#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN

#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

#include <iostream>

#include <fstream>

#include <stdexcept>

#include <algorithm>

#include <vector>

#include <cstring>

#include <cstdlib>

#include <set>

const int WIDTH = 800;

const int HEIGHT = 600;

const std::vector<const char*> validationLayers = {

"VK_LAYER_LUNARG_standard_validation"

};

const std::vector<const char*> deviceExtensions = {

VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME

};

#ifdef NDEBUG

const bool enableValidationLayers = false;

#else

const bool enableValidationLayers = true;

#endif

VkResult CreateDebugReportCallbackEXT(VkInstance instance, const VkDebugReportCallbackCreateInfoEXT* pCreateInfo, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkDebugReportCallbackEXT* pCallback) {

auto func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT");

if (func != nullptr) {

return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pCallback);

} else {

return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;

}

}

void DestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT(VkInstance instance, VkDebugReportCallbackEXT callback, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator) {

auto func = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT");

if (func != nullptr) {

func(instance, callback, pAllocator);

}

}

struct QueueFamilyIndices {

int graphicsFamily = -1;

int presentFamily = -1;

bool isComplete() {

return graphicsFamily >= 0 && presentFamily >= 0;

}

};

struct SwapChainSupportDetails {

VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;

std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats;

std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> presentModes;

};

class HelloTriangleApplication {

public:

void run() {

initWindow();

initVulkan();

mainLoop();

cleanup();

}

private:

GLFWwindow* window;

VkInstance instance;

VkDebugReportCallbackEXT callback;

VkSurfaceKHR surface;

VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

VkDevice device;

VkQueue graphicsQueue;

VkQueue presentQueue;

VkSwapchainKHR swapChain;

std::vector<VkImage> swapChainImages;

VkFormat swapChainImageFormat;

VkExtent2D swapChainExtent;

std::vector<VkImageView> swapChainImageViews;

void initWindow() {

glfwInit();

glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);

glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_FALSE);

window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "Vulkan", nullptr, nullptr);

}

void initVulkan() {

createInstance();

setupDebugCallback();

createSurface();

pickPhysicalDevice();

createLogicalDevice();

createSwapChain();

createImageViews();

createGraphicsPipeline();

}

void mainLoop() {

while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {

glfwPollEvents();

}

}

void cleanup() {

for (auto imageView : swapChainImageViews) {

vkDestroyImageView(device, imageView, nullptr);

}

vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, swapChain, nullptr);

vkDestroyDevice(device, nullptr);

if (enableValidationLayers) {

DestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT(instance, callback, nullptr);

}

vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance, surface, nullptr);

vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr);

glfwDestroyWindow(window);

glfwTerminate();

}

void createInstance() {

if (enableValidationLayers && !checkValidationLayerSupport()) {

throw std::runtime_error("validation layers requested, but not available!");

}

VkApplicationInfo appInfo = {};

appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;

appInfo.pApplicationName = "Hello Triangle";

appInfo.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);

appInfo.pEngineName = "No Engine";

appInfo.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);

appInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;

VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo = {};

createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;

createInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;

auto extensions = getRequiredExtensions();

createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensions.size());

createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data();

if (enableValidationLayers) {

createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());

createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();

} else {

createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;

}

if (vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, nullptr, &instance) != VK_SUCCESS) {

throw std::runtime_error("failed to create instance!");

}

}

void setupDebugCallback() {

if (!enableValidationLayers) return;

VkDebugReportCallbackCreateInfoEXT createInfo = {};

createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_REPORT_CALLBACK_CREATE_INFO_EXT;

createInfo.flags = VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT;

createInfo.pfnCallback = debugCallback;

if (CreateDebugReportCallbackEXT(instance, &createInfo, nullptr, &callback) != VK_SUCCESS) {

throw std::runtime_error("failed to set up debug callback!");

}

}

void createSurface() {

if (glfwCreateWindowSurface(instance, window, nullptr, &surface) != VK_SUCCESS) {

throw std::runtime_error("failed to create window surface!");

}

}

void pickPhysicalDevice() {

uint32_t deviceCount = 0;

vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, nullptr);

if (deviceCount == 0) {

throw std::runtime_error("failed to find GPUs with Vulkan support!");

}

std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(deviceCount);

vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, devices.data());

for (const auto& device : devices) {

if (isDeviceSuitable(device)) {

physicalDevice = device;

break;

}

}

if (physicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {

throw std::runtime_error("failed to find a suitable GPU!");

