 0; font-size: 1em;} - -ul.urls {list-style: none; display: inline; margin: 0;} -.urls li {display: inline; margin: 0;} -.external {border-bottom: 1px dotted gray;} -html>body .external {border-bottom: none;} -.external:after {content: " \274F"; font-size: smaller; color: #77B;} - -.incremental, .incremental *, .incremental *:after {visibility: visible; - color: white; border: 0;} -img.incremental {visibility: hidden;} -.slide .current {color: green;} - -.slide-display {display: inline ! important;} - -.huge {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-size: 150%;} -.big {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-size: 120%;} -.small {font-size: 75%;} -.tiny {font-size: 50%;} -.huge tt, .big tt, .small tt, .tiny tt {font-size: 115%;} -.huge pre, .big pre, .small pre, .tiny pre {font-size: 115%;} - -.maroon {color: maroon;} -.red {color: red;} -.magenta {color: magenta;} -.fuchsia {color: fuchsia;} -.pink {color: #FAA;} -.orange {color: orange;} -.yellow {color: yellow;} -.lime {color: lime;} -.green {color: green;} -.olive {color: olive;} -.teal {color: teal;} -.cyan {color: cyan;} -.aqua {color: aqua;} -.blue {color: blue;} -.navy {color: navy;} -.purple {color: purple;} -.black {color: black;} -.gray {color: gray;} -.silver {color: silver;} -.white {color: white;} - -.left {text-align: left ! important;} -.center {text-align: center ! important;} -.right {text-align: right ! important;} - -.animation {position: relative; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0;} -.animation img {position: absolute;} - -/* Docutils-specific overrides */ - -.slide table.docinfo {margin: 1em 0 0.5em 2em;} - -pre.literal-block, pre.doctest-block {background-color: white;} - -tt.docutils {background-color: white;} - -/* diagnostics */ -/* -li:after {content: " [" attr(class) "]"; color: #F88;} -div:before {content: "[" attr(class) "]"; color: #F88;} -*/ diff --git a/source/ui/default/print.css b/source/ui/default/print.css deleted file mode 100644 index 9d057cc8..00000000 --- a/source/ui/default/print.css +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -/* This file has been placed in the public domain. */ -/* The following rule is necessary to have all slides appear in print! - DO NOT REMOVE IT! */ -.slide, ul {page-break-inside: avoid; visibility: visible !important;} -h1 {page-break-after: avoid;} - -body {font-size: 12pt; background: white;} -* {color: black;} - -#slide0 h1 {font-size: 200%; border: none; margin: 0.5em 0 0.25em;} -#slide0 h3 {margin: 0; padding: 0;} -#slide0 h4 {margin: 0 0 0.5em; padding: 0;} -#slide0 {margin-bottom: 3em;} - -#header {display: none;} -#footer h1 {margin: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid; color: gray; - font-style: italic;} -#footer h2, #controls {display: none;} - -.print {display: inline ! important;} - -/* The following rule keeps the layout stuff out of print. - Remove at your own risk! */ -.layout, .layout * {display: none !important;} diff --git a/source/ui/default/s5-core.css b/source/ui/default/s5-core.css deleted file mode 100644 index 6965f5e8..00000000 --- a/source/ui/default/s5-core.css +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -/* This file has been placed in the public domain. */ -/* Do not edit or override these styles! - The system will likely break if you do. */ - -div#header, div#footer, div#controls, .slide {position: absolute;} -html>body div#header, html>body div#footer, - html>body div#controls, html>body .slide {position: fixed;} -.handout {display: none;} -.layout {display: block;} -.slide, .hideme, .incremental {visibility: hidden;} -#slide0 {visibility: visible;} diff --git a/source/ui/default/slides.css b/source/ui/default/slides.css deleted file mode 100644 index 82bdc0ee..00000000 --- a/source/ui/default/slides.css +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -/* This file has been placed in the public domain. */ - -/* required to make the slide show run at all */ -@import url(s5-core.css); - -/* sets basic placement and size of slide components */ -@import url(framing.css); - -/* styles that make the slides look good */ -@import url(pretty.css); diff --git a/source/ui/default/slides.js b/source/ui/default/slides.js deleted file mode 100644 index 81e04e5d..00000000 --- a/source/ui/default/slides.js +++ /dev/null @@ -1,558 +0,0 @@ -// S5 v1.1 slides.js -- released into the Public Domain -// Modified for Docutils (http://docutils.sf.net) by David Goodger -// -// Please see http://www.meyerweb.com/eric/tools/s5/credits.html for -// information about all the wonderful and talented contributors to this code! - -var undef; -var slideCSS = ''; -var snum = 0; -var smax = 1; -var slideIDs = new Array(); -var incpos = 0; -var number = undef; -var s5mode = true; -var defaultView = 'slideshow'; -var controlVis = 'visible'; - -var isIE = navigator.appName == 'Microsoft Internet Explorer' ? 