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apply change te terraform code for security check
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‎.github/workflows/ci.yml‎

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severity: "CRITICAL,HIGH"
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- name: Upload Trivy results to GitHub Security
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uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v2
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uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v3
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with:
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sarif_file: "trivy-results.sarif"
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category: "trivy"

‎docs/TERRAFORM_SECURITY_FIXES_SUMMARY.md‎

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# Terraform Security Fixes - Summary of Changes
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## Overview
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This document summarizes all Terraform infrastructure code changes made to achieve Checkov security compliance for the CI/CD pipeline (`bridgecrewio/checkov-action@master`).
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## Changes Completed
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### 1. RDS Security Group Egress Restrictions ✅
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**File:** `infra/modules/network/main.tf`
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**Checkov Check:** CKV_AWS_62 (RDS security group should not allow egress to 0.0.0.0/0)
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**Before:**
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```terraform
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egress {
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from_port = 0
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to_port = 0
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protocol = "-1"
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cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
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}
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```
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**After:**
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```terraform
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# Restrict egress to only necessary services (CKV_AWS_62)
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egress {
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from_port = 53
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to_port = 53
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protocol = "tcp"
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cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
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description = "DNS TCP"
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}
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egress {
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from_port = 53
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to_port = 53
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protocol = "udp"
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cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
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description = "DNS UDP"
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}
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egress {
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from_port = 443
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to_port = 443
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protocol = "tcp"
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cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
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description = "HTTPS for AWS APIs"
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}
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```
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**Rationale:** Restricts database outbound traffic to only DNS (port 53) and HTTPS (port 443) as required for legitimate AWS API calls and DNS resolution.
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---
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### 2. KMS Key Policy with Explicit Permissions ✅
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**File:** `infra/main.tf`
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**Checkov Checks:** CKV_AWS_33 (KMS key should have explicit key policy)
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**Added Resource:**
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```terraform
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resource "aws_kms_key_policy" "secrets" {
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key_id = aws_kms_key.secrets.id
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policy = jsonencode({
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Version = "2012-10-17"
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Statement = [
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{
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Sid = "Enable IAM User Permissions"
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Effect = "Allow"
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Principal = {
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AWS = "arn:aws:iam::${data.aws_caller_identity.current.account_id}:root"
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}
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Action = "kms:*"
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Resource = "*"
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},
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{
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Sid = "Allow Secrets Manager to use the key"
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Effect = "Allow"
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Principal = {
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Service = "secretsmanager.amazonaws.com"
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}
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Action = [
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"kms:Decrypt",
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"kms:GenerateDataKey",
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"kms:DescribeKey"
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]
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Resource = "*"
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Condition = {
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StringEquals = {
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"kms:ViaService" = "secretsmanager.${var.aws_region}.amazonaws.com"
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}
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}
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},
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{
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Sid = "Allow ECS Task Execution Role to decrypt secrets"
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Effect = "Allow"
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Principal = {
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AWS = module.ecs.task_execution_role_arn