}

}

void createLogicalDevice() {

QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);

std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queueCreateInfos;

std::set<int> uniqueQueueFamilies = {indices.graphicsFamily, indices.presentFamily};

float queuePriority = 1.0f;

for (int queueFamily : uniqueQueueFamilies) {

VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo = {};

queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;

queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamily;

queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;

queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;

queueCreateInfos.push_back(queueCreateInfo);

}

VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures = {};

VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo = {};

createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;

createInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(queueCreateInfos.size());

createInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = queueCreateInfos.data();

createInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &deviceFeatures;

createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(deviceExtensions.size());

createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data();

if (enableValidationLayers) {

createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());

createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();

} else {

createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;

}

if (vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &createInfo, nullptr, &device) != VK_SUCCESS) {

throw std::runtime_error("failed to create logical device!");

}

vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.graphicsFamily, 0, &graphicsQueue);

vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.presentFamily, 0, &presentQueue);

}

void createSwapChain() {

SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport = querySwapChainSupport(physicalDevice);

VkSurfaceFormatKHR surfaceFormat = chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(swapChainSupport.formats);

VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = chooseSwapPresentMode(swapChainSupport.presentModes);

VkExtent2D extent = chooseSwapExtent(swapChainSupport.capabilities);

uint32_t imageCount = swapChainSupport.capabilities.minImageCount + 1;

if (swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount > 0 && imageCount > swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount) {

imageCount = swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount;

}

VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo = {};

createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;

createInfo.surface = surface;

createInfo.minImageCount = imageCount;

createInfo.imageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;

createInfo.imageColorSpace = surfaceFormat.colorSpace;

createInfo.imageExtent = extent;

createInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;

createInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;

QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);

uint32_t queueFamilyIndices[] = {(uint32_t) indices.graphicsFamily, (uint32_t) indices.presentFamily};

if (indices.graphicsFamily != indices.presentFamily) {

createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;

createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;

createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = queueFamilyIndices;

} else {

createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;

}

createInfo.preTransform = swapChainSupport.capabilities.currentTransform;

createInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;

createInfo.presentMode = presentMode;

createInfo.clipped = VK_TRUE;

createInfo.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

if (vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChain) != VK_SUCCESS) {

throw std::runtime_error("failed to create swap chain!");

}

vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, nullptr);

swapChainImages.resize(imageCount);

vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, swapChainImages.data());

swapChainImageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;

swapChainExtent = extent;

}

void createImageViews() {

swapChainImageViews.resize(swapChainImages.size());

for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++) {

VkImageViewCreateInfo createInfo = {};

createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;

createInfo.image = swapChainImages[i];

createInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;

createInfo.format = swapChainImageFormat;

createInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;

createInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;

createInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;

createInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;

createInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;

createInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;

createInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;

createInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;

createInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

if (vkCreateImageView(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChainImageViews[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {

throw std::runtime_error("failed to create image views!");

}

}

}

void createGraphicsPipeline() {

auto vertShaderCode = readFile("shaders/vert.spv");

auto fragShaderCode = readFile("shaders/frag.spv");

VkShaderModule vertShaderModule = createShaderModule(vertShaderCode);

VkShaderModule fragShaderModule = createShaderModule(fragShaderCode);

VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vertShaderStageInfo = {};

vertShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;

vertShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;

vertShaderStageInfo.module = vertShaderModule;

vertShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";

VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo fragShaderStageInfo = {};

fragShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;

fragShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;

fragShaderStageInfo.module = fragShaderModule;

fragShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";

VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[] = {vertShaderStageInfo, fragShaderStageInfo};

vkDestroyShaderModule(device, fragShaderModule, nullptr);

vkDestroyShaderModule(device, vertShaderModule, nullptr);

}

VkShaderModule createShaderModule(const std::vector<char>& code) {

VkShaderModuleCreateInfo createInfo = {};

createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;

createInfo.codeSize = code.size();

createInfo.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(code.data());

VkShaderModule shaderModule;

if (vkCreateShaderModule(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &shaderModule) != VK_SUCCESS) {

throw std::runtime_error("failed to create shader module!");

}

return shaderModule;

}

VkSurfaceFormatKHR chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(const std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& availableFormats) {

if (availableFormats.size() == 1 && availableFormats[0].format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {

return {VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR};

}

for (const auto& availableFormat : availableFormats) {

if (availableFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM && availableFormat.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR) {

return availableFormat;