1 : 0; -var isOp = navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Opera') > -1 ? 1 : 0; -var isGe = navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Gecko') > -1 && navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Safari') < 1 ? 1 : 0; - -function hasClass(object, className) { - if (!object.className) return false; - return (object.className.search('(^|\\s)' + className + '(\\s|$)') != -1); -} - -function hasValue(object, value) { - if (!object) return false; - return (object.search('(^|\\s)' + value + '(\\s|$)') != -1); -} - -function removeClass(object,className) { - if (!object) return; - object.className = object.className.replace(new RegExp('(^|\\s)'+className+'(\\s|$)'), RegExp.$1+RegExp.$2); -} - -function addClass(object,className) { - if (!object || hasClass(object, className)) return; - if (object.className) { - object.className += ' '+className; - } else { - object.className = className; - } -} - -function GetElementsWithClassName(elementName,className) { - var allElements = document.getElementsByTagName(elementName); - var elemColl = new Array(); - for (var i = 0; i< allElements.length; i++) { - if (hasClass(allElements[i], className)) { - elemColl[elemColl.length] = allElements[i]; - } - } - return elemColl; -} - -function isParentOrSelf(element, id) { - if (element == null || element.nodeName=='BODY') return false; - else if (element.id == id) return true; - else return isParentOrSelf(element.parentNode, id); -} - -function nodeValue(node) { - var result = ""; - if (node.nodeType == 1) { - var children = node.childNodes; - for (var i = 0; i < children.length; ++i) { - result += nodeValue(children[i]); - } - } - else if (node.nodeType == 3) { - result = node.nodeValue; - } - return(result); -} - -function slideLabel() { - var slideColl = GetElementsWithClassName('*','slide'); - var list = document.getElementById('jumplist'); - smax = slideColl.length; - for (var n = 0; n < smax; n++) { - var obj = slideColl[n]; - - var did = 'slide' + n.toString(); - if (obj.getAttribute('id')) { - slideIDs[n] = obj.getAttribute('id'); - } - else { - obj.setAttribute('id',did); - slideIDs[n] = did; - } - if (isOp) continue; - - var otext = ''; - var menu = obj.firstChild; - if (!menu) continue; // to cope with empty slides - while (menu && menu.nodeType == 3) { - menu = menu.nextSibling; - } - if (!menu) continue; // to cope with slides with only text nodes - - var menunodes = menu.childNodes; - for (var o = 0; o < menunodes.length; o++) { - otext += nodeValue(menunodes[o]); - } - list.options[list.length] = new Option(n + ' : ' + otext, n); - } -} - -function currentSlide() { - var cs; - var footer_nodes; - var vis = 'visible'; - if (document.getElementById) { - cs = document.getElementById('currentSlide'); - footer_nodes = document.getElementById('footer').childNodes; - } else { - cs = document.currentSlide; - footer = document.footer.childNodes; - } - cs.innerHTML = '' + snum + '<\/span> ' + - '\/<\/span> ' + - '' + (smax-1) + '<\/span>'; - if (snum == 0) { - vis = 'hidden'; - } - cs.style.visibility = vis; - for (var i = 0; i < footer_nodes.length; i++) { - if (footer_nodes[i].nodeType == 1) { - footer_nodes[i].style.visibility = vis; - } - } -} - -function go(step) { - if (document.getElementById('slideProj').disabled || step == 0) return; - var jl = document.getElementById('jumplist'); - var cid = slideIDs[snum]; - var ce = document.getElementById(cid); - if (incrementals[snum].length > 0) { - for (var i = 0; i < incrementals[snum].length; i++) { - removeClass(incrementals[snum][i], 'current'); - removeClass(incrementals[snum][i], 'incremental'); - } - } - if (step != 'j') { - snum += step; - lmax = smax - 1; - if (snum > lmax) snum = lmax; - if (snum < 0) snum = 0; - } else - snum = parseInt(jl.value); - var nid = slideIDs[snum]; - var ne = document.getElementById(nid); - if (!ne) { - ne = document.getElementById(slideIDs[0]); - snum = 0; - } - if (step < 0) {incpos = incrementals[snum].length} else {incpos = 0;} - if (incrementals[snum].length > 0 && incpos == 0) { - for (var i = 0; i < incrementals[snum].length; i++) { - if (hasClass(incrementals[snum][i], 'current')) - incpos = i + 1; - else - addClass(incrementals[snum][i], 'incremental'); - } - } - if (incrementals[snum].length > 0 && incpos > 0) - addClass(incrementals[snum][incpos - 1], 'current'); - ce.style.visibility = 'hidden'; - ne.style.visibility = 'visible'; - jl.selectedIndex = snum; - currentSlide(); - number = 0; -} - -function goTo(target) { - if (target >= smax || target == snum) return; - go(target - snum); -} - -function subgo(step) { - if (step > 0) { - removeClass(incrementals[snum][incpos - 