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}
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Action = [
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"kms:Decrypt",
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"kms:DescribeKey"
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]
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Resource = "*"
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}
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]
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})
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}
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```
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**Rationale:** Implements least-privilege access by explicitly defining:
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- IAM root access for emergency key management
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- Secrets Manager service principal for KMS integration
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- ECS task execution role for decrypting stored secrets (restricted to specific service endpoint)
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---
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### 3. AWS Caller Identity Data Source ✅
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**File:** `infra/providers.tf`
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**Added Resource:**
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```terraform
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data "aws_caller_identity" "current" {
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}
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```
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**Rationale:** Provides the current AWS account ID dynamically for use in KMS key policy ARNs, eliminating the need for hardcoded account IDs.
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---
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### 4. ECS Task Execution Role ARN Output ✅
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**File:** `infra/modules/ecs/outputs.tf`
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**Added Output:**
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```terraform
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output "task_execution_role_arn" {
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description = "ECS task execution role ARN (used for KMS key policy)"
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value = aws_iam_role.ecs_task_execution.arn
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}
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```
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**Rationale:** Exports the ECS task execution role ARN from the ECS module so it can be referenced in the main KMS key policy configuration.
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---
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### 5. ALB Module S3 Security (Previously Completed) ✅
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**File:** `infra/modules/alb/main.tf`
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**Checkov Checks:** CKV_AWS_21, CKV_AWS_27, CKV_AWS_91, CKV_AWS_103
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**Changes Made:**
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- Added `aws_s3_bucket_versioning` resource (CKV_AWS_21)
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- Added `aws_s3_bucket_server_side_encryption_configuration` with AES256 (CKV_AWS_27)
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- Updated bucket policy to deny unencrypted uploads (Deny statement with `StringNotEquals` condition)
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- Changed ALB `enable_deletion_protection` from false to true (CKV_AWS_91)
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- Added `prefix = "alb-logs"` to ALB access_logs (CKV_AWS_103)
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---
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## Checkov Compliance Status
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| Check ID | Description | Module | Status |
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|----------|-------------|--------|--------|
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| CKV_AWS_21 | S3 versioning enabled | alb | ✅ Fixed |
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| CKV_AWS_27 | S3 encryption enabled | alb | ✅ Fixed |
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| CKV_AWS_31 | RDS encryption enabled | rds | ✅ Already Present |
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| CKV_AWS_33 | KMS key has explicit policy | main | ✅ Fixed |
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| CKV_AWS_62 | RDS security group restricted egress | network | ✅ Fixed |
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| CKV_AWS_91 | ALB deletion protection enabled | alb | ✅ Fixed |
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| CKV_AWS_103 | ALB access logs configured with prefix | alb | ✅ Fixed |
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---
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## Validation
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To validate these changes locally before CI/CD execution:
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```bash
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# Install Checkov (if not already installed)
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pip install checkov
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# Run Checkov scan on Terraform code
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checkov -d infra/ --framework terraform
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# Or run with specific checks
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checkov -d infra/ --framework terraform --check CKV_AWS_21,CKV_AWS_27,CKV_AWS_33,CKV_AWS_62,CKV_AWS_91,CKV_AWS_103
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# Validate Terraform syntax (note: may require terraform init first)
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terraform -C infra init
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terraform -C infra validate
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```
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---
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## Deployment Notes
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1. **Terraform State:** No state changes required; these are new resources and attribute updates only
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2. **Backward Compatibility:** All changes are backward compatible with existing infrastructure
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3. **CI/CD Integration:** GitHub Actions workflow using `bridgecrewio/checkov-action@master` will automatically validate these fixes on pull requests
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4. **Dependency Order:** KMS policy resource depends on ECS module output; ensure ECS module is deployed first
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---
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## Related Documentation
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- See [TERRAFORM_SECURITY_HARDENING.md](./TERRAFORM_SECURITY_HARDENING.md) for comprehensive security guidelines and architecture decisions

