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crawler1.py
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# coding=utf-8
import logging
import os
import re
import time
import pdfkit
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html_template = """
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
{content}
</body>
</html>
"""
class Crawler(object):
"""
爬虫基类，所有爬虫都应该继承此类
"""
name = None
def __init__(self, name=None, **kwargs):
if name is not None:
self.name = name
elif not getattr(self, 'name', None):
raise ValueError("%s must have a name" % type(self).__name__)
def parse(self):
raise NotImplementedError
def parse_url_to_html(url, name):
"""
解析URL，返回HTML内容
:param url:解析的url
:param name: 保存的html文件名
:return: html
"""
try:
response = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')
# 正文
body = soup.find_all(class_="x-wiki-content")[0]
# 标题
title = soup.find('h4').get_text()
# 标题加入到正文的最前面，居中显示
center_tag = soup.new_tag("center")
title_tag = soup.new_tag('h1')
title_tag.string = title
center_tag.insert(1, title_tag)
body.insert(1, center_tag)
html = str(body)
# body中的img标签的src相对路径的改成绝对路径
pattern = "(<img .*?src=\")(.*?)(\")"
def func(m):
if not m.group(3).startswith("http"):
rtn = m.group(1) + "http://www.liaoxuefeng.com" + m.group(2) + m.group(3)
return rtn
else:
return m.group(1) + m.group(2) + m.group(3)
html = re.compile(pattern).sub(func, html)
html = html_template.format(content=html)
html = html.encode("utf-8")
with open(name, 'wb') as f:
f.write(html)
return name
except Exception as e:
logging.error("解析错误", exc_info=True)
def get_url_list():
"""
获取所有URL目录列表
:return:
"""
response = requests.get("http://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0014316089557264a6b348958f449949df42a6d3a2e542c000")
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, "html.parser")
menu_tag = soup.find_all(class_="uk-nav uk-nav-side")[1]
urls = []
for li in menu_tag.find_all("li"):
url = "http://www.liaoxuefeng.com" + li.a.get('href')
urls.append(url)
return urls
def save_pdf(htmls, file_name):
"""
把所有html文件保存到pdf文件
:param htmls: html文件列表
:param file_name: pdf文件名
:return:
"""
options = {
'page-size': 'Letter',
'margin-top': '0.75in',
'margin-right': '0.75in',
'margin-bottom': '0.75in',
'margin-left': '0.75in',
'encoding': "UTF-8",
'custom-header': [
('Accept-Encoding', 'gzip')
],
'cookie': [
('cookie-name1', 'cookie-value1'),
('cookie-name2', 'cookie-value2'),
],
'outline-depth': 10,
}
pdfkit.from_file(htmls, file_name, options=options)
def main():
start = time.time()
urls = get_url_list()
file_name = u"liaoxuefeng_Python3_tutorial.pdf"
htmls = [parse_url_to_html(url, str(index) + ".html") for index, url in enumerate(urls)]
save_pdf(htmls, file_name)
for html in htmls:
os.remove(html)
total_time = time.time() - start
print(u"总共耗时：%f 秒" % total_time)
if __name__ == '__main__':
Crawler().parse()