}

}

return availableFormats[0];

}

VkPresentModeKHR chooseSwapPresentMode(const std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> availablePresentModes) {

VkPresentModeKHR bestMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;

for (const auto& availablePresentMode : availablePresentModes) {

if (availablePresentMode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR) {

return availablePresentMode;

} else if (availablePresentMode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR) {

bestMode = availablePresentMode;

}

}

return bestMode;

}

VkExtent2D chooseSwapExtent(const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& capabilities) {

if (capabilities.currentExtent.width != std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {

return capabilities.currentExtent;

} else {

VkExtent2D actualExtent = {WIDTH, HEIGHT};

actualExtent.width = std::max(capabilities.minImageExtent.width, std::min(capabilities.maxImageExtent.width, actualExtent.width));

actualExtent.height = std::max(capabilities.minImageExtent.height, std::min(capabilities.maxImageExtent.height, actualExtent.height));

return actualExtent;

}

}

SwapChainSupportDetails querySwapChainSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device) {

SwapChainSupportDetails details;

vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(device, surface, &details.capabilities);

uint32_t formatCount;

vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, nullptr);

if (formatCount != 0) {

details.formats.resize(formatCount);

vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, details.formats.data());

}

uint32_t presentModeCount;

vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr);

if (presentModeCount != 0) {

details.presentModes.resize(presentModeCount);

vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, details.presentModes.data());

}

return details;

}

bool isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device) {

QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(device);

bool extensionsSupported = checkDeviceExtensionSupport(device);

bool swapChainAdequate = false;

if (extensionsSupported) {

SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport = querySwapChainSupport(device);

swapChainAdequate = !swapChainSupport.formats.empty() && !swapChainSupport.presentModes.empty();

}

return indices.isComplete() && extensionsSupported && swapChainAdequate;

}

bool checkDeviceExtensionSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device) {

uint32_t extensionCount;

vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);

std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> availableExtensions(extensionCount);

vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, availableExtensions.data());

std::set<std::string> requiredExtensions(deviceExtensions.begin(), deviceExtensions.end());

for (const auto& extension : availableExtensions) {

requiredExtensions.erase(extension.extensionName);

}

return requiredExtensions.empty();

}

QueueFamilyIndices findQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device) {

QueueFamilyIndices indices;

uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0;

vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);

std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount);

vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data());

int i = 0;

for (const auto& queueFamily : queueFamilies) {

if (queueFamily.queueCount > 0 && queueFamily.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {

indices.graphicsFamily = i;

}

VkBool32 presentSupport = false;

vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(device, i, surface, &presentSupport);

if (queueFamily.queueCount > 0 && presentSupport) {

indices.presentFamily = i;

}

if (indices.isComplete()) {

break;

}

i++;

}

return indices;

}

std::vector<const char*> getRequiredExtensions() {

uint32_t glfwExtensionCount = 0;

const char** glfwExtensions;

glfwExtensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount);

std::vector<const char*> extensions(glfwExtensions, glfwExtensions + glfwExtensionCount);

if (enableValidationLayers) {

extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_REPORT_EXTENSION_NAME);

}

return extensions;

}

bool checkValidationLayerSupport() {

uint32_t layerCount;

vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, nullptr);

std::vector<VkLayerProperties> availableLayers(layerCount);

vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, availableLayers.data());

for (const char* layerName : validationLayers) {

bool layerFound = false;

for (const auto& layerProperties : availableLayers) {

if (strcmp(layerName, layerProperties.layerName) == 0) {

layerFound = true;

break;

}

}

if (!layerFound) {

return false;

}

}

return true;

}

static std::vector<char> readFile(const std::string& filename) {

std::ifstream file(filename, std::ios::ate | std::ios::binary);

if (!file.is_open()) {

throw std::runtime_error("failed to open file!");

}

size_t fileSize = (size_t) file.tellg();

std::vector<char> buffer(fileSize);

file.seekg(0);

file.read(buffer.data(), fileSize);

file.close();

return buffer;

}

static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(VkDebugReportFlagsEXT flags, VkDebugReportObjectTypeEXT objType, uint64_t obj, size_t location, int32_t code, const char* layerPrefix, const char* msg, void* userData) {

std::cerr << "validation layer: " << msg << std::endl;

return VK_FALSE;

}

};

int main() {

HelloTriangleApplication app;

try {

app.run();

} catch (const std::exception& e) {

std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;

return EXIT_FAILURE;

}

return EXIT_SUCCESS;

}