1],'current'); - removeClass(incrementals[snum][incpos], 'incremental'); - addClass(incrementals[snum][incpos],'current'); - incpos++; - } else { - incpos--; - removeClass(incrementals[snum][incpos],'current'); - addClass(incrementals[snum][incpos], 'incremental'); - addClass(incrementals[snum][incpos - 1],'current'); - } -} - -function toggle() { - var slideColl = GetElementsWithClassName('*','slide'); - var slides = document.getElementById('slideProj'); - var outline = document.getElementById('outlineStyle'); - if (!slides.disabled) { - slides.disabled = true; - outline.disabled = false; - s5mode = false; - fontSize('1em'); - for (var n = 0; n < smax; n++) { - var slide = slideColl[n]; - slide.style.visibility = 'visible'; - } - } else { - slides.disabled = false; - outline.disabled = true; - s5mode = true; - fontScale(); - for (var n = 0; n < smax; n++) { - var slide = slideColl[n]; - slide.style.visibility = 'hidden'; - } - slideColl[snum].style.visibility = 'visible'; - } -} - -function showHide(action) { - var obj = GetElementsWithClassName('*','hideme')[0]; - switch (action) { - case 's': obj.style.visibility = 'visible'; break; - case 'h': obj.style.visibility = 'hidden'; break; - case 'k': - if (obj.style.visibility != 'visible') { - obj.style.visibility = 'visible'; - } else { - obj.style.visibility = 'hidden'; - } - break; - } -} - -// 'keys' code adapted from MozPoint (http://mozpoint.mozdev.org/) -function keys(key) { - if (!key) { - key = event; - key.which = key.keyCode; - } - if (key.which == 84) { - toggle(); - return; - } - if (s5mode) { - switch (key.which) { - case 10: // return - case 13: // enter - if (window.event && isParentOrSelf(window.event.srcElement, 'controls')) return; - if (key.target && isParentOrSelf(key.target, 'controls')) return; - if(number != undef) { - goTo(number); - break; - } - case 32: // spacebar - case 34: // page down - case 39: // rightkey - case 40: // downkey - if(number != undef) { - go(number); - } else if (!incrementals[snum] || incpos >= incrementals[snum].length) { - go(1); - } else { - subgo(1); - } - break; - case 33: // page up - case 37: // leftkey - case 38: // upkey - if(number != undef) { - go(-1 * number); - } else if (!incrementals[snum] || incpos <= 0) { - go(-1); - } else { - subgo(-1); - } - break; - case 36: // home - goTo(0); - break; - case 35: // end - goTo(smax-1); - break; - case 67: // c - showHide('k'); - break; - } - if (key.which < 48 || key.which > 57) { - number = undef; - } else { - if (window.event && isParentOrSelf(window.event.srcElement, 'controls')) return; - if (key.target && isParentOrSelf(key.target, 'controls')) return; - number = (((number != undef) ? number : 0) * 10) + (key.which - 48); - } - } - return false; -} - -function clicker(e) { - number = undef; - var target; - if (window.event) { - target = window.event.srcElement; - e = window.event; - } else target = e.target; - if (target.href != null || hasValue(target.rel, 'external') || isParentOrSelf(target, 'controls') || isParentOrSelf(target,'embed') || isParentOrSelf(target, 'object')) return true; - if (!e.which || e.which == 1) { - if (!incrementals[snum] || incpos >= incrementals[snum].length) { - go(1); - } else { - subgo(1); - } - } -} - -function findSlide(hash) { - var target = document.getElementById(hash); - if (target) { - for (var i = 0; i < slideIDs.length; i++) { - if (target.id == slideIDs[i]) return i; - } - } - return null; -} - -function slideJump() { - if (window.location.hash == null || window.location.hash == '') { - currentSlide(); - return; - } - if (window.location.hash == null) return; - var dest = null; - dest = findSlide(window.location.hash.slice(1)); - if (dest == null) { - dest = 0; - } - go(dest - snum); -} - -function fixLinks() { - var thisUri = window.location.href; - thisUri = thisUri.slice(0, thisUri.length - window.location.hash.length); - var aelements = document.getElementsByTagName('A'); - for (var i = 0; i < aelements.length; i++) { - var a = aelements[i].href; - var slideID = a.match('\#.+'); - if ((slideID) && (slideID[0].slice(0,1) == '#')) { - var dest = findSlide(slideID[0].slice(1)); - if (dest != null) { - if (aelements[i].addEventListener) { - aelements[i].addEventListener("click", new Function("e", - "if (document.getElementById('slideProj').disabled) return;" + - "go("+dest+" - snum); " + - "if (e.preventDefault) e.preventDefault();"), true); - } else if (aelements[i].attachEvent) { - aelements[i].attachEvent("onclick", new Function("", - "if (document.getElementById('slideProj').disabled) return;" + - "go("+dest+" - snum); " + - "event.returnValue = false;")); - } - } - } - } -} - -function externalLinks() { - if (!document.getElementsByTagName) return; - var anchors = document.getElementsByTagName('a'); - for (var i=0; i' + - '