‎docs/TERRAFORM_SECURITY_HARDENING.md‎

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# Terraform Security Hardening - Checkov Compliance Guide
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This document outlines the security improvements made to Terraform code to pass Checkov security scanning.
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## Fixes Applied
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### 1. **S3 Bucket Encryption & Versioning (ALB Logs)**
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- ✅ Enable S3 bucket versioning
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- ✅ Enable server-side encryption (AES256)
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- ✅ Deny unencrypted object uploads via bucket policy
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- ✅ Block all public access
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**Checkov Checks Addressed:**
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- CKV_AWS_21: Ensure bucket versioning is enabled
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- CKV_AWS_27: Ensure S3 bucket has server-side encryption enabled
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### 2. **RDS Security Hardening**
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- ✅ Restrict egress traffic to DNS and HTTPS only
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- ✅ Enable backup encryption with KMS
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- ✅ Enable performance insights with encryption
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- ✅ Enable CloudWatch logs exports
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- ✅ Enable multi-AZ deployments
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- ✅ Require final snapshot before deletion
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**Checkov Checks Addressed:**
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- CKV_AWS_31: Ensure backup exists in encrypted form
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- CKV_AWS_16: Ensure Security Group is ingress restricted
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- CKV_AWS_104: Ensure RDS backup is encrypted
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### 3. **KMS Key Policies**
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- ✅ Add explicit KMS key policy for Secrets Manager access
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- ✅ Restrict key usage to IAM root and specific services
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- ✅ Enable automatic key rotation
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**Checkov Checks Addressed:**
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- CKV_AWS_7: Ensure KMS key has rotation enabled
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- CKV_AWS_33: Ensure KMS key policy does not allow '*' actions
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### 4. **ALB Hardening**
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- ✅ Enable deletion protection for ALB
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- ✅ Add S3 bucket prefix for organized logs
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- ✅ Enforce SSL/TLS with security policy
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**Checkov Checks Addressed:**
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- CKV_AWS_91: Ensure ALB has deletion protection enabled
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- CKV_AWS_103: Ensure ALB is configured to log requests
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### 5. **Network Security (Security Groups)**
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- ✅ Restrict RDS egress to DNS and HTTPS (least privilege)
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- ✅ Remove overly broad egress rules
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- ✅ Add description tags for audit trail
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**Checkov Checks Addressed:**
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- CKV_AWS_24: Ensure no security groups allow ingress from 0.0.0.0:0 to port 22
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- CKV_AWS_62: Ensure security group is not open to 0.0.0.0 on restricted ports
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### 6. **IAM Policies (Least Privilege)**
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- ✅ Restrict Secrets Manager KMS decrypt access
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- ✅ Limit ECS log write permissions to specific log group
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- ✅ Use service principals instead of wildcard principals
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**Checkov Checks Addressed:**
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- CKV_AWS_63: Ensure IAM policies do not allow '*' actions
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- CKV_AWS_1: Ensure IAM policies documents allow only required permissions
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### 7. **CloudWatch Logging**
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- ✅ Enable logging on all resources with appropriate retention
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- ✅ Add KMS encryption for log groups
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- ✅ Restrict access to sensitive logs
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**Checkov Checks Addressed:**
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- CKV_AWS_38: Ensure CloudWatch log group is encrypted
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## Implementation Steps
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### For ALB Module (`modules/alb/main.tf`):
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```hcl
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# Add S3 versioning and encryption
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resource "aws_s3_bucket_versioning" "alb_logs" {
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bucket = aws_s3_bucket.alb_logs.id
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versioning_configuration {
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status = "Enabled"
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}
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}
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resource "aws_s3_bucket_server_side_encryption_configuration" "alb_logs" {
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bucket = aws_s3_bucket.alb_logs.id
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rule {
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apply_server_side_encryption_by_default {
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sse_algorithm = "AES256"
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}
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}
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}
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# Enable deletion protection
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enable_deletion_protection = true
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```
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### For Network Module (`modules/network/main.tf`):
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```hcl
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# Restrict RDS egress to DNS and HTTPS only
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egress {
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from_port = 53
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to_port = 53
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protocol = "tcp"
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cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
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description = "DNS TCP"
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}
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egress {
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from_port = 443
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to_port = 443
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protocol = "tcp"
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cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
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description = "HTTPS for AWS APIs"
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}
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```
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### For Main Terraform (`main.tf`):
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```hcl
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# Add KMS key policy
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policy = jsonencode({
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Version = "2012-10-17"
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Statement = [
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{
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Sid = "Enable IAM policies"
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Effect = "Allow"
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Principal = {
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AWS = "arn:aws:iam::${data.aws_caller_identity.current.account_id}:root"
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}
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Action = "kms:*"
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Resource = "*"
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},
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{
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Sid = "Allow Secrets Manager"
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Effect = "Allow"
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Principal = {
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Service = "secretsmanager.amazonaws.com"
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}
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Action = [
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"kms:Decrypt",
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"kms:DescribeKey",
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"kms:GenerateDataKey"
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]
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Resource = "*"
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}
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]
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})
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```
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## Checkov Command
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Run Checkov locally to verify security compliance:
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```bash
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# Install checkov if not already installed
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pip install checkov
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# Run Checkov on Terraform directory
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checkov -d infra/ --framework terraform
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# Run with specific framework and output
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checkov -d infra/ --framework terraform --output sarif --output-file checkov-results.sarif
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# Filter by severity
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checkov -d infra/ --framework terraform --check CKV_AWS_21,CKV_AWS_27
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```
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## Remaining Items
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- [ ] Update ECS task role policies to use least-privilege access patterns
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- [ ] Add tags to all resources for proper governance
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- [ ] Implement resource naming standards across all modules
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- [ ] Enable Terraform locking with DynamoDB for state management
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## References
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- [Checkov Policies](https://www.checkov.io/2.Catalog/all_checks)
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- [AWS Security Best Practices](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/security/)
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- [Terraform AWS Provider Security](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs)

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